CN103694669A - Porous nano-material and sound attenuator based on porous nano-material - Google Patents
Porous nano-material and sound attenuator based on porous nano-material Download PDFInfo
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- CN103694669A CN103694669A CN201310520436.9A CN201310520436A CN103694669A CN 103694669 A CN103694669 A CN 103694669A CN 201310520436 A CN201310520436 A CN 201310520436A CN 103694669 A CN103694669 A CN 103694669A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a porous nano-material, which comprises primary particles and second particles which are composed of primary particles. The invention also relates to a sound attenuator based on the porous nano-material, and the sound attenuator is prepared from the porous nano-material. The superior effects of the porous nano-material and the sound attenuator based on the porous nano-material are as follows: the porous nano-material has light weight and thin thickness with excellent sound insulation performance, and the panel of the porous nano-material is made into different shapes according to needs, and the sound attenuation loss of the porous nano-material is not lower than 20-100 db/cm; the sound attenuator based on the porous nano-material is suitable for various environments with popularization value.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to noise reduction sound-proof material field, be specifically related to a kind of porous nanometer material and the sound attenuator based on porous nanometer material.
Background technology
Noise is produced by object vibration, and reduces noise, creates the target that quiet living environment is people always.Noise source is a lot, includes but not limited to: the vehicle on road, the aircraft that takes off or land, and in the courses of processing such as machined into, polishing, sandblast and the sound, shot and the explosive sound that produce in the household electrical appliances use procedure such as washing machine, refrigerator, dishwasher.Noise can cause hearing loss, in the situation through Long contact time medium tenacity sound, as sandblast machine operation or short period of time are exposed in high-intensity sound, as blast causes, can cause irreversible hearing loss.
Materials science and acoustics expert are devoted to material and the hearing protection that invention reduces noise for a long time, adopt single or multiple lift can fall low noise material in the design of hearing protection.
In prior art, sound-proof material is mainly micro-porous material, and as polyurethane foamed material, the size of its hole is at tens microns or larger.When sound transmission, pass through winding raod footpath, or by the irregularly shaped rear generation scattering of hole wall, noise attenuation; But hole wall consists of homogeneous material and continually varying geometrical shape, thereby can being passed, sound wave there is no too large resistance.In addition, bore hole size is excessive, there is no too large resistance when sound can be propagated by hole.Accompanying drawing 1 is made uniform framework material for whole foam, and sound wave is from a position Free propagation to another position.The main mechanism of sound attenuating is sound reflection, scattering and the diffraction that the random geometry of porous wall causes, causes very limited zigzag path.When sound sees through this material, sound attenuation is lost in 5 decibels of/centimetre of magnitudes.
Publication number is that the Chinese patent of CN1808570A discloses a kind of system that suppresses rain noise, comprise noise detector, it detects and simulates rain noise and noise muffler from input signal, and it is electrically connected to noise detector so that basically eliminate rain noise in input signal; This noise detector is simulated a part of input signal, and this noise detector is configured to a part of input signal to carry out line matching; This noise detector is configured to by calculating correlation factor simulation rain event, and this noise detector is configured to stop the attribute of the rain noise of simulating to surpass preset value; To noise muffler, be configured to substantially eliminate rain noise and continuous noise from input signal; The system of this inhibition rain noise also comprises the residual attenuation that is connected to noise detector and noise muffler, when signal power being detected with box lunch in a frequency and improving a lot, and attenuated signal power in this range of frequency.But this system only limits to weaken the Low Frequency Noise Generator being produced by daily spontaneous phenomenon.
Conventional acoustic material provides extremely low sound transmission loss.In many important application, as fields such as space flight, aviation, national defence, power plant, medical facilities, noise control very challenging, often need thicker or heavier material.
Sound-proof material of the prior art and noise insulation equipment poor practicability, can not meet people's demand, therefore the present invention proposes porous nanometer material and the sound attenuator based on porous nanometer material.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome defect of the prior art, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of porous nanometer material and the sound attenuator based on porous nanometer material.
Porous nanometer material provided by the invention is lightweight, thin thickness, have excellent sound-proofing properties, the panel of described porous nanometer material or manufacture as required different shapes, noise during by described porous nanometer material sound attenuation loss be not less than 20-100dB/ centimetre.In conjunction with thermal insulation properties and the mechanical property of described porous nanometer material, porous nanometer material of the present invention and the sound attenuator based on porous nanometer material can be applicable to the various environment that need sound insulation.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
The invention provides porous nanometer material, comprise primary particle and the secondary particle being formed by primary particle.
