CN103706364B - Graphene-based γ-Fe 2o 3composite material photocatalyst, preparation method and its usage - Google Patents

Graphene-based γ-Fe 2o 3composite material photocatalyst, preparation method and its usage Download PDF

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CN103706364B
CN103706364B CN201310722124.6A CN201310722124A CN103706364B CN 103706364 B CN103706364 B CN 103706364B CN 201310722124 A CN201310722124 A CN 201310722124A CN 103706364 B CN103706364 B CN 103706364B
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graphene
composite material
graphite oxide
solution
material photocatalyst
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CN103706364A (en
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吴明在
张利利
胡宏睿
于欣欣
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Guangzhou Zhirongjie Intellectual Property Service Co ltd
Wei Ying
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Anhui University
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Abstract

The present invention relates to photocatalysis technology field, specifically relate to a kind of graphene-based γ-Fe 2o 3composite material photocatalyst, preparation method and its usage.Graphene-based γ-Fe 2o 3composite material photocatalyst, γ-Fe 2o 3particle is attached to graphenic surface, the Size Distribution of Graphene at 1 ~ 50 μm, γ-Fe 2o 3particle size distribution is at 20 ~ 500nm.Its preparation method mainly comprises the preparation of graphite oxide, the preparation of graphite oxide ferrous sulfate hydrate intercalation thing and graphene-based γ-Fe 2o 3the preparation of composite material photocatalyst.Graphene-based γ-Fe prepared by the present invention 2o 3composite material photocatalyst has high carrier transport rate, large specific area and low energy gap, makes it have the activity of high photocatalysis to degrade organic matter, than pure γ-Fe 2o 3the photocatalytic activity of particle exceeds more than 86%, and has good cyclical stability, can repeatedly use, and can not cause secondary pollution in Photocatalytic Degradation Process.

Description

Graphene-based γ-Fe 2o 3composite material photocatalyst, preparation method and its usage
Technical field
The present invention relates to photocatalysis technology field, specifically relate to a kind of graphene-based γ-Fe 2o 3composite material photocatalyst, preparation method and its usage.
Background technology
In process organic pollution, the research of photochemical catalyst with quote more and more extensive.A lot of semi-conducting material has photocatalysis performance.At present, research is TiO the most widely 2, but due to TiO 2the band gap very wide (3.2eV) of itself, can only utilize the ultraviolet portion of a seldom part in sunshine; In addition, TiO 2powder photocatalytic material is difficult to reclaim in reaction system, and recycling rate of waterused is low.Therefore, study and find other narrow bandgap semiconductor material thus to develop new visible light catalyst particularly urgent.
γ-Fe 2o 3be the one in numerous ferriferous oxide, its band gap width is 2.2eV, has visible absorbance at visible light part, and itself has magnetic, thus magnet can be utilized simply by its recycling from other reaction systems.
Graphene, a kind of Two-dimensional Carbon material, has large specific area, high carrier mobility, high transmission rate, excellent heat conduction, conduction and mechanical performance.The compound of Graphene and metal oxide particle, by large quantity research.Graphene-based γ-Fe 2o 3composite is in water treatment, and it is studied that bio-pharmaceutical such as to transport at the field.Graphene-based γ-Fe 2o 3the research of composite in photocatalysis is also at the early-stage.
Summary of the invention
For the technical problem existed in prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a kind of graphene-based γ-Fe 2o 3composite material photocatalyst, this graphene-based γ-Fe 2o 3composite material photocatalyst passes through γ-Fe 2o 3micro-and nano-particles loads to graphenic surface, makes it have good cyclical stability, and can repeatedly utilize, and has very high photocatalytic activity to organic degraded, and can a large amount of recycling in reaction system.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of graphene-based γ-Fe 2o 3composite material photocatalyst, γ-Fe 2o 3particle is attached to graphenic surface, the Size Distribution of Graphene at 1 ~ 50 μm, γ-Fe 2o 3particle size distribution is at 20 ~ 500nm.
