CN103604736A - Device for testing fracture network seepage with free surface - Google Patents
Device for testing fracture network seepage with free surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN103604736A CN103604736A CN201310657945.6A CN201310657945A CN103604736A CN 103604736 A CN103604736 A CN 103604736A CN 201310657945 A CN201310657945 A CN 201310657945A CN 103604736 A CN103604736 A CN 103604736A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for testing fracture network seepage with a free surface. The device comprises a fracture network model, an upstream water tank, a downstream water tank, a water storage tank and a water collection tank, wherein a gap used for simulating a two-dimensional fracture network is formed in the fracture network model; a main water tank comprises the upstream water tank and the downstream water tank; an overflow plate and a damping screen are arranged in the water tank; water in the water storage tank is pumped into the upstream water tank through a water pump and is provided for a simulated experiment; the water tanks are communicated through a connecting water pipe, and a valve and a flowmeter are arranged on the connecting water pipe, so that aims of controlling the water level, counting the flow and the like are achieved. According to the device, flow of water in the fracture network and change of the position of the free surface can be intuitively observed, the pressure of water in the gap can be measured, the fracture networks in different occurrence combination forms can be simulated by replacing removable side walls, the seepage test of water heads of different pressures at the upstream and the downstream is performed by adjusting the height of the overflow plate, and the utilization efficiency is high.
Description
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Technical field
The present invention relates to rock fracture seepage flow layer during similar model test technical field, particularly a kind of have a free face Fracture Networks seepage flow test device.
Background technology
The Fracture Networks being combined to form by different occurrences in rock mass is the predominating path of Groundwater Flow.The method that adopts model test to crack network seepage motion study be the important channel of exploration crack rock hydraulic characteristic.Yet because the factors such as Fracture Networks spacing, width, length, connection rate and inclination angle of rock mass inside are changeable and complicated, when Fracture Networks is carried out to model investigation, the making of specimen appliance is difficulty comparatively.By studying existing Fracture Networks seepage flow test device, find to exist following not enough:
(1) similar test device adopts airtight water tank mostly at present, and artesian head is provided, and the Fracture Networks of test unit all, in piestic water, can not reflect the situation of Free Surface of Seepage.And while carrying out analogue simulation in engineering practice, the interphase in He Gan district, Free Surface of Seepage Shi Shi district, has material impact to the stability of side slope, underground chamber.
(2) current test unit, design is complicated, is difficult for processing, due to economic feasibility restriction, is unsuitable for a large amount of production.
Summary of the invention
For current Fracture Networks seepage flow test device, mainly measure pressure flow, cannot reflect have the seepage with free surface of free face motion feature and test unit to be difficult for the problems such as processing, the invention provides a kind of simplicity of design, cost low, be easy to processing, can the interior water movement of visual simulation Fracture Networks and the Fracture Networks seepage flow test device of free surface flow motion feature.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention proposes is as follows:
There is free face Fracture Networks seepage flow test device, comprise Fracture Networks model, upstream water tank, downstream water tank, water storage tank and water receiving case, upstream water tank is connected respectively Fracture Networks model two ends with downstream water tank, upstream Water in Water Tanks flow to downstream water tank by Fracture Networks model, upstream water tank, downstream water tank are communicated with water storage tank, water receiving case by connecting water pipe respectively, wherein:
In Fracture Networks model, establish the gap of simulating two-dimensional Fracture Networks, Fracture Networks model is simultaneously provided with the pressure tap being communicated with gap, and piezometric tube is installed in pressure tap;
Upper water case comprises uncovered casing, in casing, establish for regulating the overflow plate of pressure head and being used for the honeycomb screen of current stabilization and energy dissipating, the first bottom surface, space that overflow plate and casing form is provided with the first row mouth of a river, the second space bottom surface that overflow plate, honeycomb screen and casing form is provided with water inlet, the first connecting water pipe of first row mouth of a river connecting band valve, the second connecting water pipe of water inlet connecting band valve and water pump, the first connecting water pipe is placed in water storage tank with one end that the second connecting water pipe is not connected with upstream water tank;
Tail water case comprises uncovered casing, in casing, establish for regulating the overflow plate of pressure head, overflow plate is divided into the 4th space and the 5th space by casing, the 4th bottom surface, space is provided with the second row mouth of a river, the 5th bottom surface, space is provided with the 3rd freeing port, the 3rd connecting water pipe of second row mouth of a river connecting band valve, the 4th connecting water pipe of the 3rd freeing port connecting band flowmeter, the 3rd connecting water pipe is placed in water receiving case with one end that the 4th connecting water pipe is not connected with downstream water tank.
