CN103658786A - Numerical control whirlwind milling method for middle-convex and varying ellipse pistons - Google Patents
Numerical control whirlwind milling method for middle-convex and varying ellipse pistons Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
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- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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Abstract
The invention discloses a numerical control whirlwind milling method for middle-convex and varying ellipse pistons. The method comprises the following steps of inputting parameters: the design size and the technical requirements of a workpiece are input into a numerical control system; selecting a cutting tool and calculating the tool path data via the numerical control system according to the input parameters in step one to determine the linkage tool path data of C, Z and X axes of a machining tool; checking the tool path data via a simulation module; clamping and positioning; machining, starting a numerical control machining procedure, using a motor to drive a cutter head to revolve at high speed, and simultaneously controlling the spindle of the machine tool to drive the workpiece for C axis movement; controlling the cutter head for Z axis and X axis movement, and obtaining the outer surface of the piston through the linkage machining of C, X and Y axes. The method adopts the whirlwind milling process to machine the middle-convex and varying ellipse piston; the machine tool has the advantages of high movement accuracy and good dynamic stability. The method is easy to realize the accurate control to the machining process, and does not require corresponding high-frequency actuating mechanisms such as a linear motor, a magnetostrictive actuator and the like; therefore, the equipment cost is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the digital control processing field of part, relate in particular to the numerical-control cyclone milling method of middle-bulged varying ellipse piston.
Background technology
Piston is the vital part of automobile engine, is also one of worst parts of condition of work in engine.Consider that piston self distribution of material is inhomogeneous, be heated and easily produce the factors such as irregular deformation, for guaranteeing that it presents as much as possible sub-circular under working environment, is designed to middle-convex and varying ellipse shape by the high speed engine piston under normal temperature: from longitudinal cross-section, it is cydariform conventionally; From cross section, be similar to ellipse.Middle-bulged varying ellipse piston can effectively reduce and casing wall between friction, the service life of improving piston.But the profile of this complexity is also brought great difficulty to machining.
At present, middle-bulged varying ellipse piston adopts copying lathe processing and two kinds of modes of lathe in machining more.Pattern working (machining) efficiency is low, second-rate, and poor stability when speed is higher, and pattern fabrication cycle is long and can not exchange is adjusted complicatedly, is not easy to the variation that enterprise responds rapidly user's request.Along with the development of auto industry, more and more higher to the requirement of the machining accuracy of middle-bulged varying ellipse piston and working (machining) efficiency.Therefore, the system of processing of such non-circular sections part is more prone to adopt Numeric Control Technology.
About the digital control processing of middle-bulged varying ellipse piston, mainly adopt turning process, adopt special piston lathe in machining.Basic principle is, main shaft clamp piston blank rotates (to keep necessary cutting speed) at a relatively high speed, meanwhile, adjusts in real time tool position, by cutter along main shaft diameter to high-frequency reciprocating move and realize non-circle processing.This just needs knife rest servo-drive system to have high frequency sound, large stroke and high accuracy characteristic.So number of pistons car controlling bed system need to adopt the straight line executing mechanism of high frequency sound as feed mechanism, as linear electric motors, piezoelectric element, little inertia servomotor and super-magnetostrictive drive etc., increased undoubtedly equipment cost.Even so, when main shaft need to rotate at a relatively high speed, cutter is still difficult to accurate tracking main shaft angle, and poor stability is difficult to guarantee machining accuracy.
Summary of the invention
The deficiency existing for solving prior art, the invention discloses the numerical-control cyclone milling method of middle-bulged varying ellipse piston, utilize the method on special lathe or on screw-thread mill bed or on numerically controlled lathe C axle and that install cyclone milling head additional, by milling mode, to process middle-bulged varying ellipse piston outer surface.
