CN103712937A - Method for determining concentration of stable dispersion water solution C60 - Google Patents
Method for determining concentration of stable dispersion water solution C60 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103712937A CN103712937A CN201310690580.7A CN201310690580A CN103712937A CN 103712937 A CN103712937 A CN 103712937A CN 201310690580 A CN201310690580 A CN 201310690580A CN 103712937 A CN103712937 A CN 103712937A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for determining the concentration of stable dispersion water solution C60. The method comprises the steps of firstly, preparing different concentrations of C60-Toluene standard solution, determining the absorbance at the wavelength of 334-336nm, performing linear regression to the concentration values and corresponding absorbance value, thus obtaining a standard curve; then taking stable dispersion water solution C60 to be determined, adding calcium chloride solution and toluene, wherein the ratio of the stable dispersion water solution to calcium chloride solution to toluene is 1:(0.5-1):(0.5-2); sealing, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 10-15min to form white emulsion, oscillating and standing to obtain a two-layer solution, freezing for 30-60min in the condition of minus 20 DEG C so as to entirely condense the water phase to be in a solid state and keep an organic phase under a liquid state; entirely absorbing the organic phase solution, determining the absorbance, and calculating the concentration of the C60 according to the standard curve; repeating the steps, adding the concentrations of the C60 obtained by twice extraction, thus obtaining the final determined concentration of the stable dispersion water solution C60 to be determined. The method is simple and fast to operate, and capable of performing batch determination.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of nanometer material technology, be specifically related to a kind of determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry C that utilizes
60the method of stable dispersion concentration of aqueous solution.
Background technology
Since 1985 are found, C
60because its unique micro-nano structure and good mechanics, electrooptics and chemical property receive much concern.Become at present the novel nano-material that the various fields such as electronics, chemical industry, metallurgy, aerospace, military affairs, environmental protection, medical science and bioengineering are widely studied and applied.But C
60there is extremely strong hydrophobic nature and extremely low solubleness (<10
-12g/L), be difficult for being uniformly distributed in water, thereby limited its application in a plurality of fields.Given this, multiple preparation C
60the technology of stable dispersion aqueous solution is developed.These methods mainly can be divided into two classes: (1) solvent Shift Method, and first by C
60be dissolved in organic solvent (as, toluene, benzene, tetrahydrofuran etc.) in, then mix with ultrapure water, after the organic solution in mixed liquor is removed, obtain C
60stable dispersion aqueous solution; (2) time delay paddling process, is about to C
60powder directly adds in ultrapure water, stirs the sufficiently long time (being generally several weeks) rear filtration and removes remaining C
60solid, obtains C
60stable dispersion aqueous solution.
On the other hand, following C
60and the large-scale application of stable dispersion aqueous solution, also may make it in links such as production, transportation and uses, be leaked into water body, and stable existence is in water environment, produces potential environmental risk.Therefore, with C
60stable dispersion aqueous solution is object, carries out about C
60in water, the research of environmental behaviour and ecologic environment effect also becomes the study hotspot of current environment scientific domain.And C in stable dispersion aqueous solution
60the quantitative test of concentration is the basis of its application and association area scientific research.
People (Langmuir, 2006, the Aggregation and Deposition Kinetics of Fullerene (C such as Chen K L
60) Nanoparticles) adopt total organic carbon (TOC) analyser to measure by the method for high-temperature oxydation the C being prepared by solvent replacement method
60concentration in stable dispersion aqueous solution.But C not removed, be still adsorbed on to the method, in mensuration process, may will completely in preparation process
60on organic solvent simultaneous oxidation form TOC, make measurement result higher; While measuring, required sample size is larger simultaneously.
People (Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2008, the Quantification of C such as Chen Z
60fullerene concentrations in water) adopt the method for liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) coupling to measure C
60the concentration of stable dispersion aqueous solution.But the method, in mensuration process, has been used expensive large-scale instrument-LC/MS combined instrument, and in preprocessing process, relate to complicated Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE) operation.
