CN103692737A - Skin material of high-altitude aerostat and preparation method of skin material - Google Patents
Skin material of high-altitude aerostat and preparation method of skin material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a skin material of a high-altitude aerostat and a preparation method of the skin material. The skin material is a high-barrier, high-strength and low-surface-density material which is formed by gluing and compounding a weather resistant layer, a double-layer single-faced aluminum plated high-barrier membrane, a force bearing layer and a welding layer. The weather resistant layer of the skin material of the high-altitude aerostat has high weather resistance; with the double-layer single-faced aluminum plated high-barrier membrane, the high barrier property and low absorptivity-emissivity ratio to the solar spectrum of the material are realized, and the damage of visible light on the skin material can be effectively prevented; an aromatic polyester fiber fabric layer is used as the force bearing layer and realizes good mechanical performance of the skin material after being compounded; the aerostat can be processed and molded through the high-frequency welding function of the welding layer. According to the skin material disclosed by the invention, a multiple membrane compounding process is employed, which is simple and capable of realizing excellent fit of membrane and membrane as well as membrane and cloth. The produced skin material is light in weight and high in strength, and also high in helium barrier property; the areal density of the skin material is only 144g/m<2>; therefore, the weather resistance and high-altitude service life of the high-altitude aerostat can be well improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aerospace material field, be specifically related to skin material of a kind of high-altitude aerostatics and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
High-altitude aerostatics be a kind of containing propulsion plant, can control the multi-functional flying platform of novel near space of flight, dependence uplift work in sky, the about 20Km of working depth height above sea level.The flight characteristic of aerostatics has determined that it has broad application prospects in fields such as military surveillance, space early warning, communication repeating and space explorations, thereby Guang Shou various countries scientific worker favor.Yet the aloft work environment of aerostatics is very harsh: temperature low (approximately-55 ℃ of minimum temperatures), day and night temperature are large; Atmospheric density is only 1/14 of ground; Ultraviolet radiation, ozonization are strong.Under this kind of environment, work, first require skin material to have extremely low surface density, too high material face density is lost the uplift of aerostatics greatly, is difficult to be raised to stratosphere height; In order to resist intensive ultraviolet radiation and ozone oxidation, require skin material to there is good weatherability; Aerostatics internal temperature constantly changes, and causes covering inside and outside differential pressure to increase, and aerostatics during for long boat overcomes the pressure reduction that variations in temperature causes particularly important; Aerostatics adopts helium as buoyance lift gas more, stays for a long time empty operating characteristic and requires skin material must have splendid resistance helium seepage; Because aerostatics exists pressure reduction inside and outside covering in its military service process, and more service load, so skin material must have enough mechanical properties; The characteristic that also needs skin material to possess good creep-resistant property, sewing process and be easy to repair for maintenance aerostatics profile simultaneously.
The skin material of high-altitude aerostatics, in order to meet above-mentioned combination property requirement, adopts multi-layer compound structure conventionally, and compound sandwich construction is gluedd joint in being mainly by weathering layer, bearing layer, barrier layer and weld layer of having disclosed successively.
For example application number is CN201010241130.6, and the applying date is on 07 30th, 2010, the Chinese invention patent application that publication number is CN101905557A a kind of ultralight stratosphere skin material with high strength and weather resistance of openly knowing clearly.Ultralight stratosphere skin material is comprised of weathering layer, bearing layer, barrier layer and hot sealing layer from outside to inside.Described weathering layer material is for adding the polyurethane film of nano TiO 2; Described bearing layer material is Vectran fiber 200 Denier plains cloth; Described barrier material is EVOH film; Described hot sealing layer material is polyurethane film.The combination property of this skin material (barrier property, weather resistance etc.) need further raising.
Also having application number is 201110240641.0, the applying date is that the Chinese invention patent application that on 08 19th, 2011 publication numbers are CN102416739A discloses a kind of airship sheath material and preparation method thereof, and this skin material comprises anti-aging layer, glue-line, tissue layer, basalis, high-obstruction and weld layer in turn; The material of anti-aging layer is that 1～3%ZnO and mass fraction are 2.5～4%TiO for containing resistance to mass fraction
2thermoplastic polyurethane, thickness is 25～35 microns; The material of high-obstruction is that to contain mass fraction be that 1.5～2.5% grain sizes are the SiO of 20～70nm
2the polyvinyl alcohol of nano particle, thickness is 1～3 micron; The material of weld layer is thermoplastic polyurethane, and thickness is 20～30 microns.The barrier property of described high-obstruction has had certain raising with respect to the general thin as barrier layer, but needs special preparation, and technique is also also difficult for grasping (due to the SiO of different-grain diameter and content
2nano particle has impact to isolation performance).
