CN103663650A - Coagulating sedimentation agent for treating low-temperature low-turbidity water - Google Patents
Coagulating sedimentation agent for treating low-temperature low-turbidity water Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a coagulating sedimentation agent for treating low-temperature low-turbidity water and belongs to the field of applied chemistry, in particular to the field of coagulating sedimentation treatment agents of low-temperature low-turbidity water. The coagulating sedimentation agent consists of coaly activated carbon powder and oxidized polysilicate aluminium ferric according to a mass-to-volume ratio (mg/mL) of 1:1 to 10:1. The coagulating sedimentation agent is capable of breaking through the limitation that the sedimentation effects of conventional aluminum and iron salt coagulating agents are greatly influenced by factors such as water inlet temperature, suspended solids and turbidity, is taken as a high-efficiency, economic and environment-friendly coagulating agent for treating low-temperature low-turbidity water generated from power plants and water works and industrial water (living water, wastewater and the like), and has high economic benefits and obvious social benefits.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to applied chemistry field, refer in particular to the coagulant precipitation treatment agent field of low temperature and low turbidity water.
Background technology
Coagulant precipitation equipment is the pretreated key equipment of service water, adopting coagulant precipitation device processes low temperature and low turbidity water (the especially Three Eastern Provinces) is at present still that one of water treatment field has problem to be solved, mainly there is following problem: single aluminium salt, the iron salt coagulant of (1) many employings, cause settling pond, settling tank service capacity is low, effluent quality is defective, when especially water outlet is for Drinking Water, single aluminium salt can make to introduce excessive aluminum ion in tap water, produces secondary pollution (tap water aluminium controlling valu is 0.05～0.2mg/L).(2) conventional coagulating agent settling property is poor, and the flocculation reaction time is long, easily causes the colloid pollution of follow-up system coagulating agent; (3) problem existing while considering low-temperature and low turbidity water treatment, reaching under the prerequisite of effluent quality requirement, designing unit adopts the specified mode of increasing device processes to guarantee the normal water water yield of enterprise conventionally, thereby has increased floor space and the facility investment of pretreatment system.(4) especially for the very large cogeneration power plant of water consumption, defective safety, the steady running that is restricting to a great extent water treatment system of coagulant precipitation equipment undercapacity or water quality, thereby affect unit, heat supply network moisturizing, finally have influence on production and " greenhouse " people's livelihood engineering of Yong Qi enterprise.(5) because of water low temperature effect, the hydrolysis of aluminium salt, diffusion, flocculation process and floc settlement speed thereof are all slower, and because influent turbidity is lower, the too high aluminium salt hydrolysis product that causes of coagulating agent chemical feeding quantity enters follow-up system with current, in the lower region of flow velocity, (especially strainer, ultra-filtration equipment inside) separates out pollution, and the secondary deposition of aluminium salt pollutes.
While adopting conventional coagulating agent to process low temperature and low turbidity water, small colloid is soluble in water with dispersion system, and colloidal solid is more even, and colloidal particle have very strong dynamicstability and cohesion stability, and electronegative colloidal particle quantity is very little.So, for reaching the required coagulating agent of charge neutrality also seldom, thereby cause the flocs unit that generates carefully, less, gently, be difficult to precipitation, the metal ion of ionic state easily penetrates the non-desalination plants such as strainer.Cause the reason of low temperature and low turbidity water coagulating treatment poor effect to be mainly reflected in two aspects:
(1) disadvantageous effect of low temperature: water temperature is lower, the ζ-potential of colloidal solid is higher, the viscosity factor of water increases, repulsion potential energy between colloidal solid is larger, pedesis kinetic energy reduces, and is unfavorable for that particle collision, colloidal solid take off steady, after medicament adds, reduced by low temperature effect polymerization rate, the Main Morphology of hydrolysate biases toward high electric charge low polymerization degree, is unfavorable for carrying out adsorption bridging between colloidal solid.
Winter, colloidal solid ζ-potential was 1.5～1.6 times of summer, on average in-40mV left and right, higher ζ-potential value causes the repulsion potential energy between colloidal solid larger, so the processing of low temperature and low turbidity water often will strengthen consuming amount of concrete, to reduce colloidal solid ζ-potential.When simultaneously water temperature is lower, the solvation of colloid strengthens, and particle around hydration is outstanding, and the viscosity of water is large and settling velocity reduces, and hinders its cohesion.In addition the solubleness of gas is large during low temperature, and gas dissolved is adsorbed on around flocs unit in a large number, and the floc density forming is reduced, and is also unfavorable for its precipitation.
