CN103632557B - A kind of VMS event information dissemination method and device - Google Patents
A kind of VMS event information dissemination method and device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of VMS event information dissemination method and device, in order to automatically to choose VMS, realization event self organization information is issued, and improves treatment effeciency.Wherein, described VMS event information dissemination method comprises: obtain event information; According to described event information, determine event type and the event class of event; According to the event type determined and event class, from predefined event information conversion table, search corresponding Information issued scope and issue duration, the corresponding relation that described event information conversion table is event type and event class and Information issued scope and issues between duration; According to the Information issued scope found, select to meet pre-conditioned VMS display device; In described issue duration, described event information issued by the VMS display device selected.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to modern traffic control and inductive technology field, particularly relate to a kind of VMS event information dissemination method and device.
Background technology
For alleviating day by day serious urban traffic blocking, need motor vehicle is carried out to trip regulation and control, shunt the vehicle science of congested link, and rationally induce passerby and select optimal path to spend the minimum travel time and to take minimum path resource.Existing urban traffic guidance Information issued and control system are generally based on sensor device Real-time Collection traffic flow datas such as RTMS, coil checker, video detectors, these data through the process of control center and analysis, then are issued to traveler with various ways such as word, figure, voice.It is that VMS induction information is issued and control system that the induction information of current widespread use is issued with control system.Existing urban road VMS information issuing system is generally made up of central control system, communication system and outfield VMS display device three part.Central control system realizes the functions such as transport information process, guidance information generation, induction information issuing control, system management, communication system realizes the transmission released news, and the outfield VMS display device being arranged on urban road realizes the issue display of guidance information.
VMS adopts figure, word, figure to add word three kinds of forms usually, the information such as display road conditions, traffic events, traffic control measure.When in road network during certain road generation event, written form is usually adopted to be issued by VMS display device.In prior art, determine the coverage of event and affect duration, and issued by corresponding VMS display device by managerial personnel, it is very large that this makes existing VMS information issuing method affect by artificial subjective factor, and treatment effeciency is low.
Summary of the invention
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of VMS event information dissemination method and device, and in order to automatically to choose VMS, the self-organization of realization event information is issued, and improves treatment effeciency.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of VMS event information dissemination method, comprising:
Obtain event information;
According to described event information, determine event type and the event class of event;
According to the event type determined and event class, from predefined event information conversion table, search corresponding Information issued scope and issue duration, the corresponding relation that described event information conversion table is event type and event class and Information issued scope and issues between duration;
According to the Information issued scope found, select to meet pre-conditioned VMS display device;
In described issue duration, described event information issued by the VMS display device selected.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of VMS event information distributing device, comprising:
Acquiring unit, for obtaining event information;
Determining unit, for according to described event information, determines event type and the event class of event;
Search unit, the event type determined for basis and event class, from predefined event information conversion table, search corresponding Information issued scope and issue duration, the corresponding relation that described event information conversion table is event type and event class and Information issued scope and issues between duration;
Selection unit, for according to the Information issued scope found, selects to meet pre-conditioned VMS display device;
Release unit, in described issue duration, described event information is issued by the VMS display device selected.
The VMS event information dissemination method that the embodiment of the present invention provides, when on road, event occurs, obtain event information, according to event type and the event class of the event information determination event obtained, and from predefined event information conversion table, search corresponding Information issued scope and issue duration, the VMS display device satisfied condition is selected to issue in the issue duration determined according to Information issued scope, said process is without the need to artificial participation, thus the self-organization achieving event information is issued, the treatment effeciency that the Word message that improve event is issued.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in the following description, and, partly become apparent from instructions, or understand by implementing the present invention.Object of the present invention and other advantages realize by structure specifically noted in write instructions, claims and accompanying drawing and obtain.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing described herein is used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, forms a part of the present invention, and schematic description and description of the present invention, for explaining the present invention, does not form inappropriate limitation of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 a is in the embodiment of the present invention, has the angle of annexation section and current road segment E01;
Fig. 1 b is in the embodiment of the present invention, without the angle of annexation section and current road segment E01;
Fig. 2 is in the embodiment of the present invention, the implementing procedure schematic diagram of VMS event information dissemination method;
Fig. 3 is in the embodiment of the present invention, determines the implementing procedure schematic diagram of each VMS display device induction scope section list;
Fig. 4 is in the embodiment of the present invention, determines the implementing procedure schematic diagram of events affecting scope section list;
Fig. 5 is in the embodiment of the present invention, selects the implementing procedure schematic diagram meeting pre-conditioned VMS display device;
Fig. 6 is in the embodiment of the present invention, the structural representation of VMS event information distributing device.