Graphene-based γ-Fe of the present invention 2o 3photochemical catalyst, has lower energy gap, high specific area, high carrier transport rate, makes it have the activity of high photocatalysis to degrade organic matter.Meanwhile, by Photocatalytic Degradation On Methyl Orange Solution test display, its photocatalytic activity is than pure γ-Fe 2o 3the photocatalytic activity of particle exceeds more than 86%, and has good cyclical stability, can repeatedly use, and can not produce secondary pollution in Photocatalytic Degradation Process.
Two of object of the present invention is to provide a kind of graphene-based γ-Fe 2o 3the preparation method of composite material photocatalyst, comprises the steps:
1., the preparation of graphite oxide (graphite oxide, GO)
Be 120 ~ 240: 13 ~ 26 be mixed to form mixed acid by volume by the concentrated sulfuric acid (mass fraction 98%) and SPA (mass fraction 85%), this mixed acid is poured in the reaction vessel that crystalline flake graphite is housed, again reaction vessel is placed in the firing equipment being warming up to 40 ~ 80 DEG C, and adds KMnO 4, crystalline flake graphite and KMnO 4weight ratio be 1 ~ 2: 6 ~ 12, add rear insulation 4 ~ 8h, then in reaction system, add H 2o 2solution (mass fraction 5 ~ 15%), until reaction solution color becomes glassy yellow by black, and till no longer producing bubble, stops adding H 2o 2solution also continues reaction 2 ~ 4h, reaction terminate rear cooling, washing, centrifugal be 5 ~ 7 to pH, the graphite oxide obtained is diluted with water rear preservation;
2., the preparation of graphite oxide ferrous sulfate hydrate intercalation thing
Preparation FeSO 47H 2both mixing are made graphite oxide and FeSO by O solution, then the graphite oxide solution measuring certain volume 47H 2the weight ratio of O is 0.150 ~ 0.300: 0.750 ~ 1.500, and mixed solution stirring, dispersion, drying are obtained graphite oxide ferrous sulfate hydrate intercalation thing;
3., graphene-based γ-Fe 2o 3the preparation of composite material photocatalyst
Heat-treat at graphite oxide ferrous sulfate hydrate intercalation thing is placed in 750 ~ 850 DEG C, grind after being cooled to room temperature, then be placed in a small amount of deionized water and disperse, final drying obtains graphene-based γ-Fe 2o 3composite material photocatalyst.
Preparation method of the present invention has that technique is simple, cost is low, and the advantage such as easily to recycle and reuse, and enhances the application of this photochemical catalyst, makes it in organic matter degradation, have good development prospect.
Preparation method of the present invention, can also realize by the following technical programs further:
Preferably, step 1. in the particle diameter of crystalline flake graphite be 100 ~ 800 orders, crystalline flake graphite and KMnO 4weight ratio be 1: 6.
Further preferred, step 1. in the particle diameter of crystalline flake graphite be 200 orders.
Further preferred, step 1. in the concentrated sulfuric acid, SPA volume be respectively 180mL, 20mL, crystalline flake graphite and KMnO 4weight be respectively 1.500g, 9.000g, firing equipment is magnetic agitation oil bath pan.
Further, step 1. middle H 2o 2the mass fraction of solution is 10%, adds KMnO 4reaction temperature is afterwards 50 DEG C, and the magnetic agitation reaction time is 6h; Add H 2o 2reaction temperature after solution is 50 DEG C, the magnetic agitation reaction time is 3h, room temperature is naturally cooled to after reaction terminates, deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol is adopted to replace washing more than 5 times, being washed till pH is 6, centrifugal rotational speed is 6000rpm (rev/min), is saved in brown reagent bottle after the graphite oxide obtained is diluted with water.