(2) low turbid disadvantageous effect: low-cloudy water is because solid concentration is very little, and the area of disperse phase is less.In low temperature and low turbidity water, remove hydrophilic gel external, also there is solvability natural organic matter, therefore first large with charge density humic acid and the fulvic acid effect of coagulating agent, only have the dosage of increasing that coagulating agent has been neutralized after the natural organic matter electric charge on particles in solution surface, just start to show bridging action.And natural organic matter also can form organic protection layer at mineral colloid particle surface in water, causes sterically hindered between particle or electronic double layer repulsion effect, make low temperature and low turbidity water form a stable system.This is that conventional coagulation process efficiency when Treatment Stability low temperature and low turbidity water is not high, even if increase also undesirable major cause of consuming amount of concrete turbidity removal effect.Lee's Gui waits (1996) with permanganate composite chemical (PPO) the enhanced coagulation technical finesse low-temperature and low turbidity Songhuajiang River Water in period in vain.Industrial experimentation result shows that this technology is effectively, compares with original single polymeric aluminum (PAC) coagulation process, can significantly reduce the residual turbidity of water after precipitating and after filtering, and the while can be saved coagulated agent expense, reduces water producing cost.The treatment effect of inquiring into again composite ferrate chemicals in 1997, and contrast with Tai-Ace S 150 coagulation effect.Result shows, composite ferrate chemicals can improve the treatment effect to low temperature and low turbidity water significantly, and has good disinfection.Zhang Jiandi etc. (2003) pass through many experiments and prove, former water prechlorination dosage, when 2～4mg/L, has positive effect to turbidity removal.Analyze and experimental result explanation; adding of strong oxidizer has obvious removal effect to colourity, turbidity, organism; strong oxidizing property has been destroyed the protective layer that in water, dissolved organic matter forms colloidal grain surface as humic acid, fulvic acid etc.; increased colloid polarity; colloid is condensed, thereby coagulation occurs.More than explanation, adding of strong oxidizer makes colloidal solid easily by de-steady, and the flco size of formation is relatively large, closely knit, settleability is good, and the processing of low temperature and low turbidity water is had to good Coagulation aiding.
Dioxide peroxide has fabulous oxidisability, its oxidation capacity is 10 times of chlorine, the dioxide peroxide of 0.1mg/L can be killed all bacteriums and pathogenic bacterium, there is sterilization, oxidation capacity and be not subject to the impact of temperature and pH value (2～10), nonpoisonous and tasteless, the good deodorization and discoloration effect of reaction product, and the dioxide peroxide of 100mg/L can human body without any advantages such as impacts, be therefore a kind of efficiently, the oxidative disinfectant bactericide of wide spectrum.
In view of domestic not yet development research goes out a kind of efficient, environmental protection coagulating agent that low temperature and low turbidity water coagulant precipitation is processed that be widely used in.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of coagulant precipitation agent of processing low temperature and low turbidity water, to solve the problem of low temperature and low turbidity water coagulating treatment poor effect.
The technical scheme that the present invention takes is: the raw material by following quality volume (mg/mL) ratio forms:
Ratio 1:1～the 10:1 of coal mass active carbon powder and oxidized form polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate;
Described coal mass active carbon powder: particle diameter is 0.325～0.42mm, the coal mass active carbon of apparent density 0.55g/mL;
Described oxidized form polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate is prepared by the following method:
(1) preparation of oxidized form polymeric silicicacid: get SiO
2content is that 26.2% service water glass solution 100g (36.4mL) is diluted to SiO
2concentration is 2%(0.458mol/L), liquor capacity is 467.8mL, adopt copolymerization method to make active silicic acid, i.e. fixing dioxide-containing silica, under the condition of rapid stirring, with 0.1mol/L hydrochloric acid, regulating its pH value is 3.8, and adds the ClO of 2 times of diluted these water glass solution volumes of amount, concentration 20g/L
2solution, makes the ClO that contains 13.3g/L in active silicic acid
2, at 20 ℃～25 ℃, place and make it slaking, polymerization 6～8 hours, make light blue glue, cumulative volume is the oxidized form polymeric silicicacid of 1419mL, pH value 3.8;
(2) preparation of oxidized form polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate: at 20 ℃～25 ℃, get under the condition of the oxidized form polymeric silicicacid rapid stirring that 50mL makes, the Tai-Ace S 150 of the 0.3mol/L adding successively and ferric sulfate, add-on is respectively 38mL, 76mL, and adopt the NaOH of 0.1mol/L to regulate basicity to 70%, making cumulative volume is 173mL, 70% basicity, ClO
2concentration is 3.8g/L, the oxidized form polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate that silicon, iron, al mole ratio are 1:1:0.5, and take iron, concentration is 15.1g/L.
Using method: comprise oxidized form polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate is added in pending low temperature and low turbidity water and carried out after coagulant precipitation, when the flocs unit particle diameter in disengaging zone is 0.3～0.7mm, add coal mass active carbon powder, until processing finishes.