Embodiment
In order to realize the automatic issue of VMS event information, the treatment effeciency that the Word message improving event is issued, embodiments provides a kind of VMS event information dissemination method and device.
Below in conjunction with Figure of description, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described, be to be understood that, preferred embodiment described herein is only for instruction and explanation of the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention, and when not conflicting, the embodiment in the present invention and the feature in embodiment can combine mutually.
In the embodiment of the present invention, describe city road network by setting up node-segmental arc model, section attribute is represented by segmental arc weights, and its Formal Representation is:
Wherein, G represents road network; V is the node set of non-NULL, and i is node, and n is nodal point number;
E is oriented segmental arc collection, represents the oriented section set of road network; W is segmental arc power collection, represents the weights of the oriented segmental arc of road network.It should be noted that, the section mentioned in the present invention all refers to oriented section.
Contextual definition between road network key element:
Whether be connected with other nodes, section according to current road segment, the relation between section is divided into has annexation and without annexation.Current road segment and other sections are end to end situations to have annexation section only to refer to.The starting point in section, terminal and this section is only had to have annexation.In actual road network, illustrate between section and section, crossing whether there is connected relation.
Current road segment and other section shortest paths, refer to from current road segment, experiences minimum section and count to the path reaching target road section.
The shortest path nodal point number in current road segment and other sections, refers to from current road segment, experiences minimum section and counts to the nodal point number that the path that reaches target road section comprises.
The angle in current road segment and other sections, refers to the anticlockwise angle of current road segment terminal extended line and the crossing formation of other section starting point extended lines.Fig. 1 a and Fig. 1 b respectively illustrates annexation section and the angle calcu-lation mode without annexation section and current road segment E01.
The downstream road section of current road segment, if refer to, the angle in current road segment and other sections is α, all
other sections are all downstream road section of current road segment.In actual road network, refer to VMS(VariableMessageSign, changeable-message sign) downstream road section in section, place.The section, upstream of current road segment, by current road segment starting point being turned to, asks the downstream road section turning to section, then these downstream road section is turned to, and obtains the section, upstream of current road segment.
In the embodiment of the present invention, according to the content of the event information issued, event information is divided into nine classes: inclement weather information, disabled vehicle information, management and control information, the information that detours, construction information, traffic accident information, advertisement information, congestion information and out of Memory.
In the embodiment of the present invention, each class event information above is can be, but not limited to be divided into three grades according to event class (R), the event information scope of release that correspondence is different respectively of each grade under each classification and issue duration, incident section, scope of release (N ') i.e. and the shortest path nodal point number in influenced section farthest, issue the duration that this event information of duration (T) i.e. shows after being converted to Word message on VMS.Issue scope of release (N ') and issue duration (T) of the cluster analysis determination different event type different event grade of history library according to event information, set up event information conversion table as shown in table 1 accordingly:
Table 1
During concrete enforcement, the scope of release of its correspondence of event information of different classes of different brackets can be identical with issue duration, but scope of release corresponding to the event information of different brackets under same classification and issue duration should be different.
In actual road network, such as there is traffic events that the section, upstream in incident section occurs, often affects, with the crossing quantity comprised between incident section and influenced section to weigh the coverage of event, the section, upstream that the crossing quantity comprised between every and incident section is less than above-mentioned quantity is all influenced section.
