Summary of the invention
The present invention has developed the electricity-generating method of existing Gas-steam Combined Cycle, improve for the existing association circulating power generation system being representative with 9FA level combustion engine combined cycle system, high pressure reheating and cooling during rolling process is added in combustion gas circulation, and improve in vapor recycle mode for a utilization for cold and hot amount, this power generation system combined cycle efficiency is made to improve 3 to 5 percentage points than based on the combined cycle of F level gas turbine, unit output power improves more than 70%, reaches 800MW level; Invention also provides improved high pressure reheating integrated gas-steam combined cycle power plant method.
For realizing above goal of the invention, the present invention transforms existing 9FA combustion engine combined cycle, adds high pressure reheating and cooling during rolling two processes in the original simple brayton cycle of gas turbine, forms the gas turbine engine systems carrying out complicated brayton cycle; Vapor recycle part boiler circuit is improved, inter cooler cooled water heat energy is recycled in vapor recycle; Fig. 2 is shown in thermodynamic cycle of the present invention and the contrast of existing 9FA and GT26 combined cycle system, and compare existing system, the present invention's increase more obvious than merit, overall cycle efficiency also can obtain certain lifting.
Technological scheme of the present invention is specially:
(1) the inventive method is, step comprises:
Combustion gas circulates.Based on brayton cycle, pass into pressurized air and fuel mix is burnt, the high-temperature fuel gas turbine acting pushing generator generating of generation, exhaust imports vapor recycle recovery waste heat; Described air is excess air, and compression process is two-stage, is depressed into first class pressure, is depressed into secondary pressure with two-stage compressor with one-level gas compressor, the maximum pressure after this pressure and air compressing; Through the cold process of at least one inter-stage between air two stage compression; Add thermal process again in described combustion gas circulation, once combustion gas twice turbine acting in circulation, by the combustion gas reheating reduced by pressure after high-pressure gas turbine, then by middle pressure combustion gas turbine.
Vapor recycle.Based on Rankine cycle, using combustion gas circulating exhaust waste heat as thermal source, generated electricity by steam acting pushing generator.
Based on a kind of power generation system of this electricity-generating method, be made up of gas turbine subtense angle and steam turbine subtense angle, gas turbine subtense angle comprises medium voltage network and high-pressure system, medium voltage network comprises one-level gas compressor, middle pressure burner room and middle pressure combustion gas turbine, high-pressure system comprises two-stage compressor, high compression combustion chamber and high-pressure gas turbine, is provided with at least one grade of inter cooler between firsts and seconds gas compressor; Air enters high compression combustion chamber combustion heating, enters middle pressure burner room after high-temperature fuel gas high pressure turbine after sequentially passing through described I and II gas compressor two stage compression, intermediate pressure turbine acting after reheating; Medium voltage network relief opening is communicated with steam turbine subtense angle, is vented and reclaims heat at steam turbine subtense angle.
(2) power generation system Gen Ju (1) and method, arranging air first class pressure during operational system is 1.5-2.4MPa, and secondary pressure is 6-20MPa; Arrange the cold process of an inter-stage, a cold temperature is 100-200 DEG C.
(3) power generation system Gen Ju (2) and method, during operational system, parameter is set to further, and described high-pressure gas turbine intake temperature is 1000-1500 DEG C, and middle pressure combustion gas turbine intake temperature is 1200-1500 DEG C.
(4) power generation system Gen Ju any one of (1) to (3) and method, for improving combined cycle efficiency further, the cooling water of cold process between described is introduced in described vapor recycle, the heat exchanged when recycling water quench pressurized air in vapor recycle.In corresponding power generation system, the cooling water of inter cooler is communicated with steam turbine subtense angle.
(5) power generation system Gen Ju any one of (1) to (4) and method, the steam turbine subtense angle carrying out vapor recycle in power generation process uses waste heat boiler type, comprises exhaust heat boiler and steam turbine; Exhaust heat boiler is used for reclaiming, changing and utilize the exhaust heat of gas turbine, normally the composition such as heat exchange tube bundle and container such as drum, economizer, vaporizer, superheater and header.
(6) power generation system Gen Ju any one of (1) to (5) and method, use three-pressure reheat formula exhaust heat boiler and steam turbine in power generation process further; Three pressure type water supply structures are divided into high, medium and low setting-out three tunnel, classification heat absorption of feeding water in exhaust heat boiler, have passed through the overheated three phases of the heating of water, saturation water evaporation and saturated vapour; Steam turbine is provided with high, medium and low voltage three cylinders, is connected the reheater in exhaust heat boiler between high-pressure cylinder relief opening with intermediate pressure cylinder suction port, and high-pressure cylinder steam discharge, after reheater reheating, enters intermediate pressure cylinder acting.
