CN103701538B - A kind of attenuation measuring technique for Wave guide system - Google Patents
A kind of attenuation measuring technique for Wave guide system Download PDFInfo
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- CN103701538B CN103701538B CN201310714632.XA CN201310714632A CN103701538B CN 103701538 B CN103701538 B CN 103701538B CN 201310714632 A CN201310714632 A CN 201310714632A CN 103701538 B CN103701538 B CN 103701538B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of attenuation measuring technique for Wave guide system, this attenuation measuring technique includes being connected in series tested attenuator with frequency mixer and known attenuating device；Radiofrequency signal is produced through tested attenuator the radiofrequency signal of decay；The local oscillation signal of the signal being attenuated and base synchronic with described radiofrequency signal is mixed；With intermediate frequency substitution method step of connecting, using divided time-base signal as reference signal, orthogonal correlation detection is used to measure the attenuation of tested attenuator.The measurement to 3mm, 5mm frequency range Attenuation can be realized according to the method for the invention, and method is simple, with low cost, solve the Detection of Weak Signals problem of lock-in amplifier simultaneously, improve sensitivity and the accuracy of system detection.Therefore the present invention is applicable not only to 50GHz～110GHz Attenuation and measures system, is also applied for other frequency range attenuation measurement system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of measuring method, a kind of attenuation measurement for Wave guide system
Method.
Background technology
Decay is an extremely important and universal parameter in radio art, which characterizes nothing
The degree that the amplitude of the line signal of telecommunication weakens in transmitting procedure.Attenuation measurement is in Radio Measurements
There is consequence, can be that power, voltage, frequency spectrum, S parameter etc. provide approach of tracing to the source,
So all paying much attention to attenuation parameter establishment of standard both at home and abroad.Attenuation measurement most common method
It is substitution method, i.e. measures the decay of measured piece by comparing with standard attenuator.Generally use
Mark method of building have radio frequency substitution method, intermediate frequency and ~+L.I.F. substitution method etc..Radio frequency substitution method, just
It is that the attenuation of tested attenuation with the standard attenuator on same frequency is compared, it is achieved
The method of attenuation measurement.Have an advantage in that range can be very big, but its shortcoming is to have
Have and the standard attenuator of measured piece same frequency, and the most difficult manufacture accuracy can be with middle frequency marking
The radio frequency standard attenuator that quasi-attenuator is the highest, so radio frequency substitution method is not in attenuation measurement
Method the most accurately.Intermediate frequency and ~+L.I.F. substitution method, it is simply that with conversion method by microwave or high frequency
Linearly it is transformed into fixing intermediate frequency and low intermediate frequency signal, by the highest middle frequency marking of accuracy
The attenuation of quasi-attenuator substitutes tested attenuation.In world wide, majority state is set up at present
Attenuation standard be using the inductive voltage divider working in audio frequency as Low Medium Frequency standard attenuator
Series connection ~+L.I.F. substitution method attenuation standard device.But along with the rising of frequency, signal source is defeated
The power reduction gone out, in order to meet dynamic range and the accuracy of measurement of attenuation measurement, it is thus achieved that steady
The difficulty of the low intermediate frequency signal of fixed for example, audio signal is increasing.Measure for meeting simultaneously
Dynamic range and accuracy requirement, intermediate-frequency receiver the most generally uses lock-in amplifier to need
Take the method that coherent detection receives.And the method that coherent detection to be used receives, it is necessary to for lock
Phase amplifier provides a reference signal.This reference signal and the measured signal i.e. sound of frequency mixer
Frequency output should have identical frequency jitter, and this is extremely important to the relevant detection of small-signal.
Therefore, lock-in amplifier needs the frequency information provided according to reference signal, can detect also
Accurately measure a small-signal with frequency.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of attenuation measurement side for Wave guide system
Method, to solve the accurate measurement problem of 5mm, 3mm frequency range decay, solves measurement simultaneously
During cause detection owing to measurement apparatus reference signal is different from measured signal frequency jitter
Signal disturbing, the problem that system detection capability reduces.
A kind of attenuation measuring technique for Wave guide system is provided for solving the problems referred to above present invention,
This attenuation measuring technique includes
Tested attenuator is connected in series with known attenuating device and frequency mixer successively；
Radiofrequency signal is produced through tested attenuator signal the radiofrequency signal of decay；
The local oscillation signal of this deamplification and base synchronic with described radiofrequency signal is mixed；
The method step of test is substituted, using divided time-base signal as reference with series connection intermediate frequency
Signal, uses orthogonal correlation detection to measure the attenuation of tested attenuator.
Preferably, the signal after the method farther includes mixing is amplified and filters.