As can be seen from Table 1, the principal element affecting event information issue is the scope of release of event information and issues duration.Event class and scope of release and issue duration positive correlation.Event class is higher, and scope of release is larger with issue duration; Otherwise, then less.Influence degree and the crossing quantity negative correlation comprised between incident section and influenced section.The crossing quantity comprised between incident section and influenced section is more, and section events affecting degree is less; Otherwise, then larger.Accordingly, in the embodiment of the present invention, set up the model by events affecting section according to event class, crossing, the section quantity that comprises between incident section and influenced section two factors, gather with the section chosen by event influence degree is maximum.The model set up is as follows:
wherein, E is oriented segmental arc collection, represents the oriented section set of road network; R represents event type and respective level; W' ∈ N; N'
ij∈ N, and W' presentation of events grade weights, N'
ijthat section and arbitrary section E occur event
ijbetween shortest path on the nodal point number that comprises, there is the crossing quantity comprised between section and influenced section in presentation of events.
Based on this, as shown in Figure 2, be the implementing procedure schematic diagram of the VMS event information dissemination method that the embodiment of the present invention provides, can comprise the following steps:
S201, acquisition event information;
S202, according to described event information, determine event type and the event class of event;
During concrete enforcement, when event occurs, read event information and determine event type and the event class of event, to determine the scope of release of this event information according to temporal information conversion table and to issue duration.
The event type that S203, basis are determined and event class, search corresponding Information issued scope and issue duration from predefined event information conversion table;
Concrete, event information conversion table can be as shown in table 1, its corresponding relation being event type and event class and Information issued scope and issuing between duration;
The Information issued scope that S204, basis find, selects to meet pre-conditioned VMS display device;
S205, issue duration in, described event information issued by the VMS display device selected.
Wherein, in step S204, can according in method select meet pre-conditioned VMS equipment: for each the VMS display device arranged in road network, determine the induction scope section list of this VMS display device; According to the Information issued scope found, determine the section list of events affecting scope; For each section that the section list of events affecting scope comprises, judge the section that the induction scope section list whether this section belongs to arbitrary VMS display device comprises; If so, determine that the VMS display device belonging to this section is meet pre-conditioned VMS equipment.
Concrete, as shown in Figure 3, the induction range list of each VMS equipment can be determined according to following steps:
S301, determine that section, VMS display device place is current road segment;
S302, according to the order of sequence access and current road segment have a section of annexation;
S303, judge the whether accessed mistake in this section, if so, perform step S304, otherwise perform step S305;
Whether S304, judgement and current road segment have each section of annexation all accessed, if so, perform step S310, otherwise, perform step S302;
S305, this section is set to access;
S306, judge that whether this section is the downstream road section in section, VMS display device place, if so, perform step S307, otherwise, perform step S302;
S307, judge whether this section there is other VMS display device, if so, perform step S302, otherwise, perform S308;
Whether the critical function section quantity that S308, the shortest path that continues to judge between this section and section, VMS display device place comprise is less than preset value, if so, performs step S309, otherwise, execution step S302;
S309, this section is added in the section list of induction scope;
S310, judge that whether each section that the section list of induction scope comprises is all accessed, if so, flow process terminates, otherwise, perform step S311;
Each section that S311, according to the order of sequence the section list of access induction scope comprise, determines that this section is current road segment, and performs step S302.
During concrete enforcement, in event information, incident road section information can also be comprised, based on this, as shown in Figure 4, can according to the section list of following steps determination events affecting scope:
S401, determine incident section turn to section, determine that this turns to section to be current road segment;
S402, according to the order of sequence reading and current road segment have a section of annexation;
S403, judge that whether this section is accessed, if so, perform step S404, otherwise, perform step S405;
Whether S404, judgement and current road segment have all sections of annexation all accessed, if so, perform step S409, otherwise, perform step S402;
S405, this section is set to access;
S406, judge whether this section is the downstream road section turning to incident section, if so, perform step S407, otherwise perform step S402;
Whether S407, the node quantity judging this section and turn to the shortest path between incident section to comprise are no more than preset value, if so, perform step S408, otherwise, perform step S402;
S408, this section is added the list of primary event coverage;
S409, judge that whether the section that the list of primary event coverage comprises is all accessed, if so, perform step S410, otherwise, perform step S411;
S410, turned in each section comprised in the section list of primary event coverage, obtain the section list of events affecting scope, flow process terminates.
The section that S411, according to the order of sequence the section list of access primary event coverage comprise, determines that this section is current road segment, and performs step S402.
