CN103682316A - Method for preparing ternary anode material of long-service-life and high-capacity lithium ion battery - Google Patents

Method for preparing ternary anode material of long-service-life and high-capacity lithium ion battery Download PDF

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CN103682316A
CN103682316A CN201310711940.7A CN201310711940A CN103682316A CN 103682316 A CN103682316 A CN 103682316A CN 201310711940 A CN201310711940 A CN 201310711940A CN 103682316 A CN103682316 A CN 103682316A
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cathode material
lithium
tertiary cathode
lithium ion
long
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CN103682316B (en
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王振波
忤瑨
玉富达
刘宝生
薛原
张音
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/50Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
    • H01M4/505Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/52Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
    • H01M4/525Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

A method for preparing a ternary anode material of a long-service-life and high-capacity lithium ion battery and belongs to the technical field of material synthesis. The method comprises the following steps: weighing a lithium source and NixCoyMnz(OH)2, uniformly mixing, pre-burning at a temperature of 400-600 DEG C for 2-6 h, and forging at a temperature of 700-1000 DEG C for 6-16 h; uniformly mixing the ternary anode material, the lithium source and nanometer TiO2; forging at a temperature of 700-950 DEG C for 3-8 h to obtain the ternary anode material which is prepared by twice lithium adding and twice forging. The ternary anode material is prepared through twice lithium adding and twice forging, and the extra lithium source which is introduced through twice lithium adding and twice forging is electrochemically pre-embedded in an anode. Meanwhile, the Li+ diffusion rate can be effectively increased through the doping of Ti4+, and the irreversible capacity loss is reduced. In an interval of 2.3-4.6 V, a discharging platform is prolonged, and the first discharging capacity, the cyclic performance and the rate performance of the material are obviously improved. The method is simple, effective, economical and practical and has a remarkable industrial application effect.

Description

The preparation method of long-life, high-capacity lithium ion cell tertiary cathode material
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of material synthesis technology, relate to a kind of preparation method of anode material for lithium-ion batteries, relate in particular to the preparation method of long-life, high-capacity lithium ion cell tertiary cathode material.
Background technology
Lithium ion battery, as another secondary cell after lead-acid battery, nickel-cadmium cell and Ni-MH battery, has the remarkable advantages such as memory-less effect, operating voltage is high, self-discharge rate is little, is the one preferred technique that solves the problems such as the contemporary energy and biological environment.In recent years, lithium ion battery is used widely in high-energy battery field, and expands to gradually electrokinetic cell field.
In lithium ion battery forms, positive electrode is determining the main performance of battery.Lithium ion battery ternary material LiNi 1-x-yco xmn yo 2due to high gram volume, the advantage such as fail safe is good, with low cost, operating voltage is mated with existing electrolyte, non-environmental-pollution, the positive electrode that is considered to replace cobalt acid lithium and has development potentiality receives much concern always.But the poor shortcoming of existing tertiary cathode material cycle performance has restricted its development as electrokinetic cell, and as the power battery anode material that has potential using value, its energy density still needs further to be improved.
Usually, battery can be because forming solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film in battery cathode (lithium metal or graphite cathode etc.) when first charge-discharge, this SEI film forming process is irreversible, consumed the part lithium source in positive electrode, seriously limit the utilance of positive electrode, reduced actual reversible specific capacity and the cycle performance of lithium ion battery.
As can be seen here, the spontaneous process of SEI film has become the technical bottleneck of limiting lithium ion performance, in the urgent need to research and development, can offset the technical matters that SEI film forms the negative effect that brings, for the preparation of high power capacity, extended-life lithium ion battery provides technical guarantee.
Summary of the invention
The preparation method who the object of this invention is to provide a kind of long-life, high-capacity lithium ion cell tertiary cathode material, adds lithium calcining by secondary and prepares tertiary cathode material, and the extra lithium source anticathode that utilizes secondary to add lithium calcining introducing carries out the pre-embedding lithium of electrochemistry.Meanwhile, Ti 4+doping can effectively improve Li +diffusion rate, reduces irreversible capacity loss.In 2.3 ~ 4.6V interval, discharge platform extends, and discharge capacity first, cycle performance and the high rate performance of material significantly improve.The present invention is simply effective, economical and practical, industrial applications successful.