Further, described primary particle is nanoparticle.
Further, described nanoparticle is silicon dioxide granule.
Further, described nanoparticle is superpolymer particle.
Further, described secondary particle is particulate state and/or fibrous.
Further, the hole diameter of described porous nanometer material is 5 nanometers to 10 micron.
Further, the sound attenuation loss value of described porous nanometer material is between 20 decibels/centimetre to 100 decibels/centimetre.
Further, described porous nanometer material also comprises the coating that is embedded with secondary particle.
Further, described coating at least comprises a kind of polymkeric substance.
Further, described polymkeric substance is a kind of in polyureas, polymethylmethacrylate, polystyrene, polynorbornene.
Further, the diameter of described primary particle is 1 nanometer to 15 nanometer.
Further, the diameter of described secondary particle is 15 nanometers to 2 micron.
The present invention also provides the sound attenuator based on porous nanometer material, and described sound attenuator is sound insulation body.
Further, described sound attenuator is that the porous nanometer material of being assembled by fractal nano particle is made.
Compared with prior art, the superior effect of porous nanometer material of the present invention and the sound attenuator based on porous nanometer material is: described porous nanometer material is lightweight, thin thickness, have excellent sound-proofing properties, the panel of described porous nanometer material is made different shapes as required, noise during by described porous nanometer material sound attenuation loss be not less than 20-100 decibel/centimetre; By the sound attenuator based on porous nanometer material of the present invention, can be applicable to the various environment that need sound insulation, tool promotional value.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the scanning electron microscope image that in prior art, whole foam is made uniform framework material fine-celled foam;
Fig. 2 is the scanning electron microscope image of porous nanometer material of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the experimental data figure of porous nanometer material acoustic characteristics of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is polymer latex connection silica aerogel material schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is secondary particle schematic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the invention is described in further detail.
As shown in accompanying drawing 2-5, porous nanometer material of the present invention, comprises primary particle and the secondary particle being comprised of primary particle.Described primary particle is nanoparticle; Described nanoparticle is silicon dioxide granule or superpolymer particle;
Described secondary particle forms particulate state and/or fibrous; The hole diameter of described porous nanometer material is 5 nanometers to 10 micron; The sound attenuation loss value of described porous nanometer material is between 20 decibels/centimetre to 100 decibels/centimetre.
Described porous nanometer material also comprises the coating that is embedded with secondary particle, and described coating at least comprises a kind of polymkeric substance, and described polymkeric substance is a kind of in polyureas, polymethylmethacrylate, polystyrene, polynorbornene.
The diameter of described primary particle is 1 nanometer to 15 nanometer, and the diameter of described secondary particle is 15 nanometers to 2 micron.
The present invention also provides the sound attenuator based on porous nanometer material, and described sound attenuator is sound insulation body; Described sound attenuator is that the porous nanometer material of being assembled by fractal nano particle is made.
Described porous nanometer material comprises polymkeric substance or the polymer composites that random layering is made, and wherein one or more polymkeric substance mix with inorganic component.The material of the matrix material of porous nanometer material of the present invention and structure, have height heterogeneity.Described matrix material is three-dimensional material, and described three-dimensional material is comprised of nano particle, nanofiber, nanometer thrombocyte or their composition conventionally.The nanoparticle of the basic building unit of described matrix material (zero dimension object), nano wire (dimensional object) or nanometer sheet (two-dimensional bodies).The structure of described matrix material is connected by a random network, forms aperture and is greater than the nanoporous that 1 micron, thickness are less than 10 nanometers, and formation porous nanometer material joins together in these holes.
Porous nanometer material of the present invention, as aerogel, described aerogel is a kind of lightweight, has the material of good heat-proof quality.Described aerogel is the variant based on silicon-dioxide, and particularly, polyureas aerogel can be under extremely wide density range, triisocyanate and water one-step synthesis in single environment.The traditional material with loud damping capacity is generally heavier and/or bulky material, and in actual applications, need to consider the factor of weight and volume, compares with traditional sound-proof material, and polyureas aerogel has high sound attenuation performance, applied range.