Induce the list of scope section and the section list of events affecting scope based on the above-mentioned VMS determined, as shown in Figure 5, can select to meet pre-conditioned VMS display device according to step:
S501, for each VMS display device, read the induction scope section list of this VMS display device;
S502, be that each VMS display device adds VMS mark, composition VMS identification list;
Wherein, VMS identifies the number information that can be, but not limited to as VMS display device.
S503, reading events affecting range list;
S504, the according to the order of sequence VMS accessed in VMS identification list identify;
S505, judge that this VMS identifies whether accessed mistake, if so, perform step S509, otherwise, perform step S506;
S506, this VSM mark is set to and accesses;
S507, judge whether the induction scope section list that this VMS identifies corresponding VMS equipment comprises same section with the section list of events affecting scope, if so, performs step S508, otherwise, execution step S504;
S508, by this VMS mark be added into event information issue VMS list in;
S509, judge whether each VMS of comprising in VMS identification list identifies all accessed, if so, perform step S510 otherwise, perform step S504;
VMS display device corresponding to S510, the VMS mark determining to comprise in the VMS list that event information is issued is the VMS display device satisfied condition.
During concrete enforcement, after having selected the VMS display device satisfied condition, event information is carried out issuing on the VMS display device selected.
Based on same inventive concept, a kind of VMS event information distributing device is additionally provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the principle of dealing with problems due to said apparatus is similar to VMS event information dissemination method, and therefore the enforcement of said apparatus see the enforcement of method, can repeat part and repeat no more.
As shown in Figure 6, be the structural representation of the VMS event information distributing device that the embodiment of the present invention provides, comprise:
Acquiring unit 601, for obtaining event information;
Determining unit 602, for the event information obtained according to acquiring unit 601, determines event type and the event class of event;
Search unit 603, for the event type determined according to determining unit 602 and event class, from predefined event information conversion table, search corresponding Information issued scope and issue duration, the corresponding relation that described event information conversion table is event type and event class and Information issued scope and issues between duration;
Selection unit 604, for according to searching the Information issued scope that unit 603 finds, selects to meet pre-conditioned VMS display device;
Release unit 605, in issue duration, described event information is issued by the VMS display device that selection unit 604 is selected.
During concrete enforcement, selection unit 604, can comprise:
First determines subelement, for for each the VMS display device arranged in road network, determines the induction scope section list of this VMS display device;
Second determines subelement, for according to the Information issued scope found, determines the section list of events affecting scope;
Judgment sub-unit, for for each VMS display device, judges whether the induction scope section list of this VMS display device and the section list of events affecting scope comprise same section;
3rd determines subelement, for when the judged result of described judgment sub-unit is for being, determines that this VMS display device is meet pre-conditioned VMS equipment.
Wherein, first determines subelement, specifically for determining the induction range list of each VMS display device in accordance with the following methods: determine that section, VMS display device place is current road segment, and perform steps A 1 ~ A6:A1, have each section of annexation for current road segment, judge that whether this section is accessed, if not, perform steps A 2, if so, flow process terminates; A2, mark this section for access; A3, judge that whether this section is the downstream road section in section, described VMS display device place, if so, perform steps A 4, if not, flow process terminates; A4, judge whether this section there is other VMS display device, if so, flow process terminates, if not, perform steps A 5; Whether the critical function section quantity that A5, the shortest path that continues to judge between this section and section, described VMS display device place comprise is less than the first preset value, if so, execution steps A 6, and if not, flow process terminates; A6, this section is added in described induction scope section list; And for each section that described induction scope section list comprises, determine that this section is current road segment successively, and perform steps A 1 ~ A6.
During concrete enforcement, in event information, comprise incident road section information; And second determines subelement, specifically for determining the section list of events affecting scope in accordance with the following methods: according to described incident road section information, that determines incident section turns to section, turn to incident section to be current road segment described in determining, and perform step B1 ~ B5:B1, have each section of annexation for described current road segment, judge that whether this section is accessed, if not, perform step B2, if so, flow process terminates; B2, mark this section for access; B3, judge this section whether for described in turn to the downstream road section in incident section, if so, perform step B4, if not, flow process terminates; B4, judge whether this section and the described node quantity turning to the shortest path between incident section to comprise are less than the second preset value, if so, perform step B5, if not, flow process terminates; B5, this section is added in the section list of primary event coverage; And for each section comprised in described primary event coverage section list, determine that this section is current road segment, and perform step B1 ~ B5; Each section comprised in described primary event coverage section list is turned to, obtains the section list of events affecting scope.