The present invention prepares long-life, high-capacity lithium ion cell tertiary cathode material in accordance with the following steps:
One, Li:Ni in molar ratio xco ymn z(OH) 2=1 ~ 1.2:1 takes lithium source and ternary material presoma Ni xco ymn z(OH) 2evenly mix, with 5 ~ 10 ℃/min heating rate, from room temperature, rise to 400 ~ 600 ℃, pre-burning 2 ~ 6 h, then rise to 700 ~ 1000 ℃ with identical heating rate, calcining 6 ~ 16 h, obtain tertiary cathode material;
Two, by the tertiary cathode material obtaining, lithium source and nano-TiO 21:0.02 ~ 0.15:0 ~ 0.05 takes and mixes in molar ratio, and this step lithium used source is identical with step 1 lithium derived components used;
Three, mixture is risen to 700 ~ 950 ℃ with 5 ~ 10 ℃/min heating rate from room temperature, calcining 3 ~ 8 h, obtain secondary and add lithium calcining tertiary cathode material.
In above-mentioned preparation method, described ternary forerunner Ni xco ymn z(OH) 2d50 particle diameter be 5 ~ 10 microns.
In above-mentioned preparation method, described ternary forerunner Ni xco ymn z(OH) 2in, x:y:z=1:1:1,5:2:3,70:15:15,8:1:1 or 42:16:42.
In above-mentioned preparation method, described ternary precursor Ni xco ymn z(OH) 2can buy acquisition by business, also can adopt following coprecipitation to obtain:
In molar ratio for 1:1:1,5:2:3,70:15:15,8:1:1 or 42:16:42 take respectively nickel source compound, cobalt source compound, manganese source compound, and be dissolved in deionized water and mix, precipitation reagent NaOH or sodium carbonate and a certain amount of complexing agent ammoniacal liquor are dropwise added wherein, controlling slaine and ammoniacal liquor mol ratio is 1:0.75, the pH value of reaction is between 8 ~ 12,50 ~ 60 ℃ of reaction 4 ~ 16 h, and take speed as 400 ~ 800 revs/min of constantly stirrings, reaction finishes rear suction filtration, cyclic washing, remove impurity, after being dried, obtain tertiary cathode material presoma.
In above-mentioned preparation method, described cobalt source compound is cobaltous sulfate, cobalt acetate or cobalt nitrate; Nickel source compound is nickelous sulfate, nickel hydroxide, nickel acetate or nickel nitrate; Manganese source compound is manganese sulfate, manganese acetate or manganese nitrate.
In above-mentioned preparation method, described lithium source is one or more the mixture in lithium hydroxide, lithium acetate, lithium nitrate, lithium ethoxide, lithium formate, lithium carbonate.
In above-mentioned preparation method, described hybrid mode be liquid phase mix and solid phase mixing in a kind of.
In above-mentioned preparation method, described secondary clacining temperature is lower than calcining heat first.
In above-mentioned preparation method, described calcination atmosphere is air.
The present invention adds lithium calcining by secondary and introduces extra lithium source for tertiary cathode material, and this extra lithium source can, for negative pole carries out the pre-embedding lithium of electrochemistry in activation process, effectively supplement lithium ion battery and consume lithium source because forming SEI film.Meanwhile, Ti 4+doping can effectively improve Li +diffusion rate, reduces irreversible capacity loss.In 2.3 ~ 4.6V interval, discharge platform extends, and discharge capacity first, cycle performance and the high rate performance of material significantly improve.Technique of the present invention is simple, industrial applications successful, and the tertiary cathode material of preparation has higher capacity and excellent cycle performance.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that secondary prepared by the present invention adds the XRD figure that lithium is calcined tertiary cathode material.
Fig. 2 is that secondary prepared by the present invention adds the SEM figure that the multiplication factor of lithium calcining tertiary cathode material is 1800.
Fig. 3 is that secondary prepared by the present invention adds the SEM figure that the multiplication factor of lithium calcining tertiary cathode material is 3500.
Fig. 4 is the charging and discharging curve that the secondary of the specific embodiment of the invention one preparation adds lithium calcining tertiary cathode material.
