CN103682387A - Application of polymer porous separation membrane in liquid flow energy storage battery - Google Patents
Application of polymer porous separation membrane in liquid flow energy storage battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN103682387A CN103682387A CN201210328163.3A CN201210328163A CN103682387A CN 103682387 A CN103682387 A CN 103682387A CN 201210328163 A CN201210328163 A CN 201210328163A CN 103682387 A CN103682387 A CN 103682387A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0239—Organic resins; Organic polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention relates to application of a polymer porous separation membrane in a liquid flow energy storage battery. The porous separation membrane is a polyvinylidene fluoride porous separation membrane with controllable pore diameter, wherein the molecular weight of polyvinylidene fluoride is between 10,000 and 100,000, the pore diameter of the porous membrane is distributed in the range of 0.1-500nm, the porosity is 30-90 percent, and the membrane thickness is 30-1,000um. The membrane materials are simple in preparation method, good in chemical stability and controllable in pore diameter, and large-scale production can be easily realized; The prepared membrane material can easily realize separation of ions with different valence states, and keep the ion selectivity of membranes. Furthermore, the membrane materials can transfer ions without introducing any ion exchange groups, so that the selection range of liquid flow energy storage battery membrane materials can be expanded.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to liquid flow energy storage battery and use diffusion barrier field, the particularly application of a kind of polyalcohol stephanoporate diffusion barrier in liquid flow energy storage battery.
Background technology
The advantages such as vanadium redox battery (VFB) has capacity and power is separate, energy conversion efficiency is high, the harmless deep discharge of large electric current, long service life, easy to operate and maintenance, can be widely used in the aspects such as energy storage device, emergency power system, power station energy storage and electric power system peak load shifting, load levelling of regenerative resource.
Film is the important component part of vanadium cell, and it plays and intercepts positive and negative electrode electrolyte, and the effect of proton transport passage is provided.The proton-conducting of film, chemical stability and ion selectivity etc. directly affect chemical property and the useful life of vanadium cell; Therefore require film to there is lower active material permeability (having higher selectivity) and lower surface resistance (having higher ionic conductance), also should there is good chemical stability and lower cost simultaneously.The Nafion film that the main membrane material using is mainly du pont company's exploitation both at home and abroad now, Nafion film has excellent performance at aspects such as chemical property and useful lifes, but be applied to exist ion selectivity low in vanadium redox battery, the shortcoming such as expensive, thus limited the industrial applications of this film.Therefore, exploitation has high selectivity, high stability and battery diaphragm is most important cheaply.
The novel VFB battery diaphragm of developing at present, is amberplex, contains the polymer of ion-exchange group, as sulfonated poly aryl ether ketone, polyether sulphone, polyimides etc.Wherein ion-exchange group, plays transmission proton, the effect of isolation vanadium ion, and main polymer chain guarantees the mechanical performance of film.But concerning most non-fluorinated polymers, the introducing of ion-exchange group, greatly reduces the oxidation stability of film, has limited the life-span of film in VFB.
In order to address the above problem, we utilize the difference of vanadium ion and hydrogen ion Stokes radius first, polymer gradient perforated membrane has been incorporated in all-vanadium flow battery barrier film, this film does not need to introduce ion-exchange group, as long as by simple aperture adjustment, just can realize vanadium ion and hydrionic selectivity are seen through, realize its application.
Polyvinylidene fluoride polymer is closed owing to closing bond with higher fluorine one carbonization of bond energy in chemical constitution, has excellent thermal stability, chemical stability and mechanical characteristic.The problem existing is that fine and close polyvinylidene fluoride film cannot be used as amberplex, and by modification as grafting or sulfonation, can reduce the corresponding performance of this polymer.Therefore, the present invention adopts Kynoar to prepare perforated membrane, by aperture control, realizes vanadium ion and hydrionic screening, thereby has solved the problem of the polymer stabilizing decline causing due to graft sulfonation.
Summary of the invention
The present invention, for addressing the above problem, provides a kind of porous diffusion barrier to be applied in liquid flow energy storage battery.