Further, step 2. in measure 30mL concentration be the graphite oxide solution that 1. step of 8mg/mL is prepared, weigh 1.2g FeSO 47H 2o joins in 20mL deionized water; By 20mL FeSO 47H 2o solution joins in 30mL graphite oxide solution, mixed solution is placed into strong stirring 30 ~ 90min on magnetic stirring apparatus, then ultrasonic disperse 30 ~ 90min, obtains graphite oxide and FeSO 47H 2the mixed solution of O; Mixed solution is placed in magnetic stirring apparatus strong stirring 30 ~ 90min again; Finally mixed solution is placed in the dry 10 ~ 14h of thermostatic drying chamber of 70 ~ 100 DEG C, obtains graphite oxide ferrous sulfate hydrate intercalation thing.Confirm by experiment, as graphite oxide and FeSO 47H 2when the initial mass ratio of O is 1: 5, the activity of the photocatalytic degradation of photochemical catalyst can be significantly improved.
Further, step be 3. by step 2. in the graphite oxide ferrous sulfate intercalation thing that obtains be placed in clean dry quartz boat, and with high-purity aluminum foil, quartz boat to be sealed; Put it in Miniature tube type stove, be then warming up to 750 ~ 850 DEG C with the heating rate of 2 ~ 5 DEG C/min, and at this temperature 20 ~ 40min; Before intensification, high-purity argon gas (99.999% purity) 10min is passed into the Ventilation Rate of 300 ~ 700sccm (sccm), to discharge the air in tubular type furnace chamber, in intensification, insulation and temperature-fall period, Ventilation Rate is turned down is 100 ~ 300sccm; After naturally cooling to room temperature, take out reactant and ground with mortar, being put into a little deionized water for ultrasonic dispersion 30 ~ 60s; Finally dry in the insulating box of 50 DEG C ~ 80 DEG C, obtained graphene-based γ-Fe 2o 3composite material photocatalyst.
Preferably, step 3. in heat up before Ventilation Rate be 500sccm, heat up, insulation and temperature-fall period in Ventilation Rate be 200sccm; Heating rate is 3 DEG C/min, and holding temperature is 810 DEG C, and temperature retention time is 30min; After having ground, the ultrasonic disperse time is 30s, and baking temperature is 60 DEG C.
By graphene-based γ-Fe prepared by said method 2o 3composite material photocatalyst, finds there is the activity of high photocatalysis to degrade organic matter through photocatalytic activity experiment.Under the light-struck xenon lamp of 350W simulated solar irradiates, 60min is 4.6 × 10 to 100mL concentration -4the methyl orange solution degradation rate of mol/L can reach more than 98%, and catalytic degradation efficiency significantly improves.Therefore, the graphene-based γ-Fe for preparing of the method 2o 3composite material photocatalyst can be widely used in photocatalysis to degrade organic matter field, and has good development prospect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the graphene-based γ-Fe prepared by 3 embodiments 2o 3graphite oxide (graphite oxide, GO), this graphite oxide of the preparation of composite material photocatalyst, embodiment 1 reduce graphite oxide ferrous sulfate hydrate intercalation thing (GO-FeSO prepared by Graphene (graphene), this graphite oxide of obtaining at 810 DEG C 47H 2o-90 DEG C) XRD (X-ray diffraction) figure.In figure, S 1, S 2, S 3represent the graphene-based γ-Fe prepared by embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 respectively 2o 3composite material photocatalyst.
Fig. 2 is the graphene-based γ-Fe prepared by embodiment 2o 3tEM (transmission electron microscope) figure of composite material photocatalyst.In figure, Fig. 2 a and Fig. 2 b is by embodiment 1 (S 1) preparation, Fig. 2 b is that the high magnification TEM of Fig. 2 a schemes.Fig. 2 c and Fig. 2 d is by embodiment 2 (S 2) preparation, Fig. 2 d is that the high magnification TEM of Fig. 2 c schemes.Fig. 2 e and Fig. 2 f is by embodiment 3 (S 3) preparation, Fig. 2 f is that the high magnification TEM of Fig. 2 e schemes.
Fig. 3 is pure γ-Fe 2o 3particle and the graphene-based γ-Fe prepared by embodiment 2o 3the photocatalytic degradation curve map of composite material photocatalyst degraded methyl orange solution.S in figure 1, S 2, S 3represent the graphene-based γ-Fe prepared by embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 respectively 2o 3composite material photocatalyst.
Fig. 4 is graphene-based γ-Fe obtained in embodiment 2 2o 3the circulation degraded test curve figure of composite material photocatalyst.