The present invention is on the basis of the coagulating agent such as conventional aluminium salt, molysite, active silicic acid, in conjunction with dioxide peroxide can be efficiently under various pH value conditions, the organic feature of oxidative degradation is produced oxidized form polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate rapidly, and apply it in the coagulant precipitation technique of low temperature and low turbidity water; The active carbon powder that is simultaneously aided with appropriate particle size range, make polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate (silicon, iron, al mole ratio are 1:1:0.5), dioxide peroxide, active carbon powder three bring into play synergistic effect, thereby while making low-temperature and low turbidity water treatment, the problem of coagulant precipitation poor effect is solved preferably.
Advantage of the present invention is: the floc density that when low-temperature and low turbidity water treatment, add that dosage is lower, turbidity removal performance is good, forms is large, sedimentation is very fast, and coagulating treatment delivery turbidity, metal ion are all lower, especially effectively the organism in oxidizing water; With conventional coagulated agent comparison, effluent quality is greatly improved, meet the requirement of follow-up water treating equipment influent quality completely, the coagulating agent such as conventional aluminium salt, molysite have been solved preferably when low-temperature and low turbidity water treatment is applied, because affected by low temperature and low turbid factor, coagulating agent hydrolysis rate is slow, hydrolysis intermediate product is many, flocs unit pellet density is little, the poor problem of the high coagulation effect causing of water outlet metal ion content.
Specifically be reflected in the following aspects:
(1) oxygenant is used for improving the ferric iron content of polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate, and directly enhanced coagulation sedimentation is processed.When preparing oxidized form polymerization of silicic acid solution, added the ClO 2 solution of 20g/L, guaranteed that the active silicic acid making has the higher polymerization degree and has good oxidation susceptibility, thereby iron ion in polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate is existed substantially with trivalent form, dispense ferrous iron and be oxidized to ferric reaction process, thereby shortened the flocculation reaction time, and can more effectively bring into play charge neutrality, compression colloid double electrical layers, reduce its ζ-potential, simultaneous oxidation material is efficient, organism in oxidizing water rapidly, destroyed the protective layer that in water, dissolved organic matter forms colloidal grain surface, significantly strengthened the polarity of colloidalmaterial, thereby make colloidalmaterial that coagulating fast more easily occur, therefore to the colourity in water, turbidity, organism, the removal effects such as colloidalmaterial are more obvious.
(2) active carbon powder particle diameter select suitable, add opportunity appropriate, effectively strengthened floc settlement performance, thereby significantly promoted coagulant precipitation effect.Active carbon powder is added in the fourth stage in coagulant precipitation treatment process, i.e. " the small flocs unit stage of growth of formation ", the processes such as " the even mixing process of medicament and water ", " medicament hydrolytic process ", " flocculation reaction " herein have all completed, growing up that active carbon powder is small flocs unit provides carrier, when activated carbon particle size is suitable with flocs unit particle diameter, can mutually adsorb with flocs unit preferably, particle, the density of flocs unit have been increased, while making floc settlement, there is better freedom from jamming, rapidly free setting; Gac small organism, the colloid in planar water effectively in addition, therefore contributes to improve the removal effect of organism, colloid.
(3) effectively reduce coagulant precipitation and gone out water microorganism and bacterium.ClO 2 solution has efficient, lasting oxidation capacity to microorganism, organism, and its reaction product is nontoxic, tasteless, without follow-up system, adopts disinfection operation again, therefore reduces equipment and the investment of pretreatment system.
(4) synergy obviously, adds dosage few, and water outlet metal ion content is low.Active carbon powder with the ratio of oxidized form polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate quality volume at 1:1～10:1(mg/mL) in scope, active carbon powder, polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate, the effect of oxygenant three synergistic effect are clearly, even add dosage also lower while processing low temperature and low turbidity water, can significantly reduce the metal ion content such as aluminium, iron in water outlet, meet drinking-water quality requirement completely, while making coagulating treatment, running cost is lower simultaneously.
This effect of settling of breaking through conventional aluminium salt, iron salt coagulant is subject to the factors such as inflow temperature, suspended substance, turbidity to affect larger limitation, the low temperature and low turbidity water of processing process to(for) power plant, waterworks, service water (Living Water, waste water etc.) provides coagulating agent efficient, economic environmental protection, not only there is higher economic benefit, also there is obvious social benefit.
