CN103675898B - A kind of method of the time difference caused by quick accurate estimation formation absorption - Google Patents
A kind of method of the time difference caused by quick accurate estimation formation absorption Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention be the raising achievement fidelity in seismic data process a kind of quick accurate estimation formation absorption caused by the time difference method.Determine that method and stratum Q-value evaluation method determine the rough propagation time difference and stratum Q-value first according to the conventional seismic signal propagation time difference, afterwards using gained propagate the time difference and stratum Q-value by the method for iteration obtain corresponding stratomere because stratum Q absorb the caused time difference exact value, the value can be applicable to revise the propagation time value used in conventional treatment, and the accurate propagation time is processed to stratigraphic model foundation, velocity analysiss, static correction etc..The principle of the invention is simple, fast operation, as a result accurately practical.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to seismic exploration technique, it is a kind of quick accurate of raising achievement fidelity in seismic data process
The method of the time difference caused by estimation formation absorption.
Background technology
In petroleum and natural gas seismic prospecting, the propagation time of seismic wave is one of most important parameter：Exploration targets
The seismic data process process such as the determination of form, buried depth and internal structure, oil-gas possibility etc. and formation velocity, static correction
Deng all be unableing to do without the propagation time of seismic wave；So, the accurate propagation time is to seismic data process, or even seismic prospecting is all
Have very important significance.
In seismic prospecting, traditional method is the waveform by seismic wavelet（Or peak time, decrease amount and zero hand over
During fork）To determine the propagation time of seismic wave.It is, artificial two different locations that is read on seismic propagation path respectively
The peak time of the seismic wavelet for being recorded, decrease amount or zero crossing time, and correspondingly received point is reached for representing
Time, the time for deducting the early point of arrival with the time of the late point of arrival are the propagation time of two intersite seismic waves（This is
Traditional manually picked up method）；Or the cross-correlation between the seismic wavelet recorded by two different locations on propagation path
Function is determining the propagation time of two intersite seismic waves（This is traditional cross-correlation method）.The implied base of these ways
This hypothesis is：Seismic wave does not change in the form of communication process neutron deficiency, at least the biography of seismic wavelet different frequency component
Broadcast speed all identical.And in fact, due to stratum Q absorb institute caused by seismic wave frequency dispersion act on, seismic wave is in communication process
In, not only there is the waveform change caused because stratum the energy attenuation relevant with frequency is produced to different frequency component, also companion
With waveform change and time delay caused by the difference institute because of different frequency component spread speed.This is caused by said method
The propagation time of the seismic wave for obtaining can not accurately reflect propagation distance, and then to seismic data process, so seismic prospecting into
Fruit constitutes interference, and caused by making estimation formation absorption institute, the time difference produces error.
Content of the invention
Present invention aim at providing a kind of simple and easy to do, fast operation and the accurate quick accurate estimation ground of result
The method that layer absorbs the caused time difference.
Implementing for the present invention comprises the steps：
1）Earthquake-wave-exciting in the stratum of exploratory area manually, and leaving two different distances of explosive source point
Place, receives and records respectively two seismic signals and do pretreatment to the geological data for being recorded；
Step 1）Described pretreatment includes being observed geological data system definition, puts label.
2）By artificial pickup or the automatic obtaining step 1 of computer）Two seismic signals for being recorded and seismic signal two
Propagation time difference t between individual receiving point；
Step 2）Described artificial pickup refers to take-off time, peak time or the trough for reading seismic signal by naked eyes
Time.
Step 2）Described computer obtains the side referred to by two signals are carried out with cross-correlation or by being similar to automatically
Method obtains time difference t therebetween.
3）Step 1 is asked for respectively）The amplitude spectrum of two seismic signals for being recorded, using step 2）In time difference t, use
Logarithmic spectrum determines the average Q value Q of stratomere between two receiving points than method；
4）According to step 2）In obtained by time difference t and step 3）In the average Q value Q that obtains, earthquake is believed with following formula
The fitting of number frequency band being dominant obtains the approximate time difference value Δ t that stratum Q between two measuring points absorbs the caused seimic wave propagation of institute：
In formula, ω is circular frequency；ωcFor the reference frequency for giving；π is pi；
5）Step 4）The approximate time difference value Δ t for obtaining is from step 2）Time difference t in deduct, repeat step 3 afterwards）With
4）, obtain stratum Q between two measuring points again and absorb seimic wave propagation time difference value Δ t caused by institute；
Repeat step 3）To step 5）, obtain making stratum Q between two measuring points absorb seimic wave propagation caused by institute
Propagation time difference t actual values between the time difference and two receiving points；
6）The seismic prospecting signal repeat step 1 recorded by the Different Strata interval of same exploratory area）To step 5）Point
Do not obtain corresponding interval stratum Q and absorb seimic wave propagation time difference value caused by institute.
