CN103630705B - A kind of measuring method utilizing solid state two dimensional wind speed and direction measuring instrument - Google Patents
A kind of measuring method utilizing solid state two dimensional wind speed and direction measuring instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN103630705B CN103630705B CN201310016160.0A CN201310016160A CN103630705B CN 103630705 B CN103630705 B CN 103630705B CN 201310016160 A CN201310016160 A CN 201310016160A CN 103630705 B CN103630705 B CN 103630705B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of measuring method utilizing two-dimensional solid-state anemoclinograph.This two-dimensional solid-state anemoclinograph includes: wind-engaging cylinder, connecting pipe, sensor；Even number aperture is distributed on the cylinder of wind-engaging cylinder；Connecting pipe one end connects with the aperture on wind-engaging cylinder cylinder, and the other end connects with sensor；Sensor is equal to the pressure difference between two apertures of wind-engaging body diameter for measuring horizontal range on wind-engaging cylinder cylinder.The measuring method of this two-D wind speed wind direction instrument includes: fixation measuring instrument, determines the orientation of measuring instrument；Measuring each pair of horizontal range on the wind-engaging cylinder cylinder of measuring instrument is the pressure difference on the point of wind-engaging body diameter；By the pressure difference obtained, according to the relation of cylinder cylinder wind force distribution Yu wind speed and direction, calculate wind speed and the relative wind direction relative to wind-engaging cylinder；According to the orientation of the measuring instrument determined, calculate actual wind direction.Two-dimensional solid-state anemoclinograph disclosed by the invention has that volume is little, be hardly damaged, respond fast advantage.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wind speed and wind direction field of measuring technique, utilize solid state two dimensional wind particularly to one
The measuring method of speed wind direction measuring instrument.
Background technology
Wind speed and direction is important meteorologic parameter, for daily life, weather environment, state
Anti-aviation, industrial and agricultural production, transportation are the most significant, and wind speed and direction measuring instrument is the most therefore
It is widely applied in a lot of occasions.
Wind speed and direction measuring principle and corresponding measuring instrument are varied, wherein advise as meteorological observation
Model is mechanical type anemoclinograph, is made up of vane anemometer and wind vane.In vane anemometer,
There are three or four hemisphericals or parabolical sky cup, along simultaneously being uniformly distributed one rotational structure of composition,
Under wind-force effect, its rotating speed and wind speed are directly proportional, and measure wind speed by record rotating speed.Wind vane is
The object being asymmetrical in shape being fixed on runing rest, can rotate display wind direction with the wind during wind-engaging effect.
The technology maturation of mechanical type anemoclinograph, is widely used.But such device volume is big, use
Time take up room big；Multi-motion and rotary part is easy to wear, service life is short in building block is high
Under wind speed, wind-engaging part is more easily damaged；The inertia of wind-engaging part is bigger, it is impossible to quickly response wind speed becomes
Change,
In addition with such as hot-wire array anemoscope, pressure type anemoclinograph, ultrasonic wind speed wind
, there is the shortcoming that volume is bigger in Xiang Yi etc..
Summary of the invention
(1) to solve the technical problem that
It is an object of the invention to, solve the problem that existing conventional anemoclinograph volume is bigger, particularly
Mechanical type anemoclinograph volume is big, fragile, the problem of low-response.
(2) technical scheme
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the invention provides a kind of solid state two dimensional wind speed and direction measuring instrument,
It is characterized in that, including wind-engaging cylinder, connecting pipe, sensor；Divide on the cylinder of described wind-engaging cylinder
It is furnished with even number aperture；Described connecting pipe one end connects, separately with the aperture on described wind-engaging cylinder cylinder
One end connects with described sensor；Described sensor be used for measuring on described wind-engaging cylinder cylinder level away from
From equal to the pressure difference between two apertures of described wind-engaging body diameter.
Present invention also offers the measuring method of a kind of solid state two dimensional wind speed and direction measuring instrument, including as follows
Step:
Step 1: fixation measuring instrument, determines the orientation of measuring instrument；
Step 2: when the wind effect having horizontal direction, measures the wind-engaging cylinder cylinder of described measuring instrument
Upper each pair of horizontal range is the pressure difference on the point of wind-engaging body diameter；
Step 3: by the described pressure difference obtained, according to cylinder cylinder wind force distribution and wind speed and direction
Relation, calculates wind speed and the relative wind direction relative to wind-engaging cylinder；
Step 4: according to the orientation of the described measuring instrument determined, calculates actual wind direction.
