CN103624237A - Magnesium alloy counter-gravity casting device and method - Google Patents
Magnesium alloy counter-gravity casting device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a magnesium alloy counter-gravity casting device. A melting furnace 2 and a crucible 18 are arranged in a lower tank 19; the upper part of the lower tank 19 is isolated from outside through a sealing cover plate 16; the lower tank 19 is connected to a first protective gas pipeline 3 between the melting furnace 2 and the sealing cover plate 16; the middle lower part of the lower tank 19 is connected to a pressing device 1; a negative pressure gas protection box 11 is connected to a second protective gas pipeline 8 and a negative pressure pipeline 9. The invention also discloses a method for casting with the device. Through the magnesium alloy counter-gravity casting device, large, complex and thin-wall magnesium alloy castings can be produced; the castings are high in surface quality and safety, and the production requirement can be met; the magnesium alloy counter-gravity casting device is simple to manufacture, applicable to scale production of magnesium alloys and high in production efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of casting technology field, relate in particular to a kind of magnesium alloy Anti-gravity casting device and method thereof.
Background technology
Magnesium alloy density is low, and function admirable, as important structural material, is widely used in the fields such as Aeronautics and Astronautics, national defence, automobile, electronic communication.At present, China's Aeronautics and Astronautics, national defence field are magnesium alloy new material, new technology to the active demand of loss of weight exploitation and application provide opportunities and challenges.Current, one of principal element of restriction Mg alloy castings extensive use is Mg alloy castings casting difficulty, especially for large-scale, complicated, thin-wall Mg alloy castings, be difficult at present produce the foundry goods satisfying the demands, one of its Key points for foundry is the equipment that does not have a kind of applicable magnesium alloy cast to produce, because the feature of magnesium alloy own, its casting difficulty is larger, easily there is burning or oxidation in casting process, becomes the large bottleneck that restriction Mg alloy castings is produced.
Die casting is the most general current Mg alloy formed technique, more than 90% Mg alloy castings is all die casting, but die casting can only forming dimension foundry goods less, simple in structure, and due to the existence of pore, foundry goods can not heat-treat or weld, and can not compare dark machined.
Shanghai Communications University has developed the accurate process for low pressure casting and forming of magnesium alloy large-sized foundry goods, adopts two smelting furnaces, pressure converter mode to guarantee the high cleanliness of magnesium liquid; Adopt Novel crucible Sealing Technology to seal (low-melting alloy Sealing Method, raising dwell pressure to crucible; Adopt the modes such as chill, gas cooled to reach the needed solidification sequence of foundry goods; Adopt protective gas pressurization technology, in dried compressed air, add novel R152 protective gas, adopt and be coated with the surface smoothness that layer transfer technology ensures the non-machined surface of foundry goods.But this technology more complicated, is not easy to operation.
For magnesium alloy plaster precision foundry, No.5 Inst., Ministry of Ordnance Industry's a kind of ceramic gypsum composite mould of invention solves the oxidation of magnesium alloy cavity filling process and combustion problem, in addition be reported in addition in gypsum mould basic powder and add flame retardant, or vacuumize cast, the gypsum mould of drying is taken out, impurity in cleaning die cavity, described vacuum-pumping tube is connected with vavuum pump, and by gate seal, after being evacuated to vacuum with vavuum pump, start cast, the method is directly laid blast pipe on casting mold die cavity, but above several research is all to the gypsum mould improvement of being correlated with, and technique more complicated, inapplicable industrial production in enormous quantities.
Summary of the invention
(1) technical problem that will solve
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: provide a kind of magnesium alloy Anti-gravity casting device, to overcome in prior art because the technical problem of burning or oxidation easily occurs at casting process magnesium alloy; And provide a kind of method of utilizing this device to cast.