The present invention has principle simple, fast operation, as a result accurately practical.
Fig. 1 is the gross data result for verifying the inventive method accuracy.40 hertz are calculated according to Futterman models
The hereby waveform after Propagation 500 milliseconds and 1500 milliseconds of the Ricker wavelets in Q-value by 120 and the time for reaching.
Fig. 1 can see and cause obvious waveform and reaching time-difference near 500 milliseconds and 1500 milliseconds due to formation absorption
Two different wavelets.The existing method for determining the propagation time difference between the two wavelets is artificial the two corresponding crest of pickup
（Or trough）Between the time difference, or time difference therebetween is determined by the cross-correlation of two wavelets.
Table 1 gives and the method for the present invention and existing time difference pick-up method gained is passed in the gross data shown in Fig. 1
Sowing time differs from the comparing result of computational estimation competence, and the real propagation time difference is 1000 milliseconds, and traditional（Cross-correlation and peak picking）
The time difference of method gained is 1018 milliseconds, and relative error is 1.8%；And the method for the present invention is used, iterated revision only once
The estimation difference that gained propagates the time difference is reduced to 0.0427% just.Obviously, the speed for approaching true value of the invention is very fast.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the data result schematic diagram for verifying accuracy of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the example in detail present invention.
Stratum Q absorbs and refers to seismic wave in the earth formation in communication process, each frequency component of ripple can experience with propagation distance,
Frequency and stratum physical attribute（Quality factor）And the energy for becoming is decayed and propagates this objective physical at different rates
Phenomenon.Stratum produces physical attribute commonly referred to the interval quality factors of Absorption to seismic wave（Quality factor）,
Take its initial Q to represent, by the size of stratum quality factor q, that is, Q-value, come quantitative description stratum and seismic wave is inhaled
The intensity of receipts, it are dimensionless physical quantitys；Ground this concept of interval quality factors is that seismic prospecting is borrowed from physics or engineering
For describing a physical quantity system quality factor of damped oscillation system capacity attenuation properties.
If wanting to estimate and eliminate the time difference caused by above-mentioned formation absorption institute, the mathematical model for predicting formation absorption is needed.Before
People has done substantial amounts of work in terms of formation absorption effect, gives different formation absorption mathematical modeies.Most represent at present
Property, be also most widely used, is Futterman1962 at " Dispersive body waves "（Geophysics
reprint series,1981,2,405–417.）The mathematical model be given in one text（It is also called Futterman models）.
Dispersion relation of the present invention according to described by Futterman models, gives the formation absorption institute caused time difference
Quantitative expression, and linear fit is carried out to sub-wave phase by way of iterative approach, caused so as to obtain formation absorption
The time difference.
The specific embodiment of the invention is as follows：
1）Earthquake-wave-exciting in the stratum of exploratory area manually, and leaving two different distances of explosive source point
Place, receives and records two seismic signals the seismic signal to being recorded respectively（It is also called geological data）Do pretreatment；
Step 1）Described pretreatment includes being observed geological data system definition, puts the contents such as label.
2）By artificial pickup or the automatic obtaining step 1 of computer）Two seismic signals for being recorded and seismic signal two
Propagation time difference t between individual receiving point；
Step 2）Described artificial pickup refers to take-off time, peak time or the trough for reading seismic signal by naked eyes
Time.
Step 2）Described computer obtains the side referred to by two signals are carried out with cross-correlation or by being similar to automatically
Method obtains time difference t therebetween；
3）Step 1 is asked for respectively）The amplitude spectrum of two seismic signals for being recorded, and two are determined with logarithmic spectrum than method
The average Q value Q of stratomere between receiving point；Step 2）In time difference t to participate in calculating in logarithmic spectrum is than method；
4）According to step 2）In obtained by time difference t and step 3）In the average Q value Q that obtains, earthquake is believed with following formula
The fitting of number frequency band being dominant obtains the approximate time difference value Δ t that stratum Q between two measuring points absorbs the caused seimic wave propagation of institute：
In formula：ω is circular frequency；ωcFor the reference frequency for giving；π is pi；
5）Step 4）The approximate time difference value Δ t for obtaining is from step 2）Time difference t in deduct, repeat step 3 afterwards）With
4）, obtain stratum Q between two measuring points again and absorb seimic wave propagation time difference value Δ t caused by institute；
Repeat step 3）To step 5）, obtain making stratum Q between two measuring points absorb seimic wave propagation caused by institute
Propagation time difference t actual values between the time difference and two receiving points；
6）The seismic prospecting signal repeat step 1 recorded by the Different Strata interval of same exploratory area）To step 5）Point
Do not obtain corresponding interval stratum Q and absorb seimic wave propagation time difference value caused by institute.