In an embodiment of the present invention, described porous nanometer material is comprised of the matrix material of polymkeric substance and/or polymkeric substance and metal oxide.Described porous nanometer material is flexibility or rigidity material, can manufacture varying strength according to practical situation.When low density, the described sound attenuator based on porous nanometer material is changeable; When high-density, the described sound attenuator based on porous nanometer material is rigidity.Sound attenuator based on porous nanometer material of the present invention has satisfactory stability, and described sound attenuator can be placed in water or in the environment of humidification, and temperature range is at-180 ℃ to 150 ℃.
Sound attenuator based on porous nanometer material of the present invention is the object with geometrical shape, described sound attenuator is made into the noise insulation equipments such as earmuff, earplug, or plane, the curved surface of making building curtain wall, or automotive body structure, airframe, described sound attenuator can stop noise from a regional spread to another region.
Sound attenuator based on porous nanometer material of the present invention is that the porous nanometer structure material of being assembled by fractal nano particle is made.Described sound attenuator can produce a barrier between noisemaker and environment, and noise level is sharply declined.When sound wave passes described acoustical attenuators, noise has been weakened by the porous nanometer material by the self-assembly of fractal nano particle.Described porous nanometer material comprises the aerosil of polymer nanocomposite encapsulation, and the pure organic aerogel of porous nano particle and/or nano-fiber material, has realized noise and in communication process, acted on nano material and hole, makes noise volume sharp-decay.
The layering level of leap from nanometer to micron provides the path of anti-phonon impedance and high distortion, in whole auditory frequency range.The sound attenuation that the decay synergistic effect that described porous nanometer material and pore size provide has demonstrated material thickness reach 20-90 decibel/centimetre.In prior art, any other known acoustical material is not found above-mentioned superior sound attenuation performance.Described porous nanometer material provided by the invention is human living space, creates quiet environment, and the protection that improves one's hearing.
In another embodiment of the present invention, described secondary particle is embedded in a nanofiber network, described secondary particle is comprised of primary particle, to form larger particle and larger secondary particle, finally forms a diameter and is less than the network that 10 nanometers, thickness are greater than 1 micron.
The heterogeneity in described primary particle and secondary particle particle aperture, causes the mechanical property height of porous nanometer material heterogeneous.
When the wall forming along homogeneous material when sound wave or hole are propagated, at each, constantly based on specific acoustic resistance ripple, partly changed; In transmitting procedure, the strength decreased of transmitted wave, due to energy distribution: reflection wave carries part energy, does not move with transmitted wave.When the reflection wave of the plane of incidence is upstream propagated, transmitted wave moves to next downstream interface.This shows that energy has been divided into two portions.Owing to propagating at heterogeneous body porous nanometer structure, transmitted wave high dispersing, by the energy carrying still less, amplitude is less, thereby reduces sound pressure level at wavefront, has stoped the sonic propagation of making an uproar.
At each medium interface, propagate, decay is just in current interface decay, because nano material has a large amount of medium interfaces, the incident of good amplitude wave is broken down into less amplitude wave.When sound wave travels through all interfaces, sonic wave amplitude and the ripple quantity by interface is index and diminishes.In addition, the back side of the described medium interface that sound wave can not arrive at one time, amplitude further reduces.Therefore the intensity of noise, synchronous waves amplitude is less than incident wave amplitude.
When noise sound wave is propagated along the described losser based on porous nanometer material, the fiber guide ripple of described nano material is propagated in a dimensional pattern.The organic phase containing in above-mentioned aerogel, polyureas or polymethylmethacrylate (synthetic glass).When glass transition temperature, the transition temperature Tg of described polyureas is 125 ℃, and described polyureas has been proved to be the local negative stiffness of the heterogeneous generation of molecule, and noise sound wave can not be through.Yet its effect is thin out when solid polyureas; When polyureas aerogel, polymer chain directly with airborne interaction of molecules.
Described silicon-dioxide primary particle has higher density than polyureas, therefore be considered to a spheroid that has viscoelastic polyureas nanoshell to surround, at the remaining space of spheroid, fills secondary particle time close polyureas.Described silicon-dioxide, polyureas nano material are by spring-supported quality---quality system, and when incident wave arrives, described quality---quality system easily causes vibration or resonance sound wave, has contrary phase place and incident wave.
In addition, the vesicular structure of described porous nanometer material is random.
