CN103641283B - A kind of method reclaiming phosphorus from excess sludge of economy - Google Patents

A kind of method reclaiming phosphorus from excess sludge of economy Download PDF

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CN103641283B
CN103641283B CN201310610599.6A CN201310610599A CN103641283B CN 103641283 B CN103641283 B CN 103641283B CN 201310610599 A CN201310610599 A CN 201310610599A CN 103641283 B CN103641283 B CN 103641283B
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excess sludge
alkaline hydrolysis
supernatant liquor
magnesium
ammonia nitrogen
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CN103641283A (en
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胡勇有
李义勇
于子淇
毕薇
毕琪
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of method reclaiming phosphorus from excess sludge of economy, the steps include: (1) excess sludge pre-treatment (2) excess sludge alkaline hydrolysis: carry out alkaline hydrolysis by single-stage alkaline hydrolysis method or secondary alkaline hydrolysis method, measure the concentration of orthophosphoric acid salt and ammonia nitrogen in supernatant liquor; (3) add the magnesium salt solution of Mg/P mol ratio at 0.8-2, stirring reaction 10-120min, gravity or centrifugation throw out, throw out, through seasoning, obtains magnesium ammonium phosphate crude product.Organism residual in supernatant liquor can be used for anaerobically fermenting methane phase or backflow Sewage treatment systems supplementary carbon source, also can supplement the basicity that anaerobic unit needs, be conducive to the comprehensive utilization of excess sludge.Advantage of the present invention: the nutritive element in comprehensive utilization mud, technique is simple, only needs to add magnesium salts, just recyclable phosphorus, simultaneously recovery part ammonia nitrogen, and does not need to regulate pH, and the magnesium ammonium phosphate crude product obtained may be used for producing fertilizer.

Description

A kind of method reclaiming phosphorus from excess sludge of economy
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of specific resistance to filtration and resource utilization method, belong to water treatment field.Be specifically related to a kind of method reclaiming phosphorus from excess sludge of economy.
Background technology
Along with the quickening of China's Development of China's Urbanization, urban wastewater discharge constantly increases, and the amount of the mud particularly excess sludge that sewage work produces is increasing.Estimate to 2015, municipal sludge amount will reach 759.4 ten thousand tons, and this numerical value also can continue to increase within for some time.General specific resistance to filtration expense accounts for more than 50% of sewage work's overall running cost, needs huge fund input.Meanwhile, mud is also a kind of available resource, the various trace elements of growing containing the nutritive elements such as the nitrogen required for plant-growth, phosphorus, potassium and maintenance plant normal growth and organism and the soil ulmin that can improve Soil structure.Therefore, if the recycling of mud can be realized, then can alleviate the operation working expense of sewage work to a certain extent, also be conducive to environment protection.
Phosphorus is the source of all things on earth growing nutrient, but is a kind of very limited and non-renewable natural Mineral resources.Containing a large amount of phosphorus in municipal effluent, in sewage treatment process, enter excess sludge and be removed, therefore, the potentiality reclaiming phosphorus from excess sludge are very large.From mud, reclaim phosphorus, not only useful and Sustainable development, considerable economic benefit can also be created.Facts have proved, it is feasible for carrying out phosphorus recovery by chemical method.The more chemical recovering method phosphorus of present use has magnesium ammonium phosphate (MgNH usually 4pO 46H 2o, i.e. MAP, be commonly called as struvite) precipitator method and calcium phosphate salt (i.e. HAP) precipitator method.Due to ammonium phosphate magnesium processes recyclable part ammonia nitrogen while recovery phosphorus, and magnesium ammonium phosphate is good slow release fertilizer, so be considered to the most promising phosphorus to reclaim approach.In theory, as long as containing magnesium ion, ammonia nitrogen and ortho-phosphoric acid in solution, their ionic concn amasss the solubility product constant being greater than magnesium ammonium phosphate, and pH is at 8.5-10.0 alkaline range, just has magnesium ammonium phosphate and generates.
Because the phosphorus in mud had both been present in extracellular polymeric, be present in again in born of the same parents, therefore first must make it to be discharged in supernatant liquor by preprocessing means, redeposition is separated and recycles.Report the research of the pretreating sludge release phosphorus such as acid system, By Ozone, supersonic method, microwave method and heating method.But they are except self facility investment and power consumption medicine expend, also there is an extra-pay: supernatant liquor all slant acidity or the weakly acidic pH obtained due to these processing modes, do not reach the alkaline range required by ammonium phosphate magnesium processes, so need to add alkali to regulate pH, and add reagent cost, more limit the large-scale application of these technology.Adopt the mode of alkaline hydrolysis mud release phosphorus, not only low to the requirement of equipment and energy consumption, and can save and add the extra-expense that alkali regulates pH, not only economy but also effective.