The present invention is tested using following steps：
1）Source wavelet is done with 40 hertz of Ricker wavelets, the quality factor on stratum is taken（Namely Q）It is worth for 120.
2）According to Futterman models calculate source wavelet propagates in the stratum that the quality factor is 120 500 milliseconds with
1000 milliseconds, and experience Amplitude absorbing and waveform and the theoretical seismogram being made up of the two waveforms after frequency dispersion effect.
As a result see Fig. 1.
3）By the method for manually pickup crest ask for traveling on the theoretical seismogram shown in Fig. 1 500 milliseconds and
The propagation time difference between 1000 milliseconds of two seismic wavelets.The results are shown in Table 1.
4）Ask for traveling to 500 milliseconds and 1000 milliseconds on the theoretical seismogram shown in Fig. 1 by cross-correlation method
Two seismic wavelets between the propagation time difference.The results are shown in Table 1.
5）Step 2 of the present invention is executed to the theoretical seismogram shown in Fig. 1 with the present invention）To step 5）Operation, obtain
Revised propagation time difference as shown in table 1.
" true value " in propagation time in contrast table 1, " the peak value time difference of artificial pickup ", " time difference of cross-correlation method pickup " with
And with the revised time difference of the invention, it is seen that the present invention only need to once calculate the result that can just obtain with true value closely.
Claims (3)
1. caused by a kind of quick accurate estimation formation absorption the time difference method, feature is realized using following steps：
1) earthquake-wave-exciting in the stratum of exploratory area manually, and leaving at two different distances of explosive source point, connect
Receive and record respectively two seismic signals and pretreatment is done to the geological data for being recorded；
2) two seismic signals and seismic signal two for 1) being recorded by artificial pickup or the automatic obtaining step of computer are connect
Propagation time difference t between sink；
3) ask for step 1 respectively) amplitude spectrum of two seismic signals that recorded, using step 2) in time difference t, use logarithm
Spectrum determines the average quality factor of stratomere between two receiving points than method；
4) according to step 2) in obtained by time difference t and step 3) in the average quality factor that obtains, earthquake is believed with following formula
The fitting of number frequency band being dominant obtains the approximate time difference value Δ t of seimic wave propagation caused by formation absorption between two measuring points：
In formula, ω is circular frequency；ωcFor the reference frequency for giving；π is pi；The average quality factors of the Q for stratum；
5) step 4) the approximate time difference value Δ t that obtains is from step 2) time difference t in deduct, obtain between two receiving points
Propagation time difference actual value；3) and 4) repeat step, obtains between two measuring points seismic wave caused by formation absorption again afterwards
The approximate time difference value Δ t for propagating；
Repeat step 3) to step 5), obtain making between two measuring points seimic wave propagation caused by formation absorption approximate when
Propagation time difference actual value between difference and two receiving points；
6) the seismic prospecting signal repeat step recorded by the Different Strata interval of same exploratory area is 1) to step 5) respectively
The seimic wave propagation time difference value to caused by corresponding interval formation absorption.
2. method according to claim 1, feature is step 1) described in pretreatment include being observed geological data
System is defined, puts label.
3. method according to claim 1, feature is step 2) described in artificial pickup to refer to and read earthquake by naked eyes
The take-off time of signal, peak time or decrease amount.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008154223A1 (en) * | 2007-06-08 | 2008-12-18 | Schlumberger Canada Limited | Seismogram correction for absorption effects |
| CN102288992A (en) * | 2011-04-26 | 2011-12-21 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Method for estimating quality factor of medium by using peak envelope instantaneous frequency of seismic signal |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008154223A1 (en) * | 2007-06-08 | 2008-12-18 | Schlumberger Canada Limited | Seismogram correction for absorption effects |
| CN102288992A (en) * | 2011-04-26 | 2011-12-21 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Method for estimating quality factor of medium by using peak envelope instantaneous frequency of seismic signal |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| "Dispersion Body Waves";Walter I. Futterman;《Journal of Geophysical Research》;19621130;第6卷(第13期);第155-164页 * |
| "地震波旅行时计算";王华忠等;《石油地球物理勘探》;19990430;第34卷(第2期);第5279-5291页 * |
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