CN103639646A - Machining technique for longitudinal seam bevel of punching-welding axle housing - Google Patents

Machining technique for longitudinal seam bevel of punching-welding axle housing Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103639646A
CN103639646A CN201310732146.0A CN201310732146A CN103639646A CN 103639646 A CN103639646 A CN 103639646A CN 201310732146 A CN201310732146 A CN 201310732146A CN 103639646 A CN103639646 A CN 103639646A
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China
Prior art keywords
axle housing
welding
punching
machining
processing technology
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CN201310732146.0A
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CN103639646B (en
Inventor
蔡士祥
张延兵
郭延东
郭少磊
董世辉
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Cnhtc Jinan Axle Co ltd
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China National Heavy Duty Truck Group Jinan Power Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23PMETAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C5/00Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/02Milling-cutters characterised by the shape of the cutter
    • B23C5/08Disc-type cutters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K33/00Specially-profiled edge portions of workpieces for making soldering or welding connections; Filling the seams formed thereby
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/02Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
    • B23Q3/06Work-clamping means
    • B23Q3/062Work-clamping means adapted for holding workpieces having a special form or being made from a special material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/02Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
    • B23Q3/06Work-clamping means
    • B23Q3/08Work-clamping means other than mechanically-actuated
    • B23Q3/082Work-clamping means other than mechanically-actuated hydraulically actuated

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a machining technique for a longitudinal seam bevel of a punching-welding axle housing. The machining technique comprises the following steps: conducting shot-blasting machining on half housings formed through punch first, then butting the two half housings, placing the two half housings on a welding fixture, clamping the ends of the half housings correspondingly, performing bottoming weld along the inner side of the butt seam from inside to edge not only in a position close to a reducer mounting hole but also at two ends of each half housing, so as to fixedly connect the two half housings to form the axle housing, and then cleaning weld roots; arranging a positioning clamp and a cutter on the machining center and compiling a numerically controlled machining program to arrange the axle housing on the positioning clamp for clamping and positioning, and performing one-time machining on the outer side of the butt seam with the cutter controlled by the numerically controlled machining program to form a bevel with an opening meeting the welding process requirements in angle and depth. According to the description of the scheme, the machining technique has the benefits that the technique is concise, the production efficiency is high, the product quality is reliable, and the size is highly ensured.