Summary of the invention
The present invention will solve the high cost problem reclaiming phosphorus from excess sludge, provides a kind of economical and effective and the method reclaiming phosphorus from excess sludge being conducive to excess sludge comprehensive utilization.
For reaching above object, solution of the present invention is:
The method reclaiming phosphorus from excess sludge of a kind of economy that the present invention proposes, its concrete steps are:
(1) excess sludge pre-treatment: by excess sludge through gravity concentration or to be diluted to concentration be 10-40g/L, be equivalent to water ratio 96%-99%, obtain pretreated excess sludge;
(2) excess sludge alkaline hydrolysis: the release being promoted phosphorus nitrogen element in excess sludge by single-stage alkaline hydrolysis method or secondary alkaline hydrolysis method, measure the concentration of orthophosphoric acid salt and ammonia nitrogen in supernatant liquor, testing method is ammonium molybdate spectrophotometric method and Berthelot spectrophotometry.
(3) what obtain to step (2) contains in the supernatant liquor of ammonia nitrogen and orthophosphoric acid salt, add the magnesium salt solution of Mg/P mol ratio at 0.8-2, stirring reaction 10-120min, the orthophosphoric acid salt that contains in supernatant liquor and ammonia nitrogen and magnesium ion is made to form magnesium ammonium phosphate sediment, gravity or centrifugation throw out, recovery part ammonia nitrogen while reclaiming phosphorus, throw out, through seasoning, obtains magnesium ammonium phosphate crude product.
In aforesaid method, step (2) described single-stage alkaline hydrolysis method is specially: the pretreated excess sludge getting X volume, adding alkali regulates pH to be 10.0-13.0, and stirring reaction 0.5-8h, makes the phosphorus nitrogen element of mud release outside born of the same parents, reinject the pretreated excess sludge of 0.5-3.5X volume, continue stirring reaction 0.5-1h, make pH be down to 8.5-10.0, then carry out centrifugal solid-liquid separation at 2000-6000rpm, collect supernatant liquor, be the supernatant liquor containing ammonia nitrogen and orthophosphoric acid salt.
In aforesaid method, the described secondary alkaline hydrolysis method of step (2) is specially: in first step Basic fluxing raction device, inject the pretreated excess sludge of X volume, stir in 50-350rpm, Basic fluxing raction 0.5-8h, centrifugal discharge supernatant liquor, the i.e. water outlet of first step alkaline hydrolysis after making pH regulator to 8.5-10.0, discharge system; Residual solid after centrifugal, namely first step alkaline hydrolysis is residual solid, injects second stage Basic fluxing raction device, in the Basic fluxing raction device of the second stage, inject the water of 2/7-5/7X volume, while 50-350rpm stirs, regulate pH10.0-13.0 with the sodium hydroxide solution of 1-20M, continue Basic fluxing raction 0.5-8h, centrifugally afterwards obtain supernatant liquor, i.e. secondary alkaline hydrolysis supernatant liquor, injects the reactor of first step alkaline hydrolysis, residual solid after centrifugal, namely secondary alkaline hydrolysis is residual solid, removal system; Recirculation, runs continuously, and wherein the water outlet of first step alkaline hydrolysis is the supernatant liquor containing ammonia nitrogen and orthophosphoric acid salt, and pH is 8.5-10.0.
In aforesaid method, must step (2) be passed through, regulate pH to 8.5-10.0, could start to carry out step (3).
In aforesaid method, the described excess sludge concentration of step (1) controls at 10-40g/L to obtain Phosphurus release largely.
In aforesaid method, described excess sludge is the residual active sludge of municipal sewage plant, concentration basin mud, dewatered sludge and anaerobically digested sludge, comprises treated excess sludge; Described process comprise in acid, ultrasonic, hot and ozone more than one.
In aforesaid method, in described alkaline hydrolysis, the form that adds of alkali comprises solid and solution, and wherein strength of solution is at 1-20M, and the kind of alkali comprises sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide.
In aforesaid method, the orthophosphoric acid salt concentration in the described supernatant liquor containing ammonia nitrogen and orthophosphoric acid salt reaches 30-180mg/L, and ammonia nitrogen concentration reaches 20-150mg/L.