The present inventor studies layers of material type and the complex method of the skin material of finding above these high-altitude aerostatics that disclosed and mostly can improve, to better meet, intensity is high, quality is light, helium permeability rate is low and the performance requirement such as good weatherability, and the preparation technology's requirement being easy to operate and control.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is just to provide a kind of in order better to meet the skin material and preparation method thereof of the high-altitude aerostatics of above-mentioned requirements.
The skin material of high-altitude provided by the invention aerostatics, mainly comprise: weathering layer, barrier layer, bearing layer and welding glue-line, weathering layer and bearing layer are gluedd joint respectively in the two sides of described barrier layer, welding glue-line is coated on bearing layer, described barrier layer comprises the first Obstruct membrane and the second Obstruct membrane, the first Obstruct membrane and the second Obstruct membrane are all one side aluminized polyester film, by the face of aluminizing, glued joint laminating.
Preferably, the thickness of the first Obstruct membrane and the second Obstruct membrane is respectively 5～10 μ m.
Preferably, the material of weathering layer is Kynoar or ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer film, and the thickness of weathering layer is 20～30 μ m.
Preferably, weathering layer and the first Obstruct membrane glued joint by the first glue layer, the first Obstruct membrane and the second Obstruct membrane glued joint by the second glue layer, the second Obstruct membrane and bearing layer glued joint by the 3rd glue layer, the first glue layer, the second glue layer and the 3rd glue layer adopt identical polyurethane glue, and wherein the 3rd glue layer evenly mixes 18～22 % by weight zinc oxide.
Preferably, bearing layer is the aromatic polyester fiber fabric that has infiltrated polyurethane glue, and bearing layer thickness is 0.15～0.17mm.The weaving method of aromatic polyester fiber fabric preferably adopts Panama weave.
Preferably, welding glue-line is the polyurethane glue-line with high-frequency welding function, and thickness is 40～50 μ m.
The preparation method of the skin material of a kind of high-altitude provided by the invention aerostatics is: first the mode of two-layer Obstruct membrane employing coating gluing is fitted and formed high-obstruction, described two-layer Obstruct membrane is all the one side Obstruct membrane of aluminizing, by the face of aluminizing, fit, cementing and the laminating weathering layer and infiltrate the aromatic polyester fiber fabric that has polyurethane glue respectively on the two sides of high-obstruction again, last on fabric blade coating in order to form the glue of weld layer.
Preferably, the method of described formation high-obstruction is to two layers of one-sided aluminized polyester film, to glued joint compound by laminating machine, wherein one deck aluminized polyester film is after corona, evenly after coating adhesive for polyurethane, and another layer of laminating that aluminized polyester film is aluminized between face, after compound, rolling, slaking.
Preferably, between described two-layer Obstruct membrane and with weathering layer and aromatic polyester fiber fabric between all adopt identical two-component polyurethane adhesive liquid carry out cementing and laminating, wherein Obstruct membrane evenly mixes 18～22 % by weight zinc oxide with the polyurethane glue between aromatic polyester fiber fabric, and described is one pack system hot melt type polyurethane glue in order to form the glue of weld layer.
A kind of preferred version more specifically of the preparation method of the skin material of described high-altitude aerostatics comprises the following steps:
Step 1: be first to glued joint compound by laminating machine to two layers of one-sided aluminized polyester film, wherein one deck aluminized polyester film is after corona, evenly after coating adhesive for polyurethane, and another layer of laminating that aluminized polyester film is aluminized between face, after compound, rolling, at 80 ℃～100 ℃ temperature, slaking is one day;
Step 2: by slaking completely double-deck aluminizer and ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer film or Kynoar weathering layer by even coating adhesive for polyurethane, glued joint compound, rolling, the same step 1 of slaking, obtains sandwich diaphragm;
Step 3: carry out the compound of sandwich diaphragm and fabric, the sandwich diaphragm blade coating gluing first step 2 being obtained, simultaneously, polyester fiber Panama fabric, through shaping glue water retting, after dryness finalization, glueds joint with sandwich diaphragm, rolling after compound, slaking, obtains laminar composite;
Step 4: the laminar composite that step 3 is obtained, aromatic polyester fiber plain cloth blade coating adhesive for polyurethane at dipping shaping glue, after blade coating, laminate composite fabric is through long drying tunnel dry laminating mould release membrance rolling, volatilization in order to ensure adhesive solvent is complete, and drying tunnel length is 10～15m.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: realized that intensity is high, quality is light, helium permeability rate is low and the combination property such as good weatherability, preparation method is easy to operate and control.Separate and say, be mainly reflected in the following aspects:
1, skin material of a kind of applicable high-altitude aerostatics the present invention relates to and preparation method thereof, high-barrier adopts double-deck aluminized mylar compound, compares with conventional individual layer aluminized polyester film, and rub resistance, folding pressure property significantly improve, aluminium coated is difficult for shifting, and barrier properties for gases improves.