Be illustrated in figure 1 sound-proof material in prior art microcellular foam sweep blind spot mirror image, as polyurethane foam, its hole has tens microns or larger.By Fig. 1, found out, described foam pore is very big, therefore noise sound wave does not have large resistance, the magnitude that the attenuation loss of described microcellular foam is less than 5 decibels/centimetre through pore.
Be illustrated in figure 2 the scanning electron microscope image of porous nanometer material, density is 0.13g/cm
3material comprise by the granuloplastic nanoparticle of polyureas, the polyureas network that described nanoparticle further forms nanofiber connects.
The silicon dioxide granule that porous nanometer material of the present invention comprises, described silicon dioxide granule polymeric coating, if polyureas, polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate, polynorbornene are nanometer encapsulation.Described silicon dioxide granule diameter range is from 15 nanometers to 2 micron, and described polymeric coating is the extremely strong material of ductility.Described crosslinked polymer material keeps high porosity to be greater than the key material of silicon-dioxide that 70%V/V and high-specific surface area are greater than 10 meters squared per gram.
Sound attenuator based on porous nanometer material of the present invention adopts that physical strength is high, cost is low, organic nano porous material, organic/inorganic nano porous material, uses the sound attenuation of the equipment that described porous nanometer material makes to strengthen.
The feature of described porous nanometer material is high surface area (being greater than 50 meters squared per gram) and high porosity (> 50%), and described porous nanometer material is generally aerogel.Compare with traditional inorganic aerogels, high for the physical strength of the aerogel of sound attenuation, described porous nanometer material can be worked under noisy environment, can not crack or other defect.
Porous nanometer material of the present invention provides sound insulation aerogel, described aerogel be porous nano organic materials or porous nanometer structure inorganic/organic composite material, during noise transmission, pad value is greater than 20 decibels/centimetre.
The porous nanometer material using comprises the aerogel of nanofiber, particle porous structured material, the aerogel (granular, fibrous thrombocyte) of aerogel structure nano platelet and mixing nanostructure.Described aerogel polymkeric substance, as polyurethane-polyurea aerogel, aerogel, polyimide aerogels, synthetic polyolefine aerogel, by the chemical of phenol one formaldehyde or melamine one formaldehyde, polymeric amide is by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP), aerogel prepared by the crosslinked aerosil of urine, the crosslinked vanadium aerogel of urine.
Equipment in life is as multi-form porous nanometer materials such as baffle plate, earplug, earmuffs, and described porous nanometer material gradient distribution is applicable to the space that mass density constantly changes.
Table 1
| Aerogel material | Density (gram/cc) | Sound transmission loss (decibel/centimetre) |
| Polyureas aerogel | 0.11 | 22-25 |
| Polyureas aerogel | 0.25 | 30-34 |
| Polyureas aerogel | 0.42 | 50-70 |
| Glue di-silica aerogel | 0.45-0.9 | 35-90 |
| Aerosil woollen blanket | 0.1 | 2-5 |
| Acoustic foam | ＜0.1 | 0-3 |
Shown in table 1, provided the experiment comparative data of using the polymkeric substance of traditional specific acoustic resistance pipe and the acoustic properties of crosslinked nano structural material.Aerogel to polyureas (PUA) is tested, and its density is 0.42g/cm3; 50 decibels/centimetre-70 decibels/centimetre of sound transmission losses; Density is 0.45-0.9g/cm3 polymer latex di-silica aerogel, and sound transmission loss is 35 decibels/centimetre-90 decibels/centimetre; Density is 0.091g/cm
352 decibels/centimetre-65 decibels/centimetre of the sound transmission losses of a polydicyclopentadiene aerogel; Density is 0.25g/cm
3and 0.11g/cm
3polyureas aerogel sound transmission loss is respectively 30 decibels/centimetre-34 decibels/centimetre and 22 decibels/centimetre-25 decibels/centimetre.
For the ease of comparing, together with the result of sound attenuation data and other aerogels is plotted in, sound-proof material as conventional in prior art, its sound attenuation loss is 2 decibels/centimetre-5 decibels/centimetre; The sound attenuation loss that traditional silica aerogel particles that Aspen aerogel woollen blanket forms is embedded in microglass fiber and acoustic foam is 0 decibel/centimetre-3 decibels/centimetre.Known through contrasting, the sound attenuator based on porous nanometer material of the present invention has high sound attenuation performance.