Fig. 5 is the cycle performance curve (1C multiplying power) that the secondary of the specific embodiment of the invention one preparation adds lithium calcining tertiary cathode material.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, technical scheme of the present invention is further described; but be not limited to this; every technical solution of the present invention is modified or is equal to replacement, and not departing from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, all should be encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment one: present embodiment is prepared in accordance with the following steps secondary and added lithium calcining tertiary cathode material:
One, for 1:1:1, take respectively nickelous sulfate, cobaltous sulfate, manganese sulfate in molar ratio, and mix after being dissolved in deionized water, 2 mol/L precipitation reagent sodium carbonate and a certain amount of complexing agent ammoniacal liquor are dropwise added wherein, controlling slaine and ammoniacal liquor mol ratio is 1:0.75, the pH value of reaction is between 8 ~ 9,60 ℃ of reaction 12 h, and take speed as 600 revs/min of constantly stirrings, reaction finishes rear suction filtration, cyclic washing, remove impurity, 80 ℃ of dry 24 h, synthesis of ternary positive electrode presoma (NiCoMn) is (OH) 2, its D50 particle diameter is 8 microns.
Ternary precursor also can be bought acquisition by business.
Two, Li:NiCoMn (OH) in molar ratio 2=1.05:1 takes lithium hydroxide and tertiary cathode material presoma, and evenly mixes with alcohol mixed solution at deionized water, with 10 ℃/min heating rate, from room temperature, rises to 500 ℃, pre-burning 5 h, with identical heating rate, rise to 950 ℃ again, calcining 13 h, obtain tertiary cathode material;
Three, taking is the tertiary cathode material of 1:0.015:0.002, above-mentioned lithium source, nano-TiO in molar ratio 2, at deionized water, evenly mix with alcohol mixed solution;
Four, said mixture is put into industrialization kiln in air atmosphere, with 20 ℃/min heating rate, from room temperature, risen to 700 ℃ and calcine 8 h, obtain secondary and add lithium calcining tertiary cathode material.
The XRD that secondary prepared by present embodiment adds lithium calcining tertiary cathode material as shown in Figure 1; As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the powder particle that this secondary adds lithium calcining tertiary cathode material is spherical, and average grain diameter is about 10 microns, and BET specific area is 0.21 m 2/ g.The secondary obtaining is added to lithium calcining tertiary cathode material assembly simulation lithium ion battery, carry out electrochemical property test, with 0.2 C activation, carry out, efficiency can reach 86.5% first; As shown in Figure 4, under 1C, charging and discharging capacity can reach respectively 172.2 mAh/g and 171.8 mAh/g; As shown in Figure 5, carry out the rear specific discharge capacity of 50 circulations and can reach 164.1 mAh/g under 1C, capability retention is 95.5%.
Embodiment two: present embodiment is prepared in accordance with the following steps secondary and added lithium calcining tertiary cathode material:
One, for 5:2:3, take respectively nickelous sulfate, cobaltous sulfate, manganese sulfate in molar ratio, and mix after being dissolved in deionized water, 2mol/L precipitation reagent NaOH and a certain amount of complexing agent ammoniacal liquor are dropwise added wherein, controlling slaine and ammoniacal liquor mol ratio is 1:0.75, the pH value of reaction is between 10 ~ 11,60 ℃ of reaction 12h, and take speed as 600 revs/min of constantly stirrings, reaction finishes rear suction filtration, cyclic washing, remove impurity, 80 ℃ of dry 24h, synthesis of ternary positive electrode presoma (Ni 0.5co 0.2mn 0.3) (OH) 2, its D50 particle diameter is 9 microns.
Ternary precursor also can be bought acquisition by business.
Two, Li:(Ni in molar ratio 0.5co 0.2mn 0.3) (OH) 2=1.03:1 takes lithium acetate and tertiary cathode material presoma, and evenly mixes with alcohol mixed solution at deionized water, with 15 ℃/min heating rate, from room temperature, rises to 500 ℃, pre-burning 5 h, with identical heating rate, rise to 900 ℃ again, calcining 12h, obtains tertiary cathode material;
Three, taking is the tertiary cathode material of 1:0.015:0.002, above-mentioned lithium source, nano-TiO in molar ratio 2, at deionized water, evenly mix with alcohol mixed solution;
Four, said mixture is put into industrialization kiln in air atmosphere, with 15 ℃/min heating rate, from room temperature, risen to 800 ℃ and calcine 8 h, obtain secondary and add lithium calcining tertiary cathode material.
The powder particle that secondary prepared by present embodiment adds lithium calcining tertiary cathode material is spherical, and average grain diameter is about 12 microns.The secondary obtaining is added to lithium calcining tertiary cathode material assembly simulation lithium ion battery, carry out electrochemical property test, with 0.2 C activation, carry out, efficiency can reach 85.9% first; Under 1C, charging and discharging capacity can reach respectively 168.7 mAh/g and 167.4 mAh/g; Carry out 50 circulations under 1C after, specific discharge capacity can reach 160.2 mAh/g, and capability retention is 95.7%.