2, skin material of a kind of applicable high-altitude aerostatics the present invention relates to and preparation method thereof, the aluminized polyester film adopting has lower absorptivity-emissivity ratio, effectively reduce the fluctuation of the covering inside and outside differential pressure that variations in temperature causes, improved the security to aerostatics operation.
3, skin material of a kind of applicable high-altitude aerostatics the present invention relates to and preparation method thereof, supporting course is selected the aromatic polyester fiber Panama fabric of superhigh intensity, adopts Panama braiding, and gained fabric side density is only 48～51g/m
2, reached the high-strength requirement of light weight.
4, skin material of a kind of applicable high-altitude aerostatics the present invention relates to and preparation method thereof, the Panama fabric that bearing layer is selected, before compound with film, is made impregnation process through sizing glue, has improved the resistance to tension of fabric, is conducive to the compound of fabric and film.
5, skin material of a kind of applicable high-altitude aerostatics the present invention relates to and preparation method thereof, has added zinc oxide in the time of the compound fluorine-contained film of outermost layer, further protect fiber to avoid ultraviolet radiation, guarantees the mechanical strength of supporting course, improves material lifetime.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the version schematic diagram of a kind of high-altitude of the present invention aerostatics skin material;
Wherein: 1-weathering layer, 2-the first glue layer, 3-first intercepts rete, 4-the second glue layer, 5-the second Obstruct membrane, 6-the 3rd glue layer, 7-bearing layer, 8-welds glue-line.
Fig. 2 a, 2b and 2c are the flow chart of the several key steps of preparation technology of a kind of high-altitude of the present invention aerostatics skin material.
The specific embodiment
A kind of specific embodiment that is applicable to the skin material of high-altitude aerostatics provided by the invention is, by weathering layer, barrier layer, bearing layer and welding glue-line (or be called for short weld layer), glued joint and be composited respectively from outside to inside, possess that intensity is high, quality light, helium permeability rate is low and the performance characteristics of good weatherability simultaneously.
The weathering layer of described high-altitude aerostatics skin material is positioned at the outermost layer of skin material, with opposing high-altitude intensive ultraviolet radiation and ozone corrosion, selected material is Kynoar (PVDF) film or ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE) film, there is excellent weatherability, anti-crease property, mar proof, resistance helium and service life.The film of process sided corona treatment, as weathering layer, is also easy to and other retes bondings.
Described barrier layer is for using the cementing two-layer compound one side aluminized polyester film (AL-PET) of adhesive for polyurethane; resistance helium, shear strength, toughness and the light reflectivity of skin material have been improved; can effectively protect fabric, maintain and stablize aerostatics internal temperature.Individual layer aluminized polyester film surface density is 10～12g/m
2, thickness is preferably 6～8 μ m.
Described bearing layer is aromatic polyester fiber fabric, is mainly used to bear the intensity of pressing and guarantee skin material in aerostatics.The weaving method of this fabric adopts Panama weave, once weave plurality of fibers, so gained fabric side density is only at 48～51g/m
2.This fabric has excellent mechanical property, all more stable in most organic solvents, is beneficial to dry type laminating production.
Described tack coat selects two-component polyurethane adhesive to stick agent, there is good adhesion strength, and outstanding anti-ultraviolet property, simultaneously compound with sneaking into 19～21% zinc oxide in adhesive at film and bearing layer fabric, can make fabric in the situation that adventitia punctures, avoid by ultraviolet direct projection.
Described weld layer is selected has the single-component polyurethane adhesive of the fusible feature of hot melt repeatedly, and adhesion strength is higher, is beneficial to sewing process and the toolability in later stage.