In aforesaid method, described magnesium salt solution comprises magnesium chloride brine, magnesium sulfate solution or the magnesiumcarbonate aqueous solution, or replaces described magnesium salt solution with seawater.
In aforesaid method, the ammonia nitrogen of the recyclable 15%-50% of the method and the orthophosphoric acid salt of 50%-95%, can make TSS and VSS decrement 20%-60% and 30%-80%, and SCOD reaches 2000-10000mg/L.
In aforesaid method, after being separated magnesium ammonium phosphate sediment thing, organism residual in supernatant liquor is used for anaerobically fermenting methane phase or return-flow system supplementary carbon source, can supplement the basicity that anaerobic unit needs simultaneously, be conducive to the comprehensive utilization of excess sludge.
Know-why of the present invention is: under alkaline condition, and hydroxide ion reacts with the acidic-group maintaining the outer polymer architecture of extracellular microbial, promotes protein, polysaccharide, ammonia nitrogen and orthophosphoric acid salt stripping in excess sludge extracellular polymeric; Meanwhile, hydroxide ion can destroy phospholipid bilayer on cytolemma, causes the release of thing in microorganism cells cracking and born of the same parents (protein, polysaccharide, ammonia nitrogen and orthophosphoric acid salt).Supernatant liquor contains ammonia nitrogen and orthophosphoric acid salt, and pH meets magnesium ammonium phosphate sediment condition, only needs to add the magnesium ion that magnesium salts provides appropriate, makes their ionic concn amass the solubility product constant being greater than magnesium ammonium phosphate, will spontaneous generation magnesium ammonium phosphate sediment thing.
Compared with prior art, positively effect of the present invention is:
(1) the present invention adopts alkaline hydrolysis pre-treatment excess sludge, and the total phosphorus of about 40%-90% in mud can be made to be released in supernatant liquor.Wherein 60%-90% is orthophosphoric acid salt, and corresponding concentration is 30-180mg/L, is conducive to chemical recovering method phosphorus; Also discharge a certain amount of ammonia nitrogen in this process, its concentration in supernatant liquor is 20-150mg/L.Meanwhile, supernatant liquor pH is in 8.5-10.0 scope.These conditions can meet the requirement of magnesium ammonium phosphate sediment completely, only need to add magnesium salt solution, can spontaneous a large amount of generation magnesium ammonium phosphate sediment.
(2) the present invention adopts alkaline hydrolysis pre-treatment excess sludge, with acid system (38% hydrochloric acid) and heating method (90 DEG C, 2h) pretreating sludge promotes that the test-results of Phosphurus release compares, and finds that the release ratio of the orthophosphoric acid salt in the supernatant liquor that three kinds of methods obtain all is about 2:3.5:1.Acid system and alkaline process promote that the successful of Phosphurus release is better than heating method; Although the effect of alkaline process is not as good as acid system, reagent consumption, far below the latter, has certain superiority when considering.
(3) the present invention is under the optimized operation condition of ammonium phosphate magnesium processes, the total phosphorus of 25%-50% and the orthophosphoric acid salt of 50%-95% in the water outlet of recyclable alkaline hydrolysis mud.Part ammonia nitrogen in water outlet simultaneously is also recycled utilization.
(4) the present invention adopts alkaline hydrolysis pre-treatment excess sludge, discharges a large amount of organism, makes the SCOD of supernatant liquor reach 2000-10000mg/L.After being separated magnesium ammonium phosphate sediment thing, organism residual in supernatant liquor both can be back to protista treatment system supplementary carbon source, again can anaerobically fermenting methane phase, can supplement the basicity that anaerobic unit needs simultaneously, be conducive to the comprehensive utilization of excess sludge.
(5) the present invention adopts alkaline hydrolysis pre-treatment excess sludge, has certain reduced training, and excess sludge TSS, VSS reduce 20%-60% and 30%-80%, achieves stabilization and the minimizing of mud, is conducive to follow-up sludge disposal.
accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 is secondary alkaline hydrolysis process flow sheet.
Fig. 2 is the effect of phosphorus nitrogen release under different pH value in single-stage alkaline hydrolysis process in embodiment 1.