(7) power generation system Gen Ju (6) and method, by the high pressure water circuit of the cooling water access three-pressure reheat formula vapor recycle in a cold process.In corresponding power generation system, inter cooler cooling water flow can be selected to be communicated with the high pressure gas bag in exhaust heat boiler, the high-pressure feed water that cooling water becomes components vaporize after inter cooler heat absorption enters HP steam drum, directly mix from the high-pressure feed water of steam turbine subtense angle with another part and vaporize, enter high pressure carbonated drink flow process.Due to adding of a cold water, the high-pressure feed water amount in three pressure feedwater improves a lot, and high-pressure feed water proportion more general three-pressure reheat water supply system is high.
(8) according to the power generation system Gen Ju any one of (6) to (7) and method, in described vapour-cycling, high, medium and low three road pressure are set to 9.63MPa, 2.16MPa and 0.367MPa respectively.
(9) power generation system Gen Ju (8) and method, arrange first class pressure 1.54MPa, secondary pressure 14MPa, a cold temperature 100 DEG C, and high-pressure gas turbine intake temperature and middle pressure combustion gas turbine intake temperature are 1325 DEG C.Now, the combined cycle efficiency of described power generation system is the highest.
(10) power generation system Gen Ju any one of (1) to (9) and method, by belong in medium voltage network press combustion gas turbine and one-level gas compressor coaxially arranged, the high-pressure gas turbine and the two-stage compressor that belong to high-pressure system are coaxially arranged, and combustion gas turbine and generator adopt clutch or other usual way connecting shaft.High-pressure system and medium voltage network can all coaxially be arranged, and make high pressure, middle pressure combustion gas turbine and two stage compressor all coaxial; Also can arrange by split axle, one-level gas compressor and two machine gas compressors are distributed in disalignment, separately respectively with middle pressure combustion gas turbine and high-pressure gas turbine coaxial, form independently high-pressure system and medium voltage network, when split axle is arranged, can select flexibly whether to start high-pressure system by load during system cloud gray model, gas compressor can be avoided to be put into the situation that the same axis causes gas turbine to drag simultaneously, reduce and start difficulty.
For the concrete selection of described vapor recycle subtense angle, general, when delivery temperature is lower than 538 DEG C under nominal power for gas turbine, then single pressure or the multiple pressure of adopting without the boiler circuit of reheating more; When combustion turbine exhaustion temperature is higher than 538 DEG C, then can adopt the boiler circuit of reheat vapor cycle; When combustion turbine exhaustion temperature is higher than 593 DEG C, then can adopt the boiler circuit that three-pressure reheat circulates.The present invention uses 9FA level gas turbine as benchmark, and delivery temperature is 650 DEG C, has therefore selected three-pressure reheat formula steam circulation.
For the Operational Limits in power generation system of the present invention and method, the present invention is directed to high pressure reheating Gas-steam Combined Cycle and carry out parameter optimization, find the parameter of the optimization run based on present system, reach best combined cycle efficiency.
The present invention uses aspenplus software to carry out modeling to current 9FA level Combined cycle gas-steam turbine unit, GT26 unit and power generation system of the present invention, carries out parameter optimization by computational analysis to power generation system of the present invention, determines best operating mode.
Before present system analog computation, first modeling is carried out to existing 9FA level Combined cycle gas-steam turbine unit, GT26 unit.
ISO operating mode is adopted, ambient temperature 15 DEG C, atmospheric pressure 0.10135MPa, relative humidity of atomsphere 60% during system simulation.With reference to the Operational Limits that 9FA system is announced, determine that inlet air parameter is 0.1MPa/15 DEG C/678.5kg/s, after compressor compresses, combustion gas parameter is 1.54MPa/404.5 DEG C/678.5kg/s, and entrance combustion gas parameter is 1.54MPa/15 DEG C/16.8kg/s; It is 1.54MPa/1325 DEG C/695.3kg/s that burning generates high-temperature fuel gas parameter, and the tail gas parameter after combustion gas turbine is 0.105MPa/650 DEG C/695.3kg.Combustion engine acting is 314MW.Vapor portion is three-pressure reheat formula, and pressure rank is 9.63MPa, 2.16MPa, 0.367MPa respectively.High-pressure cylinder steam inlet condition is 9.63MPa/540 DEG C/90.8kg/s; High-pressure cylinder steam discharge parameter 2.16MPa/321 DEG C/90.8kg/s; Intermediate pressure cylinder steam inlet condition 2.16MPa/540 DEG C/104.2kg/s; Low pressure (LP) cylinder steam inlet condition 0.367MPa/300.3 DEG C/121.5kg/s; Steam discharge parameter 0.00484MPa/35.5 DEG C/121.5kg/s.The total output work of steam turbine is 160.7MW.