(3) beneficial effect
From technique scheme it can be seen that the present invention provide solid state two dimensional anemoclinograph and survey
Metering method has the advantages that
(1), in the present invention, the physical quantity of measurement is pressure, and the pressure size of wind-engaging periphery
Affected little by size, device can be with miniaturization；
(2) in the present invention, wind-engaging part is solid-state, does not has moving component, structure to be hardly damaged；
(3) in the present invention, the response time of pressure or differential pressure pick-up is short, can quickly respond wind
The change of speed.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the two-D wind speed wind direction instrument of one embodiment of the present of invention；
Fig. 2 is the section of the wind-engaging column part of the two-D wind speed wind direction instrument of one embodiment of the present of invention
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the two-D wind speed wind direction instrument of an alternative embodiment of the invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Understandable for making technical scheme and advantage become apparent from, below in conjunction with specific embodiment,
And refering to accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.
It should be noted that in accompanying drawing or description describe, similar or identical part uses same
Reference.And in the accompanying drawings, the shape and size ratio of embodiment has been made certain adjustment, with
Simplify diagram the convenient mutual relation that each several part is described.Furthermore, drawing and description are not drawn or
Describe but be the peripheral components needed for embodiment normal operation or implementation, for art
The form known to those of ordinary skill.Although it addition, the parameter comprising particular value can be provided herein
Demonstration, but notice parameter need not be definitely equal to corresponding value, in given range of tolerable variance or design about
Corresponding change can be done in Shu.
The core concept of the present invention is: cylinder when by being perpendicular to the wind action of the cylinder longitudinal axis,
On cylinder, the pressure of difference is different；Appointing the diameter taking cylinder, the pressure difference at its two ends is straight with this
The angle windward (i.e. wind direction) in footpath is relevant with wind speed；Measure this pressure difference with suitable equipment, and determine
This pressure difference and the relation of wind speed and direction, can resolve wind speed and direction.
Embodiment 1
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of one embodiment of the present of invention；With reference to shown in Fig. 1, in this enforcement
In example, described solid state two dimensional anemoclinograph includes wind-engaging cylinder 2, connecting pipe 5 and sensor 6；
The height of described wind-engaging cylinder is 120mm, a diameter of 20mm；Described wind-engaging cylindrical tip is hemisphere
Shape blast cap 1；The number minimum 6 in the hole 3 on described wind-engaging cylinder cylinder, selects 8 in this embodiment,
Hole 3 on described wind-engaging cylinder cylinder is evenly distributed in the same level circumference of described wind-engaging cylinder 2
On；Aperture 3 on described wind-engaging cylinder cylinder is distributed in the stage casing of described wind-engaging cylinder 2, keeps away as far as possible
Open the wind force distribution abnormal area at described wind-engaging cylinder 2 two ends；The aperture 4 of described wind-engaging cylinder bottom
Number be 8, and aperture 3 one_to_one corresponding on described wind-engaging cylinder cylinder turning on；Described pilot
Pipe 5 connects aperture 4 and the described sensor 6 of described wind-engaging cylinder bottom；Described sensor 6 is gas
Body differential pressure pickup, has 4, and measurement is pressure between two apertures on described wind-engaging cylinder cylinder
The poorest.
It should be noted that the connection of described the connecting pipe 5 and described sensor 6 drawn in Fig. 1 is closed
The signal that system is only a simplified, actual annexation to make described sensor 6 be equal to horizontal range
Aperture 3 on two described wind-engaging cylinder cylinders of described wind-engaging cylinder 2 diameter is conducted.
Fig. 2 is the generalized section of described wind-engaging cylinder 2, the described aperture on wind-engaging cylinder cylinder
3 and the aperture 4 of described wind-engaging cylinder bottom be conducted.
Time vertically cylinder is by the wind effect of horizontal direction, on cylinder a little and its point on cylinder opposite
On pressure difference p, with the deviation cylinder of this point, the angle, θ put the most windward and wind speed v meet following formula:
P=c (θ) × ρ v2
Wherein ρ is atmospheric density；C (θ) is the function of θ, can be determined by measurement, i.e. pass through
The horizontal wind of given speed, measure vertical periphery each point with it at the pressure of the point on cylinder opposite
Difference p, further according to atmospheric density ρ and and described given speed calculating c (θ).In the present embodiment
C (θ)=0.49 (cos2θ-1)+0.305, θ ∈ [-45 °, 45 °].