For achieving the above object, the complete technical scheme that the present invention adopts is as follows,
A kind of polymer has the application of pore separation membrane in liquid flow energy storage battery, described porous diffusion barrier is the controlled Kynoar porous diffusion barrier in aperture, the molecular weight of Kynoar is between 10000-100000, the pore-size distribution of perforated membrane is at 0.1-500nm, porosity is 30%-90%, and film thickness is 30-1000um.
Described porous diffusion barrier is prepared from by phase inversion, and detailed process is as follows: polymer is dissolved in polymer good solvent.Then solution is applied to glass plate, corrosion resistant plate, or in the first-class substrate of nonwoven fabrics, volatilization certain hour, immerses in the poor solvent of polymer, solidifies, and is formed with pore separation membrane.Pore size, by controlling polymer concentration, cosolvent ratio, and the volatilization time realize.
1) Kynoar be dissolved in organic solvent or Kynoar be dissolved in the mixed solvent of organic solvent and THF or n-hexane formation, the solution that formation concentration is 5-40wt%; Organic solvent is one or two or more kinds in DMSO, DMF or DMAC; In mixed solvent, organic solvent volumetric usage is more than 50%;
2) solution in step 1) is directly applied on glass plate or nonwoven fabrics, after volatilizing 0-2 minute, immerses 1-60 minute in the poor solvent of Kynoar in air, form porous diffusion barrier.
This poor solvent is one or two or more kinds in water, ethanol, methyl alcohol, ether, acetone, chloroform, benzinum or propyl alcohol.
Described porous diffusion barrier can also be prepared from as follows, more even with the method gained pore size, pore size distribution, pore structure, can accurately control by the content of inorganic salts and polymer, the factors such as molecular weight of polymer.
1) Kynoar and water-soluble inorganic salt or Kynoar and water-soluble polymer are dissolved in one or two or more kinds the organic solvent in DMSO, DMF and DMAC, form the solution of 2-40wt%;
2) solution of preparation is directly applied to glass plate or stainless steel flat plate, 25-100 ℃ of volatilization, dries film forming;
3) by step 2) film immerses in 20-80 ℃ of water and soaks 24 hours, forms porous diffusion barrier.
Described inorganic salts are NaCl, KCl, Na
2sO
4, K
2sO
4, NaNO
3, KNO
3in one or two or more kinds; Water-soluble polymer is one or two or more kinds in polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, polymine, polyvinyl alcohol;
The mass ratio of Kynoar and water-soluble inorganic salt is between 1:0.3-1:5, and the mass ratio of Kynoar and water-soluble polymer is between 1:0.05-1:1.
Described porous diffusion barrier can be used in liquid flow energy storage battery, and described liquid flow energy storage battery comprises all-vanadium liquid flow energy storage battery, zinc/bromine flow battery, sodium polysulfide/bromine redox flow cell, iron/chrome liquor galvanic battery, vanadium/bromine flow battery or zinc/cerium flow battery.
Perforated membrane application principle in flow battery, as Fig. 1, requires barrier film can hold back to greatest extent vanadium ion, but guarantees that hydrogen ion freely passes through.
Useful result of the present invention is:
(1) porous diffusion barrier of the present invention aperture is controlled, by controlling pore size, realize the separated of different ions and transmit, do not need to introduce any ion-exchange group, avoided the reduction of the polymer oxidation stability that the introducing due to ion-exchange group causes.
(2) the Kynoar porous diffusion barrier of the present invention's utilization has excellent mechanical stability, thermal stability and chemical stability.
(3) the present invention has realized the controllability to all-vanadium flow battery efficiency.
(4) the present invention has expanded the range of choice of liquid flow energy storage battery membrane material.
Figure of description
Fig. 1 is the application principle figure of porous diffusion barrier in VFB;
Fig. 2 is the charging and discharging curve of embodiment 1,2,3.