Liu believes and bravely waits people (Chinese science and technology paper is online, 2009, preparation and the method for measurement of concentration thereof of artificial carbon nanomaterial suspension) to adopt gravimetric determination C
60the concentration of stable dispersion aqueous solution.But the method: (1) take insolubles in isolated by filtration process for preparation the poor method of constant weight quality measurement as basis, prepares in stable dispersion aqueous solution process inapplicable at solvent Shift Method; (2) C in the aqueous dispersion that generally, prepared by time delay paddling process
60content very low (being about 1～2mg/L left and right), loaded down with trivial details filtration, constant weight process, easily introduce outer source error, makes accuracy and the precision measured be difficult to be protected.
People (the Environmental Science & Technology such as Lyon D Y, 2006, Antibacterial activity of fullerene water suspensions:effects of preparation method and particle size) utilize C
60be soluble in toluene, and C
60toluene solution has the characteristic of characteristic absorption peak (334～336nm) under ultraviolet wavelength, adopts determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry C
60the concentration of stable dispersion aqueous solution.The method is convenient, quick, without expensive large-scale instrument, can meet the conventional sense needs of batch samples, has become current C
60the method for measurement of concentration that stable dispersion aqueous solution is the most conventional.But only carry out 1 extraction in the method operating process, classes of agents adds not optimization of dose ratio, and only adopt the form of vibration to carry out, be difficult to guarantee C
60extraction enters organic phase completely, thereby has the on the low side and poor problem of precision of measurement result.In addition, in the method, selecting magnesium perchlorate is C
60the coagulant of extraction process, this medicament is strong oxidizer, can be combustion-supporting, and eyes, skin, mucous membrane and the upper respiratory tract are had to spread effect, make mensuration process have certain security risk.
Summary of the invention
, accurately C quick, convenient for lacking at present
60the present situation of stable dispersion concentration of aqueous solution assay method, the invention provides a kind of method, can measure efficiently, accurately C in stable dispersion aqueous solution
60concentration, thereby promote C
60in the deep application in each field and the research of environmental behaviour in water thereof.
To achieve these goals, the technological means that the present invention adopts is: a kind of mensuration C
60the method of stable dispersion concentration of aqueous solution, step is as follows:
1) foundation of typical curve: the C of preparation variable concentrations
60-toluene standard solution is that 334～336nm place measures each concentration C at ultraviolet wavelength
60-toluene standard solution absorbance, carries out linear regression to concentration value and corresponding absorbance, obtains typical curve;
2) get C to be measured
60stable dispersion aqueous solution, adds calcium chloride solution and toluene, and three's volume ratio is 1:(0.5 ~ 1): (0.5 ~ 2); Sealing, ultrasonic dispersion 10～15min forms white emulsion fluid, then is placed on oscillator, and quick oscillation standingly obtains as clear as crystal Dualayer solution, and upper organic phase is extraction C
60after toluene solution, lower floor is water; Then be placed in freezing 30～60min under-20 ℃ of conditions, water be condensed into completely solid-state, and upper organic phase keeps liquid; By the complete sucking-off of upper organic phase solution, at wavelength 334～336nm place, measure absorbance, reference standard opisometer is calculated C
60concentration;
3) until step 2) after water melts, add and step 2) toluene of same volume, re-extract and mensuration process, obtain C in the 2nd extraction gained stable dispersion aqueous solution to be measured
60concentration; By C in twice extraction gained stable dispersion aqueous solution
60concentration addition, obtains C to be measured
60stable dispersion aqueous solution is finally measured concentration.
Described calcium chloride solution concentration is 0.1 moL/L.
Described C to be measured
60stable dispersion aqueous solution, three's volume ratio of calcium chloride solution and toluene is 1:1:1.
Described hunting speed is 300 r/min, and duration of oscillation is 30min.