Be illustrated in figure 4 polymer latex connection silica aerogel material schematic diagram.In the sem image of eliminating illiteracy, described black short-term region representation secondary particle, the network of white dashed line region representation secondary particle.Single secondary particle is shown in the enlarged view on the sem image right side that eliminates illiteracy in Fig. 4.Secondary particle is by assembling and the elementary nano SiO 2 particle of crosslinked polynorbornene polymkeric substance forms.
Organic polyureas aerogel material of the thin plate using in above-described embodiment or any shape need to carry out in specific space and weight situation.While considering device, as magnetic resonance imaging system and cylindrical chamber, this is extremely complicated inside cavity structure, and NMR imaging device manufacture requires to reduce overall noise level more than 20 decibels.Cavity around, high-current flow is crossed coil and is produced high-intensity magnetic field, and between galvanic couple coil and the cavity of cylindrical wall, the gap of any material is only between 2 centimetres-3 centimetres.If use traditional material in this thin gap, can only reach the sound transmission loss of 3-7 decibel; But apply polyureas aerogel material of the present invention, can realize the noise loss that is greater than 20 decibels/centimetre-40 decibels/centimetre, referring to table 1.
Sound attenuator based on porous nanometer material of the present invention can reduce high-intensity noise while being applied in aircraft engine.In main cabin, aircraft passenger compartment wall quality is large, thickness is large, and these factors will cause aircraft useful load to reduce and consume fuel increases.When using above-mentioned polyureas aerogel material, realized that aircraft passenger compartment wall quality is light, sound transmission loss is high, reach aircraft industry and manufactured desired lower noise standard.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, and in the situation that not deviating from flesh and blood of the present invention, any distortion it may occur to persons skilled in the art that, improvement, replacement all fall into scope of the present invention.
Claims (15)
1. porous nanometer material, is characterized in that, described porous nanometer material comprises primary particle and the secondary particle being comprised of primary particle.
2. porous nanometer material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described primary particle is nanoparticle.
3. porous nanometer material according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described nanoparticle is silicon dioxide granule.
4. porous nanometer material according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described nanoparticle is superpolymer particle.
5. porous nanometer material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described secondary particle is particulate state.
6. porous nanometer material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described secondary particle is fibrous.
7. porous nanometer material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the hole diameter of described porous nanometer material is 5 nanometers to 10 micron.
8. porous nanometer material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the sound attenuation loss value of described porous nanometer material is between 20 decibels/centimetre to 100 decibels/centimetre.
9. porous nanometer material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described porous nanometer material also comprises the coating that is embedded with secondary particle.
10. porous nanometer material according to claim 9, is characterized in that, described coating at least comprises a kind of polymkeric substance.
11. porous nanometer materials according to claim 10, is characterized in that, described polymkeric substance is a kind of in polyureas, polymethylmethacrylate, polystyrene, polynorbornene.
12. porous nanometer materials according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the diameter of described primary particle is 1 nanometer to 15 nanometer.
13. porous nanometer materials according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the diameter of described secondary particle is 15 nanometers to 2 micron.
14. sound attenuators based on porous nanometer material, is characterized in that, described sound attenuator is sound insulation body.
15. sound attenuators based on porous nanometer material according to claim 14, is characterized in that, described sound insulation body is that the porous nanometer material of being assembled by fractal nano particle is made.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN104464712A (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2015-03-25 | 东华大学 | Preparation method of nano-fiber-foam-based acoustic material |
| CN104997589A (en) * | 2015-07-30 | 2015-10-28 | 南京纳世新材料有限责任公司 | Aerogel anti-noise earplug |
| CN115262788A (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2022-11-01 | 深圳市航天新材科技有限公司 | Composite sound absorption plate with multi-scale hole structure and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104464712A (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2015-03-25 | 东华大学 | Preparation method of nano-fiber-foam-based acoustic material |
| CN104464712B (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2017-12-26 | 东华大学 | A kind of preparation method of nanofiber foam-based sound-absorbing material |
| CN104997589A (en) * | 2015-07-30 | 2015-10-28 | 南京纳世新材料有限责任公司 | Aerogel anti-noise earplug |
| CN115262788A (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2022-11-01 | 深圳市航天新材科技有限公司 | Composite sound absorption plate with multi-scale hole structure and preparation method thereof |
| CN115262788B (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2023-08-15 | 深圳市航天新材科技有限公司 | Composite sound absorption board with multi-scale hole structure and preparation method thereof |
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