Fig. 5 be with external magnet be separated in liquid phase reactor complete after graphene-based γ-Fe 2o 3the photo of composite material photocatalyst.Before Fig. 5 a represents and is separated, after Fig. 5 b representative is separated by external magnet.
Detailed description of the invention
Design of the present invention to be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples for the ease of it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that.Meanwhile, various raw materials involved in description, all purchased from market.
Embodiment 1
The preparation of graphite oxide:
The configuration 180mL concentrated sulfuric acid (mass fraction 98%) and the mixed acid of 20mL SPA (mass fraction 85%), then pour into mixed acid at leisure along walls of beaker and 1.500g crystalline flake graphite (200 order) be housed through fully cleaning up in dry 500mL beaker; Then reactant is placed in the oil bath pan being heated to 50 DEG C in advance, and starts to add 9.000g KMnO at leisure 4; Add KMnO 4after, after allowing reaction system continue reaction 6h, start the H that the mass fraction after adding dilution is 10% 2o 2, until solution colour becomes glassy yellow from black, continue reaction after 3 hours, allow reaction system naturally cool to room temperature.
With deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol circulation to institute product under the rotating speed of 6000rpm centrifuge washing to Ph=6, then as an aqueous solution preservation graphite oxide in brown bottle reagent.
The preparation of graphite oxide ferrous sulfate hydrate intercalation thing:
Get 2.400g FeSO 47H 2o is placed in 20mL deionized water, dissolves, obtains FeSO 47H 2the aqueous solution of O; By the 20mL FeSO of configuration 47H 2it is in the graphite oxide solution of 8mg/mL that the O aqueous solution joins 30mL concentration, to mixed solution strong stirring 1h, then by mixed solution under 80W power after ultrasonic disperse 1h, then strong stirring 1h; Mixed solution is inserted dry 12h in the thermostatic drying chamber of 90 DEG C, obtain black blocks of solid; With agate mortar grinding black blocks powdered, the black powder obtained is graphite oxide ferrous sulfate hydrate intercalation thing.
Graphene-based γ-Fe 2o 3the preparation of composite material photocatalyst:
Graphite oxide ferrous sulfate hydrate intercalation thing obtained above is put in clean quartz boat, and seals quartz boat with high-purity aluminum foil, then put it in Miniature tube type stove; Before intensification, with the Ventilation Rate of 500sccm, high-purity argon gas (99.999%) 10 minute is led to discharge the air of its inside to boiler tube, afterwards Ventilation Rate is turned down to 200sccm, and start to be warming up to 810 DEG C with the heating rate of 3 DEG C/min, naturally cool to room temperature in this temperature 30 minutes relief reaction systems.Taking out after reactant grinds joins in a little deionized water, disperses 30 seconds, to be put in the thermostatic drying chamber of 60 DEG C dry 6 hours, to obtain black powder and be graphene-based γ-Fe with the power ultrasonic of 80W 2o 3composite material photocatalyst, its XRD schemes, TEM figure refers to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
As shown in Figure 3, under the xenon lamp of 350W simulated solar irradiation irradiates, be 4.6 × 10 to 100mL concentration -4the methyl orange aqueous solution of mol/L is degraded, and result display 80min degradation rate is 76%.
Embodiment 2
The preparation of graphite oxide is with embodiment 1.
The preparation of graphite oxide ferrous sulfate hydrate intercalation thing:
Get 1.200g FeSO 47H 2o is placed in 20mL deionized water, dissolves, obtains FeSO 47H 2the aqueous solution of O; By the 20mL FeSO of configuration 47H 2it is in the graphite oxide solution of 8mg/mL that the O aqueous solution joins 30mL concentration, to mixed solution strong stirring 1h, then by mixed solution ultrasonic disperse after 1 hour under 80W power, then strong stirring 1h; Mixed solution is inserted dry 12h in the thermostatic drying chamber of 90 DEG C, obtain black blocks of solid; With agate mortar grinding black blocks powdered, the black powder obtained is graphite oxide ferrous sulfate hydrate intercalation thing.