Described ultrasonic jitter time is 15min.
beneficial effect:
The invention provides a kind of mensuration C
60the method of stable dispersion concentration of aqueous solution, can measure C prepared by the whole bag of tricks exactly by the method
60the content of stable dispersion aqueous solution.This method is measured key steps such as comprising under toluene extraction and ultraviolet wavelength absorbance measurement, easy and simple to handle, quick, without expensive large-scale instrument, can carry out batch mensuration; In extraction process, introduced the step of ultrasonic dispersion, made extraction process more rapid, complete; Employing lime chloride is coagulant, has improved the security of measurement operation process; Provide extraction process various reagent optimal proportions, and sample is carried out to extraction and determination concentration 2 times, take concentration and be ultimate density value, reduced the error that extraction not exclusively brings, precision, accuracy are high, are a kind of mensuration C
60the effective ways of stable dispersion concentration of aqueous solution, can promote C
60in the deep application in each field and the research of environmental behaviour in water thereof.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1. adopt Cary 50 type ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometers, the C setting up at wavelength 335nm place
60-toluene standard solution typical curve.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is further described.
(1) take 50mg nano high purity C
60(>=99.9%) powder, mixes with appropriate toluene, is placed in shaking table and shakes 12h, guarantees C
60dissolve completely, then proceed in 500mL volumetric flask, constant volume also mixes, and obtains the C that concentration is 100mg/L
60-toluene standard reserving solution.
(2) measure respectively the C that the concentration of 0.125mL, 0.25mL, 0.5 mL, 1mL, 1.25mL, 2.5mL and 5mL is 100mg/L
60-toluene standard reserving solution joins in 25mL color comparison tube, and with toluene, each color comparison tube is settled to 25mL scale place.Obtain a series of C
60-toluene standard solution, its C
60concentration is followed successively by 0.5 mg/L, 1mg/L, 2mg/L, 4mg/L, 5mg/L, 10mg/L and 20 mg/L.
(3) adopt Cary 50 type ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometers, at ultraviolet wavelength 335nm(characteristic peak) locate to measure respectively each concentration C
60the absorbance of-toluene standard solution, carries out linear fit (as shown in Figure 1) according to concentration and corresponding absorbance, obtains working curve y=16.832x-0.0652; In formula, x is C
60-toluene solution is in the absorbance at 335nm place, and y is C
60concentration.
(4) get C to be measured
604mL is in vial for stable dispersion aqueous solution, adds 0.1moL/L calcium chloride solution 4mL and toluene 4mL, makes C
60the volume ratio of stable dispersion aqueous solution, calcium chloride solution and toluene is 1:1:1, mixes rapidly after sealing.
(5) vial that fills mixed liquor is placed in to the ultrasonic dispersion of ultrasonic oscillator 15min, makes solution become white emulsion fluid, be then placed on oscillator, with 300r/min quick oscillation 30min, after standing 10min, obtain as clear as crystal Dualayer solution.
(6) vial that fills layering solution is placed in to freezing 60min under-20 ℃ of conditions, makes in bottle that water is completely freezing to be condensed into solid-stately, and C is contained on upper strata
60toluene still keep mutually liquid; By the complete sucking-off of upper organic phase, measure 335nm place and measure ultraviolet absorptivity, and contrast with typical curve, can obtain C in stable dispersion aqueous solution
60concentration, is designated as C
1.
(7) after the 1st aqueous phase extracted melted, add and step (4) in same volume toluene, and identical extraction and mensuration process in repeating step (5), step (6), can obtain C in the 2nd extraction gained stable dispersion aqueous solution to be measured
60concentration, is designated as C
2.
(8) by twice extraction gained concentration addition, obtain C in stable dispersion aqueous solution to be measured
60final concentration C, the i.e. C=C of measuring
1+ C
2.
With the present invention, measure solvent Shift Method and prepare C
60the concentration of stable dispersion aqueous solution.
With the C that adopts solvent Shift Method to prepare
60stable dispersion aqueous solution is determination object, gets 5 parts of parallel sample, and by step (4)-step (8) operation in above-mentioned embodiment, measurement result is in Table 1 respectively.As seen from table, sample acquired results deviation prepared by put forward the methods mensuration solvent Shift Method of the present invention is very low, has good precision.