Embodiment
In the following embodiment of the present invention, oxidized form polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate is prepared by the following method:
(1) preparation of oxidized form polymeric silicicacid: get SiO
2content is that 26.2% service water glass solution 100g (36.4mL) is diluted to SiO
2concentration is 2%(0.458mol/L), liquor capacity is 467.8mL, adopt copolymerization method to make active silicic acid, i.e. fixing dioxide-containing silica, under the condition of rapid stirring, with 0.1mol/L hydrochloric acid, regulating its pH value is 3.8, and adds the ClO of 2 times of diluted these water glass solution volumes of amount, concentration 20g/L
2solution, makes the ClO that contains 13.3g/L in active silicic acid
2, at 20 ℃～25 ℃, place and make it slaking, polymerization 6～8 hours, make light blue glue, cumulative volume is the oxidized form polymeric silicicacid of 1419mL, pH value 3.8;
(2) preparation of oxidized form polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate: at 20 ℃～25 ℃, get under the condition of the oxidized form polymeric silicicacid rapid stirring that 50mL makes, the Tai-Ace S 150 of the 0.3mol/L adding successively and ferric sulfate, add-on is respectively 38mL, 76mL, and adopt the NaOH of 0.1mol/L to regulate basicity to 70%, making cumulative volume is 173mL, 70% basicity, ClO
2concentration is 3.8g/L, the oxidized form polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate that silicon, iron, al mole ratio are 1:1:0.5, and take iron, concentration is 15.1g/L.
Embodiment 1
Raw material by following quality volume (mg/mL) ratio forms:
The ratio 1:1 of coal mass active carbon powder and oxidized form polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate,
Described coal mass active carbon powder: particle diameter is 0.325～0.42mm, the coal mass active carbon of apparent density 0.55g/mL.
Embodiment 2
Raw material by following quality volume (mg/mL) ratio forms:
The ratio 5:1 of coal mass active carbon powder and oxidized form polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate;
Described coal mass active carbon powder: particle diameter is 0.325～0.42mm, the coal mass active carbon of apparent density 0.55g/mL.
Embodiment 3
Raw material by following quality volume (mg/mL) ratio forms:
The ratio 10:1 of coal mass active carbon powder and oxidized form polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate;
Described coal mass active carbon powder: particle diameter is 0.325～0.42mm, the coal mass active carbon of apparent density 0.55g/mL.
By test, further illustrate the present invention below.
Experiment is prepared with low temperature and low turbidity water: preparation turbidity is respectively two kinds of test water samples of 5NTU, 8NTU, and the temperature of water regulates the test water sample adopting in refrigerator to mix with the test water sample under room temperature, and final mixed sample temperature is between 4 ℃.
The small-scale test time is determined: in order to make the mixed medicament hydrolysis of water sample and coagulating agent, flocculation reaction, flocs unit is grown up, settling pond in the processes such as floc settlement and practical application (not calculating by promoting the water yield), time in settling tank is as far as possible consistent, therefore at the trial, medicament mixing time, medicament hydrolysis, flocculation reaction, flocs unit is grown up, the floc settlement time fetches water respectively settling pond (not calculating by promoting the water yield), the actual residence time of settling tank, first kind test period is pressed accelerator (not calculating by promoting the water yield) and is determined, be that medicament mixing time is 0.5～1min, rapid stirring (medicament hydrolysis, flocculation reaction) time is 10min, low rate mixing time (flocs unit is grown up) 15min, floc settlement (disengaging time) is 40min, Equations of The Second Kind test period is pressed inclined-plate clarifying basin and is determined, be that medicament mixing time is 0.5～1min, rapid stirring (medicament hydrolysis, the flocculation reaction) time is 15min, and low rate mixing time (flocs unit is grown up) 8min, floc settlement (disengaging time) are 40min.
Activated carbon powder granular size, joining day are confirmed:
Test selects ature of coal activated carbon density large, there is flourishing gap structure, good absorption property, physical strength is high, and price is low, is widely used in water treatment field, therefore select ature of coal activated carbon, because the powdered activated carbon of ature of coal C type all has the higher effect of removing for the organism in water, chlorine residue, peculiar smell, colourity, can reduce preferably turbidity simultaneously, therefore select the powdered activated carbon of ature of coal C type simultaneously.
Carbon granule footpath is very large for the impact of charcoal absorption performance, reduce can improve gac and solution in carbon granule footpath contact area with Accelerative mass transfer, activated carbon powder particle diameter is too little, in powdered carbon, ash oontent is too high and easily cause the increase of activated carbon loss amount; Activated carbon particle particle diameter is too large, can cause that in coagulant precipitation treating processes absorption property is poor, the flocculation nuclear volume that activated carbon rose of unit mass reduces, therefore test is main investigates particle diameter to be slightly larger than activated carbon powder particle diameter is the activated carbon within the scope of 1.18～0.212mm.