Fig. 3 is the effect of phosphorus nitrogen in the ammonium phosphate magnesium processes recovery water outlet in embodiment 2.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail:
Embodiment 1
(1) single-stage alkaline hydrolysis operating process: be the excess sludge of 20g/L respectively to the concentration injecting X volume in 6 reactors, while 150rpm stirs, add alkali with the adjustment of the sodium hydroxide solution of 10M regulates pH to be 8.0,9.0,10.0,11.0,12.0,12.5,13.0,13.5, stirring reaction 1h, make the phosphorus nitrogen element of mud release outside born of the same parents, this is alkaline hydrolysis mud.As seen from Figure 2, within the scope of pH10.0-13.5, along with pH raises, more phosphorus nitrogen element is released in the liquid phase of mud, effect highly significant; But the amount of sodium hydroxide added required for after considering pH13.0 sharply increases, the comparatively suitable pH condition chosen is 13.0.
(2) in alkaline hydrolysis mud, directly in the excess sludge mixing of step (1) pH condition to be the concentration injecting X volume in the reactor of 13.0 be 20g/L, continue stirring reaction 1h, make pH be down to 9.6.Then carry out centrifugal solid-liquid separation at 4000rpm, collect supernatant liquor, the concentration recording orthophosphoric acid salt and ammonia nitrogen in supernatant liquor is respectively 70mg/L and 65.5mg/L.Now, centrifugal rear residual solid TSS and VSS reduces by 40% and 55% than excess sludge, reaches stabilization effect, is conducive to subsequent disposal and disposes.
(3) according to volumetric molar concentration and the content of the orthophosphoric acid salt in supernatant liquor, add the magnesium salts that Mg/P mol ratio is 1.4 wherein, to there is a large amount of precipitation in 100rpm stirring reaction 10min, gravity or centrifugation throw out, seasoning, obtains magnesium ammonium phosphate crude product.Meanwhile, the organic concentration of centrifuged supernatant is high, and SCOD is 2570mg/L, is applicable to make carbon source or anaerobically fermenting methane phase;
(4) this process characteristic is: simple to operate, equipment investment and running cost low.
Embodiment 2
(1) secondary alkaline hydrolysis operating process as shown in Figure 1, and in first step Basic fluxing raction device A, inject the pretreated excess sludge 1 of X volume, its concentration is 20g/L, is equivalent to water ratio 98%, and stir in 150rpm, Basic fluxing raction 1h, makes pH regulator to 9.2-9.4.Then centrifugal discharge supernatant liquor, i.e. first step alkaline hydrolysis water outlet 6, discharges system; Residual solid after centrifugal, namely first step alkaline hydrolysis residual solid 2, injects second stage Basic fluxing raction device.In the Basic fluxing raction device B of the second stage, inject the water of 3/7X volume, while 150rpm stirs, regulate pH13.0 with the sodium hydroxide solution of 10M, continue Basic fluxing raction 1h.Then centrifugally obtain supernatant liquor, i.e. secondary alkaline hydrolysis supernatant liquor 5, inject the reactor of first step alkaline hydrolysis; Residual solid after centrifugal, i.e. secondary alkaline hydrolysis residual solid 3, removal system.Recirculation, runs continuously.In whole operating process, final discharge system be residual solid (sludge stream is to being designated solid line), the water added and alkali finally discharge system (supernatant liquor flows to and is designated dotted line) with water outlet.Wherein, after residual solid 3 dehydrations, TSS and VSS reduces 30%-40% and 40%-50% than excess sludge, reaches stabilization effect, can directly sanitary landfill process; First step alkaline hydrolysis water outlet 6 is the supernatant liquor containing ammonia nitrogen (62.5-64.5mg/L) and orthophosphoric acid salt (62-64mg/L), and pH is 9.2-9.4.
(2) concentration of the orthophosphoric acid salt in water outlet 6 is measured, according to its volumetric molar concentration amount, respectively to the magnesium salts wherein adding 0,1.0,1.4,1.6,1.8 and 2.0 times of mole number, 100rpm stirring reaction 10min is to occurring a large amount of precipitation, gravity or centrifugation throw out, seasoning, obtains magnesium ammonium phosphate crude product.As seen from Figure 3, the magnesium salts amount added is at 0-1.4 doubly in the scope of orthophosphoric acid salt volumetric molar concentration, and along with the rising of throwing magnesium amount, the phosphorus nitrogen element in water outlet is more reclaimed, and generates magnesium ammonium phosphate product; But the rate of recovery of phosphoric (orthophosphoric acid salt) remains unchanged after 1.4 times, no longer include magnesium ammonium phosphate and produce, therefore the comparatively suitable throwing magnesium amount (Mg/P ratio) chosen is 1.4.Meanwhile, in centrifuged supernatant, organic concentration high (SCOD is 2330-2360mg/L), is applicable to make carbon source or anaerobically fermenting methane phase.
