CN103646642A - A multi-liquid-chamber low-frequency broadband underwater acoustic transducer - Google Patents
A multi-liquid-chamber low-frequency broadband underwater acoustic transducer Download PDFInfo
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- CN103646642A CN103646642A CN201310624957.9A CN201310624957A CN103646642A CN 103646642 A CN103646642 A CN 103646642A CN 201310624957 A CN201310624957 A CN 201310624957A CN 103646642 A CN103646642 A CN 103646642A
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Abstract
The invention provides a multi-liquid-chamber low-frequency broadband underwater acoustic transducer comprising a Janus composite rod energy transducer composed of an active driver and two horn-shaped radiation heads installed on the two ends of the active driver through prestressing force bolts, and two cylindrical housings. The two cylindrical housings respectively cover a horn-shaped radiation head. The middle part of the cylindrical housings and the Janus composite rod energy transducer form an internal Helmholtz cavity. The out sides of the cylindrical housings and the Janus composite rod energy transducer form two external Helmholtz cavities. The multi-liquid-chamber low-frequency broadband underwater acoustic transducer achieves a broadband transmission effect with the low-frequency fluid resonance of a Helmholtz resonator and the vertical resonance of the Janus energy transducer so as to provide the transducer with the characteristics of low frequency, small size, broad band, larger power, and deepwater operation. The multi-liquid-chamber low-frequency broadband underwater acoustic transducer can be used in fields of low-frequency active sonar, remote underwater acoustic communication, low-frequency underwater acoustic experiments, sea sound chromatography, and seabed landform exploration.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of underwater acoustic transducer, specifically a kind of underwater acoustic transducer with a plurality of sap cavities.
Background technology
Sound wave be the mankind up to now known unique can be at the energy carrier of seawater medium and long distance transmission.Acoustic method is to explore ocean, exploitation ocean, carry out the Main Means that resists in water.Underwater Target Detection, location, identification, navigation, communication, offshore oil and gas resource exploration, submarine geology and geomorphology imaging, marine site hydrologic condition research and measurement, sound wave and sonic generator are that underwater acoustic transducer is all being played the part of very important role.
In underwater acoustic transducer application, single transmitting transducer often can not meet many-sided requirements such as directive property, transmitting sound power and information processing, and the basic matrix that often need to form various shapes by many transducers is finished the work.These basic matrixs are conventionally fixed on boats and ships or in the mode of towing and work, and have therefore been subject to the restriction of mounting platform.In order to structure the formation with easy for installation, must significantly reduce the volume and weight of transmitting transducer primitive.
Yet there is theoretic contradiction in underwater acoustic transducer between small size and low frequency, high-power transmitting.For example, in order to improve emission efficiency and radiation power, transducer is usually operated at resonant condition, and classical longitudinal vibration formula transducer dimensions is directly proportional to the wavelength of radiative acoustic wave, and frequency of operation is lower means that the size of transducer is larger, and volume weight is also larger.In addition, square being directly proportional of the radiated of low-frequency transducer and frequency, swept area, this just means that radiation frequency or swept area reduce by 10 times, radiated will reduce by 100 times.Therefore, low-frequency while is falling, keep the radiated of transducer constant or increase, the vibration velocity of Enhanced Radiation Reduced Blast face significantly, to obtain enough volumetric velocities, and due to the power of driver module and the restriction of transducer self physical strength, be often difficult to realize low-frequency high-power and launch by increasing substantially radiating surface vibration velocity.
Therefore reducing frequency of operation is conflict with realizing small size; Enhanced Radiation Reduced Blast acoustical power is also conflict with reducing frequency.
The main method that solves at present above-mentioned contradiction has following several:
The one, adopt flexural vibration mode to replace traditional longitudinal mode, to reduce the resonance frequency of structure.Relatively more typical representative is the flextensional transducer of 7 types, wherein common with IV type flextensional transducer again.Also there is in addition this disresonance type transducer of electronic (magnetic) formula of use, realize ultralow frequency broadband emission.But the acoustical power of this transducer radiation is little, and electro-acoustic conversion efficiency is low, very high to structural design and driver requirement during high-power transmitting, and nonlinear effect is obvious.
The 2nd, adopt novel transductive material to replace traditional piezoceramic material.The novel transductive material of showing up prominently at present has rare earth ultra-magnetostriction material if terbium dysprosium ferrum magnetostriction alloy (Terfenol-D) and iron gallium alloy (Gafenol), relaxation ferroelectric single crystal material are as lead magnesio-niobate lead titanates (PMN-PT) and lead lead-titanate niobium-zincate (PZN-PT) etc., these materials have larger compliance, larger adaptability to changes and high electromechanical coupling factor, are well suited for making low-frequency high-power underwater acoustic transducer.