According to technical requirements, choose one group and sieve accordingly layer (14 orders, 18 orders, 24 orders, 32 orders, 35 orders, 45 orders, 50 orders, 70 orders), by screen size quite order arrange and to be placed on sieve shaker; getting apparent density is 0.55g/mL active carbon powder 200mL; claim its quality (claiming accurate to 0.01g); pour gently top sieve into upper, build screen cover, a complete set of sieve of fastening; start sieve shaker and also start stopwatch, timing 10min.From sieve shaker, take off screen banks, use hairbrush will stay every layer of sieve, get the activated carbon particle on the sieve of 18 mesh sieves (size distribution is 0.83～1.18mm), 32 mesh sieves (size distribution is 0.5～0.7mm), 45 mesh sieves (size distribution is 0.325～0.42mm), 70 orders (size distribution is 0.212～0.27mm) sieve, proceed on pan weigh (claiming accurate to 0.01g).
The activated carbon of four class particle size range is taken respectively to 20g in 500mL beaker, add 200mL tap water, 80r/min rotating speed stirs 2min, stops 3min, and 40r/min rotating speed stirs 2min, standing 10min.According to the mensuration > > GB/T of < < ature of coal grain active carbon test method its floatability 7702.17, measure the rate of loss of four kinds of activated carbon.The activated carbon rate of loss measurement result of four class particle size range is: to be that the activated carbon of 0.83～1.18mm, 0.5～0.7mm, 0.325～0.42mm, 0.212～0.27mm is floating be respectively 0.11%, 0.14%, 0.18%, 0.26% to size distribution.Best for adsorption effect after improving activated carbon powder and dropping in water, the joining day has been carried out to small-scale test, be shown in Table 1.
The test of table 1 activated carbon powder particle joining day
According to shown in table 1, the active carbon powder joining day should be after rapid stirring the low rate mixing stage (flocs unit is grown up), therefore determine that the small flco yardstick forming is that the best adds some when close with activated carbon powder particle scale in flocculation basin, during due to low temperature and low turbidity water coagulating treatment, the flocs unit particle diameter of disengaging zone is 0.3～0.7mm, therefore selects the activated carbon of particle diameter within the scope of 0.325～0.42mm as reinforcer.
By simultaneous test, further illustrate effect of the present invention below:
In order to verify the coagulating treatment effect of activated carbon powder oxidation type polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate when processing low temperature and low turbidity water, therefore four kinds of coagulating treatment simultaneous tests such as polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate that bodied ferric sulfate, ordinary method make, oxidized form polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate, activated carbon powder oxidation type polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate have been adopted, simultaneous test is divided into 2 groups, every group of same low temperature and low turbidity water of test hydromining, test water water quality is shown in Table 2.
Polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate is processed preparation method: get SiO
2content is that the molten 50g of 26.2% service water glass (36.4mL) is diluted to SiO
2concentration is 2%(0.458mol/L), liquor capacity is 477mL, adopt copolymerization method to make active silicic acid, fixing dioxide-containing silica, under the condition of rapid stirring, is used the hydrochloric acid of 0.1mol/L to regulate its pH near 3.8, at room temperature (20～25 ℃) are placed and are made it slaking, constantly polymerization, until there is light blue glue, makes the polymerization of silicic acid solution of pH3.8.Get under the condition of the polymerization of silicic acid solution rapid stirring that 100mL makes, the Tai-Ace S 150 of the 0.3mol/L adding successively and ferric sulfate, add-on is respectively 76mL, 152mL, and adopt the NaOH regulating agent basicity to 70% of 0.1mol/L, making 336mL basicity is 70%, the polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate that silicon, iron, al mole ratio are 1:1:0.5, concentration is that 15.1g/L(is in iron).
Three kinds of main water-quality guideline of simultaneous test low temperature and low turbidity water used of table 2
Get respectively each 2 of above-mentioned two kinds of test water 500mL water samples, above-mentioned two kinds of water samples are carried out to water temperature and be adjusted to 4 ℃ of left and right, the settling pond residence time that in test, every step operating time Simulated Water is 350t/h in nominal output, test-results is in Table shown in 3～table 6.
The coagulation reason test of table 3 bodied ferric sulfate place
Table 4 ordinary method makes the test of polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate coagulating treatment
The test of table 5 oxidized form polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate coagulating treatment
The test of table 6 active carbon powder strengthening polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate coagulating treatment
From table 3～table 6, can find out, during active carbon powder oxidation type polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate Processing Test because ferric iron content in oxidized form polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate is high, there is good oxidisability, active carbon powder is used for strengthening small floc settlement simultaneously, make delivery turbidity lower, ferro-aluminum metal ion content is very little, and dosing dosage has better turbidity removal performance when identical, especially also has good turbidity removal effect during low dosage.