Graphene-based γ-Fe 2o 3the preparation of composite material photocatalyst is with embodiment 1, and its TEM figure refers to Fig. 2.
As shown in Figure 3, under the xenon lamp of 350W simulated solar irradiation irradiates, be 4.6 × 10 to 100mL concentration -4the methyl orange aqueous solution of mol/L is degraded, and it is 99% that result shows 80 minutes degradation rates.
As shown in Figure 4, the sample S2 prepared by embodiment 2, under the xenon lamp of 350W simulated solar irradiation irradiates, is 4.6 × 10 to 100mL concentration -4the methyl orange aqueous solution of mol/L fall carry out degrading cyclic test test, after five loop tests, its degraded methyl orange 80 minutes internal efficiencies still up to 96%.
As shown in Figure 5, graphene-based γ-Fe 2o 3composite material photocatalyst is separated by external magnet, and namely having can Magnetic Isolation characteristic.
Embodiment 3
The preparation of graphite oxide is with embodiment 1.
Get 0.800g FeSO 47H 2o is placed in 20mL deionized water, dissolves, obtains FeSO 47H 2the aqueous solution of O; By the 20mL FeSO of configuration 47H 2it is in the graphite oxide solution of 8mg/mL that the O aqueous solution joins 30mL concentration, to mixed solution strong stirring 1h, then by mixed solution under 80W power after ultrasonic disperse 1h, then strong stirring 1h; Mixed solution to be inserted in the thermostatic drying chamber of 90 DEG C dry 12 hours, obtain black blocks of solid; With agate mortar grinding black blocks powdered, the black powder obtained is graphite oxide ferrous sulfate hydrate intercalation thing.
Graphene-based γ-Fe 2o 3the preparation of composite material photocatalyst is with embodiment 1, and its TEM figure refers to Fig. 2.
As shown in Figure 3, under the xenon lamp of 350W simulated solar irradiation irradiates, be 4.6 × 10 to 100mL concentration -4the methyl orange aqueous solution of mol/L is degraded, and result display 80min degradation rate is 79%.
Above content is only to design example of the present invention and explanation; affiliated those skilled in the art make various amendment to described specific embodiment or supplement or adopt similar mode to substitute; only otherwise depart from the design of invention or surmount this scope as defined in the claims, protection scope of the present invention all should be belonged to.

Claims (8)

1. a graphene-based γ-Fe 2o 3composite material photocatalyst, γ-Fe 2o 3particle is attached to graphenic surface, the Size Distribution of Graphene at 1 ~ 50 μm, γ-Fe 2o 3particle size distribution is at 20 ~ 500nm;
Above-mentioned graphene-based γ-Fe 2o 3composite material photocatalyst is adopted and is prepared from the following method:
1., the preparation of graphite oxide
Be 120 ~ 240: 13 ~ 26 be mixed to form mixed acid by volume by the concentrated sulfuric acid and SPA, in the reaction vessel that crystalline flake graphite is housed, pour this mixed acid into, then reaction vessel is placed in the firing equipment being warming up to 40 ~ 80 DEG C, and add KMnO 4, crystalline flake graphite and KMnO 4weight ratio be 1 ~ 2: 6 ~ 12, add rear insulation 4 ~ 8h, then in reaction system, add H 2o 2solution, until reaction solution color becomes glassy yellow by black, and till no longer producing bubble, stops adding H 2o 2solution also continues reaction 2 ~ 4h, reaction terminate rear cooling, washing, centrifugal be 5 ~ 7 to pH, the graphite oxide obtained is diluted with water rear preservation;
2., the preparation of graphite oxide ferrous sulfate hydrate intercalation thing
Preparation FeSO 47H 2both mixing are made graphite oxide and FeSO by O solution, then the graphite oxide solution measuring certain volume 47H 2the weight ratio of O is 0.150 ~ 0.300: 0.750 ~ 1.500, and mixed solution stirring, dispersion, drying are obtained graphite oxide ferrous sulfate hydrate intercalation thing;
3., graphene-based γ-Fe 2o 3the preparation of composite material photocatalyst
Heat-treat at graphite oxide ferrous sulfate hydrate intercalation thing is placed in 750 ~ 850 DEG C, grind after being cooled to room temperature, then be placed in a small amount of deionized water and disperse, final drying obtains graphene-based γ-Fe 2o 3composite material photocatalyst.