In order to get more information about the structure of the skin material of described high-altitude aerostatics, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, describe.As shown in Figure 1, each layer of structure is followed successively by: weathering layer 1, the first glue layer 2, the first intercepts rete 3, the second glue layer 4, the second Obstruct membrane 5, the three glue layer 6, bearing layer 7 and welding glue-line 8.
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, preparation technology of the present invention is described in further detail.
Step 1: as shown in Figure 2 a, be first to glued joint compound by laminating machine to two-layer 7 μ m one side aluminized polyester films.Wherein one deck aluminized polyester film, after corona, is evenly coated with after adhesive for polyurethane, and another layer of laminating that aluminized polyester film is aluminized between face.After compound, rolling, slaking 24h under the curing temperature of 80 ℃.
Step 2: as shown in Figure 2 b, by slaking completely double-deck aluminizer (being expressed as composite membrane 1 in figure) and ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer film or Kynoar weatherable films glued joint compoundly, complex method and step 1 are similar.Rolling, the same step 1 of slaking.
Step 3: as shown in Figure 2 c, carry out the compound of sandwich diaphragm and fabric.The sandwich diaphragm first step 2 being obtained (being expressed as composite membrane 2 in figure) blade coating gluing.Meanwhile, polyester fiber Panama fabric, through shaping glue water retting, after dryness finalization, glueds joint with sandwich diaphragm.Rolling after compound, slaking.
Step 4: the laminar composite that step 3 is obtained, at the aromatic polyester fiber plain cloth blade coating adhesive for polyurethane of dipping shaping glue.After blade coating, laminate composite fabric is through long drying tunnel dry laminating mould release membrance rolling.Volatilization in order to ensure adhesive solvent is complete, and drying tunnel length is advisable in 15m left and right.
Helium barrier layer in present embodiment, selects the compound replacement individual layer of double-deck 7 μ m aluminized polyester film aluminized polyester film, compound rear resistance helium test discovery, and helium permeability rate is only 6ml/m
224h0.1MPa, far below the 0.5L/m requiring
224h0.1MPa, and adopt the glutinous agent of polyether-type two-component polyurethane adhesive compound to two-layer 7 μ m aluminized polyester films, compare more soft with common skin material, the double-deck composite aluminium-plated polyester film of 7 μ m and 12 μ m aluminized polyester films contrast through rubbing test, discovery 12 μ m aluminized polyester film aluminium coateds after rubbing have been peeled off transfer, and the composite aluminium-plated polyester film of double-deck 7 μ m still keeps good bond effect.Compare with individual layer aluminized polyester film, high-altitude of the present invention aerostatics skin material is more conducive to post-production making and does not lose original barrier property.
In the employing fluorine-contained film of innovating in present embodiment and undercoating, add zinc oxide synergy, improve the weatherability of skin material, to guarantee that aerostatics is long-term under high outage ultraviolet radiation and ozone corrosive environment, stay sky, and mechanical property and resistance helium seepage property do not decline.The ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer film of selecting has good weatherability, through accelerated aging test, proves and can reach its service life more than 20 years, adds zinc oxide and can effectively absorb ultraviolet ray in tack coat, improves the service life of skin material.
In present embodiment, use aromatic polyester fiber Panama fabric as the bearing layer of skin material, can effectively reach the high-strength light of material.The concrete performance data of skin material is as follows:
1, gained skin material after concrete enforcement, according to ASTM D1434 standard, the experiment of test resistance helium seepage is obtained a result respectively: 6.015ml/(m
224h0.1MPa), 6.971ml/(m
224h0.1MPa), 6.032ml/(m
224h0.1MPa).
2, gained skin material after concrete enforcement, surface density test experiments result is as following table:
It is 144g/ ㎡ that skin material amounts to grammes per square metre.
3, gained skin material after concrete enforcement, adopts the welding of thermal weld technology with self-control heat seal band, records peel strength and reaches 100N/80mm.
4, after concrete enforcement, the tensile strength test of gained skin material is according to GB/T3820-1997, and drawn testing machine is tested, and the warp-wise tensile strength of skin material is 1105.2N/cm, and broadwise tensile strength is 1307.5N/cm.