The VMS event information dissemination method that the embodiment of the present invention provides, when on road, event occurs, obtain event information, according to event type and the event class of the event information determination event obtained, and from predefined event information conversion table, search corresponding Information issued scope and issue duration, the VMS display device satisfied condition is selected to issue in the issue duration determined according to Information issued scope, said process is without the need to artificial participation, thus the self-organization achieving event information is issued, the treatment effeciency that the Word message that improve event is issued.
Those skilled in the art should understand, embodiments of the invention can be provided as method, system or computer program.Therefore, the present invention can adopt the form of complete hardware embodiment, completely software implementation or the embodiment in conjunction with software and hardware aspect.And the present invention can adopt in one or more form wherein including the upper computer program implemented of computer-usable storage medium (including but not limited to magnetic disk memory, CD-ROM, optical memory etc.) of computer usable program code.
The present invention describes with reference to according to the process flow diagram of the method for the embodiment of the present invention, equipment (system) and computer program and/or block scheme.Should understand can by the combination of the flow process in each flow process in computer program instructions realization flow figure and/or block scheme and/or square frame and process flow diagram and/or block scheme and/or square frame.These computer program instructions can being provided to the processor of multi-purpose computer, special purpose computer, Embedded Processor or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, making the instruction performed by the processor of computing machine or other programmable data processing device produce device for realizing the function of specifying in process flow diagram flow process or multiple flow process and/or block scheme square frame or multiple square frame.
These computer program instructions also can be stored in can in the computer-readable memory that works in a specific way of vectoring computer or other programmable data processing device, the instruction making to be stored in this computer-readable memory produces the manufacture comprising command device, and this command device realizes the function of specifying in process flow diagram flow process or multiple flow process and/or block scheme square frame or multiple square frame.
These computer program instructions also can be loaded in computing machine or other programmable data processing device, make on computing machine or other programmable devices, to perform sequence of operations step to produce computer implemented process, thus the instruction performed on computing machine or other programmable devices is provided for the step realizing the function of specifying in process flow diagram flow process or multiple flow process and/or block scheme square frame or multiple square frame.
Although describe the preferred embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art once obtain the basic creative concept of cicada, then can make other change and amendment to these embodiments.So claims are intended to be interpreted as comprising preferred embodiment and falling into all changes and the amendment of the scope of the invention.
Obviously, those skilled in the art can carry out various change and modification to the present invention and not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention.Like this, if these amendments of the present invention and modification belong within the scope of the claims in the present invention and equivalent technologies thereof, then the present invention is also intended to comprise these change and modification.
Claims (4)
1. a VMS event information dissemination method, is characterized in that, comprising:
Obtain event information;
According to described event information, determine event type and the event class of event;
According to the event type determined and event class, from predefined event information conversion table, search corresponding Information issued scope and issue duration, the corresponding relation that described event information conversion table is event type and event class and Information issued scope and issues between duration;
According to the Information issued scope found, select to meet pre-conditioned changeable-message sign VMS display device, specifically comprise: for each the VMS display device arranged in road network, determine the induction scope section list of this VMS display device, concrete, determine the induction range list of each VMS display device in accordance with the following methods: determine that section, VMS display device place is current road segment, and perform steps A 1 ~ A6:A1, each section of annexation is had for current road segment, judge that whether this section is accessed, if not, perform steps A 2, if, flow process terminates, A2, mark this section for access, A3, judge that whether this section is the downstream road section in section, VMS display device place, if so, perform steps A 4, if not, flow process terminates, A4, judge whether this section there is other VMS display device, if so, flow process terminates, if not, perform steps A 5, whether the critical function section quantity that A5, the shortest path that continues to judge between this section and section, described VMS display device place comprise is less than the first preset value, if so, execution steps A 6, and if not, flow process terminates, A6, this section is added in described induction scope section list, and for each section that described induction scope section list comprises, determine that this section is current road segment successively, and perform steps A 1 ~ A6, and according to the Information issued scope found, determine the section list of events affecting scope, for each VMS display device, judge whether the induction scope section list of this VMS display device and the section list of events affecting scope comprise same section, if so, determine that this VMS display device is meet pre-conditioned VMS equipment,
In described issue duration, described event information issued by the VMS display device selected.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises incident road section information in described event information; And
According to the Information issued scope found, determine the section list of events affecting scope, specifically comprise:
According to described incident road section information, that determines incident section turns to section, turns to incident section to be current road segment, and perform step B1 ~ B5 described in determining:
B1, have each section of annexation for described current road segment, judge that whether this section is accessed, if not, perform step B2, if so, flow process terminates;
B2, mark this section for access;
B3, judge this section whether for described in turn to the downstream road section in incident section, if so, perform step B4, if not, flow process terminates;
B4, judge whether this section and the described node quantity turning to the shortest path between incident section to comprise are no more than the second preset value, if so, perform step B5, if not, flow process terminates;
B5, this section is added in the section list of primary event coverage;
For each section comprised in described primary event coverage section list, determine that this section is current road segment, and perform step B1 ~ B5;
Each section comprised in described primary event coverage section list is turned to, obtains the section list of events affecting scope.