(2) technical scheme
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, on the one hand, the invention provides a kind of magnesium alloy Anti-gravity casting device, this device comprises: lower tank 19 is built-in with melting furnace 2 and crucible 18, the top of described lower tank 19 adopts seal cover board 16 and external isolation; Between described melting furnace 2 and described seal cover board 16, described lower tank 19 is connected with the first protective gas pipeline 3; The middle and lower part of described lower tank 19 is connected with pressue device 1; Described crucible 18 is built-in with stalk 17, and certain distance is arranged at the lower end of described stalk 17 and described crucible 18 bottoms, and described stalk 17 forms and is communicated with magnesium alloy molten surface; Described stalk 17 upper end oral areas, through described seal cover board 16, are aimed at the cast gate that is placed directly in the gypsum mould 14 on described seal cover board 16; In described gypsum mould 14, with die cavity 15, adopt asbestos 13 to seal above it, described asbestos 13 are stamped asbestos pressing plate 7 above;
Negative-pressure gas guard box 11 is connected with negative-pressure pipeline 9 with the second protective gas pipeline 8; Described negative-pressure gas guard box 11 is placed directly on described gypsum mould 14, and the two ends, bottom of described negative-pressure gas guard box 11 are fixedly connected with described gypsum mould 14, and its junction adopts 5 sealings of sealed silicon cushion rubber; Described negative-pressure gas guard box 11 is fixedly connected with described seal cover board 16, and locks by retaining mechanism 4.
Preferably, be also provided with spring 12 and regulate double-screw bolt 10 in described negative-pressure gas guard box 11, described asbestos pressing plate 7 is by described spring 12 and regulate double-screw bolt 10 that described asbestos 13 and gypsum mould 14 are fastenedly connected.
Preferably, described spring 12 and adjusting double-screw bolt 10 are provided with 4, are evenly distributed.
Preferably, in the middle and upper part of described negative-pressure gas guard box (11) inwall, be welded with guide plate with holes (21), described spring (12) is through described guide plate (21).
Preferably, described stalk 17 all adopts asbestos to seal with described seal cover board 16 contact-making surfaces.
Preferably, described the first protective gas pipeline 3 is connected with the second protective gas injection device with the first protective gas injection device respectively with the second protective gas pipeline 8; Or described the first protective gas pipeline 3 is connected with same protective gas injection device with the second protective gas pipeline 8; this protective gas injection device is controlled by control system; described control system is provided with the first control valve at described the first protective gas pipeline 3, at described the second protective gas pipeline 8, is provided with the second control valve.
Preferably, described negative-pressure gas guard box 11 adopts double-screw bolt 6 to be connected with described seal cover board 16.
Preferably, described the second protective gas pipeline 8 and negative-pressure pipeline 9 are located at top or the sidewall of described negative-pressure gas guard box 11.
Preferably, described protective gas is the mist of 1-10% sulfur hexafluoride and 90-99% argon gas.
On the other hand, the present invention also provides a kind of method of utilizing device described above to cast, and the method comprises the steps:
Step 1, magnesium alloy is put into melting furnace at 730 ℃～820 ℃, carry out melting slagging-off, gypsum mould is heated at 200 ℃～400 ℃ simultaneously;
(3) beneficial effect
A kind of magnesium alloy Anti-gravity casting device provided by the present invention and method tool have the following advantages:
One, by negative-pressure pipeline, negative-pressure gas guard box is vacuumized; then by the second protective gas passage, inject protective gas; protective gas enters in gypsum mould, by the Bas Discharged in die cavity, has prevented the burning that reacts of magnesium alloy liquation and gypsum mould; the defects such as cast(ing) surface oxidation, slag inclusion and cold shut have been avoided; meanwhile, guaranteed that gypsum mould die cavity, in negative pressure state, is convenient to liquid magnesium alloy and fills type; be beneficial to complex thin-walled member and be shaped, improve surface quality and the internal organizational structure of foundry goods.Negative-pressure gas guard box structure is independent, easy, and convenient operation can be realized thin-wall complicated magnesium alloy member and produce in enormous quantities, is convenient to again single-piece large thin-wall magnesium alloy member to manufacture experimently or small lot batch manufacture.