For achieving the above object, concrete scheme of the present invention is as follows:
The numerical-control cyclone milling method of middle-bulged varying ellipse piston, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: parameter input, is input to digital control system by the design size of workpiece and specification requirement;
Step 2: digital control system is selected cutter and calculates cutter rail data according to the parameter of inputting in step 1, determines C, the Z of lathe, the cutter rail data of the interlock of X tri-axles;
Step 3: by emulation module verification cutter rail data, when there is interference, collision phenomenon or mismachining tolerance, return to step 2, otherwise, send the cutter rail data by verification to digital control system;
Step 4: clamping location, workpiece is arranged on the machine tool chief axis of lathe, axis of workpiece and machine tool chief axis dead in line, mounting cutter guarantee that point of a knife inscribed circle and cutterhead are coaxial on cutterhead, control cutterhead along workpiece spindle to being Z axis and being radially that X-axis is moved, make cutterhead around workpiece, and carry out tool setting operation;
Step 5: machining, start nc program, driven by motor cutterhead high speed rotary, controls machine tool chief axis simultaneously and drives workpiece to do the motion of C axle, controls cutterhead and does Z axis and X-axis motion, by C, X, Z three-shaft linkage, processes outer surface of piston.
The lathe of described step 4 comprises machine tool chief axis, on machine tool chief axis, clamping has workpiece, machine tool chief axis be arranged on that cutter axis on cyclone milling head is parallel and distance is adjustable, cutterhead is perpendicular to machine tool chief axis, on cutterhead, can install some handles can be under the driving of motor the cutter of high speed rotary, the point of a knife incenter of cutter is on the axis of rotation of cutterhead, and its diameter is greater than the maximum gauge of workpiece.
The design size of the piston of described step 1 comprises diameter, length, horizontal profile molded line, horizontal profile molded line, and specification requirement comprises material, dimensional tolerance, surface roughness.
The quantity of described cutter is 2-8.
The computational process of described cutter rail data is:
(2-1): the math equation that first obtains whole piece molded line by interpolation method or empirical equation:
y
z＝f
1(z)；
Wherein, z is the axial coordinate of arbitrfary point on the longitudinal profile molded line in piston skirt, y
zfor the radial coordinate of this point, f
1represent both functional relations, see Fig. 3.
(2-2): according to design formula or obtain the transverse profiling shape math equation of optional position, piston skirt by interpolation method:
ρ
φ,
z＝f(φ,z)；
Wherein, the position that z is this profile, φ and ρ
φ,
zthe polar angle and the utmost point footpath that are respectively arbitrfary point on this profile, f represents the functional relation between polar angle and utmost point footpath.
(2-3): make φ and z change in given range, according to
Cutter-contact point position on calculating processing piston face during any point (C, Z, X).
Wherein, C, Z, X are respectively axial, the radial displacement of workpiece rotation and cutter.
The application's system of processing is comprised of lathe, digital control system, lathe is the cyclone milling machine that possesses C, Z, X three-shaft linkage function, wherein machine tool chief axis is called Z axis, rotation around Z axis is called C axle, along main shaft diameter to move and be called X-axis, can adopt the controlled numerically controlled lathe of C axle or numerical control screw thread cyclone milling machine.The feature of this lathe is: machine tool chief axis can holding workpiece rotate around Z axis; The cutterhead of cyclone milling head is perpendicular to machine tool chief axis, and cutter axis is parallel with Z axis and distance is adjustable, and can be axially Z-direction and be radially that X-direction is moved along main shaft; Cutterhead can be made high speed rotary motion and speed is adjustable around its gyroaxis; On cutterhead, can install somely cutter, the center of circle of point of a knife inscribed circle is on the axis of rotation of cutterhead, and its diameter is greater than the maximum gauge of piston blank.
Add man-hour, driven by motor cutterhead high speed rotary, forms principal cutting movement, simultaneously, control main shaft and drive workpiece to do the motion of C axle, control cutterhead and start to move along Z axis and X-axis according to the Changing Pattern of piston face from workpiece one end, by C, X, Z three-shaft linkage, process outer surface of piston.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1. the method adopts milling with whirling cutter processes middle-bulged varying ellipse piston, rotatablely moving of workpiece is a kind of feed motion rather than principal cutting movement, therefore workpiece can rotate compared with low velocity (3-30 rev/min), and cutter is lower along workpiece reciprocating feed motion frequency radially.Thereby machine tool motion precision is high, dynamic stability good, be easy to realize the accurate control to process, and do not need the high frequency respective execution mechanisms such as linear electric motors, magnetic telescopic driver, reduced equipment cost.