The 3rd, adopt Helmholtz(Hai Namusi) structure.Helmholtz resonant cavity is to utilize small size to obtain one of main path of low frequency, very low frequency (VLF) vibration.In water, Helmholtz chamber water-filling has just formed sap cavity.Such transducer working depth is not subject to structural limitations, and sap cavity resonance place electromechanical coupling factor is high, radiation-curable larger acoustical power.Shortcoming is that Q value is higher, and the narrow bandwidth of sap cavity resonance is unfavorable for forming the broadband emission that the fields such as underwater sound communication require.If yet can utilize sap cavity resonance and the coupling of other Produced by Modals, for the shape of cavity, size, boundary condition, fluid additional impedance etc., be optimized simultaneously, be expected to expand the working band of transducer, design the underwater acoustic transducer of small size, low frequency, broadband, high-power, deep water work.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of many sap cavities broad band low frequency underwater acoustic transducer that has the features such as low frequency, small size, broadband, high-power, deep water work concurrently.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: comprise that one by by Source drive, be installed on by pre-stressed bolt the Janus(Jenas that two tubaeform radiation heads by Source drive two ends form) type composite bar energy converter, also comprise two cylindrical shells, two cylindrical shells cover on respectively outside two tubaeform radiation heads, the center section of cylindrical shell and Janus type composite bar energy converter forms inner Helmholtz cavity, for interior sap cavity, the outside of cylindrical shell and Janus type composite bar energy converter forms two symmetrical outside Helmholtz cavitys, is outer sap cavity.
The present invention can also comprise:
1, described in, there is Source drive to comprise two, described pre-stressed bolt also has two, also comprise intermediate mass piece, intermediate mass piece is that cylindrical, center is provided with tapped through hole, the end thread of two pre-stressed bolts is tightened against in tapped through hole, and two have Source drive and two tubaeform radiation heads by two pre-stressed bolts, to be arranged on the both sides of intermediate mass piece.
2, above intermediate mass piece, radial screw bore is set, one end of support bar is arranged in radial screw bore, and two cylindrical shells are directly connected with supporting traverse, and the other end of support bar is connected with supporting traverse.
3, described in, having Source drive is stack of piezo crystals, and stack of piezo crystals is by bonding the forming of n sheet piezoelectric ceramic wafer, the even number that n is >=2, and the polarization of piezoelectric ceramic wafer through-thickness, is provided with electrode slice between every two ceramic disks.
4, described in, having Source drive is the pole that rare earth ultra-magnetostriction material is made, and pole is peripheral is wound around one group of drive coil, and drive coil is enclosed in the closed magnetic circuit that high-permeability material makes.
The invention provides the underwater acoustic transducer that a kind of Janus composite bar energy converter and a plurality of Helmholtz resonant cavity combine.Utilize the longitudinal resonance of Helmholtz resonant cavity low frequency sap cavity resonance and Janus transducer to form broadband emission effect, make transducer have the features such as low frequency, small size, broadband, high-power, deep water work concurrently.
The present invention has overcome the shortcoming that traditional composite bar energy converter is difficult to realize small size low frequencies, has utilized longitudinal vibration mode electromechanical coupling factor high, the advantage that emission efficiency and radiated are high simultaneously.
The present invention has overcome again traditional Helmholtz resonator transmitting response narrow bandwidth, is unfavorable for realizing the shortcomings such as broadband emission, has utilized that sap cavity resonance resonance frequency is low, sound source level advantages of higher simultaneously.
The present invention is by increasing by an external sap cavity at Janus-Helmholtz underwater acoustic transducer two ends, utilize this sap cavity to produce high frequency sap cavity resonance, the upper limit of having expanded Janus-Helmholtz underwater acoustic transducer working band, is referred to as many sap cavities Janus-Helmholtz underwater acoustic transducer.
The present invention can be applicable to the fields such as Low-Frequency Active Sonar, remote water sound communication, low frequency underwater experiment, Ocean Acoustic Tomography, submarine geology and geomorphology exploration.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that in the present invention, many sap cavities Janus-Helmholtz underwater acoustic transducer is expanded working band schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is many sap cavities Janus-Helmholtz underwater acoustic transducer cross section view in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is with many sap cavities Janus-Helmholtz underwater acoustic transducer schematic diagram of housings support device in the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described further.