Two, by the downward tank of the first protective gas pipeline, inject protective gas; prevent the burning of magnesium alloy liquation; by pressue device, lower tank is applied to external force; so that magnesium alloy liquation overcomes the pressure in self gravitation, viscous force and die cavity; magnesium alloy liquation is moved from bottom to top along stalk; realize anti-gravity pouring; guarantee that magnesium alloy liquation flows in die cavity with steady speed; can prevent that foundry goods from producing cold shut phenomenon; can prevent that again foundry goods from forming oxide inclusion defects, thereby be conducive to the formation of thin-wall part.
Therefore adopt casting device of the present invention, produce Mg alloy castings safe, adapt to and produce large-scale, complexity and thin-wall Mg alloy castings, cast(ing) surface non-oxidation, slag inclusion, cold shut defects, dense internal organization, functional, meet production requirement; This device is manufactured simple, is easy to promote, and is applicable to magnesium alloy large-scale production, and production efficiency is high.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structure chart of a kind of magnesium alloy Anti-gravity casting device of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is negative-pressure gas guard box structure of the present invention and installation diagram;
Fig. 3 is the oxidized design sketch of Mg alloy castings part.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with Figure of description and embodiment, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.Following examples are only for the present invention is described, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment mono-:
As shown in Figure 1, the present embodiment has been recorded a kind of magnesium alloy Anti-gravity casting device, and this device comprises: lower tank 19 is built-in with melting furnace 2 and crucible 18, and the top of lower tank 19 adopts seal cover board 16 and external isolation.For fear of magnesium alloy liquation and oxygen, burn, between melting furnace 2 and seal cover board 16, lower tank 19 is connected with the first protective gas pipeline 3.The 1-10% sulfur hexafluoride injecting by the first protective gas pipeline 3 like this and the mist of 90-99% argon gas; the sulfur hexafluoride that proportion is larger just can float over above magnesium alloy liquation; react with magnesium alloy liquation; at magnesium alloy molten surface, generate the skin covering of the surface of different protective actions; this skin covering of the surface density is large; can either stop reaction to be proceeded magnesium alloy liquation and air insulated, also can stop the evaporation of magnesium alloy liquation.Middle and lower part at lower tank 19 is connected with pressue device 1, can guarantee in course of exerting pressure, can avoid the protective gas of magnesium alloy molten surface to blow open, prevents the further possibility of burning of magnesium alloy liquation.At crucible 18, be built-in with stalk 17, certain distance is arranged at the lower end of stalk 17 and crucible 18 bottoms, and stalk 17 is inner to be formed and be communicated with magnesium alloy molten surface.When exerting pressure by the downward tank 19 of pressue device 1, externally applied forces overcomes the pressure in magnesium alloy liquation self gravitation, viscous force and die cavity 15, and magnesium alloy liquation is moved from bottom to top along stalk 17, has realized anti-gravity pouring.Anti-gravity pouring process is a controllable technical process, can be according to the wall thickness of foundry goods, highly, weight and complexity, adjust externally applied forces, for magnesium alloy liquation provides stable hydraulic coupling, mold filling pressure, crust boost pressure and the crystallization boost pressure of rising, to overcome the complex structure of die cavity 15 internal cause foundry goods, produce larger resistance, guarantee that magnesium alloy liquation is interior mobile at die cavity 15 with steady speed, can prevent that foundry goods from producing cold shut phenomenon, can prevent that again foundry goods from forming oxide inclusion defects, thereby be conducive to the formation of thin-wall part.Stalk 17 upper end oral areas, through seal cover board 16, are aimed at the cast gate of gypsum mould 14.Gypsum mould 14 is placed directly on seal cover board 16, above gypsum mould 14, adopts asbestos 13 to seal, and asbestos 13 are stamped asbestos pressing plate 7 above.