3. a VMS event information distributing device, is characterized in that, comprising:
Acquiring unit, for obtaining event information;
Determining unit, for according to described event information, determines event type and the event class of event;
Search unit, the event type determined for basis and event class, from predefined event information conversion table, search corresponding Information issued scope and issue duration, the corresponding relation that described event information conversion table is event type and event class and Information issued scope and issues between duration;
Selection unit, for the Information issued scope that basis finds, select to meet pre-conditioned VMS display device, comprise: first determines subelement, for for each the VMS display device arranged in road network, determine the induction scope section list of this VMS display device, specifically for determining the induction range list of each VMS display device in accordance with the following methods: determine that section, VMS display device place is current road segment, and perform steps A 1 ~ A6:A1, each section of annexation is had for current road segment, judge that whether this section is accessed, if not, perform steps A 2, if, flow process terminates, A2, mark this section for access, A3, judge that whether this section is the downstream road section in section, described VMS display device place, if so, perform steps A 4, if not, flow process terminates, A4, judge whether this section there is other VMS display device, if so, flow process terminates, if not, perform steps A 5, whether the critical function section quantity that A5, the shortest path that continues to judge between this section and section, described VMS display device place comprise is less than the first preset value, if so, execution steps A 6, and if not, flow process terminates, A6, this section is added in described induction scope section list, and for each section that described induction scope section list comprises, determine that this section is current road segment successively, and perform steps A 1 ~ A6, second determines subelement, for according to the Information issued scope found, determines the section list of events affecting scope, judgment sub-unit, for for each VMS display device, judges whether the induction scope section list of this VMS display device and the section list of events affecting scope comprise same section, 3rd determines subelement, for when the judged result of described judgment sub-unit is for being, determines that this VMS display device is meet pre-conditioned VMS equipment,
Release unit, in described issue duration, described event information is issued by the VMS display device selected.
4. device as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, comprise incident road section information in described event information; And
Described second determines subelement, specifically for determining the section list of events affecting scope in accordance with the following methods: according to described incident road section information, that determines incident section turns to section, turn to incident section to be current road segment described in determining, and perform step B1 ~ B5:B1, have each section of annexation for described current road segment, judge that whether this section is accessed, if not, perform step B2, if so, flow process terminates; B2, mark this section for access; B3, judge this section whether for described in turn to the downstream road section in incident section, if so, perform step B4, if not, flow process terminates; B4, judge whether this section and the described node quantity turning to the shortest path between incident section to comprise are less than the second preset value, if so, perform step B5, if not, flow process terminates; B5, this section is added in the section list of primary event coverage; And for each section comprised in described primary event coverage section list, determine that this section is current road segment, and perform step B1 ~ B5; Each section comprised in described primary event coverage section list is turned to, obtains the section list of events affecting scope.
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| CN111833630B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2022-06-17 | 北京嘀嘀无限科技发展有限公司 | Method and device for determining data release position, storage medium and electronic equipment |
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