Description

A kind of punching weldering axle housing longitudinal joint groove processing technology
Technical field
The present invention rushes weldering axle housing processing technology, relates in particular to a kind of punching weldering axle housing longitudinal joint groove processing technology.
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Background technology
Axle housing is the important set member of automobile running system, not only wants load-bearing also to want power transmission, bear by dynamic loading and the caused multiple curved power of dead load and torsion, and the longitudinal seam welding quality of punching weldering axle housing plays decisive role to the bearing capacity of axle housing and non-deformability.The processing technology of welding axle housing longitudinal seam welding groove when preshoot mainly contains following several:
1, directly compressing to groove during half casing forming, the method is higher to the design of mould and axle housing spread material, commissioning requirements, compressing groove size fluctuation range is large, has gap or dimension overproof while easily causing butt welding, and longitudinal seam welding time weldering is leaked or not weld penetration quality problems;
2, with double shell finished edge of flame cutting mode, the method is larger on the impact of axle housing material structure, needs to carry out normalized treatment after cutting, and process is more complicated, and efficiency is low, and larger on the welding impact of follow-up axle housing;
3,, with planer or groove special purpose machine tool finished edge, because current planer and groove special purpose machine tool machine are used for processing the circular groove of pipe or flat sheet straight line groove, the method cannot guarantee the dimensional requirement of axle housing R arc transition position groove.
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Summary of the invention
The present invention be directed to the existing deficiency of prior art, and provide that a kind of technique is succinct, production efficiency is high, reliable product quality and Assurance of Size ability strong rush weldering axle housing longitudinal joint groove processing technology.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of punching weldering axle housing longitudinal joint groove processing technology, comprise the following steps:
Step 1: stamping forming half shell is carried out to Shot Blasting;
Step 2: two described half shell docking are placed on weld jig, two ends clamping, be positioned near decelerator installing hole place and by inner, to limit, carry out bottoming welding along abutment joint inner side, be positioned at described half shell two ends and by inner, to limit, carry out bottoming welding along abutment joint inner side, make two described half shells be fixedly connected to form axle housing, remove root of weld;
Step 3: machining center arranges positioning fixture and cutter and sets up nc program, described axle housing is placed in to clamping position on described positioning fixture, and described nc program is controlled described cutter time processing outside described abutment joint is formed to the groove that opening is applicable to welding process requirement angle and the degree of depth.
Wherein, the bottoming weld length being positioned near described decelerator installing hole place is 80-150mm, and the bottoming weld length that is positioned at described axle housing two ends is 100-150mm.
The weld jig that described step 2 is used comprises that described base two ends are provided with for clamping the screw clamp at two described half shell two ends for placing the base of described half shell of two docking.
The positioning fixture that described step 3 is used comprises base plate, described base plate is provided with for supporting the V-arrangement open stand of end, described axle housing two ends, near described support, be provided with the screw clamp that clamps described axle housing from two ends, near described support, be also provided with the downward application of force to coordinate described support to clamp the hydraulic clip of end, described axle housing two ends; Described base plate is also provided with the horizontal application of force and clamps the hydraulic clip at middle part, described axle housing two ends and the hydraulic clip of the described axle housing card part of clamping.
The cutter that described step 3 is used comprises disc cutterhead, is uniformly distributed in the dish week of described cutterhead and is provided with 5-15 ansa shape cutter holder, and it is partly the blade of ansa shape that described cutter holder is equipped with cutting edge.
The bottoming welding of described step 2 adopts arc welding.
The groove opening angle of described step 3 machine-shaping is 50-70 °, and the degree of depth is 5-12mm.
Preferably, the groove opening angle of described step 3 machine-shaping is 60 °, and the degree of depth is 10mm.
The beneficial effect of this programme can learn according to the narration to such scheme, technique is succinct, production efficiency is high, reliable product quality and Assurance of Size ability strong.Inside axle housing two halves shell assembling point is solid, two ends and card after local bottoming welding, by vertical machining centre, longitudinal joint groove is shaped, first changed first double shell groove processing in the past, solid technology mode is put in rear assembling, can guarantee preferably the final size of groove; Secondly axle housing two ends, to there being the excessive difference in height of R arc between card, adopt vertical machining centre nc program and dedicated tool processing, axle housing longitudinal joint groove time processing can be become meet opening angle and the degree of depth of welding process requirement.
Step 2 is at the local of axle housing two ends and card inner side and only in the part of axle housing two ends and card inner side, adopt backing welding back chipping, combine with the groove deep penetration welding of subsequent handling, can form complete penetraction and fusion in welding at two ends and card inner side, the Optimization Technology considering for welding procedure, axle housing intensity and cost: first, axle housing two ends inner sides and card inner side are carried out backing welding and are easy to observe and operation, and part inner side between axle housing two ends and card is carried out backing welding and is difficult to observe and operate.Secondly, deep penetration welding single face-formed, fusion penetration is generally 2/3 left and right of thickness of slab, the metallurgical reaction of double-edged weld metal is not very complete, and the weld metal that complete penetraction and fusion in welding is exactly two sides has completed good phase transition process, interior tissue is homogeneous relatively, and metallurgical imperfection is less.According to Laws of Mechanics, the two ends of axle housing and card are when stressed, and stress concentration degree is larger, and the weld seam at this two place weld seam relatively between the two more easily breaks; And the welding point of complete penetraction and fusion in welding can effectively avoid stress to concentrate and improve the mechanical property of welding point, at this two place, carry out backing welding back chipping, be combined with deep penetration welding and form the weld strength that complete penetraction and fusion in welding has at utmost promoted axle housing.Again, complete penetraction and fusion in welding is compared with deep penetration welding, no matter from the consumption of wlding, workman's working strength, or follow-up check all large many, thereby cost is much bigger.Deep penetration welding single face-formed, does not need back chipping, generally only requires and does airtight test; And complete penetraction and fusion in welding is wanted back chipping to backing welding, adopt carbon arc air gouging, pneumatic scoop, electric wheel etc. to remove the defect of the backing welding root of weld, as pore, pit, impurity etc., after having welded, require both to have done air-tightness and do again MT or UT inspection.