In conjunction with Fig. 2, many sap cavities Janus-Helmholtz underwater acoustic transducer that the first embodiment of the present invention provides, comprises a Janus type composite bar energy converter, two cylindrical shells 5; Janus type composite bar energy converter is comprised of an intermediate mass piece 1, two stack of piezo crystals 2, two tubaeform radiation heads 4 and two pre-stressed bolts 3, and piezoelectric ceramic wafer is bonding forms by n sheet (even number that n is >=2) for each brilliant heap.The polarization of piezoelectric ceramic wafer through-thickness, can be provided with electrode slice between every two ceramic disks.Intermediate mass piece 1, stack of piezo crystals 2 and tubaeform radiation head 4 are connected together in order, by pre-stressed bolt 3, compressed stack of piezo crystals 2 is applied to prestress.
The structure of present embodiment is axially symmetric structure, and in intermediate mass piece 1 center, about the plane symmetry perpendicular to axis of symmetry; 1 described of intermediate mass is placed in the middle, both sides are followed successively by stack of piezo crystals 2, tubaeform radiation head 4, minimum outer diameter one side of tubaeform radiation head 4 and a side bonds of stack of piezo crystals 2, pre-stressed bolt 3 is inserted by the center hole of tubaeform radiation head 4, run through stack of piezo crystals 2, the screw thread of end thread and intermediate mass piece 1 is tightened, and has formed Janus type composite bar energy converter; Cylindrical shell 5 on tubaeform radiation head 4 outer covers, the center section of cylindrical shell 5 and Janus type composite bar energy converter forms inner Helmholtz cavity, be referred to as interior sap cavity, the outside of cylindrical shell 5 and Janus type composite bar energy converter forms two symmetrical outside Helmholtz cavitys, is referred to as outer sap cavity.
Stack of piezo crystals 2 in present embodiment can have two, and corresponding pre-stressed bolt 3 also has two, and piezoelectric ceramic wafer is bonding forms by n sheet (even number that n is >=2) for each brilliant heap.The polarization of piezoelectric ceramic wafer through-thickness, every two adjacent piezoelectric ceramic wafer polarised directions are contrary.Between between ceramic disks, electrode slice can be set, piezoelectric ceramic wafer adopts and is connected in parallel on circuit.
Stack of piezo crystals 2 in present embodiment also can only have one.When stack of piezo crystals 2 is one, there is no intermediate mass piece 1.Pre-stressed bolt 3 only has one, runs through stack of piezo crystals 2 and tubaeform radiation head 4, and one end is tightened by nut in tubaeform radiation head end.
The pole that stack of piezo crystals 2 in present embodiment also can be made by rare earth ultra-magnetostriction material substitutes, and this pole can be one group simultaneously, can be also two groups.Every group of pole be peripheral is wound around one group of drive coil, and coil is enclosed in the closed magnetic circuit that the high-permeability materials such as pure iron make.
In conjunction with Fig. 3, another embodiment of the invention is on the basis of a upper embodiment, on intermediate mass piece 2, radial screw bore is set, also comprise support bar 7 and supporting traverse 8, support bar 7 and supporting traverse 8 can be many groups, and quantity and size are advisable to guarantee support strength and not affect interior sap cavity radiation, and one end of support bar is arranged in radial screw bore, two cylindrical shells are directly connected with supporting traverse, and the other end of support bar is connected with supporting traverse.
In above-mentioned technical scheme, described tubaeform radiation head 4 centers are provided with through hole, so that pre-stressed bolt passes, the external diameter of minimum outer diameter end is identical with the external diameter of stack of piezo crystals 2.
In conjunction with Fig. 1, the many sap cavities Janus-Helmholtz underwater acoustic transducer in the present invention is expanded working band schematic diagram.What dotted line was represented is the frequency response curve of Janus-Helmholtz underwater acoustic transducer, two peak values that this curve has interior sap cavity resonance and the longitudinal resonance of Janus transducer to produce; What solid line represented is the frequency response curve of many sap cavities Janus-Helmholtz underwater acoustic transducer, three peak values that this curve has interior sap cavity resonance, the longitudinal resonance of Janus transducer and outer sap cavity resonance to produce.Phase relation according to the acoustic pressure of three kinds of generation of vibrations on acoustic axis, is generally arranged on by outer sap cavity resonance frequency the high band that is greater than the longitudinal resonance frequency of Janus transducer.
