CN103714979B - The preparation method of phosphorus doping porous carbon materials for a kind of ultracapacitor - Google Patents
The preparation method of phosphorus doping porous carbon materials for a kind of ultracapacitor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the preparation method of a kind of ultracapacitor phosphorus doping porous carbon materials, it has solved the technical problem that current material cost is high, specific capacitance is lower, ultracapacitor in the present invention phosphorus doping porous carbon materials, it contains carbon 65～98wt%, oxygen element 1.5～23wt% and P elements 0.5～12wt%. The present invention includes following steps: carbohydrate and inorganic acid are added respectively in deionized water, stir; Mixed solution is placed in to air dry oven pre-reaction, obtains solid mixture; Pre-reaction product is placed in to high temperature carbonization stove, carbonization, then cooling, make phosphorus doping porous carbon materials; Inorganic acid is the combination of phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid; Carbohydrate is one or more combinations of glucose, sucrose and fructose. The present invention can be widely used in the preparation field of super capacitor material.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Material Field, be specifically related to a kind of ultracapacitor phosphorus doping porous carbonThe preparation method of material.
Background technology
Ultracapacitor specific energy is high, power density large, long service life, is a kind of between secondaryA kind of high-performance energy storage device between battery and traditional capacitor. Ultracapacitor is at microelectronics deviceThere is application extremely widely in the fields such as part, automobile initiating means and solar energy, wind-powered electricity generation storage. StoneChange the day by day exhausted of the energy, impel the new forms of energy such as ultracapacitor, lithium ion battery product to obtainUnprecedented concern.
Porous carbon materials specific area is large, physical and chemical performance stable, structure is controlled, price is relatively lowHonest and clean, be the most popular electrode material of ultracapacitor. At present, prepare the side of porous carbon materialsMethod mainly contains activation method and template. Porous carbon materials specific area prepared by activation method is large, stillPore structure is uncontrollable, is difficult to further improve the specific capacitance of material with carbon element. For example, the patent No. is CN200510031195.7 Chinese patent adopt KOH etching method prepared specific area up to 2000～3000m2The active carbon of/g, specific capacitance is only 84F/g. Template can prepare specific area large,The porous carbon materials that pore structure is controlled, but its complicated process of preparation, production cost are high again, short-termInside be difficult to realize commercial applications.
Prepare the porous carbon materials of high-specific capacitance super in order to find a kind of simple, efficient method, scientific researchWorkers have dropped into huge time and efforts, and have made some progress. Phosphorus doping porousMaterial with carbon element is proved to be and can greatly improves its specific capacitance. According to [XiaodongYan, YuanLiuandXiaorongFanetal.JournalofPowerSources248 (2014) 745-751] report, to gatherAcrylonitrile and phosphoric acid are presoma, adopt the method for electrostatic spinning to prepare the nitrogen/phosphorus of high specific capacitance commonDoping carbon material, its specific capacitance in sulfuric acid electrolyte reaches 224.9F/g. According to [ChunleiWang,YingZhouandLiSunetal.JournalofPowerSources239 (2013) 81-88] reportRoad, taking glucose and ammonium phosphate as presoma, has prepared nitrogen/phosphor codoping porous carbon materials, itsIn potassium hydroxide electrolyte, specific capacitance is 183.8F/g.
But above-mentioned the first preparation method's cost is high, porous carbon prepared by the second preparation methodMaterial specific capacitance is lower.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is exactly in order to solve the technical problem that current material cost is high, specific capacitance is lower,A kind of technique ultracapacitor simple, with low cost phosphorus doping porous carbon materials and system thereof are providedPreparation Method.
The present invention provides the preparation method of a kind of ultracapacitor phosphorus doping porous carbon materials simultaneously,It comprises the steps: that (1) 1～10 adds carbohydrate and inorganic acid respectively in mass ratioIn deionized water, the consumption of deionized water is carbohydrate 2～5 times, then with 100～The stir speed (S.S.) of 500r/min stirs 1～5 hour; (2) mixed solution step (1) being obtainedBe placed in temperature and be the air dry oven pre-reaction 12～48 hours of 100～200 DEG C, obtain solid mixedCompound; (3) pre-reaction product step (2) being obtained is placed in high temperature carbonization stove, at nitrogen gasUnder atmosphere, with the heating rate of 1～10 DEG C/min by temperature rise to 700～900 DEG C, constant temperature carbonization0.5～5 hour, then naturally cool to room temperature, make phosphorus doping porous carbon materials; In the present inventionUltracapacitor phosphorus doping porous carbon materials, it contains carbon 65～98wt%, oxygen element1.5～23wt% and P elements 0.5～12wt%. ; The inorganic acid of step (1) is phosphoric acid and sulfuric acidCombination; The carbohydrate of step (1) is one or more groups of glucose, sucrose and fructoseClose.