Table 1
| |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | Mean value | Standard deviation | Relative standard deviation |
| Measured value mg/L | 7.471 | 7.426 | 7.383 | 7.462 | 7.391 | 7.427 | 0.040 | 0.5% |
Embodiment 2
With the present invention, measure time delay paddling process and prepare C
60the concentration of stable dispersion aqueous solution.
With the C that adopts time delay paddling process to prepare
60stable dispersion aqueous solution is determination object, and by step (4)-step (8) operation in above-mentioned embodiment, measurement result is in Table 2.As seen from table, sample acquired results deviation prepared by put forward the methods mensuration time delay paddling process of the present invention is very low, has good precision.
Table 2
| |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | Mean value | Standard deviation | Relative standard deviation |
| Measured value mg/L | 1.828 | 1.883 | 1.902 | 1.825 | 1.910 | 1.870 | 0.041 | 2.2% |
Embodiment 3
Adopt put forward the methods step of the present invention (1)-step (6), the C preparing with solvent Shift Method
60stable dispersion aqueous solution is determination object, add with step (4) in lime chloride and the toluene of different volumes ratio, make C in extraction process
60the volume ratio of stable dispersion aqueous solution, calcium chloride solution and toluene is 1:1:1,1:0.5:1,1:1:0.5,1:1:2, and every kind of method is got 5 parts of parallel sample, extracts 1 time, and measurement result is in Table 3.According to measurement result, choose the C that extraction is best
60the volume ratio 1:1:1 of stable dispersion aqueous solution, calcium chloride solution and toluene, extracts more completely, and acquired results deviation is little, and method precision is high, and extractant consumption is not high.
Table 3
| | Sample number | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | Mean value | Standard deviation | Relative standard deviation | |
| 1:1:1 | Measured value mg/L | 6.715 | 6.663 | 6.722 | 6.741 | 6.831 | 6.734 | 0.061 | 0.9% | |
| 1:0.5:1 | Measured value mg/L | 6.326 | 6.334 | 6.472 | 6.421 | 6.472 | 6.405 | 0.071 | 1.1% | |
| 1: 1: 0.5 | Measured value mg/L | 6.451 | 6.446 | 6.517 | 6.605 | 6.423 | 6.488 | 0.074 | 1.1% | |
| 1:1:2 | Measured value mg/L | 6.689 | 6.663 | 6.756 | 6.762 | 6.813 | 6.737 | 0.060 | 0.9% |
Embodiment 4
Adopt put forward the methods of the present invention, the C preparing with solvent Shift Method
60stable dispersion aqueous solution is determination object, according to the step in embodiment (6), the vial that fills layering solution is placed in to freezing 60min under-20 ℃ of conditions, makes in bottle that water is completely freezing to be condensed into solid-stately, and C is contained on upper strata
60toluene still keep mutually liquid; By the complete sucking-off of upper organic phase, measure 335nm place and measure ultraviolet absorptivity, and contrast with typical curve, can obtain C in stable dispersion aqueous solution
60concentration, is designated as C
1.After the 1st aqueous phase extracted melted, add and step (4) in same volume toluene, and identical extraction and mensuration process in repeating step (5), step (6), can obtain C in the 2nd extraction gained stable dispersion aqueous solution to be measured
60concentration, is designated as C
2.After the 2nd aqueous phase extracted melted, add and step (4) in same volume toluene, and identical extraction and mensuration process in repeating step (5), step (6), can obtain C in the 3rd extraction gained stable dispersion aqueous solution to be measured
60concentration, is designated as C
3.Extract 1 time resulting C
60concentration is C
1, extract 2 times resulting C
60concentration is C
1+ C
2, extraction 3 is resulting C
60concentration is C
1+ C
2+ C
3.Get 5 parts of parallel sample, by this step operation, measurement result is in Table 4.According to measurement result, extract compare with 3 times for 2 times extraction 1 gained concentration high, deviation is little, show extraction more complete, method precision is high; Extract 2 times and differ very little with 3 results of extraction, but extraction makes for 3 times the running time increase, process is comparatively loaded down with trivial details, therefore choose best extraction times, is 2 times.