Specific implementation process of the present invention comprises:
Intermediate mass piece 1 becomes cylindrical by metal material processing, and center arranges tapped through hole, so that prestressed bolt 3.The bracing or strutting arrangement 7,8 of cylindrical shell 5 is installed for convenience, can spaced set radial screw bore along intermediate mass piece 1 circumferencial direction.
Piezoelectric ceramic wafer is bonding forms by n sheet (even number that n is >=2) for each brilliant heap, and every two adjacent piezoelectric ceramic wafer polarised directions are contrary, guarantee that the polarization polarity of two end faces of whole brilliant heap is negative pole.Between between piezoelectric ceramic wafer, electrode slice can be set, piezoelectric ceramic piece adopts and is connected in parallel on circuit.
Tubaeform radiation head 4 is made as aluminium alloy by light-weight metal, and the external diameter of minimum outer diameter end is identical with the external diameter of stack of piezo crystals 2.
Intermediate mass piece 1, stack of piezo crystals 2, a tubaeform radiation head 4 are arranged in order, putting into prestress clamp clamps, penetrating bolt 3 tightens and makes composite bar energy converter, then unclamp fixture and put upside down composite bar energy converter direction, set gradually another stack of piezo crystals 2 and tubaeform radiation head 4, clamping device, penetrates another pre-stressed bolt 3 and tightens, and makes Janus type composite bar energy converter.
In intermediate mass piece 1, locate to draw plug-in or screw-type underwater connector, be connected with transmission cable.For realizing watertight, at the peripheral coated polyurethane water sealed layers of two stack of piezo crystals 2, polyurethane water sealed layer also other encapsulants such as available epoxy layer replaces.
During transducer work, in stack of piezo crystals 2, apply alternating electric field, piezoelectric ceramic wafer produces the stretching vibration of thickness direction under the excitation of alternating electric field, being embodied in whole brilliant heap is longitudinal extension vibration, when alternating signal frequency reaches the longitudinal resonance frequency of Janus type composite bar energy converter, there is maximal value in the frequency response curve in water.When Janus type composite bar energy converter is done stretching vibration, excite the fluid in inside and outside sap cavity to produce sap cavity vibration, at inside and outside sap cavity resonance frequency place, there is respectively maximal value in the frequency response curve in water.
With reference to figure 3, in this underwater acoustic transducer practical application, need to arrange the supporting construction of cylindrical shell 5.Supporting construction comprises support bar 7 and supporting traverse 8.Support bar 7 one end are connected on intermediate mass piece 1, and the other end is connected on supporting traverse 8.Supporting traverse 8 two ends are connected with cylindrical shell 5 by bolt respectively.Support bar 7 and supporting traverse 8 can be many groups, and quantity and size are advisable to guarantee support strength and not affect interior sap cavity radiation.
Finally it should be noted that above example is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described.Although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, technical scheme of the present invention modified or is equal to replacement, do not depart from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, all should be encompassed in the middle of claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the underwater acoustic transducer of sap cavity broad band low frequency more than a kind, comprise that one by there being Source drive, by pre-stressed bolt, be installed on the Janus type composite bar energy converter that two tubaeform radiation heads by Source drive two ends form, it is characterized in that: also comprise two cylindrical shells, two cylindrical shells cover on respectively outside two tubaeform radiation heads, the center section of cylindrical shell and Janus type composite bar energy converter forms inner Helmholtz cavity, for interior sap cavity, the outside of cylindrical shell and Janus type composite bar energy converter forms two symmetrical outside Helmholtz cavitys, for outer sap cavity.
2. many sap cavities broad band low frequency underwater acoustic transducer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described in have Source drive to comprise two, described pre-stressed bolt also has two, also comprise intermediate mass piece, intermediate mass piece is that cylindrical, center is provided with tapped through hole, the end thread of two pre-stressed bolts is tightened against in tapped through hole, and two have Source drive and two tubaeform radiation heads by two pre-stressed bolts, to be arranged on the both sides of intermediate mass piece.
3. many sap cavities broad band low frequency underwater acoustic transducer according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: above intermediate mass piece, radial screw bore is set, one end of support bar is arranged in radial screw bore, and two cylindrical shells are directly connected with supporting traverse, and the other end of support bar is connected with supporting traverse.
4. according to the many sap cavities broad band low frequency underwater acoustic transducer described in claim 1,2 or 3, it is characterized in that: described in to have Source drive be stack of piezo crystals, stack of piezo crystals is by bonding the forming of n sheet piezoelectric ceramic wafer, n is >=2 even number, the polarization of piezoelectric ceramic wafer through-thickness, is provided with electrode slice between every two ceramic disks.