Embodiment three: present embodiment is prepared in accordance with the following steps secondary and added lithium calcining tertiary cathode material:
One, Li:Ni in molar ratio 0.42co 0.16mn 0.42(OH) 2=1.10:1 takes lithium carbonate and tertiary cathode material presoma, and evenly mixes with alcohol mixed solution at deionized water, with 20 ℃/min heating rate, from room temperature, rises to 500 ℃, pre-burning 5 h, with identical heating rate, rise to 1000 ℃ again, calcining 10 h, obtain tertiary cathode material;
Two, taking is the tertiary cathode material of 1:0.015:0.002, above-mentioned lithium source, nano-TiO in molar ratio 2, at deionized water, evenly mix with alcohol mixed solution;
Three, said mixture is put into industrialization kiln in air atmosphere, with 20 ℃/min heating rate, from room temperature, risen to 850 ℃ and calcine 5 h, obtain secondary and add lithium calcining tertiary cathode material.
The powder particle that secondary prepared by present embodiment adds lithium calcining tertiary cathode material is spherical, and average grain diameter is about 10 microns.The secondary obtaining is added to lithium calcining tertiary cathode material assembly simulation lithium ion battery, carry out electrochemical property test, with 0.2 C activation, carry out, efficiency can reach 87.1% first; Under 1C, charging and discharging capacity can reach respectively 174.7 mAh/g and 172.4 mAh/g; Carry out 50 circulations under 1C after, specific discharge capacity can reach 165.4 mAh/g, and capability retention is 95.9%.
Embodiment four: present embodiment is prepared in accordance with the following steps secondary and added lithium calcining tertiary cathode material:
One, Li:Ni in molar ratio 0.70co 0.15mn 0.15(OH) 2=1.05:1 takes lithium source and tertiary cathode material presoma, lithium source is the mixture that lithium acetate, lithium nitrate mass ratio are 1:1, and evenly mix with alcohol mixed solution at deionized water, with 20 ℃/min heating rate, from room temperature, rise to 500 ℃, pre-burning 5 h, with identical heating rate, rise to 1000 ℃ again, calcining 10 h, obtain tertiary cathode material;
Two, taking is the tertiary cathode material of 1:0.015:0.002, above-mentioned lithium source, nano-TiO in molar ratio 2, at deionized water, evenly mix with alcohol mixed solution;
Three, said mixture is put into industrialization kiln in air atmosphere, with 20 ℃/min heating rate, from room temperature, risen to 900 ℃ and calcine 8 h, obtain secondary and add lithium calcining tertiary cathode material.
The powder particle that secondary prepared by present embodiment adds lithium calcining tertiary cathode material is spherical, and average grain diameter is about 11 microns.The secondary obtaining is added to lithium calcining tertiary cathode material assembly simulation lithium ion battery, carry out electrochemical property test, with 0.2 C activation, carry out, efficiency can reach 85.7% first; Under 1C, charging and discharging capacity can reach respectively 166.7 mAh/g and 165.4 mAh/g; Carry out 50 circulations under 1C after, specific discharge capacity can reach 158.8 mAh/g, and capability retention is 96.0%.
Embodiment five: present embodiment is prepared in accordance with the following steps secondary and added lithium calcining tertiary cathode material:
One, by execution mode two, prepare tertiary cathode material forerunner (Ni 0.5co 0.2mn 0.3) (OH) 2, its D50 particle diameter is 9 microns.
Ternary precursor also can be bought acquisition by business.
Two, Li:(Ni in molar ratio 0.5co 0.2mn 0.3) (OH) 2=1.03:1 takes lithium source and tertiary cathode material presoma, lithium source is the mixture that lithium acetate, lithium nitrate and lithium carbonate mass ratio are 1:1:1, and evenly mix with alcohol mixed solution at deionized water, with 15 ℃/min heating rate, from room temperature, rise to 500 ℃, pre-burning 5 h, with identical heating rate, rise to 900 ℃ again, calcining 12h, obtains tertiary cathode material;
Three, taking is the tertiary cathode material of 1:0.015:0.002, above-mentioned lithium source, nano-TiO in molar ratio 2, at deionized water, evenly mix with alcohol mixed solution;
Four, said mixture is put into industrialization kiln in air atmosphere, with 15 ℃/min heating rate, from room temperature, risen to 800 ℃ and calcine 8 h, obtain secondary and add lithium calcining tertiary cathode material.