Embodiment
The following examples are to further illustrate of the present invention, rather than limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
The Kynoar of 1.8 gram-molecular weights 50000 is dissolved in 10mlDMAC, stirs 12 hours, and the polymer solution of formation, is laid in glass plate, then immerses rapidly in 5L water, solidifies, and forms porous diffusion barrier.The structure of film is typical asymmetric perforated membrane, a dense layer surface and macropore supporting layer, consists of.Hymeniderm layer aperture is about 50nm, and porosity is 70%, and thickness is 70 microns.
Utilize the pore separation membrane that has of preparation to assemble vanadium redox battery, activated carbon-fiber felt is Catalytic Layer, and graphite cake is bipolar plates, and film effective area is 9cm
-2, current density is 80mA cm
-2, in electrolyte, vanadium ion concentration is 1.50mol L
-1, H
2sO
4concentration is 3mol L
-1.The flow battery current efficiency of assembling is 74.6%, and voltage efficiency is 89.7%, and energy efficiency is 67%.
Embodiment 2
2.1 grams of Kynoar nitriles are dissolved in 10mlDMAC, stir 12 hours, and the polymer solution of formation, is laid in glass plate,, then immerse rapidly in 5L water, solidify, form porous diffusion barrier.Hymeniderm layer aperture is about 40nm, and porosity is 75%, and thickness is 70 microns.
Utilize the pore separation membrane that has of preparation to assemble vanadium redox battery, activated carbon-fiber felt is Catalytic Layer, and graphite cake is bipolar plates, and film effective area is 9cm
-2, current density is 80mA cm
-2, in electrolyte, vanadium ion concentration is 1.50mol L
-1, H
2sO
4concentration is 3mol L
-1.The flow battery current efficiency of assembling is 92.1%, and voltage efficiency is 86.2%, and energy efficiency is 79.4%.
Embodiment 3
2.3 grams of Kynoar are dissolved in 10mlDMAC, stir 12 hours, and the polymer solution of formation, is laid in glass plate, then immerse rapidly in 5L water, solidify, and are formed with pore separation membrane.Hymeniderm layer aperture is about 30nm, and porosity is 80%, and thickness is 70 microns.
Utilize the pore separation membrane that has of preparation to assemble vanadium redox battery, activated carbon-fiber felt is Catalytic Layer, and graphite cake is bipolar plates, and film effective area is 9cm
-2, current density is 80mA cm
-2, in electrolyte, vanadium ion concentration is 1.50mol L
-1, H
2sO
4concentration is 3mol L
-1.The flow battery current efficiency of assembling is 96.8%, and voltage efficiency is 74.5%, and energy efficiency is 72.1%.Can find out embodiment 1-3, along with reducing of membrane aperture, battery coulombic efficiency increases, and energy efficiency is also improving thereupon, and voltage efficiency keeps identical level.Illustrate, along with the reduction of membrane aperture, its ion selectivity increases substantially, thereby causes its coulombic efficiency to increase substantially.
Embodiment 4
2.1 grams of Kynoar are dissolved in 8mlDMAC+2mlTHF, stir 12 hours, and the polymer solution of formation, is laid in glass plate,, then immerse rapidly in 5L water, solidify, form porous diffusion barrier.
Utilize the pore separation membrane that has of preparation to assemble vanadium redox battery, activated carbon-fiber felt is Catalytic Layer, and graphite cake is bipolar plates, and film effective area is 9cm
-2, current density is 80mA cm
-2, in electrolyte, vanadium ion concentration is 1.50mol L
-1, H
2sO
4concentration is 3mol L
-1.The flow battery current efficiency of assembling is 94.4%, and voltage efficiency is 78.5%, and energy efficiency is 74.1%.
Embodiment 5
2.1 grams of Kynoar and 0.2gNaCl are dissolved in 10mlDMAC and stir and form polymer solution in 12 hours, are laid on glass plate, and 60 degree volatilizations 12 hours, peel off.Film after peeling off is soaked in 80 degree water, soaks 24 hours, form perforated membrane.