According to above-mentioned principle, for the two-dimensional solid-state anemoclinograph of the present embodiment, it is provided that a kind of measurement
Method, comprises the steps:
(1) fixation measuring instrument, determines that its phase aligns the orientation in the north；
(2) when having the wind effect of horizontal direction, described sensor 6 each pair of horizontal range etc. is measured
The pressure difference of aperture 3, totally four surveys on the described wind-engaging cylinder cylinder of described wind-engaging cylinder 2 diameter
Value；
(3) selected maximum absolute value measured value p1The measured value p big with absolute value time2, according to formula:
Calculate wind speed v and relative wind direction θ.In formula, ρ is atmospheric density.Here the phase calculated
It is with measured value p to wind direction1In aperture 3 on wind-engaging cylinder cylinder described in corresponding a pair, malleation hole is
Reference；
(4) by p1Positive and negative, determine the reference bore described in step (3).Relative according to reference bore
The orientation of cylinder, and pre-determined positive true north orientation, learn that the reference bore described in step (3) exists
Orientation in earth coordinates, thus calculate actual wind direction.
Embodiment 2
Quantity N of the aperture 3 on described wind-engaging cylinder cylinder is at least 6；When N increases, available
The measured value solved is more, and credibility and the accuracy of measurement result are higher.Each aperture 3 need not divide
Cloth is on sustained height, in wind force distribution stability region, wind-engaging cylinder stage casing, varying level circumference divides
Pressure distribution is consistent.Quantity N of the aperture 3 on wind-engaging cylinder cylinder selects minima 6 and aperture
3 when being distributed on varying level circumference, it is provided that another specific embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the present embodiment；With reference to shown in Fig. 3, in the present embodiment, described
Solid state two dimensional anemoclinograph includes wind-engaging cylinder 2, connecting pipe 5 and sensor 6；Described wind-engaging circle
The height of post selects 100mm, and diameter selects 26mm；Described wind-engaging cylinder 2 is hollow；Described
Wind-engaging cylindrical tip is disc blast cap 7, can be that the aperture 3 on described wind-engaging cylinder cylinder blocks
Rainwater；The number in the hole 3 on described wind-engaging cylinder cylinder selects 6, is distributed in described wind-engaging cylinder 2
Varying level circumference on, floor projection is evenly distributed on the floor projection circumference of cylinder；Described
Aperture 3 on wind-engaging cylinder cylinder is distributed in the stage casing of described wind-engaging cylinder 2, avoid as far as possible described in be subject to
The wind force distribution abnormal area at wind cylinder 2 two ends；Described connecting pipe 5 is directly connected to described wind-engaging cylinder
Aperture 3 on cylinder and described sensor 6；Described sensor 6 is gas pressure sensor, total
6, respective measurement chamber is together with the aperture 3 on described wind-engaging cylinder cylinder, each described sensor 6
Reference cavity pressure identical.
Time vertically cylinder is by the wind effect of horizontal direction, on cylinder a little and its point on cylinder opposite
On pressure difference p, with the deviation cylinder of this point, the angle, θ put the most windward and wind speed v meet following formula:
P=c (θ) × ρ v2
Wherein ρ is atmospheric density；C (θ) is the function of θ, can be determined by measurement, and method is such as
Described in embodiment 1.C (θ), in [0 °, 60 °] interval monotone decreasing, has flex point on [60 °, 70 °] interval,
If quantity N of the aperture 3 on described wind-engaging cylinder cylinder is 4, the level angle difference of holes is 90 °
Time, it is impossible to obtaining unique solution, therefore N is at least 6.
According to above-mentioned principle, for the two-dimensional solid-state anemoclinograph of the present embodiment, the side of measurement accordingly
Method, comprises the steps:
(1) fixation measuring instrument, determines that its phase aligns the orientation in the north；
(2), when having the wind effect of horizontal direction, described sensor 6 is measured each pair of horizontal range and is equal to
The pressure of aperture 3, totally 6 measured values on the described wind-engaging cylinder cylinder of described wind-engaging cylinder 2 diameter；
(3) calculated level distance is equal to the pressure difference of two apertures of the diameter of described wind-engaging cylinder 2
Value, obtains 3 value of calculation；The value of calculation p1 of selected maximum absolute value and the secondary big calculating of absolute value
Value p2；Solving equation:
p1=c (θ) ρ v2
Obtain wind speed v and relative wind direction θ.In equation, P is atmospheric density, and c (θ) is aforesaid passing through
Measure the function determined.Here the relative wind direction calculated, described in corresponding to greatest measurement
Aperture 3 on wind-engaging cylinder cylinder is reference；
(4) according to the maximum reference bore of the measured value described in step (3) relative to the orientation of cylinder,
With pre-determined positive true north orientation, obtain reference bore described in step (3) in earth coordinates
Orientation, thus calculate actual wind direction.