Preferably, the method for described series connection intermediate frequency replacement test is further comprising the steps
Tested attenuator is set to initial decay amount；
Described known adjustable attenuator is placed in initial value；
The gain of regulation phase lock-in detecting device and the signal level of radio-frequency signal source, record is to decay
The quadrature detection of signal reaches the level value of balance；
Tested attenuator is set to tested state；
By regulation known variable attenuator, record the detection to deamplification and obtain described level
The attenuation of known variable attenuator corresponding during value.
Preferably, described reference signal is to the output with described frequency mixer by time-base signal frequency dividing
Signal has the signal frequency of same frequency shake.
Preferably, described reference signal is to divide time-base signal to 212The signal obtained again.
Preferably, the output level in described local oscillation signal source is set to+10dBm.
Preferably, by constant for the amplitude characteristic that keeps radiofrequency signal linearly during described difference frequency.
Preferably, the time-base signal that described local oscillation signal source produces is 10MHz.
Preferably, described orthogonal correlation detection includes detecting the phase place of described deamplification and right
Described deamplification carries out low-pass filtering and obtains the range value of deamplification.
Preferably, attenuation measuring technique according to claim 1: described known adjustable decline
Subtracting device is inductive voltage divider, and described series connection intermediate frequency substitution method is further comprising the steps
Tested attenuator is set to initial decay amount A0；
The intrinsic standoff ratio of sensing bleeder mechanism is set to initial value D0；
The gain of regulation phase lock-in detecting device and the signal level of radio-frequency signal source, record is to decay
The quadrature detection of signal reaches the level value of balance；
Tested attenuator is set to tested state, attenuation A1；
By regulating the intrinsic standoff ratio of inductive voltage divider, record the quadrature detection to deamplification and obtain
The intrinsic standoff ratio D of inductive voltage divider during described level value1；
Utilize formula Ax=A1-A0=20log(D1/D0) (dB), obtain the tested of tested attenuator and decline
Subtract increment Ax.
The survey to 3mm, 5mm frequency range Attenuation can be realized according to the method for the invention
Amount, and method is simple, with low cost, solves the Detection of Weak Signals of lock-in amplifier simultaneously
Problem, improves sensitivity and the accuracy of system detection.Therefore the present invention is applicable not only to
50GHz～110GHz Attenuation measures system, is also applied for other frequency range attenuation measurement
System.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is shown as a kind of schematic diagram for Attenuation measurement apparatus.
The output terminals A 1 of radiofrequency signal；The input A2 of deamplification；
1, local oscillation signal source, 2, first times of frequency module, 3, radio-frequency signal source, 4, second times
Frequently device, the 5, first isolation attenuator, the 6, tested attenuator, 7, second isolation attenuator, 8,
Frequency mixer, 9, frequency divider, 10, amplify filtration module, 11, semi-automatic inductive voltage divider,
12 lock-in amplifiers.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 illustrates a kind of attenuation measurement device for Wave guide system, this attenuation measurement device bag
Include the output terminals A 1 of radiofrequency signal, the input A2 of deamplification, local oscillation signal source, first
Millimeter wave times frequency module, radio-frequency signal source, the second radiometric image, first isolation attenuator,
Tested attenuator, the second isolation attenuator, frequency mixer, frequency divider, amplification filtration module,
Know the most semi-automatic inductive voltage divider of attenuating device and lock-in amplifier.Radio-frequency signal source 3
First outfan instant base signal output part is connected with the reference input in local oscillation signal source 1, with
The synchronic base of radiofrequency signal that the local oscillation signal making local oscillation signal source export exports with radio-frequency signal source.
The outfan in local oscillation signal source 1 is connected with the first input end of frequency mixer by the first doubler.
The time-base signal output of radio-frequency signal source 3 output to frequency divider 9, the outfan of frequency divider 9 with
The first input end of lock-in amplifier 12 connects, and provides reference signal for lock-in amplifier.Penetrate
It is sequentially connected with between RF signal output and the RF signal output A1 of frequency source signal 3
Varactor doubler 4 and the first isolation attenuator 5.Deamplification input A2 is by the second isolation
Attenuator 7 is connected with the second input of frequency mixer 8, and the outfan of frequency mixer 8 is put with phase-locked
It is connected with amplification filtration module 10 and semi-automatic sensing in turn between second input of big device 12
Potentiometer 11.