The present invention makes electrode by the phosphorus doping porous carbon materials of preparation as follows, and carries out electricityChemical property test:
By phosphorus doping porous carbon materials (80wt%), conductive black Super-P (10wt%) and partially poly-PVF (10wt%) fully mixes by mortar lapping mode, then adds 50 times to poly-In the 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE of vinylidene quality, stir into pasty state. Employing platinized platinum is doneFor collector, the above-mentioned material mixing is evenly coated in to platinized platinum surface, the pole piece of making is existed120 DEG C of vacuum drying 12 hours, then by dried pole piece at 1mol/LH2SO4In electrolyteSoak 24 hours. Taking platinum electrode as to electrode, Ag/AgCl as reference electrode, adopt three electrodes surveyMethod for testing is under-0.1～0.9V voltage range, at 1mol/LH2SO4In solution, at different electricityUnder current density, carry out loop test, and calculate specific capacitance value.
Porous carbon materials specific capacitance prepared by the present invention does not rely on pore structure, only with specific area andPhosphorus content is relevant. By rational composition proportion can regulate porous carbon materials specific surface area size andThe number of phosphorus content, thus prepare the phosphorus doping porous carbon of high-specific surface area, high-specific capacitance superMaterial. Preparation technology of the present invention is simple, environmental friendliness, with low cost, easily realize suitability for industrialized production andCommercial applications.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the stereoscan photograph of the phosphorus doping porous carbon materials prepared of the embodiment of the present invention 2;
Fig. 2 is phosphorus doping porous carbon materials prepared by inventive embodiments 1, embodiment 2 and embodiment 3High rate performance curve under different current densities.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and preparation method of the present invention to the prepared phosphorus doping porous carbon of the present inventionMaterial is further described:
Embodiment 1
2g glucose, 1g phosphoric acid and 0.2g sulfuric acid are added respectively in 5g deionized water, then with100r/min stirs 5 hours.
It is the air dry oven pre-reaction 48 hours of 100 DEG C that the mixed solution of homogeneous is placed in to temperature,Obtain solid mixture.
Pre-reaction product is placed in to high temperature carbonization stove, under nitrogen atmosphere, with the intensification of 7 DEG C/minSpeed is by temperature rise to 800 DEG C, and constant temperature carbonization 0.5 hour, then naturally cools to room temperature, systemObtain phosphorus doping porous carbon materials.
By phosphorus doping porous carbon materials (80wt%), conductive black Super-P (10wt%) and partially poly-PVF (10wt%) fully mixes by mortar lapping mode, then adds 50 times to poly-In the 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE of vinylidene quality, stir into pasty state. Employing platinized platinum is doneFor collector, the above-mentioned material mixing is evenly coated in to collector platinized platinum surface, by what makePole piece is 120 DEG C of vacuum drying 12 hours, then by dried pole piece at 1mol/LH2SO4ElectricitySeparate in liquid and soak 24 hours. Taking platinum electrode as to electrode, Ag/AgCl as reference electrode, adopt threeElectrode test method is under-0.1～0.9V voltage range, at 1mol/LH2SO4In solution, in differenceCurrent density under carry out loop test, this phosphorus doping porous carbon materials is at discharge current density 0.1A/gLower specific capacitance is 256F/g, and current density is that under 10A/g, specific capacitance is 143F/g.
Embodiment 2
2g glucose, 1g phosphoric acid and 1g sulfuric acid are added respectively in 10g deionized water, then with500r/min stirs 1 hour.
It is the air dry oven pre-reaction 24 hours of 150 DEG C that the mixed solution of homogeneous is placed in to temperature,Obtain solid mixture.
Pre-reaction product is placed in to high temperature carbonization stove, under nitrogen atmosphere, with the intensification of 5 DEG C/minSpeed is by temperature rise to 800 DEG C, and constant temperature carbonization 1 hour, then naturally cools to room temperature, makesPhosphorus doping porous carbon materials.