Table 4
| Extraction | Sample number | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | Mean value | Standard deviation | Relative |
|
| 1 time | Measured value mg/L | 6.715 | 6.663 | 6.722 | 6.741 | 6.831 | 6.734 | 0.061 | 0.9% | |
| 2 times | Measured value mg/L | 7.471 | 7.426 | 7.383 | 7.462 | 7.391 | 7.427 | 0.040 | 0.5% | |
| 3 times | Measured value mg/L | 7.482 | 7.441 | 7.403 | 7.468 | 7.393 | 7.437 | 0.039 | 0.5% |
The current the most conventional and C the most close with the present invention
60stable dispersion concentration of aqueous solution assay method is people (the Environmental Science & Technology such as Lyon D Y, 2006, Antibacterial activity of fullerene water suspensions:effects of preparation method and particle size) propose ultraviolet spectrophotometry, the method step is:
(1) take 50mg nano high purity C
60(>=99.9%) powder, mixes with appropriate toluene, is placed in shaking table and shakes 12h, guarantees C
60dissolve completely, then proceed in 500mL volumetric flask, constant volume also mixes, and obtains the C that concentration is 100mg/L
60-toluene standard reserving solution.
(2) measure respectively the C that the concentration of 0.125mL, 0.25mL, 0.5 mL, 1mL, 1.25mL, 2.5mL and 5mL is 100mg/L
60-toluene standard reserving solution joins in 25mL color comparison tube, and with toluene, each color comparison tube is settled to 25mL scale place.Obtain a series of C
60-toluene standard solution, its C
60concentration is followed successively by 0.5 mg/L, 1mg/L, 2mg/L, 4mg/L, 5mg/L, 10mg/L and 20 mg/L.
(3) adopt Cary 50 type ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometers, at ultraviolet wavelength 335nm(characteristic peak) locate to measure respectively each concentration C
60the absorbance of-toluene standard solution, carries out linear fit (as shown in Figure 1) according to concentration and corresponding absorbance, obtains working curve y=16.831x-0.0652; In formula, x is C
60-toluene solution is in the absorbance at 335nm place, and y is C
60concentration.
(4) get C to be measured
604mL is in vial for stable dispersion aqueous solution, adds 0.1moL/L magnesium perchlorate solution 2mL and toluene 4mL, makes C
60the volume ratio of stable dispersion aqueous solution, magnesium perchlorate solution and toluene is 2:1:2.
(5) vial that fills mixed liquor is placed on oscillator, with 300r/min quick oscillation 2h.
(6) vial that fills layering solution is placed under-20 ℃ of conditions freezingly, until water is completely freezing in bottle, is condensed into solid-stately, and C is contained on upper strata
60toluene still keep mutually liquid; By the complete sucking-off of upper organic phase, measure 335nm place and measure ultraviolet absorptivity, and contrast with typical curve, can obtain C in stable dispersion aqueous solution
60concentration.
The C preparing with solvent Shift Method
60stable dispersion aqueous solution is determination object, gets 5 parts of parallel sample, and by this step operation, measurement result is in Table 5.As seen from table, sample the method measurement result of preparing for solvent Shift Method is compared Lower result with put forward the methods of the present invention, and deviation is larger.
Table 5
| |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | Mean value | Standard deviation | Relative standard deviation |
| Measured value mg/L | 6.318 | 6.279 | 6.386 | 6.412 | 6.266 | 6.332 | 0.065 | 1.0% |
Embodiment 6
Adopt the ultraviolet spectrophotometry in embodiment 5, the C preparing with time delay paddling process
60stable dispersion aqueous solution is determination object, gets 5 parts of parallel sample, and by this step operation, measurement result is in Table 6.As seen from table, sample the method measurement result of preparing for time delay paddling process is compared Lower result with put forward the methods of the present invention, and deviation is larger.