Radio-frequency signal source produce radiofrequency signal be coupled to radio-frequency (RF) signal input end A2 for for
Attenuator to be measured provides radiofrequency signal.Preferably, measurement apparatus includes being coupling in local oscillation signal source
The first doubler 2 between 1 and frequency mixer 8 and be coupling in radio-frequency signal source 3 and described radio frequency
Second times of frequency module 4 between signal output part A1, respectively to local oscillation signal and radiofrequency signal
Frequency frequency multiplication.Preferably, measurement apparatus farther include to be coupling in second times of frequency module 4 with
The first isolation attenuator 5 between RF signal output A1 inputs with being coupling in deamplification
The second isolation attenuator 7 between end A2 and frequency mixer 8.On the one hand isolation attenuator is used for
Various noises in isolation deamplification, on the other hand for improving the mismatch ratio of signal, to carry
The quality of high signal and the accuracy of test.Preferably, the semi-automatic sensing in measurement apparatus divides
Frequently the operating frequency of device is 2.44kHz, so that measurement apparatus accurately measures operating frequency is
The attenuation of attenuator in the range of 50GHz～110GHz.Preferably, measurement apparatus includes connecting
Amplification filtration module 10 between frequency mixer and semi-automatic inductive voltage divider, amplifies filtering mould
Block 10 preferably employs AD743 type operational amplifier.
The measurement that attenuation measurement device according to the present invention have employed series connection ~+L.I.F. substitution method is tested
The attenuation of attenuator.Radio-frequency signal source 3 and local oscillation signal source 1 have employed synthesized source with
Realizing the synchronic base of radiofrequency signal and local oscillation signal, it is steady that this synthesized source has the highest frequency
Fixed degree and accuracy and the frequency resolution of up to 0.001Hz, after this guarantees mixing
The frequency stability of 2.44kHz intermediate-freuqncy signal and accuracy.There is preferable standing-wave ratio characteristic (general
Standing-wave ratio be less than 1.1) isolation attenuator be used as the first and second isolation attenuators, can solve
The certainly problem of mismatch during systematic survey.Use fundamental wave mixing mode to be mixed, make measurement system
There is bigger dynamic range and preferable signal to noise ratio.Measurement system will by frequency transformation mode
Radiofrequency signal and microwave signal are transformed to 2.44kHz intermediate-freuqncy signal, in systems conduct linearly
The inductive voltage divider of Main Regulator is adopted with tested attenuator 6 and is connected serially, and passes through system
That is twice zeroing of twice balance of lock-in amplifier complete the process of replacement.The master of the method
Want advantage to be that of avoiding and use the high target wide band radio-frequency and microwave standard attenuator being difficulty with.
The semi-automatic inductive voltage divider of precision 11 using operating frequency to be 2.44kHz is as benchmark, profit
Radio frequency to be checked and microwave attenuation is substituted with the knots modification of inductive voltage divider under intrinsic standoff ratio accurately
The attenuation of device thus reach to measure accurately and effectively the purpose of attenuation.Above-mentioned owing to have employed
Structure makes this attenuation measurement device can reach compared with the decay calibrating installation that other principle is constituted
To higher accuracy of measurement.
Preferably, amplifying filtration module 10 effect in systems is the intermediate-freuqncy signal after being mixed
Carry out low noise amplify in advance and filter, when measuring maximum dynamically 80dB attenuation, amplify
The minimum signal level of filtration module 10 input is up to μ V level.This signal level is very
Weak, the amplification filtration module 10 of the first order as receiving intermediate frequency signal part below is proposed
Higher technical requirement, higher sensitivity to be had and extremely low noise coefficient.For N
The cascade of level amplifier, it is preferable that N is the natural number selected from 1-10, whole noise coefficient
Can be determined by below equation:
In formula: FiThe noise coefficient of-i-stage amplifier, i is selected from 1-N；
GAiThe gain of-i-stage amplifier.
Can be seen that by above-mentioned formula the noise coefficient of whole system is mainly received intermediate frequency by the first order
The amplifier amplified in filtration module 10 of signal section determines, so selected by this module
The noise coefficient of amplifier is most critical.Amplifier of the present invention uses ANALOG
The AD743 ultra-low noise bipolar field effect transistor operational amplifier of DEVICES company, its noise
Coefficient can reach 2.9nV/ √ Hz at 10kHz, and has good AC characteristic such as 4.5MHz
Gain bandwidth product and the total harmonic distortion (in 1kHz frequency) of 0.0003%, at about 1kHz
Time, common mode rejection ratio about 95dB, PSRR has 75dB.Low-noise amplifier pair
Low intermediate frequency signal after mixing is amplified, and improves signal to noise ratio, with improve measurement dynamic range and
Accuracy of measurement.