Embodiment 6
2.1 grams of Kynoar and 0.4gNaCl are dissolved in 10mlDMAC and stir and form polymer solution in 12 hours, are laid on glass plate, and 60 degree volatilizations 12 hours, peel off.Film after peeling off is soaked in 80 degree water, soaks 24 hours, form perforated membrane.
Embodiment 7
2.1 grams of Kynoar and 0.2g polyvinylpyrrolidone are dissolved in 10mlDMAC and stir and form polymer solution in 12 hours, are laid on glass plate, and 60 degree volatilizations 12 hours, peel off.Film after peeling off is soaked in 80 degree water, soaks 24 hours, form perforated membrane.
Embodiment 8
2.1 grams of Kynoar and 0.4g cetomacrogol 1000 are dissolved in 10mlDMAC and stir and form polymer solution in 12 hours, are laid on glass plate, and 60 degree volatilizations 12 hours, peel off.Film after peeling off is soaked in 80 degree water, soaks 24 hours, form perforated membrane.
Claims (5)
1. a polymer has the application of pore separation membrane in liquid flow energy storage battery, it is characterized in that: described porous diffusion barrier is the controlled Kynoar porous diffusion barrier in aperture, the molecular weight of Kynoar is between 10000-100000, the pore-size distribution of perforated membrane is at 0.1-500nm, porosity is 30%-90%, and film thickness is 30-1000um.
2. application according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described porous diffusion barrier is prepared from by phase inversion,
1) Kynoar be dissolved in organic solvent or Kynoar be dissolved in the mixed solvent of organic solvent and THF or n-hexane formation, the solution that formation concentration is 5-40wt%; Organic solvent is one or two or more kinds in DMSO, DMF or DMAC; In mixed solvent, organic solvent volumetric usage is more than 50%;
2) solution in step 1) is directly applied on glass plate or nonwoven fabrics, after volatilizing 0-2 minute, immerses 1-60 minute in the poor solvent of Kynoar in air, form porous diffusion barrier;
3) this poor solvent is one or two or more kinds in water, ethanol, methyl alcohol, ether, acetone, chloroform, benzinum or propyl alcohol.
3. application according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described porous diffusion barrier can also be prepared from as follows,
1) Kynoar and water-soluble inorganic salt or Kynoar and water-soluble polymer are dissolved in one or two or more kinds the organic solvent in DMSO, DMF and DMAC, form the solution of 2-40wt%;
2) solution of preparation is directly applied to glass plate or stainless steel flat plate, 25-100 ℃ of volatilization, dries film forming;
3) by step 2) film immerses in 20-80 ℃ of water and soaks 24 hours, forms porous diffusion barrier.
4. application according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described inorganic salts are NaCl, KCl, Na
2sO
4, K
2sO
4, NaNO
3, KNO
3in one or two or more kinds; Water-soluble polymer is one or two or more kinds in polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, polymine, polyvinyl alcohol;
The mass ratio of Kynoar and water-soluble inorganic salt is between 1:0.3-1:5, and the mass ratio of Kynoar and water-soluble polymer is between 1:0.05-1:1.
5. the application as described in as arbitrary in claim 1-4, it is characterized in that: described porous diffusion barrier can be used in liquid flow energy storage battery, described liquid flow energy storage battery comprises all-vanadium liquid flow energy storage battery, zinc/bromine flow battery, sodium polysulfide/bromine redox flow cell, iron/chrome liquor galvanic battery, vanadium/bromine flow battery or zinc/cerium flow battery.
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CN105226222A (en) * | 2014-07-03 | 2016-01-06 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | The application of porous septum in flow battery of hydrophilic modification |
CN105304847A (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2016-02-03 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Application of heat-resistant porous diaphragm to lithium ion battery |
CN105742548A (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2016-07-06 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Application of porous membrane in neutral system zinc-iron flow battery |
CN105742678A (en) * | 2016-04-07 | 2016-07-06 | 香港科技大学 | Polymer film applied to redox flow battery and preparation method and application thereof |
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CN102569839A (en) * | 2010-12-10 | 2012-07-11 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Inorganic matter-filled poriferous composite membrane for liquid flow energy-storage cell and use thereof |
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