2. the High Rotation Speed band cutter by cutterhead carries out high-speed cutting, and stock-removing efficiency is high.And much knives tool participation cutting, every cutter cutting depth is little, so cutting force is little, cutting stability is good, and surface quality and machining accuracy are high.
3. X-axis can realize large stroke back and forth movement easily, and special software for calculation can accurately calculate the cutter rail data of any piston face, thus the flexibility of the method high, adapt to widely, can process polytype outer surface of piston.
Due to These characteristics, the present invention can effectively improve the crudy on middle-bulged varying ellipse piston surface, comprises surface quality and machining accuracy, and has the features such as low cost, high flexibility.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 process principle schematic diagram one;
Fig. 2 process principle schematic diagram two;
Fig. 3 middle-bulged varying ellipse piston skirt section longitudinal profile molded line schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 middle-bulged varying ellipse piston skirt section horizontal profile molded line schematic diagram;
In figure, 1 machine tool chief axis, 2 cutterheads, 3 workpiece, 4 cutters.
The specific embodiment:
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in detail:
As shown in Figure 1-2, workpiece 3 clampings are on machine tool chief axis 1, and the axis of rotation of the cutterhead 2 on cyclone milling head is parallel with machine tool chief axis 1; On cutterhead 2, can install some cutter 4 and can be under the driving of motor high speed rotary; The point of a knife incenter of cutter 4 is on the axis of rotation of cutterhead 2, and its diameter is greater than the maximum gauge of workpiece 3.Cutterhead 2 along workpiece spindle to rectilinear motion (Z axis), along rectilinear motion (X-axis) radially of workpiece and the corner (C axle) of machine tool chief axis 1, can accurately control.Add man-hour, main shaft 1 drives workpiece 3 rotations (C is to feeding), and cutterhead 2 is realized principal cutting movement at band cutter 4 High Rotation Speeds, and meanwhile, cutterhead 2, along Z-direction and X-direction feeding, processes piston face by C, Z, X three-shaft linkage.
The interlock of above-mentioned C, Z, X tri-axles is controlled by the numerical control program of working out in advance.According to the feature of middle-bulged varying ellipse piston curved surface, tool position during three-shaft linkage (cutter rail data) can adopt following methods to try to achieve:
The design feature of middle-bulged varying ellipse piston is: skirt section cross section is and is similar to elliptical shape, and different in the ovality value of different skirt eminences, is in the vertical cydariform or camber.Piston middle bulged curve is generally provided by design drawing with empirical equation or list point form.Shaft section position, data point place represents with axial coordinate Z, and the semi-minor axis of piston oval cross section represents with Y coordinate,
As shown in Figure 3, by interpolation method or empirical equation, can obtain the math equation of whole piece molded line
y
z＝f
1(z) （1）
Wherein, z is the axial coordinate of arbitrfary point on the longitudinal profile molded line in piston skirt, y
zfor the radial coordinate of this point, f
1the functional relation that represents both.