The top of negative-pressure gas guard box 11 or sidewall are connected with negative-pressure pipeline 9 with the second protective gas pipeline 8.Negative-pressure gas guard box 11 is placed directly on gypsum mould 14, and two ends, bottom and the gypsum mould 14 of negative-pressure gas guard box 11 are fixed by sunk screw, and its junction adopts 5 sealings of sealed silicon cushion rubber, has reduced weight, is convenient to dismounting, has reduced cost.Negative-pressure gas guard box 11 is fixedly connected with seal cover board 16 by double-screw bolt, and locks by retaining mechanism 4, can improve stability and the sealing of device.
By negative-pressure pipeline 9, negative-pressure gas guard box 11 is evacuated, the gas of gypsum mould 14 inside is pumped by asbestos 13 and asbestos pressing plate 7, closes negative-pressure pipeline 9; Then by the second protective gas pipeline 8, to negative-pressure gas guard box 11, inject protective gas, make the pressure rises of negative-pressure gas guard box 11 inside, but still protect in negative pressure state.Under negative pressure state, protective gas enters in die cavity 15 by asbestos pressing plate 7 and asbestos 13, by gypsum mould 14 and the isolation of magnesium alloy liquation, prevents that magnesium alloy and gypsum mould 14 from reacting, and prevents that cast(ing) surface is oxidized, thereby improves the quality of foundry goods.
In order to guarantee that protective gas can enter smoothly by asbestos 13, be filled with gypsum mould 14 inside; by the Bas Discharged in die cavity 15; prevent foundry goods partial oxidation; as shown in Figure 3; therefore in negative-pressure gas guard box 11, be also provided with spring 12 and regulate double-screw bolt 10; asbestos pressing plate 7 is by spring 12 and regulate double-screw bolt 10 that asbestos 13 and gypsum mould 14 are fastenedly connected, as shown in Figure 2.By regulating double-screw bolt 10 and spring 12, the elasticity that regulates 7 pairs of gypsum moulds of asbestos pressing plate 14 to press, reaches the gas permeability object that regulates gypsum mould 14.
In order to guarantee in protective gas uniformly penetrating die cavity 15; the gas that guarantees die cavity 15 is stable; magnesium alloy liquation flowing in die cavity 15 stablized, thereby be conducive to control magnesium alloy liquation rising hydraulic coupling and rising the technological parameters such as liquid speed in casting process, improve the surface quality of foundry goods.This method can establish 1 or a plurality of spring 12 and regulate double-screw bolt 10, and preferably 4, and be evenly distributed.
When regulating double-screw bolt 10, in order to guarantee to regulate double-screw bolt 10 alignment springs 12, make asbestos pressing plate 7 uniform stresseds, thereby be welded with guide plate with holes 21 in the middle and upper part of negative-pressure gas guard box 11 inwalls, described spring 12 is through described guide plate 21.
In above-described embodiment, the top and bottom that stalk 17 contacts with seal cover board 16 all adopt asbestos to seal, and prevent that the air of outside from entering, and magnesium alloy liquation is burnt.
In above-described embodiment, the first protective gas pipeline 3 is connected with the second protective gas injection device with the first protective gas injection device respectively with the second protective gas pipeline 8; Also can be connected with same protective gas injection device, this protective gas injection device is controlled by control system, and control system is provided with the first control valve at the first protective gas pipeline 3, at the second protective gas pipeline 8, is provided with the second control valve.When the interior injection protective gas of downward tank 19, close the second control valve, open the first control valve; Otherwise, when to the interior injection protective gas of negative-pressure gas guard box 11, close the first control valve, open the second control valve.
Embodiment bis-:
The present embodiment has been recorded a kind of method of utilizing the device described in above-described embodiment to cast, and the method comprises the steps:
Step 1, magnesium alloy is put into melting furnace at 730 ℃～820 ℃, carry out melting slagging-off, gypsum mould is heated at 200 ℃～400 ℃ simultaneously.；
Introduce in detail a kind of gypsum mould magnesium alloy complex thin-walled member below, the preparation of average wall thickness 1.5mm:
1, raw material is selected: magnesium alloy is ZM3, gypsum mould composition proportion (mass fraction) is: 15%～20% silica flour, 6%～8% talcum powder, 60%～85% αsemiwatergypsum, 18%～25% MgS04, external adding water and other materials, mixed gases matching is the mist of 5% sulfur hexafluoride and 95% argon gas.