Step 2 only clamps the two ends of two and half shells, because step 1 has been carried out the internal stress that Shot Blasting has discharged two and half shells, and due to backing welding, form the welding of back pad welding bead during as single groove butt welding, in this programme, weldering is deeply 1/3 left and right of thickness of slab, so weld jig only clamps two ends just can guarantee backing welding time, two and half shells welding deformation can not occur.
Step 2 adopts arc welding to carry out bottoming welding, is due to arc welding flexible operation, and joint matching requirements to be welded are low, can simplify technique.
Step 3 adopts machining center to process, and is because axle housing weld seam comprises multistage curve profile.The automated machine tool that machining center is comprised of plant equipment and digital control system, it is applied to this programme and has utilized its following advantage: 1, be applicable to processed complex profile.Adopt nc program to control cutter, can process the complex profile that conventional method is difficult to processing, as the groove profile of this programme intermediate axle shell weld seam, can also process the working position that some cannot be observed.As long as set nc program, cutter just can be from the fixed origin setting in motion of tool setting point or lathe, along the processing route setting, process and withdrawing, comprise and along the path of machining, process and carry out cutter incision, cut out, along the idle stroke path of non-cutting, advance and return in addition, until process at one time the fixed origin of returning to tool setting point or lathe.2, frock is simple.First, the part of machining shape complexity does not need complicated frock, as wants the part of manufacturing complex shapes and size, only need to set up applicable nc program; Secondly, can reduce in a large number frock quantity, after workpiece clamped one time, can just can complete more processing content, particularly can complete the processing that many conventional equipments can not complete, the processing of the precision of also having relatively high expectations such as shape is more complicated.3, precision is high.Crudy is stable, and machining accuracy is high, and repeatable accuracy is high.4, produce time few.Because change nc program, just can change production, and frock is also simple, can reduce the time of producing preparation, lathe adjustment and process inspection, higher for production efficiency in many kinds, small lot batch manufacture situation, and owing to using optimized cutting amount to reduce the production time.
The positioning fixture that step 3 is used comprises base plate, and base plate is provided with for supporting the V-arrangement open stand of end, axle housing two ends, near support, is provided with the downward application of force to coordinate the hydraulic clip of support clamping end, axle housing two ends; Base plate is also provided with the hydraulic clip at middle part, horizontal application of force clamping axle housing two ends and the hydraulic clip of clamping axle housing card part, simple in structure, has limited the free degree of axle housing, but also limited the rotation of axle housing along each direction in space from six direction before and after up and down.Positioning fixture adopts hydraulic clip, and hydraulic clip is exactly to replace machine components to realize the fixture to the automatic location of workpiece, supporting and clamping with Hydraulic Elements.The Hydraulic Elements of selecting by handle and the mechanical part of design are assembled together, just can obtain needed fixture, hydraulic clip can guarantee workpiece location and firmly clamping accurately on the position of regulation, hydraulic clip can bear large cutting force when roughing, also can guarantee the accurate location when Precision Machining.Hydraulic clip also has the following advantages: 1, hydraulic clip can reduce vibration and the distortion in processing by float support, and chucking power is not subject to the impact of part shape, thickness.2, machining area occupies little space.3, can fast clamp and release fast.
The cutter that step 3 is used comprises disc cutterhead, is uniformly distributed in the dish week of cutterhead and is provided with 5-15 ansa shape cutter holder, and it is partly the blade of ansa shape that cutter holder is equipped with cutting edge.In process, cutterhead is parallel with the abutment joint of two and half shells, can be once by groove machine-shaping.
The groove opening angle of step 3 machine-shaping is 60 °, is because thickness of slab is 14mm, and during even number according to the thickness of welding standard sheet material between 12-26mm, the bevelled angle of one side is 60 °; Groove depth is 10mm, is because thickness of slab is 14mm, and 10mm approaches and be not less than 2/3 of 14mm, and when back of weld is difficult to check and checks, the weldering that has met deep penetration welding waits specification requirement deeply as much as possible.
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Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the specific embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of specific embodiment of the invention A-A section position.
Fig. 3 is specific embodiment of the invention A-A generalized section.
Fig. 4 is specific embodiment of the invention machining center positioning fixture structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is specific embodiment of the invention machining center cutter structure schematic diagram.
In figure, 1, upper half shell; 2, lower half shell; 3, base plate; 4, support; 5, screw clamp; 6, hydraulic clip 1; 7, hydraulic clip two; 8, hydraulic clip three; 9, cutterhead; 10, cutter holder; 11, blade.
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The specific embodiment
For clearly demonstrating the technical characterstic of this programme, below by the specific embodiment, this programme is set forth.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention is a kind of punching weldering axle housing longitudinal joint groove processing technology, and as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, when axle housing thickness of slab H is 14mm, the groove opening angle α of machine-shaping is 60 °, and degree of depth h is 10mm, and this technique comprises the following steps:
Step 1: stamping forming upper half shell 1 and lower half shell 2 are carried out to Shot Blasting;
Step 2: upper half shell 1 and lower half shell 2 docking are placed on weld jig, weld jig comprises for placing the base of half shell of two docking, base two ends are provided with for clamping the screw clamp at two and half shell two ends, with screw clamp, upper half shell 1 and lower half shell 2 two ends are clamped, be positioned near decelerator installing hole place and by the inner arc welding that adopts to limit, carry out bottoming welding along the A place inside abutment joint, bottoming weld length in A place is 80mm, be positioned at upper half shell 1 and lower half shell 2 two ends and by the inner arc welding that adopts to limit, carry out bottoming welding along the B place inside abutment joint, bottoming weld length in B place is 100mm, make upper half shell 1 and lower half shell 2 be fixedly connected to form axle housing, remove root of weld,
Step 3: machining center arranges positioning fixture and cutter and sets up nc program, as shown in Figure 4, positioning fixture comprises as for the base plate 3 on Cutter Body Processing with Machining Center platform, base plate 3 is provided with for supporting the V-arrangement open stand 4 of end, axle housing two ends, near support 4, be provided with from the screw clamp 5 of two ends clamping axle housing, near support 4, be also provided with the downward application of force to coordinate the hydraulic clip 1 of support 4 clamping ends, axle housing two ends; Base plate 3 is also provided with the hydraulic clip 27 at middle part, horizontal application of force clamping axle housing two ends and the hydraulic clip 38 of clamping axle housing card part.As shown in Figure 5, cutter comprises disc cutterhead 9, is uniformly distributed in the dish week of cutterhead 9 and is provided with 8 ansa shape cutter holders 10, and it is partly the blade 11 of ansa shape that cutter holder 10 is equipped with cutting edge.Axle housing is placed in to clamping position on positioning fixture, and nc program is controlled cutter and time processing outside abutment joint is formed to opening to be applicable to welding process requirement opening angle α be 60 °, the groove that degree of depth h is 10mm.
The present invention can pass through or adopt existing techniques in realizing without the technical characterictic of describing; do not repeat them here; certainly; above-mentioned explanation is not limitation of the present invention; the present invention is also not limited in above-mentioned giving an example; the variation that those skilled in the art make in essential scope of the present invention, remodeling, interpolation or replacement, also should belong to protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. a punching weldering axle housing longitudinal joint groove processing technology, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: stamping forming half shell is carried out to Shot Blasting;
Step 2: two described half shell docking are placed on weld jig, two ends clamping, be positioned near decelerator installing hole place and by inner, to limit, carry out bottoming welding along abutment joint inner side, be positioned at described half shell two ends and by inner, to limit, carry out bottoming welding along abutment joint inner side, make two described half shells be fixedly connected to form axle housing, remove root of weld;
Step 3: machining center arranges positioning fixture and cutter and sets up nc program, described axle housing is placed in to clamping position on described positioning fixture, and described nc program is controlled described cutter time processing outside described abutment joint is formed to the groove that opening is applicable to welding process requirement angle and the degree of depth.
2. punching weldering axle housing longitudinal joint groove processing technology according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the bottoming weld length being positioned near described decelerator installing hole place is 80-150mm, and the bottoming weld length that is positioned at described axle housing two ends is 100-150mm.
3. axle housing longitudinal joint groove processing technology is welded in punching according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, the weld jig that described step 2 is used comprises that described base two ends are provided with for clamping the screw clamp at two described half shell two ends for placing the base of described half shell of two docking.
4. axle housing longitudinal joint groove processing technology is welded in punching according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, the positioning fixture that described step 3 is used comprises base plate, described base plate is provided with for supporting the V-arrangement open stand of end, described axle housing two ends, near described support, be provided with the screw clamp that clamps described axle housing from two ends, near described support, be also provided with the downward application of force to coordinate described support to clamp the hydraulic clip of end, described axle housing two ends; Described base plate is also provided with the horizontal application of force and clamps the hydraulic clip at middle part, described axle housing two ends and the hydraulic clip of the described axle housing card part of clamping.
5. axle housing longitudinal joint groove processing technology is welded in punching according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, the cutter that described step 3 is used comprises disc cutterhead, is uniformly distributed in the dish week of described cutterhead and is provided with 5-15 ansa shape cutter holder, and it is partly the blade of ansa shape that described cutter holder is equipped with cutting edge.
6. punching weldering axle housing longitudinal joint groove processing technology according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, the bottoming welding of described step 2 adopts arc welding.
7. punching weldering axle housing longitudinal joint groove processing technology according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, the groove opening angle of described step 3 machine-shaping is 50-70 °, and the degree of depth is 5-12mm.
8. punching weldering axle housing longitudinal joint groove processing technology according to claim 7, is characterized in that, the groove opening angle of described step 3 machine-shaping is 60 °, and the degree of depth is 10mm.
CN201310732146.0A 2013-12-27 2013-12-27 A kind of punching weldering axle housing longitudinal joint retaining wall on slope technique Active CN103639646B (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108705182A (en) * 2018-04-13 2018-10-26 东风商用车有限公司 Large-fusion-depth welding method for axle housing longitudinal seam
CN110497164A (en) * 2019-08-29 2019-11-26 宁波嘉鹏机械设备制造有限公司 The processing technology of joining beam is driven in a kind of thermoplastic forming apparatus
CN111037237A (en) * 2019-12-31 2020-04-21 重庆康桥工业有限公司 Preparation method of rear axle shell of heavy truck