As shown in Figure 4, the horizontal profile of piston skirt is similar to ellipse, and while using polar coordinate representation, on this curve, the utmost point footpath of any point is the function of this section two semiaxis a, b and this polar angle φ, by empirical equation or data point, provides.Because major semiaxis a and axial line distance are irrelevant, and semi-minor axis b=y
zso the utmost point footpath of any point can be expressed as
ρ
φ,
z＝f(φ,z) （2）
The designer of piston only provides the horizontal profile of some positions (z coordinate) sometimes, but according to design formula or can obtain the horizontal profile of optional position, piston skirt by interpolation method, all can be expressed as formula (2) form.So any point on machining piston surface (is expressed as (φ, z, ρ by circular cylindrical coordinate
φ, z)) time cutter-contact point position (C, Z, X) can calculate by following formula, suppose that lathe coordinate system is consistent with workpiece coordinate system in Fig. 4,
In order to realize the digital control processing of middle-bulged varying ellipse piston, cyclone milling head is arranged on machine tool dragging plate or other correct position and makes its cutterhead perpendicular to machine tool chief axis, cutter axis parallel with Z axis and distance adjustable; Cyclone milling head under the drive of machine tool dragging plate can along workpiece spindle to and radial motion; The cutterhead being arranged on cyclone milling head can be made high speed rotary motion (speed is adjustable) around its gyroaxis under the drive of motor; On cutterhead, can install somely cutter, be generally 2-8 handle, make the center of circle of point of a knife inscribed circle on the axis of rotation of cutterhead, and its diameter be greater than the maximum gauge of workpiece.
In order to realize the accurate interlock of C, Z, X-axis, above-mentioned lathe need be equipped with digital control system.
According to above-mentioned principle and implementation method, the specific implementation step of the digital control processing of middle-bulged varying ellipse piston is as follows:
Step 5, machining.Start nc program, driven by motor cutterhead high speed rotary, controls main shaft simultaneously and drives workpiece to do the motion of C axle, controls cutterhead and does Z axis and X-axis motion, by C, X, Z three-shaft linkage, processes outer surface of piston.
Claims (5)
1. the numerical-control cyclone milling method of middle-bulged varying ellipse piston, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: parameter input, is input to digital control system by the design size of workpiece and specification requirement;
Step 2: digital control system is selected cutter and calculates cutter rail data according to the parameter of inputting in step 1, determines C, the Z of lathe, the cutter rail data of the interlock of X tri-axles;
Step 3: by emulation module verification cutter rail data, when there is interference, collision phenomenon or mismachining tolerance, return to step 2, otherwise, by the digital control system of the cutter rail data transmission lathe by verification;
Step 4: clamping location, workpiece is arranged on the machine tool chief axis of lathe, axis of workpiece and machine tool chief axis dead in line, mounting cutter guarantee that point of a knife inscribed circle and cutterhead are coaxial on cutterhead, control cutterhead along workpiece spindle to being Z axis and being radially that X-axis is moved, make cutterhead around workpiece, and carry out tool setting operation;
Step 5: machining, start nc program, driven by motor cutterhead high speed rotary, controls machine tool chief axis simultaneously and drives workpiece to do the motion of C axle, controls cutterhead and does Z axis and X-axis motion, by C, X, Z three-shaft linkage, processes outer surface of piston.
2. the numerical-control cyclone milling method of middle-bulged varying ellipse piston as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the design size of the piston of described step 1 comprises diameter, length, horizontal profile molded line, horizontal profile molded line, and specification requirement comprises material, dimensional tolerance, surface roughness.
3. the numerical-control cyclone milling method of middle-bulged varying ellipse piston as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the lathe of described step 4 comprises machine tool chief axis, on machine tool chief axis, clamping has workpiece, machine tool chief axis be arranged on that cutter axis on cyclone milling head is parallel and distance is adjustable, cutterhead is perpendicular to machine tool chief axis, on cutterhead, can install some handles can be under the driving of motor the cutter of high speed rotary, the point of a knife incenter of cutter is on the axis of rotation of cutterhead, and its diameter is greater than the maximum gauge of workpiece.
4. the numerical-control cyclone milling method of middle-bulged varying ellipse piston as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, the quantity of described cutter is 2-8.