2, in the ratio of step 1, take after raw material, by magnesium alloy smelting, to be cast after slagging-off, alloy melt temperature is 790 ℃.
3, gypsum mould is preheating to 400 ℃, carries out mould assembling and cover negative-pressure gas guard box.
4, with mist, the air pressure of 5% sulfur hexafluoride and 95% argon gas, be that 5KPa carries out suppressing for 2 minutes to lower tank 19.
5, negative-pressure gas guard box 11 is vacuumized, vacuum is-30KPa, then squeezes into the mist of 5% sulfur hexafluoride and 95% argon gas, makes reach-20KPa of negative-pressure gas guard box 11 vacuums, then according to step 6 technological parameter, carries out pressure pouring.
6, casting process parameters is: rise liquid speed 30m/s, rise hydraulic coupling 5KPa, filling velocity 30m/s, mold filling pressure 30KPa, investing time 5s, crust boost pressure 5KPa, crystallization time 150s, crystallization boost pressure 5KPa, resistance coefficient 1.0.
12 gypsum mould magnesium alloy test bars of a mould of producing according to processing step described above, tensile property is 190Mpa, percentage elongation is 2%.
Introduce in detail more a kind of gypsum mould magnesium alloy complex thin-walled member below, the preparation of average wall thickness 2.4mm, the complexity of this gypsum mould magnesium alloy is higher, and there is reinforcement outside, and there is boss inside, without allowance, is prepared as follows:
1, raw material is selected: magnesium alloy is ZM5, gypsum mould composition proportion (mass fraction) is: 15%～20% silica flour, 6%～8% talcum powder, 60%～85% αsemiwatergypsum, 18%～25% MgS04, external adding water and other materials, mixed gases matching is the mist of 5% sulfur hexafluoride and 95% argon gas.
2, in the ratio of step 1, take after raw material, by magnesium alloy smelting, to be cast after slagging-off, alloy melt temperature is 820 ℃.
3, gypsum mould is preheating to 380 ℃, carries out mould assembling and cover tank.
4, with mist, the air pressure of 5% sulfur hexafluoride and 95% argon gas, be that 3KPa carries out suppressing for 3 minutes to lower tank 19.
5, negative-pressure gas guard box 11 is vacuumized, vacuum is-20KPa, then squeezes into the mist of 5% sulfur hexafluoride and 95% argon gas, makes reach-10KPa of negative-pressure gas guard box 11 vacuums, then according to step 6 technological parameter, carries out pressure pouring.
6, casting process parameters is: rise liquid speed 45m/s, rise hydraulic coupling 8KPa, filling velocity 50m/s, mold filling pressure 40KPa, investing time 5s, crust boost pressure 8KPa, crystallization time 250s, crystallization boost pressure 5KPa, resistance coefficient 1.5.
Gypsum mould thin-section casting of a mould of producing according to processing step described above, foundry goods average wall thickness 2.4mm, maximum gauge 480mm, high 600mm, surface smoothness is 3.6.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, do not departing under the prerequisite of the technology of the present invention principle; can also make some improvement and modification, these improve and modification also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a magnesium alloy Anti-gravity casting device, is characterized in that, this device comprises:
Lower tank (19) is built-in with melting furnace (2) and crucible (18), and the top of described lower tank (19) adopts seal cover board (16) and external isolation; Between described melting furnace (2) and described seal cover board (16), described lower tank (19) is connected with the first protective gas pipeline (3); The middle and lower part of described lower tank (19) is connected with pressue device (1); Described crucible (18) is built-in with stalk (17), and certain distance is arranged at the lower end of described stalk (17) and described crucible (18) bottom, and described stalk (17) forms and is communicated with magnesium alloy molten surface; Described stalk (17) upper end oral area, through described seal cover board (16), is aimed at the cast gate that is placed directly in the gypsum mould (14) on described seal cover board (16); In described gypsum mould (14), with die cavity (15), adopt asbestos (13) to seal above it, described asbestos (13) are stamped asbestos pressing plate (7) above;
Negative-pressure gas guard box (11) is connected with negative-pressure pipeline (9) with the second protective gas pipeline (8); It is upper that described negative-pressure gas guard box (11) is placed directly in described gypsum mould (14), and the two ends, bottom of described negative-pressure gas guard box (11) are fixedly connected with described gypsum mould (14), and its junction adopts sealed silicon cushion rubber (5) sealing; Described negative-pressure gas guard box (11) is fixedly connected with described seal cover board (16), and by retaining mechanism (4) locking.