Concrete application implementation
During rig-site utilization, every cover coagulating treatment equipment configuration 1 cover active carbon powder adding equipment, adding equipment comprises: 60 ° of conical active carbon powder bins (disposing the adjustable discharging control valve of selective examination formula), pressure water pipeline (water pressure 0.2～0.3MPa), pressure water injector, coaxial stirrer etc.The bin of oxidized form polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate (being provided with absorption unit), agent mixer all adopt that whole poly fourfluoroplastics is made, whole sulfuration, two-layer line with rubber thickness is not less than 4.5mm, and oxidized form polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate transferpump, pipeline, valve adopt 316 stainless steels.
(1) application in settling tank coagulating treatment (for low-temperature and low turbidity water treatment)
Certain power station total installation of generating capacity is 1060MW, and former water is Nenjiang water, and pretreatment system adopts 2 cover inclined-plate clarifying basins, mainly pipe mixing device, folded plate flocculation device, inclined plate sedimentation device, captation, spoil disposal dehydration and electric control gear, consists of.4～30 ℃ of design water temperatures, single cover nominal output 600m
3/ h.Coagulating agent dosage is adjusted chemical feeding quantity automatically according to flooding quantity and raw water turbidity.
Former water pretreatment system flow process is:
Nenjiang water enters settling tank through variable frequency lift pump, in settling tank, adds coagulating agent, polyacrylamide, and the water after processing enters clean water basin, after more medium filter, can be used as boiler feedwater and leads to drinking water tank, disinfection.
When settling tank drops into for 2009, coagulating agent adopts bodied ferric sulfate, in June, 2010, the strainer cycle of operation is short, check and find that filter interior has one deck aluminium salt mud, (4.3～8 ℃ of water temperatures when reason is winter operation, turbidity 4.8～8.3NTU), the hydrolysis of aluminium salt, diffusion, flocculation process and floc settlement speed thereof are all slower, and because influent turbidity is lower, the too high aluminium salt hydrolysis product that causes of coagulating agent chemical feeding quantity enters follow-up system with current, in flow velocity filter interior, separates out pollution.Changed coagulating agent into molysite by aluminium salt July, but 2011,2012 winters, delivery turbidity is still generally higher than influent turbidity, and latch up phenomenon always appears in bodied ferric sulfate drug feeding pipeline.Simultaneously because the higher dependents' district of iron level tap water is used tap water instead.Start in December, 2012 adopting active carbon powder oxidation type polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate treatment process, influent turbidity 5.63NTU.
In order to guarantee that every cover settling tank moves active carbon powder dosage and storage capacity (24 hours) at present in nominal output and meets the demands, active carbon powder adding equipment parameter is: 60 ° of conical active carbon powder bin (1.5m
3), diameter is pressure water pipeline (water pressure 0.2～0.3MPa), pressure water injector (the nominal output 2m of 25mm and 30mm
3/ h), coaxial stirrer (power 0.55kW), diameter are the adjustable discharging control valve of 0.08m selective examination formula.
Before enforcement, two settling tanks of stopping transport, drain ponding, and pond body bottom, swash plate, water leg etc. are cleared up.In order to contrast practical application effect, drop into 2 settling tank operations simultaneously, No. 1 settling tank coagulating agent adopts active carbon powder oxidation type polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate to process, No. 2 settling tanks are still according to former art breading, two pond coagulant aidss are cationic-type polyacrylamide, oxidized form polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate compound concentration is 1.23% (in iron), dosing pump nominal output 300L/h, polymeric ferrous sulphate solution concentration is 5% (in iron), and dosing pump nominal output 160L/h, polyacrylamide compound concentration are 0.05%, dosing pump nominal output 35L/h.