Particular embodiments described above, is carried out the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect
Further describe, be it should be understood that the foregoing is only the present invention specific embodiment and
, be not limited to the present invention, all within the spirit and principles in the present invention, that is done any repaiies
Change, equivalent, improvement etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. utilize a measuring method for solid state two dimensional wind speed and direction measuring instrument, wherein:
Described solid state two dimensional wind speed and direction measuring instrument includes: wind-engaging cylinder, connecting pipe, sensor；Even number aperture is distributed on the cylinder of described wind-engaging cylinder；Described connecting pipe one end connects with the aperture on described wind-engaging cylinder cylinder, and the other end connects with described sensor；
Wherein, the number of the described aperture on wind-engaging cylinder cylinder be N, N be the even number more than or equal to 6；Aperture on wind-engaging cylinder cylinder is evenly distributed on the circumference of described wind-engaging cylinder cylinder；
Wherein, there is aperture described wind-engaging cylinder bottom, and the little number of perforations of bottom is identical with the little number of perforations on cylinder；The aperture of wind-engaging cylinder bottom and the aperture one_to_one corresponding on described wind-engaging cylinder cylinder also turn on, and the aperture of wind-engaging cylinder bottom is connected with sensor by connecting pipe；
Described sensor is gas differential pressure sensor, the aperture that the two ends of this gas differential pressure sensor are equal on two wind-engaging cylinder cylinders of wind-engaging body diameter by connecting pipe and horizontal range is conducted, and is equal to the pressure difference between two apertures of described wind-engaging body diameter for measuring horizontal range on described wind-engaging cylinder cylinder；
Described measuring method includes
Following steps:
Step 1: fixing solid state two dimensional wind speed and direction measuring instrument, determines the orientation of solid state two dimensional wind speed and direction measuring instrument；
Step 2: when the wind effect having horizontal direction, measuring each pair of horizontal range on the wind-engaging cylinder cylinder of described solid state two dimensional wind speed and direction measuring instrument is the pressure difference on the point of wind-engaging body diameter；
Step 3: by the described pressure difference obtained, according to the relation of cylinder cylinder wind force distribution Yu wind speed and direction, calculate wind speed and the relative wind direction relative to wind-engaging cylinder；
Step 4: according to the orientation of the described solid state two dimensional wind speed and direction measuring instrument determined, calculate actual wind direction.
Measuring method the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the horizontal range a little and on wind-engaging cylinder on the wind-engaging cylinder of described measuring instrument be pressure difference of another point of described wind-engaging body diameter be p, then the angle, θ put the most windward on this pressure difference p and this some deviation cylinder and wind speed v meet following formula:
P=c (θ) × ρ v2
Wherein ρ is atmospheric density；C (θ) is the function of θ, and it, by the horizontal wind of given speed, is measured corresponding pressure difference, and determine according to atmospheric density ρ and described given speed；
Calculate relative wind direction θ by above-mentioned formula, and then determine actual wind direction.
Measuring method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described wind-engaging cylindrical tip has blast cap.
Measuring method the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described blast cap be shaped as hemispherical or the diameter disc more than described wind-engaging cylinder.
Measuring method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the aperture on wind-engaging cylinder cylinder is evenly distributed on the same level circumference of described wind-engaging cylinder cylinder.
Measuring method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the aperture on described wind-engaging cylinder cylinder is evenly distributed on the varying level circumference of described wind-engaging cylinder cylinder.
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| CN201310016160.0A CN103630705B (en) | 2013-01-16 | 2013-01-16 | A kind of measuring method utilizing solid state two dimensional wind speed and direction measuring instrument |
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| CN201310016160.0A CN103630705B (en) | 2013-01-16 | 2013-01-16 | A kind of measuring method utilizing solid state two dimensional wind speed and direction measuring instrument |
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| CN103630705B true CN103630705B (en) | 2016-09-21 |
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| CN109406825A (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2019-03-01 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of two-D wind speed wind direction measuring device based on pressure difference |
| CN109709351A (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2019-05-03 | 中国科学院电子学研究所 | Near space real-time in-situ wind speed wind direction sensor based on wind pressure prediction |
| CN110988386A (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-04-10 | 石家庄铁道大学 | Wind speed and direction testing device and testing method |
| CN112031582B (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2022-06-17 | 佛山市三水凤铝铝业有限公司 | Intelligent door and window |
| CN113125799B (en) * | 2021-04-19 | 2024-01-26 | 重庆地格科技有限责任公司 | Intelligent anemograph based on pitot tube |
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