2. device according to claim 1; it is characterized in that; in described negative-pressure gas guard box (11), be also provided with spring (12) and regulate double-screw bolt (10), described asbestos pressing plate (7) is by described spring (12) and regulate double-screw bolt (10) that described asbestos (13) and gypsum mould (14) are fastenedly connected.
3. device according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described spring (12) and adjusting double-screw bolt (10) are provided with 4, are evenly distributed.
4. according to the device described in claim 2 or 3, it is characterized in that, in the middle and upper part of described negative-pressure gas guard box (11) inwall, be welded with guide plate with holes (21), described spring (12) is through described guide plate (21).
5. device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described stalk (17) all adopts asbestos to seal with described seal cover board (16) contact-making surface.
6. according to the device described in claim 1～5 any one, it is characterized in that, described the first protective gas pipeline (3) is connected with the second protective gas injection device with the first protective gas injection device respectively with the second protective gas pipeline (8); Or described the first protective gas pipeline (3) is connected with same protective gas injection device with the second protective gas pipeline (8); this protective gas injection device is controlled by control system; described control system is provided with the first control valve at described the first protective gas pipeline (3), at described the second protective gas pipeline (8), is provided with the second control valve.
7. device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described negative-pressure gas guard box (11) adopts double-screw bolt (6) to be connected with described seal cover board (16).
8. device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described the second protective gas pipeline (8) and negative-pressure pipeline (9) are located at top or the sidewall of described negative-pressure gas guard box (11).
9. according to the device described in claim 1～8 any one, it is characterized in that, described protective gas is the mist of 1-10% sulfur hexafluoride and 90-99% argon gas.
10. a method of utilizing the device described in claim 1-9 any one to cast, is characterized in that, the method comprises the steps:
Step 1, magnesium alloy is put into melting furnace at 730 ℃～820 ℃, carry out melting slagging-off, gypsum mould is heated at 200 ℃～400 ℃ simultaneously;
Step 2, will put into crucible through the magnesium alloy liquation after melting slagging-off, and with the lower tank of seal cover board sealing, with the contact-making surface of stalk described in asbestos seal and described seal cover board, by retaining mechanism, described seal cover board and described lower tank are locked;
Step 3, heating after gypsum mould be placed directly on described seal cover board, cast gate is aimed at the upper end oral area of described stalk, and adopt asbestos to seal described gypsum mould, then negative-pressure gas guard box is placed directly on described gypsum mould, and is fixedly connected with described seal cover board;
Step 4, with mist, the air pressure of 1-10% sulfur hexafluoride and 90-99% argon gas, be that 1-5KPa carries out suppressing for 1～3 minute to lower tank by the first protective gas pipeline;
Step 5, by being positioned at the top of described negative-pressure gas guard box or the negative-pressure pipeline of sidewall, described negative-pressure gas guard box is vacuumized, vacuum reaches-20～-30KPa; Then immediately the mist of 1-10% sulfur hexafluoride and 90-99% argon gas is injected to negative-pressure gas guard box by the second protective gas pipeline, vacuum reaches-10～-20KPa; Regulate double-screw bolt, by guide plate, make to regulate double-screw bolt alignment springs;
Step 6, by pressue device, adopt the air pressure of 10～80KPa to exert pressure to described magnesium alloy molten surface, make described magnesium alloy liquation from bottom to top enter die cavity along described stalk, carry out low-pressure casting.
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