Initial stage, 2 settling tank flooding velocity were controlled at the 20%(120m of nominal output
3/ h), regulate stroke, the frequency maximum of coagulating agent, coagulant aids dosing pump, move after 1 hour and improve flow to nominal output moral 40%(240m
3/ h), the stroke of dosing pump, frequency are all maximum, move to pond body full water, and defective water is discharged, and reduce coagulating agent, the stroke of coagulant aids, frequency, drop into pond active carbon powder adding equipment No. 1, control active carbon powder add-on 40mg/L in water.Within every 30 minutes, promote the flooding velocity of 2 settling tanks, lifting amplitude is at every turn nominal output 10%, until nominal output.Under nominal output flow, control No. 1 pond oxidized form polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate add-on 5mg/L(in iron), dioxide peroxide add-on 0.05mg/L, No. 2 pond bodied ferric sulfate add-on 10mg/L(are in iron), coagulant aids chemical feeding quantity is 2mg/L.Move after 2 hours, disengaging zone, No. 1 pond clear water degree of depth is 1.2m, delivery turbidity 2.92NTU, iron level 21.7 μ g/L; No. 2 Chi Fenliqushui is more muddy, delivery turbidity 5.26NTU, promote No. 2 pond bodied ferric sulfate chemical feeding quantities to 15mg/L(in iron), move after 2 hours, disengaging zone water is limpid, but in water, is suspended with a large amount of tiny flocs units, delivery turbidity 4.56NTU, iron level 89.6 μ g/L.Promote No. 1 pond oxidized form polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate add-on to 10mg/L(in iron), dioxide peroxide add-on 0.1mg/L, move after 2 hours, delivery turbidity 3.31NTU, be increased to active carbon powder add-on 40mg/L, move delivery turbidity 2.96NTU after 1 hour, in water outlet, have minute quantity activity charcoal powder floating.In No. 2 pond bodies, add dosage 6mg/L(in iron) last approximately 40 minutes of oxidized form polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate, 40mg/L activity charcoal powder, No. 2 pond delivery turbidities are 2.88NTU.1, No. 2 ponds adopt active carbon powder intensive treatment after 1 day, the add-on of active carbon powder is reduced to 20mg/L, polyacrylamide add-on is reduced to 1mg/L, delivery turbidity is all below 3NTU, aluminum ion, iron ion are all less than 30 μ g/L, and in water, the index such as sensory properties and general chemical index (turbidity removal is outside one's consideration), toxicologic index, Bacteriological Indexes meets the requirement of < < drinking water sanitary standard > > (GB5749-2006) completely.
Adopt new technology coagulant consumption is reduced to some extent, in December, 2012～2013 year August, former water 1,420,000 m of co-processing during 9 months
3, medicament expense is saved 2.12 ten thousand yuan altogether, and winter, dependents' district Drinking water supply was guaranteed, and filter backwash interval extended to 20～24 hours by original 8～12 hours.
(2) application in settling pond coagulating treatment (processing for low-cloudy water)
Certain power station is the cogeneration supercritical unit of 2 * 350MW, boiler feedwater water source is Wastewater Form Circulating Cooling Water, circulating water system design adopts the secondary discharge water of sewage work through the water outlet of lime treatment, owing to being subject to sewage work's restriction of exerting oneself, circulating water system water source is now alternate source (reservoir water).Pre-treatment and boiler feed water system flow process are: Wastewater Form Circulating Cooling Water → raw water heater → accelerator → clarification water tank → clarification water pump → double decker filter → water tank with strainer → ultrafiltration service pump → self-cleaning filter → ultra-filtration equipment → ultrafiltration water tank → ultrafiltration water pump → 5um cartridge filter → RO high-pressure pump → RO device → reverse osmosis freshwater case → RO fresh water pump → anion bed cation exchanger → resin catcher → anion bed anion exchanger → mixed ion exchanger → resin catcher → sweet-water tank → desalination water pump → power house desalination jellyfish pipe.Coagulating agent adopts 28% industrial polyaluminium sulfate, and Wastewater Form Circulating Cooling Water turbidity in winter is 7.6～9.5NTU.
Since 2010 put into operation, after raw water heater drops into, leaving water temperature(LWT) is up to 12 ℃, regularly amass filtered water tank bottom glutinous mud, the double decker filter cycle of operation is short, dirty stifled phenomenon always occurs the front 5um cartridge filter filter element of reverse osmosis, especially serious when water temperature is low, filter element just needs to change once for common 10～15 days.Reason be winter water consumption large, two settling pond gross capability maximums reach the 53.3%(460m of nominal output
3/ h), in order to promote water supply capacity, strengthened aluminate coagulating agent dose, cause containing in settling pond water outlet a large amount of Monomers, in the lower region of flow velocity, as filtered water tank, strainer, ultrafiltration, even reverse osmosis cartridge filter etc. locates to occur aluminium salt sedimentation, has had a strong impact on the normal operation of these equipment.Even if 2 settling pond coagulant charging quantities increase, but effluent quality turbidity is still between 5.0～6.5NTU simultaneously.
In October, 2011, raw water heater water inlet is changed on the female pipe of two unit condenser backwater and makes settling pond inflow temperature in winter reach 22 ℃, administered settling pond short circuit phenomenon, expanded the backflow wavelength width of a slit in settling pond secondary reaction pond, and used bodied ferric sulfate instead.Two settling pond operation conditions change to some extent, and the dirty stifled phenomenon of strainer, ultrafiltration, cartridge filter slows down to some extent, but in December, 2011～2012 year April, settling pond does not still reach nominal output, and coagulant consumption is larger, and delivery turbidity still often surpasses controlling valu.Although this is because improved the temperature of water, bodied ferric sulfate does not cause the low-cloudy water treatment effect that contains small organism, algae, microorganism is good.