By phosphorus doping porous carbon materials (80wt%), conductive black Super-P (10wt%) and partially poly-PVF (10wt%) fully mixes by mortar lapping mode, then adds 50 times to poly-In the 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE of vinylidene quality, stir into pasty state. Employing platinized platinum is doneFor collector, the above-mentioned material mixing is evenly coated in to collector platinized platinum surface, by what makePole piece is 120 DEG C of vacuum drying 12 hours, then by dried pole piece at 1mol/LH2SO4ElectricitySeparate in liquid and soak 24 hours. Taking platinum electrode as to electrode, Ag/AgCl as reference electrode, adopt threeElectrode test method is under-0.1～0.9V voltage range, at 1mol/LH2SO4In solution, in differenceCurrent density under carry out loop test, this phosphorus doping porous carbon materials is at discharge current density 0.1A/gLower specific capacitance is 320F/g, and current density is that under 10A/g, specific capacitance is 189F/g.
Embodiment 3
2g fructose, 0.5g phosphoric acid and 1g sulfuric acid are added respectively in 10g deionized water, then with300r/min stirs 3 hours.
It is the air dry oven pre-reaction 12 hours of 200 DEG C that the mixed solution of homogeneous is placed in to temperature,Obtain solid mixture.
Pre-reaction product is placed in to high temperature carbonization stove, under nitrogen atmosphere, with the intensification of 10 DEG C/minSpeed is by temperature rise to 800 DEG C, and constant temperature carbonization 2 hours, then naturally cools to room temperature, makesPhosphorus doping porous carbon materials.
By phosphorus doping porous carbon materials (80wt%), conductive black Super-P (10wt%) and partially poly-PVF (10wt%) fully mixes by mortar lapping mode, then adds 50 times to poly-In the 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE of vinylidene quality, stir into pasty state. Employing platinized platinum is doneFor collector, the above-mentioned material mixing is evenly coated in to collector platinized platinum surface, by what makePole piece is 120 DEG C of vacuum drying 12 hours, then by dried pole piece at 1mol/LH2SO4ElectricitySeparate in liquid and soak 24 hours. Taking platinum electrode as to electrode, Ag/AgCl as reference electrode, adopt threeElectrode test method is under-0.1～0.9V voltage range, at 1mol/LH2SO4In solution, in differenceCurrent density under carry out loop test, this phosphorus doping porous carbon materials is at discharge current density 0.1A/gLower specific capacitance is 237F/g, and current density is that under 10A/g, specific capacitance is 110F/g.
Embodiment 4
2g sucrose, 2g phosphoric acid are added respectively in 8g deionized water, then stir with 200r/min2 hours.
It is the air dry oven pre-reaction 20 hours of 180 DEG C that the mixed solution of homogeneous is placed in to temperature,Obtain solid mixture.
Pre-reaction product is placed in to high temperature carbonization stove, under nitrogen atmosphere, with the intensification of 1 DEG C/minSpeed is by temperature rise to 900 DEG C, and constant temperature carbonization 0.5 hour, then naturally cools to room temperature, systemObtain phosphorus doping porous carbon materials.
By phosphorus doping porous carbon materials (80wt%), conductive black Super-P (10wt%) and partially poly-PVF (10wt%) fully mixes by mortar lapping mode, then adds 50 times to poly-In the 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE of vinylidene quality, stir into pasty state. Employing platinized platinum is doneFor collector, the above-mentioned material mixing is evenly coated in to collector platinized platinum surface, by what makePole piece is 120 DEG C of vacuum drying 12 hours, then by dried pole piece at 1mol/LH2SO4ElectricitySeparate in liquid and soak 24 hours. Taking platinum electrode as to electrode, Ag/AgCl as reference electrode, adopt threeElectrode test method is under-0.1～0.9V voltage range, at 1mol/LH2SO4In solution, in differenceCurrent density under carry out loop test, this phosphorus doping porous carbon materials is at discharge current density 0.1A/gLower specific capacitance is 267F/g, and current density is that under 10A/g, specific capacitance is 160F/g.
Embodiment 5
2g glucose, 0.2g phosphoric acid are added respectively in 4g deionized water, then with 300r/minStir 4 hours.