Table 6
| |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | Mean value | Standard deviation | Relative standard deviation |
| Measured value mg/L | 1.724 | 1.638 | 1.771 | 1.686 | 1.615 | 1.687 | 0.063 | 3.8% |
Claims (5)
1. measure C for one kind
60the method of stable dispersion concentration of aqueous solution, is characterized in that step is as follows:
1) foundation of typical curve: the C of preparation variable concentrations
60-toluene standard solution is that 334～336nm place measures each concentration C at ultraviolet wavelength
60-toluene standard solution absorbance, carries out linear regression to concentration value and corresponding absorbance, obtains typical curve;
2) get C to be measured
60stable dispersion aqueous solution, add calcium chloride solution and toluene, three's volume ratio is 1:(0.5 ~ 1): (0.5 ~ 2), sealing, ultrasonic dispersion 10～15min forms white emulsion fluid, vibration, the standing Dualayer solution that obtains, be placed in freezing 30～60min under-20 ℃ of conditions, water be condensed into completely solid-state, and organic phase keeps liquid; By the complete sucking-off of organic phase solution, at wavelength 334～336nm place, measure absorbance, reference standard opisometer is calculated C
60concentration;
3) until step 2) after water melts, add and step 2) toluene of same volume, repeating above-mentioned extraction and mensuration process, reference standard curve calculation draws extraction C the 2nd time
60concentration; By twice extraction gained C
60concentration addition, obtains C to be measured
60stable dispersion aqueous solution is finally measured concentration.
2. a kind of mensuration C described in claim 1
60the method of stable dispersion concentration of aqueous solution, is characterized in that: described calcium chloride solution concentration is 0.1 moL/L.
3. a kind of mensuration C described in claim 1
60the method of stable dispersion concentration of aqueous solution, is characterized in that: described C to be measured
60stable dispersion aqueous solution, three's volume ratio of calcium chloride solution and toluene is 1:1:1.
4. a kind of mensuration C described in claim 1
60the method of stable dispersion concentration of aqueous solution, is characterized in that: described hunting speed is 300 r/min, and duration of oscillation is 30min.
5. a kind of mensuration C described in claim 1
60the method of stable dispersion concentration of aqueous solution, is characterized in that: described ultrasonic jitter time is 15min.
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| CN104048932A (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2014-09-17 | 苏州康铭诚业医用科技有限公司 | Method for testing content of glycol phenylate |
| CN106153498A (en) * | 2015-04-22 | 2016-11-23 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of new method detecting solute concentration in solution and device thereof |
| CN106680230A (en) * | 2017-01-06 | 2017-05-17 | 中国科学院化学研究所 | Method for measuring content of C60 or C70 in fullerene oil |
| CN106841529A (en) * | 2017-03-10 | 2017-06-13 | 南京信息工程大学 | A kind of method for determining carbon nanotubes aqueous dispersion concentration |
| CN106950188A (en) * | 2017-03-10 | 2017-07-14 | 南京信息工程大学 | A kind of method of suspended dispersed fullerene concentration in measure natural water body |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104048932A (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2014-09-17 | 苏州康铭诚业医用科技有限公司 | Method for testing content of glycol phenylate |
| CN106153498A (en) * | 2015-04-22 | 2016-11-23 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of new method detecting solute concentration in solution and device thereof |
| CN106680230A (en) * | 2017-01-06 | 2017-05-17 | 中国科学院化学研究所 | Method for measuring content of C60 or C70 in fullerene oil |
| CN106680230B (en) * | 2017-01-06 | 2019-10-22 | 北京福纳康生物技术有限公司 | The content assaying method of C60 or C70 during a kind of fullerene is oily |
| CN106841529A (en) * | 2017-03-10 | 2017-06-13 | 南京信息工程大学 | A kind of method for determining carbon nanotubes aqueous dispersion concentration |
| CN106950188A (en) * | 2017-03-10 | 2017-07-14 | 南京信息工程大学 | A kind of method of suspended dispersed fullerene concentration in measure natural water body |
| CN106950188B (en) * | 2017-03-10 | 2019-06-18 | 南京信息工程大学 | A kind of method of suspended dispersed fullerene concentration in measurement natural water body |
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