In August, 2012, during No. 1 major overhaul, progressively, to transforming on two settling pond medicine system bases, the active carbon powder adding equipment parameter of every cover settling pool is: 60 ° of conical active carbon powder bin (1.0m
3), diameter is pressure water pipeline (water pressure 0.2～0.3MPa), pressure water injector (the nominal output 1.2m of 20mm and 25mm
3/ h), coaxial stirrer (power 0.35kW), diameter are the adjustable discharging control valve of the circular selective examination formula of 0.05m.Oxidized form polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate dosing pump nominal output 180L/h, polyacrylamide compound concentration is 0.05%, dosing pump nominal output 20L/h.
2 settling ponds are adopting respectively active carbon powder oxidation type polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate treatment process in November, December, settling pond operating parameter is basic identical, when operation at initial stage oxidized form polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate add-on to 20mg/L(in iron), active carbon powder dosage is 40～50mg/L, dioxide peroxide add-on 0.2mg/L, during specified operation, oxidized form polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate add-on to 8mg/L(in iron), active carbon powder dosage is 15～20mg/L, dioxide peroxide add-on 0.1mg/L;
During 2 specified operations of settling pond, delivery turbidity is respectively 2.78 NTU, 2.85NTU, and in water outlet, all non-activity powdered carbon is floating, and aluminum ion, iron ion are all less than 25 μ g/L.Adopt new technology coagulant consumption is reduced to some extent, during in December, 2012～2013 year April, filtered water tank bottom is without depositional phenomenon, the strainer cycle of operation is 24 hours, ultrafiltration, the dirty stifled phenomenon of cartridge filter are administered at all, the wastewater flow rate that has greatly reduced strainer, hyperfiltration reverse-rinsing, the cartridge filter filter element replacement cycle is 2.5 months.Coagulant cost is saved 0.86 ten thousand yuan altogether, saves approximately 220,000 yuan of filter element replacement charges.
While being used for low-temperature and low turbidity water treatment due to active carbon powder oxidation type polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate, oxidized form polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate (silicon, iron, al mole ratio are 1:1:0.5), stablely in medicament be difficult for decomposing, the existence of high-valency metal makes coagulating agent have higher positive charge, so low dosage just can to the charge neutrality of colloidalmaterial, compression double electric layer effect obviously, reduction colloid ζ-potential; Simultaneously dioxide peroxide can be efficiently, the organism in oxidizing water rapidly; destroyed the protective layer that in water, dissolved organic matter forms colloidal grain surface; significantly strengthened the polarity of colloidalmaterial; thereby make colloidalmaterial that coagulating fast more easily occur; in addition active carbon powder particle diameter select suitable, add opportunity appropriate; effectively strengthen floc settlement performance, thereby significantly promoted coagulant precipitation effect.In sum, active carbon powder oxidation type polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate (silicon, iron, al mole ratio are 1:1:0.5) technique is added material and mutually can be brought into play synergistic effect, and while making low-temperature and low turbidity water treatment, the problem of coagulant precipitation poor effect is solved preferably.
Claims (1)
1. process a coagulant precipitation agent for low temperature and low turbidity water, it is characterized in that: the raw material by following quality volume (mg/mL) ratio forms:
Ratio 1:1～the 10:1 of coal mass active carbon powder and oxidized form polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate;
Described coal mass active carbon powder: particle diameter is 0.325～0.42mm, the coal mass active carbon of apparent density 0.55g/mL;
Described oxidized form polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate is prepared by the following method:
(1) preparation of oxidized form polymeric silicicacid: get SiO
2content is that 26.2% service water glass solution 100g (36.4mL) is diluted to SiO
2concentration is 2%(0.458mol/L), liquor capacity is 467.8mL, adopt copolymerization method to make active silicic acid, i.e. fixing dioxide-containing silica, under the condition of rapid stirring, with 0.1mol/L hydrochloric acid, regulating its pH value is 3.8, and adds the ClO of 2 times of diluted these water glass solution volumes of amount, concentration 20g/L
2solution, makes the ClO that contains 13.3g/L in active silicic acid
2, at 20 ℃～25 ℃, place and make it slaking, polymerization 6～8 hours, make light blue glue, cumulative volume is the oxidized form polymeric silicicacid of 1419mL, pH value 3.8;
(2) preparation of oxidized form polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate: at 20 ℃～25 ℃, get under the condition of the oxidized form polymeric silicicacid rapid stirring that 50mL makes, the Tai-Ace S 150 of the 0.3mol/L adding successively and ferric sulfate, add-on is respectively 38mL, 76mL, and adopt the NaOH of 0.1mol/L to regulate basicity to 70%, making cumulative volume is 173mL, 70% basicity, ClO
2concentration is 3.8g/L, the oxidized form polymeric aluminium ferrum silicate that silicon, iron, al mole ratio are 1:1:0.5, and take iron, concentration is 15.1g/L.
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