The powder particle that secondary prepared by present embodiment adds lithium calcining tertiary cathode material is spherical, and average grain diameter is about 12 microns.The secondary obtaining is added to lithium calcining tertiary cathode material assembly simulation lithium ion battery, carry out electrochemical property test, with 0.2 C activation, carry out, efficiency can reach 86.3% first; Under 1C, charging and discharging capacity can reach respectively 171.7 mAh/g and 170.4 mAh/g; Carry out 50 circulations under 1C after, specific discharge capacity can reach 163.2 mAh/g, and capability retention is 95.8%.

Claims (10)

1. the preparation method of long-life, high-capacity lithium ion cell tertiary cathode material, is characterized in that described method step is as follows:
One, Li:Ni in molar ratio xco ymn z(OH) 2=1 ~ 1.2:1 takes lithium source and ternary material presoma Ni xco ymn z(OH) 2evenly mix, with 5 ~ 10 ℃/min heating rate, from room temperature, rise to 400 ~ 600 ℃, pre-burning 2 ~ 6 h, then rise to 700 ~ 1000 ℃ with identical heating rate, calcining 6 ~ 16 h, obtain tertiary cathode material;
Two, by the tertiary cathode material obtaining, lithium source and nano-TiO 21:0.02 ~ 0.15:0 ~ 0.05 takes and mixes in molar ratio;
Three, mixture is risen to 700 ~ 950 ℃ with 5 ~ 10 ℃/min heating rate from room temperature, calcining 3 ~ 8 h, obtain secondary and add lithium calcining tertiary cathode material.
2. the preparation method of long-life according to claim 1, high-capacity lithium ion cell tertiary cathode material, is characterized in that described ternary forerunner Ni xco ymn z(OH) 2d50 particle diameter be 5 ~ 10 microns.
3. the preparation method of long-life according to claim 1 and 2, high-capacity lithium ion cell tertiary cathode material, is characterized in that described ternary forerunner Ni xco ymn z(OH) 2in, x:y:z=1:1:1,5:2:3,70:15:15,8:1:1 or 42:16:42.
4. the preparation method of long-life according to claim 3, high-capacity lithium ion cell tertiary cathode material, is characterized in that described ternary precursor Ni xco ymn z(OH) 2adopt following coprecipitation to obtain:
In molar ratio for 1:1:1,5:2:3,70:15:15,8:1:1 or 42:16:42 take respectively nickel source compound, cobalt source compound, manganese source compound, and be dissolved in deionized water and mix, precipitation reagent NaOH or sodium carbonate and a certain amount of complexing agent ammoniacal liquor are dropwise added wherein, controlling slaine and ammoniacal liquor mol ratio is 1:0.75, the pH value of reaction is between 8 ~ 12,50 ~ 60 ℃ of reaction 4 ~ 16 h, and take speed as 400 ~ 800 revs/min of constantly stirrings, reaction finishes rear suction filtration, cyclic washing, remove impurity, after being dried, obtain tertiary cathode material presoma.
5. the preparation method of long-life according to claim 4, high-capacity lithium ion cell tertiary cathode material, is characterized in that described cobalt source compound is cobaltous sulfate, cobalt acetate or cobalt nitrate.
6. the preparation method of long-life according to claim 4, high-capacity lithium ion cell tertiary cathode material, is characterized in that described nickel source compound is nickelous sulfate, nickel hydroxide, nickel acetate or nickel nitrate.
7. the preparation method of long-life according to claim 4, high-capacity lithium ion cell tertiary cathode material, is characterized in that described manganese source compound is manganese sulfate, manganese acetate or manganese nitrate.
8. the preparation method of long-life according to claim 1, high-capacity lithium ion cell tertiary cathode material, is characterized in that described lithium source is one or more the mixture in lithium hydroxide, lithium acetate, lithium nitrate, lithium ethoxide, lithium formate, lithium carbonate.
9. the preparation method of long-life according to claim 1, high-capacity lithium ion cell tertiary cathode material, is characterized in that described hybrid mode is that liquid phase is mixed or solid phase mixing.
10. the preparation method of long-life according to claim 1, high-capacity lithium ion cell tertiary cathode material, is characterized in that described calcination atmosphere is air.
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