Analog result is gathered and contrasts with existing 9FA level association system parameter, as shown in table 1.
Table 1: existing 9FA system and aspen analog parameter contrast
Project |
Existing 9FA type combined cycle system |
Aspen simulates baseline system |
Air mass flow |
638.5kg/s |
678.5kg/s |
Gas discharge |
16.8kg/s |
16.8kg/s |
Pressure ratio |
15.4 |
15.4 |
Combustion gas turbine intake temperature |
1325℃ |
1325℃ |
Delivery temperature |
609℃ |
658℃ |
Temperature of exhaust fume |
83℃ |
82℃ |
Combustion engine is exerted oneself |
304MW |
307MW |
Total output work |
472MW |
468MW |
Combustion engine efficiency |
37.23% |
37.56% |
Combined cycle efficiency |
57.74% |
57.20% |
As shown in Table 1, aspen analog system efficiency and actual 9FA system effectiveness are more or less the same, parameters relatively, simulation comparatively meet existing 9FA system, therefore the present invention select aspen to simulate 9FA system as baseline system.
For GT26 system, basis of reference system carries out optimum configurations, and analog result and existing GT26 system contrast as shown in table 2.
Table 2: existing GT26 system and aspen analog parameter contrast
Project |
Existing GT26 system |
Aspen analog system |
Air mass flow |
545.6kg/s |
540kg/s |
Gas discharge |
16.4kg/s |
12.99kg/s |
Pressure ratio |
30 |
30 |
Combustion gas turbine intake temperature |
1255℃ |
1235℃ |
Reheat temperature |
1255℃ |
1235℃ |
Delivery temperature |
630℃ |
605℃ |
Combustion engine is exerted oneself |
262MW |
267MW |
Total output work |
398MW |
380MW |
KA-26 combined cycle efficiency |
57.0% |
60.03% |
For analog result, it should be noted that, the running parameter that GT26 announces sets different from benchmark of the present invention, and after adopting capacity, flow and the general configuration identical with present system, GT26 efficiency in aspen simulation there has also been rising, reaches 60.03%.
Generally, investigate aspen simulation and real system result, can think that Percent of contact area reaches Parameter analysis requirement.
In analog computation process, the integrated combination cycle efficiency of three parameters to present system is had to have significant impact: first class pressure, secondary pressure and a cold rear air temperature.Carry out parameter optimization by variable element experiment, thus find out and make most effective optimum value.Table 3 is depicted as most effective relevant parameter.
Table 3: most effective relevant parameter table
From data in table 3, at air first class pressure 1.5-2.4MPa, secondary pressure is 6-20MPa, and when a cold temperature is 100-200 DEG C, running present system all has preferably combined cycle efficiency.
Preferably, when first class pressure is 1.5-2MPa, secondary pressure is 9-18MPa, between cold temperature 100 DEG C, present system is when this parameter section operation, and combined cycle efficiency, higher than 60.36%, is better than 60.03% efficiency value of the GT26 system using baseline system parameter of the present invention;
Preferred further, when first class pressure is 1.54MPa, when secondary pressure is 14MPa, present system combustion engine efficiency can reach 42.96%, and combined cycle efficiency reaches the highest 61.22%.
After optimal parameter is analyzed, carry out Variable Condition Analysis.There is high and medium voltage two-stage system in present system, thus adjusts high, middle pressure combustion gas turbine intake temperature respectively, can obtain the efficiency of system under different operating mode.By gathering data, converged into table 4.
Table 4: the efficiency at different high pressure temperature
From data in table 4, high-pressure gas turbine intake temperature is 1000-1500 DEG C, and when middle pressure combustion gas turbine intake temperature is 1200-1500 DEG C, present system has preferably combined cycle efficiency.
Preferably, when selection high and medium voltage combustion gas turbine intake temperature is identical, the intake temperature of replying first turbine is made it by the burning of combustion gas reheating, and when control temperature is 1325 DEG C, relatively the highest cycle efficiency can be obtained, now total output work 817MW of combined cycle system, combustion engine efficiency 42.96%, combined cycle efficiency reaches 61.22%.It should be noted that, although shown in table 4, high pressure temperature is increased to 1500 DEG C and can obtains higher efficiency, but this temperature is beyond the F level combustion engine scope of benchmark of the present invention, and raising temperature has more harsh requirement to system process, bring extra cost, therefore improve temperature with obtain more high efficiency be not native system invented party to, therefore do not select 1500 DEG C of data to be optimum condition parameter.