The lock-in amplifier 12 of measurement apparatus applies orthogonal related detecting method, can be to greatest extent
Suppression influence of noise, improve system resolution, thus improve detection signal sensitivity.From
The operation principle of lock-in amplifier 12 is it can be seen that to make it use orthogonal coherent detection to receive
Method, it is achieved the power of test to small-signal, it is necessary to provide for lock-in amplifier 12
Individual reference signal.The measured signal of this reference signal and frequency mixer output has identical frequency
Shake, this is extremely important to the relevant detection of small-signal.Because lock-in amplifier 12 basis
The frequency information that reference signal provides, can detect and accurately measure the small-signal with frequency,
So the time base that the frequency in local oscillation signal source is such as 10MHz is believed by measurement apparatus of the present invention
Number output to the input of frequency divider 9 so that this time-base signal frequency is divided, frequency divider 9
It is 2 by time-base signal frequency dividing12Times, owing to time-base signal and measured signal have same frequency standard
Exactness, so the identical frequency jitter that the signal after actual frequency dividing just keeps with measured signal,
Therefore, the signal exported by frequency divider uses as the reference signal of lock-in amplifier 12, carries
It is concerned with power of test for the small-signal of lock-in amplifier.
In conjunction with the preferred embodiment of above-mentioned measurement apparatus, the inventive method is described further:
The method includes being connected in series tested attenuator with frequency mixer and known attenuating device；
Using radiofrequency signal as radiofrequency signal, tested attenuator is encouraged to produce deamplification；
The local oscillation signal of deamplification and base synchronic with described radiofrequency signal is mixed；
With intermediate frequency substitution method step of connecting, using divided time-base signal as reference signal,
Orthogonal correlation detection is used to measure the attenuation of tested attenuator.
The operating frequency range that this attenuation measurement is put is 50GHz～110GHz, have employed first-harmonic and mixes
The working method of frequency.Radio-frequency signal source 3 and local oscillation signal source 1 all use scan synthesis signal source,
Two signal sources use the mode of synchronic base to connect.Arrange this by the requirement of tested attenuator 6 to decline
Subtract the operating frequency (CW) of the signal source in measurement apparatus and times frequency module, will after interior fixed ampllitude
Radiofrequency signal output is to tested attenuator 6, the deamplification then exported by tested attenuator 6
It is delivered to frequency mixer 8.2.44kHz intermediate-freuqncy signal warp after radiofrequency signal and local oscillation signal difference frequency
The medium frequency output end crossing frequency mixer 8 is delivered to amplify filtration module, and frequency mixer 8 is in frequency transformation
By constant for the amplitude characteristic that keeps radiofrequency signal linearly in journey.Utilize and decay as medium frequency standard
The knots modification of the intrinsic standoff ratio of the inductive voltage divider of device substitutes the attenuation of tested attenuator 6.Due to
Tested attenuator 6 and semi-automatic inductive voltage divider 11 are to be connected in series in systems, so should
The working method of system is referred to as series connection substitution.
The mistake that tested attenuator 6 is measured by the method that this measurement apparatus is replaced based on series connection intermediate frequency
Journey comprises the steps.Parameter request according to tested attenuator 6 is by radio-frequency signal source 3 and basis
The frequency of signal source of shaking 1 and first times of frequency module 2 and second times of frequency module 4 arrange required
Frequency.The level of the output in local oscillation signal source 1 is set to such as+10dBm, and radio frequency is believed
The level in number source 3 is set to such as 0dBm.Tested attenuator 6 is placed in initial decay amount
A0(such as zero graduation) position, inductive voltage divider intrinsic standoff ratio is placed in D0Position.Now according to tested
Attenuation regulation lock-in amplifier 12 gain of attenuator and the signal level of radio-frequency signal source 3
Making lock-in amplifier 12 obtain balance instruction, such as equilibrium level is designated as a certain magnitude of voltage,
Described a certain magnitude of voltage, the i.e. magnitude of voltage when system reaches steady statue；Then decline tested
Subtract device 6 and be placed in attenuation A1Position, now due to the change of attenuation in train,
Make test system disequilibrium.Test system is made again by regulation inductive voltage divider intrinsic standoff ratio
The i.e. equilibrium level of balance indicates a certain magnitude of voltage before still returning to, and reads now intrinsic standoff ratio
D1.The attenuation incrementation A of the most tested attenuator 6XFor: Ax=A1-A0=20log(D1/D0)(dB)。
For such as the attenuator to be measured 6 of stepping type or changeable type, repeat after changing decay scale on
State the decrement measurement value of the most available variant decay gear of measurement process.Above-described half
Automatically digital independent and the data process of the inductive voltage divider in sensor transformer 11 all uses soft
The mode of combination of hardware is carried out, it is not necessary to carry out artificial reading and calculating again.