5. according to the many sap cavities broad band low frequency underwater acoustic transducer described in claim 1,2 or 3, it is characterized in that: described in to have Source drive be the pole that rare earth ultra-magnetostriction material is made, pole is peripheral is wound around one group of drive coil, and drive coil is enclosed in the closed magnetic circuit that high-permeability material makes.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201310624957.9A CN103646642B (en) | 2013-11-29 | 2013-11-29 | Many sap cavities broad band low frequency underwater acoustic transducer |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201310624957.9A CN103646642B (en) | 2013-11-29 | 2013-11-29 | Many sap cavities broad band low frequency underwater acoustic transducer |
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| CN103646642A true CN103646642A (en) | 2014-03-19 |
| CN103646642B CN103646642B (en) | 2016-03-09 |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106448644A (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2017-02-22 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Nondirectional broadband large-power Janus underwater acoustic transducer |
| CN107068141A (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2017-08-18 | 西北核技术研究所 | Adjustable sheet combination type flextensional transducer |
| CN107465982A (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2017-12-12 | 北京长城电子装备有限责任公司 | A kind of high-power deepwater wideband transducer |
| WO2018041241A1 (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-03-08 | Beijing Supersonic Technology Co., Ltd. | Piezoelectric actuator and low frequency underwater projector |
| CN109075250A (en) * | 2016-04-07 | 2018-12-21 | 晶致材料科技私人有限公司 | The displacement connector of high bending stiffness and the piezoelectric actuator made of the displacement connector |
| CN109935223A (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2019-06-25 | 北京长城电子装备有限责任公司 | A kind of super-small low frequencies energy converter |
| CN110010113A (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2019-07-12 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | The Jenas of radial radiation-Helmholtz's underwater acoustic transducer |
| CN115532570A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2022-12-30 | 中国科学院声学研究所 | Deep water nondirectional transducer |
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| CN101909230A (en) * | 2010-07-15 | 2010-12-08 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Broadband underwater acoustic transducer using composite material of metal, piezoelectric ceramics and polymer |
| CN101964185A (en) * | 2010-09-03 | 2011-02-02 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Ultra-wideband underwater acoustic transducer |
| CN102169685A (en) * | 2011-03-29 | 2011-08-31 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Small sized deepwater underwater sound energy transducer with low frequency and broad band |
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2013
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Patent Citations (4)
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| US6617765B1 (en) * | 1999-10-22 | 2003-09-09 | Thales Underwater Systems S.A.S. | Underwater broadband acoustic transducer |
| CN101909230A (en) * | 2010-07-15 | 2010-12-08 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Broadband underwater acoustic transducer using composite material of metal, piezoelectric ceramics and polymer |
| CN101964185A (en) * | 2010-09-03 | 2011-02-02 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Ultra-wideband underwater acoustic transducer |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109075250B (en) * | 2016-04-07 | 2023-04-04 | 晶致材料科技私人有限公司 | High bending rigidity displacement connector and piezoelectric actuator made of the same |
| CN109075250A (en) * | 2016-04-07 | 2018-12-21 | 晶致材料科技私人有限公司 | The displacement connector of high bending stiffness and the piezoelectric actuator made of the displacement connector |
| WO2018041241A1 (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-03-08 | Beijing Supersonic Technology Co., Ltd. | Piezoelectric actuator and low frequency underwater projector |
| CN106448644B (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2020-01-31 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | nondirectional broadband high-power Janus underwater acoustic transducer |
| CN106448644A (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2017-02-22 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Nondirectional broadband large-power Janus underwater acoustic transducer |
| CN107068141B (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2020-04-14 | 西北核技术研究所 | Adjustable sheet combined flextensional transducer |
| CN107068141A (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2017-08-18 | 西北核技术研究所 | Adjustable sheet combination type flextensional transducer |
| CN107465982B (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2020-02-11 | 北京长城电子装备有限责任公司 | High-power deep water broadband transducer |
| CN107465982A (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2017-12-12 | 北京长城电子装备有限责任公司 | A kind of high-power deepwater wideband transducer |
| CN109935223A (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2019-06-25 | 北京长城电子装备有限责任公司 | A kind of super-small low frequencies energy converter |
| CN110010113A (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2019-07-12 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | The Jenas of radial radiation-Helmholtz's underwater acoustic transducer |
| CN110010113B (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2023-12-08 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Radial radiation jetty-helmholtz underwater acoustic transducer |
| CN115532570A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2022-12-30 | 中国科学院声学研究所 | Deep water nondirectional transducer |
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