In addition, based on the selectable gas turbine high-pressure system of the present invention and medium voltage network split axle set-up mode, one-level gas compressor is coaxial with intermediate pressure turbine, and medium voltage network forms common F level combustion engine unit, and high-pressure system can be considered the extra high-pressure section increased.Can isolated operation medium voltage network during low-load, now, present system is similar to common 9FA level Combined Cycle Unit.
In sum, present system has following main feature:
1. high pressure reheating.Present invention uses heat structure again, different from common reheating embrittlement, air high-pressure during present system optimum operation up to 14MPa, far above common F level combustion engine (1.5-2MPa) and reheating embrittlement (about 3MPa).The present invention arranges one-level gas compressor compressed air pressure to common combustion engine pressure rank, and two-stage compressor pressurized air is to the high pressure rank of application claims;
2. inter cooler heat recovery.Owing to present invention employs the high pressure of 14MPa, greatly increase the heat loss in air compressing process.Thus native system is provided with inter cooler, reduces two-stage compressor inlet air temperature, reduces compressor wasted work.In addition, in order to utilize this part heat, native system is provided with inter cooler heat recovery section, the cooling water of inter cooler is introduced exhaust heat boiler and is used, make cycle efficiency higher;
3. split axle is arranged.The present invention can select high-pressure system and medium voltage network split axle to arrange.Be separated by high-pressure system and medium voltage network structure, make Starting mode more flexible, can select to start high-pressure system according to load; Two gas compressors are distributed in disalignment simultaneously, can avoid putting the situation that when being distributed on same axle, gas turbine cannot drag, and reduce gas burning system and start difficulty.
The present invention is compared with common F level Combined Cycle Unit.Invention increases reheating and a SAPMAC method device, during operation, the maximum pressure of air compressing is far above common F level unit, and when optimum efficiency is run, efficiency exceeds more than 3 percentage points than common F level unit, and single-machine capacity exceeds 73%, reaches 817MW.
The present invention is compared with GT26 unit.GT26 uses subsonic compressor by air first compression to conventional combustion engine pressure ratio (3MPa) of twice, very high to apparatus and process requirement, involves great expense; The present invention adopt band intercooled two stage compression, by air compressing 14MPa, realize more high pressure ratio, structure is but easy to realize and cost is lower.Air is pressed into annular environmental protection firing chamber with the high pressure doubling conventional combustion engine pressure ratio by one group of 22 grades of efficient subsonic compressor by GT26, without cooling during rolling, involves great expense.Meanwhile, the design of environmental protection firing chamber can reduce the discharge amount of NOx.The present invention adds reheat vapor cycle and cooling during rolling circulation in the simple combustion gas round-robin basis of existing 9FA gas turbine, and what system adopted is multiaxis many combustion engine unit composition " machine group ", technically more easily realize, and cost is lower.Compared with the efficiency 60.03% when running under GT26 reference base condition of the present invention, present system efficiency is high 1.2 percentage points, and compared with the GT26 system of actual motion, it is more that efficiency improves.
When the present invention owing to running near optimal parameter, improve combined cycle efficiency, when sending same charge, gas consumption more common F level gas Combined Cycle Unit has certain minimizing, thus the more common unit of cost of electricity-generating also has certain reduction, table 5 is contrasted novel high-pressure re-heating subsystem and common F level combustion engine system by correlation computations, and in table, partial data adopts approximative value.
Table 5: economic analysis of the present invention
|
Unit |
F level combustion engine system |
High pressure re-heating subsystem |
The total output work of system |
MW |
471.5 |
825.127 |
Combustion engine efficiency |
% |
38.36 |
42.96 |
Combined cycle efficiency |
% |
57.62 |
61.40 |
Rate of standard coal consumption b=123/h |
g/kWh |
213.468 |
200.326 |
Installation equipment annual utilization hours |
h |
4500 |
5000 |
Annual electricity generating capacity |
Hundred million kWh |
21.2 |
41.3 |
Spring Festival holidays province-norm coal quantity (compared with F level combustion engine Combined Cycle Unit) |
Ton mark coal |
0 |
54218.3 |
Standard gas consumption rate |
Nm3/kWh |
0.36 |
0.33 |
Year saves natural gas quantity (compared with F level combustion engine Combined Cycle Unit) |
Billion cubic meter |
0 |
7.08 |
Rock gas cost saving |
Wan Yuan |
0 |
20.1 |
Reduce discharging CO2(and F level combustion engine Combined Cycle Unit year to compare) |
Ten thousand tons |
0 |
4.68 |
As shown in table 5, use present system to replace common combustion engine on a large scale, effectively can reduce fuel consumption, thus reduce the discharge of greenhouse gases.