2. graphene-based γ-Fe according to claim 1 2o 3composite material photocatalyst, is characterized in that: step 1. in the particle diameter of crystalline flake graphite be 100 ~ 800 orders, crystalline flake graphite and KMnO 4weight ratio be 1: 6.
3. graphene-based γ-Fe according to claim 2 2o 3composite material photocatalyst, is characterized in that: step 1. in the particle diameter of crystalline flake graphite be 200 orders.
4. graphene-based γ-Fe according to claim 2 2o 3composite material photocatalyst, is characterized in that: step 1. in the concentrated sulfuric acid, SPA volume be respectively 180mL, 20mL, crystalline flake graphite and KMnO 4weight be respectively 1.500g, 9.000g, firing equipment is magnetic agitation oil bath pan.
5. graphene-based γ-Fe according to claim 4 2o 3composite material photocatalyst, is characterized in that: step is middle H 1. 2o 2the mass fraction of solution is 10%, adds KMnO 4reaction temperature is afterwards 50 DEG C, and the magnetic agitation reaction time is 6h; Add H 2o 2reaction temperature after solution is 50 DEG C, the magnetic agitation reaction time is 3h, room temperature is naturally cooled to after reaction terminates, deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol is adopted to replace washing more than 5 times, being washed till pH is 6, centrifugal rotational speed is 6000rpm, is saved in brown reagent bottle after the graphite oxide obtained is diluted with water.
6. graphene-based γ-Fe according to claim 1 2o 3composite material photocatalyst, is characterized in that: step 2. in measure 30mL concentration be the graphite oxide solution that 1. step of 8mg/mL is prepared, weigh 1.2g FeSO 47H 2o joins in 20mL deionized water; By 20mL FeSO 47H 2o solution joins in 30mL graphite oxide solution, mixed solution is placed into strong stirring 30 ~ 90min on magnetic stirring apparatus, then ultrasonic disperse 30 ~ 90min, obtains graphite oxide and FeSO 47H 2the mixed solution of O; Mixed solution is placed in magnetic stirring apparatus strong stirring 30 ~ 90min again; Finally mixed solution is placed in the dry 10 ~ 14h of thermostatic drying chamber of 70 ~ 100 DEG C, obtains graphite oxide ferrous sulfate hydrate intercalation thing.
7. graphene-based γ-Fe according to claim 1 2o 3composite material photocatalyst, is characterized in that: step be 3. by step 2. in the graphite oxide ferrous sulfate intercalation thing that obtains be placed in clean dry quartz boat, and with high-purity aluminum foil, quartz boat to be sealed; Put it in Miniature tube type stove, be then warming up to 750 ~ 850 DEG C with the heating rate of 2 ~ 5 DEG C/min, and at this temperature 20 ~ 40min; Before intensification, pass into high-purity argon gas 10min with the Ventilation Rate of 300 ~ 700sccm, to discharge the air in tubular type furnace chamber, in intensification, insulation and temperature-fall period, Ventilation Rate is turned down is 100 ~ 300sccm; After naturally cooling to room temperature, take out reactant and ground with mortar, being put into a little deionized water for ultrasonic dispersion 30 ~ 60s; Finally dry in the insulating box of 50 DEG C ~ 80 DEG C, obtained graphene-based γ-Fe 2o 3composite material photocatalyst.
8. graphene-based γ-Fe according to claim 7 2o 3composite material photocatalyst, is characterized in that: step 3. in heat up before Ventilation Rate be 500sccm, heat up, insulation and temperature-fall period in Ventilation Rate be 200sccm; Heating rate is 3 DEG C/min, and holding temperature is 810 DEG C, and temperature retention time is 30min; After having ground, the ultrasonic disperse time is 30s, and baking temperature is 60 DEG C.
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