Claims (10)
1. the skin material of a high-altitude aerostatics, mainly comprise: weathering layer (1), barrier layer, bearing layer (7) and welding glue-line (8), it is characterized in that: weathering layer (1) and bearing layer (7) are gluedd joint respectively in the two sides of described barrier layer, welding glue-line (8) is coated on bearing layer (7), described barrier layer comprises the first Obstruct membrane (3) and the second Obstruct membrane (5), the first Obstruct membrane (3) and the second Obstruct membrane (5) are all one side aluminized polyester film, by the face of aluminizing, glued joint laminating.
2. the skin material of high-altitude according to claim 1 aerostatics, is characterized in that: the thickness of the first Obstruct membrane (3) and the second Obstruct membrane (5) is respectively 5～10 μ m.
3. the skin material of high-altitude according to claim 1 aerostatics, is characterized in that: the material of weathering layer (1) is Kynoar or ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer film, and the thickness of weathering layer (1) is 20～30 μ m.
4. the skin material of high-altitude according to claim 1 aerostatics, it is characterized in that: weathering layer (1) and the first Obstruct membrane (3) glued joint by the first glue layer (2), the first Obstruct membrane (3) and the second Obstruct membrane (5) glued joint by the second glue layer (4), the second Obstruct membrane (5) and bearing layer (7) glued joint by the 3rd glue layer (6), the first glue layer (2), the second glue layer (4) and the 3rd glue layer (6) adopt identical polyurethane glue, and wherein the 3rd glue layer (6) evenly mixes 18～22 % by weight zinc oxide.
5. the skin material of high-altitude according to claim 1 aerostatics, is characterized in that: bearing layer (7) is for having infiltrated the aromatic polyester fiber fabric of polyurethane glue, and bearing layer (7) thickness is 0.15～0.17mm.
6. the skin material of high-altitude according to claim 1 aerostatics, is characterized in that: welding glue-line (8) is for having the polyurethane glue-line of high-frequency welding function, and thickness is 40～50 μ m.
7. the preparation method of the skin material of a high-altitude aerostatics, it is characterized in that: first the mode of two-layer Obstruct membrane employing coating gluing is fitted and formed high-obstruction, described two-layer Obstruct membrane is all the one side Obstruct membrane of aluminizing, by the face of aluminizing, fit, cementing and the laminating weathering layer and infiltrate the aromatic polyester fiber fabric that has polyurethane glue respectively on the two sides of high-obstruction again, last on fabric blade coating in order to form the glue of weld layer.
8. the preparation method of the skin material of high-altitude according to claim 7 aerostatics, it is characterized in that: the method for described formation high-obstruction is to two layers of one-sided aluminized polyester film, to glued joint compound by laminating machine, wherein one deck aluminized polyester film is after corona, evenly after coating adhesive for polyurethane, and another layer of laminating that aluminized polyester film is aluminized between face, after compound, rolling, slaking.
9. the preparation method of the skin material of high-altitude according to claim 7 aerostatics, it is characterized in that between described two-layer Obstruct membrane and with weathering layer and aromatic polyester fiber fabric between all adopt identical two-component polyurethane adhesive liquid to carry out cementing and laminating, wherein Obstruct membrane evenly mixes 18～22 % by weight zinc oxide with the polyurethane glue between aromatic polyester fiber fabric, and described is one pack system hot melt type polyurethane glue in order to form the glue of weld layer.
10. the preparation method of the skin material of high-altitude according to claim 7 aerostatics, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
Step 1: be first to glued joint compound by laminating machine to two layers of one-sided aluminized polyester film, wherein one deck aluminized polyester film is after corona, evenly after coating adhesive for polyurethane, and another layer of laminating that aluminized polyester film is aluminized between face, after compound, rolling, at 80 ℃～100 ℃ temperature, slaking is one day;
Step 2: by slaking completely double-deck aluminizer and ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer film or Kynoar weathering layer by even coating adhesive for polyurethane, glued joint compound, rolling, the same step 1 of slaking, obtains sandwich diaphragm;
Step 3: carry out the compound of sandwich diaphragm and fabric, the sandwich diaphragm blade coating gluing first step 2 being obtained, simultaneously, polyester fiber Panama fabric, through shaping glue water retting, after dryness finalization, glueds joint with sandwich diaphragm, rolling after compound, slaking, obtains laminar composite;
Step 4: the laminar composite that step 3 is obtained, aromatic polyester fiber plain cloth blade coating adhesive for polyurethane at dipping shaping glue, after blade coating, laminate composite fabric is through long drying tunnel dry laminating mould release membrance rolling, volatilization in order to ensure adhesive solvent is complete, and drying tunnel length is 10～15m.
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