It is the vacuum drying chamber pre-reaction 30 hours of 150 DEG C that the mixed solution of homogeneous is placed in to temperature,Obtain solid mixture.
Pre-reaction product is placed in to high temperature carbonization stove, under nitrogen atmosphere, with the intensification of 5 DEG C/minSpeed is by temperature rise to 700 DEG C, and constant temperature carbonization 5 hours, then naturally cools to room temperature, makesPhosphorus doping porous carbon materials.
By phosphorus doping porous carbon materials (80wt%), conductive black Super-P (10wt%) and partially poly-PVF (10wt%) fully mixes by mortar lapping mode, then adds 50 times to poly-In the 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE of vinylidene quality, stir into pasty state. Employing platinized platinum is doneFor collector, the above-mentioned material mixing is evenly coated in to collector platinized platinum surface, by what makePole piece is 120 DEG C of vacuum drying 12 hours, then by dried pole piece at 1mol/LH2SO4ElectricitySeparate in liquid and soak 24 hours. Taking platinum electrode as to electrode, Ag/AgCl as reference electrode, adopt threeElectrode test method is under-0.1～0.9V voltage range, at 1mol/LH2SO4In solution, in differenceCurrent density under carry out loop test, this phosphorus doping porous carbon materials is at discharge current density 0.1A/gLower specific capacitance is 74F/g, and current density is that under 10A/g, specific capacitance is 41F/g.
Embodiment 6
2g fructose, 0.2g phosphoric acid and 0.5g sulfuric acid are added respectively in 10g deionized water, then with250r/min stirs 2 hours.
It is the air dry oven pre-reaction 12 hours of 200 DEG C that the mixed solution of homogeneous is placed in to temperature,Obtain solid mixture.
Pre-reaction product is placed in to high temperature carbonization stove, under nitrogen atmosphere, with the intensification of 1 DEG C/minSpeed is by temperature rise to 900 DEG C, and constant temperature carbonization 2 hours, then naturally cools to room temperature, makesPhosphorus doping porous carbon materials.
By phosphorus doping porous carbon materials (80wt%), conductive black Super-P (10wt%) and partially poly-PVF (10wt%) fully mixes by mortar lapping mode, then adds 50 times to poly-In the 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE of vinylidene quality, stir into pasty state. Employing platinized platinum is doneFor collector, the above-mentioned material mixing is evenly coated in to collector platinized platinum surface, by what makePole piece is 120 DEG C of vacuum drying 12 hours, then by dried pole piece at 1mol/LH2SO4ElectricitySeparate in liquid and soak 24 hours. Taking platinum electrode as to electrode, Ag/AgCl as reference electrode, adopt threeElectrode test method is under-0.1～0.9V voltage range, at 1mol/LH2SO4In solution, in differenceCurrent density under carry out loop test, this phosphorus doping porous carbon materials is at discharge current density 0.1A/gLower specific capacitance is 127F/g, and current density is that under 10A/g, specific capacitance is 68F/g.
Embodiment 7
2g fructose, 0.5g phosphoric acid and 0.5g sulfuric acid are added respectively in 6g deionized water, then with300r/min stirs 1 hour.
It is the air dry oven pre-reaction 12 hours of 180 DEG C that the mixed solution of homogeneous is placed in to temperature,Obtain solid mixture.
Pre-reaction product is placed in to high temperature carbonization stove, under nitrogen atmosphere, with the intensification of 4 DEG C/minSpeed is by temperature rise to 750 DEG C, and constant temperature carbonization 3 hours, then naturally cools to room temperature, makesPhosphorus doping porous carbon materials.
By phosphorus doping porous carbon materials (80wt%), conductive black Super-P (10wt%) and partially poly-PVF (10wt%) fully mixes by mortar lapping mode, then adds 50 times to poly-In the 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE of vinylidene quality, stir into pasty state. Employing platinized platinum is doneFor collector, the above-mentioned material mixing is evenly coated in to collector platinized platinum surface, by what makePole piece is 120 DEG C of vacuum drying 12 hours, then by dried pole piece at 1mol/LH2SO4ElectricitySeparate in liquid and soak 24 hours. Taking platinum electrode as to electrode, Ag/AgCl as reference electrode, adopt threeElectrode test method is under-0.1～0.9V voltage range, at 1mol/LH2SO4In solution, in differenceCurrent density under carry out loop test, this phosphorus doping porous carbon materials is at discharge current density 0.1A/gLower specific capacitance is 185F/g, and current density is that under 10A/g, specific capacitance is 109F/g.