5. the numerical-control cyclone milling method of middle-bulged varying ellipse piston as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the computational process of described cutter rail data is:
(2-1): the math equation that first obtains whole piece molded line by interpolation method or empirical equation:
y
z＝f
1(z)；
Wherein, z is the axial coordinate of arbitrfary point on the longitudinal profile molded line in piston skirt, y
zfor the radial coordinate of this point, f
1the functional relation that represents both;
(2-2): according to design formula or obtain the transverse profiling shape math equation of optional position, piston skirt by interpolation method:
ρ
φ,
z＝f(φ,z)；
Wherein, the position that z is this profile, φ and ρ
φ, zthe polar angle and the utmost point footpath that are respectively arbitrfary point on this profile, f represents the functional relation between polar angle and utmost point footpath;
(2-3): make φ and z change in given range, according to
Cutter-contact point position on calculating processing piston face during any point (C, Z, X),
Wherein, C, Z, X are respectively axial, the radial displacement of workpiece rotation and cutter.
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| CN201310680705.8A CN103658786B (en) | 2013-12-12 | 2013-12-12 | The numerical-control cyclone milling method of middle-bulged varying ellipse piston |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105252232A (en) * | 2015-11-17 | 2016-01-20 | 山东大学 | Method for machining blade body curved surface of moving blade of steam turbine |
| CN107020392A (en) * | 2017-05-02 | 2017-08-08 | 陕西柴油机重工有限公司 | A kind of middle-convex and varying ellipse Curve Machining method |
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| US4573840A (en) * | 1984-04-02 | 1986-03-04 | Lamb Technicon Corp. | Piston counterboring machine |
| JPS61214907A (en) * | 1985-03-18 | 1986-09-24 | Mitsubishi Motors Corp | Piston combustion chamber forming method for diesel engine |
| JPS63278709A (en) * | 1987-05-08 | 1988-11-16 | Hiroshi Niiyama | Pickup type free size hole cutter |
| CN1126851A (en) * | 1994-09-26 | 1996-07-17 | 西安百科实业公司 | Numerically controlled tool carriage for machining piston and its control method |
| CN101543902A (en) * | 2009-05-04 | 2009-09-30 | 南京彩云机械电子制造有限公司 | Workpiece non-rotating excircle machining mechanism |
| CN201644882U (en) * | 2010-03-17 | 2010-11-24 | 江苏环洋组合机床有限公司 | Piston ring parallel opening milling mechanism of piston ring horizontal profiling and turning combined machine tool |
| CN102039440A (en) * | 2011-01-25 | 2011-05-04 | 大连交通大学 | Whirlwind milling machine for chamfering of large bar |
-
2013
- 2013-12-12 CN CN201310680705.8A patent/CN103658786B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4573840A (en) * | 1984-04-02 | 1986-03-04 | Lamb Technicon Corp. | Piston counterboring machine |
| JPS61214907A (en) * | 1985-03-18 | 1986-09-24 | Mitsubishi Motors Corp | Piston combustion chamber forming method for diesel engine |
| JPS63278709A (en) * | 1987-05-08 | 1988-11-16 | Hiroshi Niiyama | Pickup type free size hole cutter |
| CN1126851A (en) * | 1994-09-26 | 1996-07-17 | 西安百科实业公司 | Numerically controlled tool carriage for machining piston and its control method |
| CN101543902A (en) * | 2009-05-04 | 2009-09-30 | 南京彩云机械电子制造有限公司 | Workpiece non-rotating excircle machining mechanism |
| CN201644882U (en) * | 2010-03-17 | 2010-11-24 | 江苏环洋组合机床有限公司 | Piston ring parallel opening milling mechanism of piston ring horizontal profiling and turning combined machine tool |
| CN102039440A (en) * | 2011-01-25 | 2011-05-04 | 大连交通大学 | Whirlwind milling machine for chamfering of large bar |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105252232A (en) * | 2015-11-17 | 2016-01-20 | 山东大学 | Method for machining blade body curved surface of moving blade of steam turbine |
| CN107020392A (en) * | 2017-05-02 | 2017-08-08 | 陕西柴油机重工有限公司 | A kind of middle-convex and varying ellipse Curve Machining method |
| CN107020392B (en) * | 2017-05-02 | 2020-12-08 | 陕西柴油机重工有限公司 | Method for processing convex variable elliptic curve |
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