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5438054B2 (en) * 1972-04-04 1979-11-19
US6609649B1 (en) * 2001-07-13 2003-08-26 Torque-Traction Technologies, Inc. Method for manufacturing banjo-type axle housings
CN102407733A (en) * 2011-08-24 2012-04-11 洛阳路通重工机械有限公司 Manufacturing method of driving axle housing of heavy load road roller
CN102809660A (en) * 2012-08-22 2012-12-05 合肥工业大学 Method and equipment for detecting fatigue damage during automobile axle housing reproduction
CN102864384A (en) * 2012-08-31 2013-01-09 中国重汽集团济南动力有限公司 High-strength automobile axle housing material and method for manufacturing axle housing

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5438054B2 (en) * 1972-04-04 1979-11-19
US6609649B1 (en) * 2001-07-13 2003-08-26 Torque-Traction Technologies, Inc. Method for manufacturing banjo-type axle housings
CN102407733A (en) * 2011-08-24 2012-04-11 洛阳路通重工机械有限公司 Manufacturing method of driving axle housing of heavy load road roller
CN102809660A (en) * 2012-08-22 2012-12-05 合肥工业大学 Method and equipment for detecting fatigue damage during automobile axle housing reproduction
CN102864384A (en) * 2012-08-31 2013-01-09 中国重汽集团济南动力有限公司 High-strength automobile axle housing material and method for manufacturing axle housing

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108705182A (en) * 2018-04-13 2018-10-26 东风商用车有限公司 Large-fusion-depth welding method for axle housing longitudinal seam
CN110497164A (en) * 2019-08-29 2019-11-26 宁波嘉鹏机械设备制造有限公司 The processing technology of joining beam is driven in a kind of thermoplastic forming apparatus
CN110497164B (en) * 2019-08-29 2021-09-17 宁波嘉鹏机械设备制造有限公司 Machining process of driving link rod in thermoplastic forming equipment
CN111037237A (en) * 2019-12-31 2020-04-21 重庆康桥工业有限公司 Preparation method of rear axle shell of heavy truck

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Effective date of registration: 20230117

Address after: Xidun Qiu 1st, 2nd, 3rd and Xujia Village, Suncun Town, High-tech Zone, Jinan City, Shandong Province, 250000

Patentee after: CNHTC (Jinan) Axle Co.,Ltd.

Address before: Shengjing tangwangshan Road North Panwang Road West, Zhangqiu City, Jinan City, Shandong Province 250200

Patentee before: China National Heavy Duty Truck Group Jinan Power Co.,Ltd.