Embodiment 8
1g fructose, 0.5g glucose, 0.5g sucrose, 1.2g phosphoric acid and 1.5g sulfuric acid are added respectivelyIn 10g deionized water, then stir 2 hours with 300r/min.
It is the air dry oven pre-reaction 24 hours of 150 DEG C that the mixed solution of homogeneous is placed in to temperature,Obtain solid mixture.
Pre-reaction product is placed in to high temperature carbonization stove, under nitrogen atmosphere, with the intensification of 5 DEG C/minSpeed is by temperature rise to 800 DEG C, and constant temperature carbonization 1 hour, then naturally cools to room temperature, makesPhosphorus doping porous carbon materials.
By phosphorus doping porous carbon materials (80wt%), conductive black Super-P (10wt%) and partially poly-PVF (10wt%) fully mixes by mortar lapping mode, then adds 50 times to poly-In the 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE of vinylidene quality, stir into pasty state. Employing platinized platinum is doneFor collector, the above-mentioned material mixing is evenly coated in to collector platinized platinum surface, by what makePole piece is 120 DEG C of vacuum drying 12 hours, then by dried pole piece at 1mol/LH2SO4ElectricitySeparate in liquid and soak 24 hours. Taking platinum electrode as to electrode, Ag/AgCl as reference electrode, adopt threeElectrode test method is under-0.1～0.9V voltage range, at 1mol/LH2SO4In solution, in differenceCurrent density under carry out loop test, this phosphorus doping porous carbon materials is at discharge current density 0.1A/gLower specific capacitance is 312F/g, and current density is that under 10A/g, specific capacitance is 186F/g.
Claims (1)
1. a preparation method for phosphorus doping porous carbon materials for ultracapacitor, is characterized in that bagDraw together following steps:
(1) carbohydrate and inorganic acid 1～10 are added respectively in deionized water in mass ratio,The consumption of deionized water is 2～5 times of carbohydrate, then with the stirring of 100～500r/minSpeed stirs 1～5 hour;
(2) it is that the air blast of 100～200 DEG C is dry that mixed solution step (1) being obtained is placed in temperatureIn dry case, pre-reaction 12～48 hours, obtains solid mixture;
(3) pre-reaction product step (2) being obtained is placed in high temperature carbonization stove, at nitrogen gasUnder atmosphere, with the heating rate of 1～10 DEG C/min by temperature rise to 700～900 DEG C, constant temperature carbonization0.5～5 hour, then naturally cool to room temperature, make phosphorus doping porous carbon materials;
Described phosphorus doping porous carbon materials contain carbon 65～98wt%, oxygen element 1.5～23wt% and P elements 0.5～12wt%;
The inorganic acid of described step (1) is the combination of phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid;
The carbohydrate of described step (1) is one or more groups of glucose, sucrose and fructoseClose.
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| CN106467301A (en) * | 2015-08-13 | 2017-03-01 | 中国电力科学研究院 | A kind of lead carbon battery negative pole highly doped phosphorus absorbent charcoal material and preparation method thereof |
| CN106115652B (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2018-06-05 | 湘潭大学 | A kind of B and/or P, N codope perilla leaf porous carbon and preparation method thereof |
| CN106006599B (en) * | 2016-05-11 | 2018-06-12 | 浙江工业大学 | A kind of P of high S contents, S, the synthetic method of the meso-porous carbon material of N codopes and its application |
| CN106881121B (en) * | 2017-01-22 | 2019-07-02 | 天津大学 | A kind of phosphorus doping carbon material hydrogenation catalyst, Its Preparation Method And Use |
| CN106744803B (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2019-03-08 | 深圳大学 | A kind of method preparing porous carbon and porous carbon |
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| CN102583312A (en) * | 2012-02-09 | 2012-07-18 | 郑州大学 | Method for preparing porous carbon spheres doped with nitrogen and phosphorus and application |
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| CN102583312A (en) * | 2012-02-09 | 2012-07-18 | 郑州大学 | Method for preparing porous carbon spheres doped with nitrogen and phosphorus and application |
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