The present invention, based on Low Medium Frequency series connection substitution, can realize 3mm, 5mm frequency range millimeter wave
The measurement of decay, and method is simple, with low cost, solves the faint of lock-in amplifier simultaneously
Signal detection problem, improves sensitivity and the accuracy of system detection.Therefore the present invention not only fits
Measure system for 50GHz～110GHz Attenuation, be also applied for the decay of other frequency range
Measurement system.
Above content is that to combine concrete preferred implementation made for the present invention further in detail
Describe explanation, it is impossible to identification the present invention be embodied as be confined to these explanations.For this
For the those of ordinary skill of bright described technical field without departing from the inventive concept of the premise,
Some simple deduction or replace can also be made, all should be considered as belonging to the protection model of the present invention
Enclose.
Claims (8)
1. the attenuation measuring technique for Wave guide system, it is characterised in that: this attenuation measurement
Method includes
Tested attenuator is connected in series with known attenuating device and frequency mixer successively；
Radiofrequency signal is produced through tested attenuator signal the radiofrequency signal of decay；
The local oscillation signal of this deamplification and base synchronic with described radiofrequency signal is mixed；
The method step of test is substituted, using divided time-base signal as reference with series connection intermediate frequency
Signal, uses orthogonal correlation detection to measure the attenuation of tested attenuator；Wherein, described string
The method that connection intermediate frequency substitutes test is further comprising the steps
Tested attenuator is set to initial decay amount；
Described known adjustable attenuator is placed in initial value；
The gain of regulation phase lock-in detecting device and the signal level of radio-frequency signal source, record is to decay
The quadrature detection of signal reaches the level value of balance；
Tested attenuator is set to tested state；
By regulation known variable attenuator, record the detection to deamplification and obtain described level
The attenuation of known variable attenuator corresponding during value；
Described known adjustable attenuator is inductive voltage divider, and described series connection intermediate frequency substitution method is entered
One step comprises the following steps
Tested attenuator is set to initial decay amount A0；
The intrinsic standoff ratio of sensing bleeder mechanism is set to initial value D0；
The gain of regulation phase lock-in detecting device and the signal level of radio-frequency signal source, record is to decay
The quadrature detection of signal reaches the level value of balance；
Tested attenuator is set to tested state, attenuation A1；
By regulating the intrinsic standoff ratio of inductive voltage divider, record the quadrature detection to deamplification and obtain
The intrinsic standoff ratio D of inductive voltage divider during described level value1；
Utilize formula Ax=A1-A0=20log (D1/D0) (dB), it is thus achieved that the tested of tested attenuator declines
Subtract increment Ax.
Attenuation measuring technique the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the method is entered
Signal after one step includes mixing is amplified and filters.
Attenuation measuring technique the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described reference
Signal is to the output signal with described frequency mixer, time-base signal frequency dividing to be had same frequency tremble
Dynamic signal frequency.
Attenuation measuring technique the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described reference
Signal is to divide time-base signal to 212The signal obtained again.
Attenuation measuring technique the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described local oscillator
The output level of signal source is set to+10dBm.
Attenuation measuring technique the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described mixing
During by constant for the amplitude characteristic that keeps radiofrequency signal linearly.
Attenuation measuring technique the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described local oscillator
The time-base signal that signal source produces is 10MHz.
Attenuation measuring technique the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described orthogonal
Correlation detection includes the phase place detecting described deamplification and carries out low to described deamplification
Pass filter obtains the range value of deamplification.
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| CN105092985B (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2019-01-25 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | Attenuation parameter measuring device based on lock-in amplifier |
| CN110765548A (en) * | 2019-10-12 | 2020-02-07 | 中航通飞研究院有限公司 | Shielding attenuation measurement method and device for aircraft wire harness wave-proof sleeve |
Citations (1)
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| CN102752061A (en) * | 2012-06-14 | 2012-10-24 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | Device and method for generating reference signal of phase-locked amplifier of millimeter wave attenuation measurement system |
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| CN102752061A (en) * | 2012-06-14 | 2012-10-24 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | Device and method for generating reference signal of phase-locked amplifier of millimeter wave attenuation measurement system |
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| ABS-3调幅广播发射机智能测试仪;迟立国;《广播与电视技术》;19950630;第34-38页 * |
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Effective date of registration: 20170221 Address after: Beans village in Shandong province Tai'an town turtledove 271512 County of Dongping City, No. 460 Patentee after: Liang Yanhui Address before: 100854 Beijing, Haidian District, box 142, box 408 Patentee before: Beijing Radio Measuring and Testing Institute |
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