(3) feature of this technique is: relative to embodiment 1, can reduce alkali and consume 15%-50%.
The above-mentioned description to embodiment can understand and apply the invention for ease of those skilled in the art.Person skilled in the art obviously easily can make various amendment to these embodiments, and General Principle described herein is applied in other embodiments and need not through performing creative labour.Therefore, the invention is not restricted to embodiment here, those skilled in the art are according to announcement of the present invention, and the improvement made for the present invention and amendment all should within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. the economic method reclaiming phosphorus from excess sludge, is characterized in that, its method is as follows:
(1) excess sludge pre-treatment: by excess sludge through gravity concentration or to be diluted to concentration be 10-40g/L, be equivalent to water ratio 96%-99%, obtain pretreated excess sludge;
(2) excess sludge alkaline hydrolysis: the release being promoted phosphorus nitrogen element in excess sludge by secondary alkaline hydrolysis method, measures the concentration of orthophosphoric acid salt and ammonia nitrogen in supernatant liquor; Described secondary alkaline hydrolysis method is specially: in first step Basic fluxing raction device, injects the pretreated excess sludge of X volume, stirs in 50-350rpm, Basic fluxing raction 0.5-8h, centrifugal discharge supernatant liquor, the i.e. water outlet of first step alkaline hydrolysis after making pH regulator to 8.5-10.0, discharge system; Residual solid after centrifugal, namely first step alkaline hydrolysis is residual solid, injects second stage Basic fluxing raction device, in the Basic fluxing raction device of the second stage, inject the water of 2/7-5/7X volume, while 50-350rpm stirs, regulate pH10.0-13.0 with the sodium hydroxide solution of 1-20mol/L, continue Basic fluxing raction 0.5-8h, centrifugally afterwards obtain supernatant liquor, i.e. secondary alkaline hydrolysis supernatant liquor, injects the reactor of first step alkaline hydrolysis, residual solid after centrifugal, namely secondary alkaline hydrolysis is residual solid, discharges system; Recirculation, runs continuously, and wherein the water outlet of first step alkaline hydrolysis is the supernatant liquor containing ammonia nitrogen and orthophosphoric acid salt, and pH is 8.5-10.0;
(3) what obtain to step (2) contains in the supernatant liquor of ammonia nitrogen and orthophosphoric acid salt, add the magnesium salt solution of Mg/P mol ratio at 0.8-2, stirring reaction 10-120min, the orthophosphoric acid salt that contains in supernatant liquor and ammonia nitrogen and magnesium ion is made to form magnesium ammonium phosphate sediment, gravity or centrifugation throw out, recovery part ammonia nitrogen while reclaiming phosphorus, throw out, through seasoning, obtains magnesium ammonium phosphate crude product.
2. the method reclaiming phosphorus from excess sludge of a kind of economy as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described excess sludge is the residual active sludge of municipal sewage plant, concentration basin mud, dewatered sludge and anaerobically digested sludge, comprises treated excess sludge; Described process comprise in acid, ultrasonic, hot and ozone more than one.
3. the method reclaiming phosphorus from excess sludge of a kind of economy as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described alkaline hydrolysis, the form that adds of alkali comprises solid and solution, and wherein strength of solution is at 1-20mol/L, and the kind of alkali comprises sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide.
4. the method reclaiming phosphorus from excess sludge of a kind of economy as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the orthophosphoric acid salt concentration in the described supernatant liquor containing ammonia nitrogen and orthophosphoric acid salt reaches 30-180mg/L, and ammonia nitrogen concentration reaches 20-150mg/L.
5. the method reclaiming phosphorus from excess sludge of a kind of economy as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described magnesium salt solution comprises magnesium chloride brine, magnesium sulfate solution or the magnesiumcarbonate aqueous solution, or replaces described magnesium salt solution with seawater.
6. the method reclaiming phosphorus from excess sludge of a kind of economy as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the method reclaims the ammonia nitrogen of 15%-50% and the orthophosphoric acid salt of 50%-95%, makes TSS and VSS decrement 20%-60% and 30%-80%, and makes supernatant liquor SCOD reach 2000-10000mg/L.
7. the method reclaiming phosphorus from excess sludge of a kind of economy as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, after being separated magnesium ammonium phosphate sediment thing, organism residual in supernatant liquor is used for anaerobic digestion methane phase or return-flow system supplementary carbon source, supplement the basicity that anaerobic unit needs simultaneously, be conducive to the comprehensive utilization of excess sludge.
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