Above-mentioned Fracture Networks model, by portraying plate and cover plate is bonded, is portrayed the gap that plate is simultaneously carved with simulating two-dimensional Fracture Networks, and another side is provided with the pressure tap being communicated with gap, and to carve apertured one side bonding with portraying plate for cover plate; Portray the sealing of one of plate sidewall, its unencapsulated two opposite side walls is connected with upstream water tank, downstream water tank respectively.
As preferably, pressure tap is located at intersection, gap.
As preferably, gap depth is not less than 5mm.
In the water tank of upstream, described overflow plate and honeycomb screen are vertical at tank floor, and be parallel to wall box, be parallel to overflow plate and honeycomb screen and the sidewall nearer apart from honeycomb screen is detachable sidewall, on it, offer the socket that size and dimension mates with Fracture Networks model end face, Fracture Networks model is connected with upstream water tank by this socket.
In the water tank of downstream, described overflow plate is vertical at tank floor, and be parallel to wall box, be parallel to overflow plate and the sidewall nearer apart from the second row mouth of a river is detachable sidewall, on it, offer the socket that size and dimension mates with Fracture Networks model end face, Fracture Networks model is connected with downstream water tank by this socket.
As preferably, overflow plate comprises fixed weir plate and movable overflow plate, wall box is provided with the overflow plate slot of vertical tank floor, and fixed weir plate is fixed on overflow plate slot bottom and contacts with tank floor sealing, and movable overflow plate need to insert in overflow plate slot according to experiment.
Apparatus of the present invention can intuitively be observed the variation of the mobile and free surface position of current in Fracture Networks, and can measure gap internal water pressure, can adopt the replacing sidewall of can removing to simulate the Fracture Networks that different occurrences is combined to form, the seepage tests of carrying out upstream and downstream different pressures head by adjusting overflow plate height, utilization ratio is high.
With respect to prior art, the present invention has following advantage and good effect:
(1) simplicity of design, be easy to processing, with low cost, be easy to promote;
(2) experiment of different size Fracture Networks can be carried out as required, as gap length, inclination angle and spacing etc.;
(3) pressure head regulates and can realize by changing overflow plate, easy to operate.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the one-piece construction figure of the specific embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the upper water box structure figure of the specific embodiment of the invention, and wherein, figure (a) is upstream water tank side view, and figure (b) is upstream water tank vertical view;
Fig. 3 is the tail water box structure figure of the specific embodiment of the invention, and wherein, figure (a) is downstream water tank side view, and figure (b) is downstream water tank vertical view;
Fig. 4 is the Fracture Networks model structure figure of the specific embodiment of the invention, and wherein, figure (a) is Fracture Networks model cut-open view, and figure (b) is for portraying plate first surface schematic diagram, and figure (c) is for portraying second schematic diagram of plate.
In figure, 1-Fracture Networks model, 2-upstream water tank, 3-downstream water tank, 4-water storage tank, 5-water receiving case, 6-experimental desk, 7-water pump, 8-flowmeter, 9-valve, 10-connecting water pipe, 11-overflow plate slot, 12-fixed weir plate, the movable overflow plate of 13-, 14-honeycomb screen, the detachable sidewall of 15-, 16-water inlet, 17-freeing port, 18-portrays plate, 19-cover plate, 20-gap, 21-pressure tap.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, further illustrate the present invention.
See Fig. 1, the present embodiment comprises Fracture Networks model 1, upstream water tank 2, downstream water tank 3, water storage tank 4 and water receiving case 5, and Fracture Networks model 1, upstream water tank 2, downstream water tank 3 are placed on experimental desk 6, and water storage tank 4 and water receiving case 5 are positioned at experimental desk 6 times; Fracture Networks model 1 both sides connect respectively upstream water tank 2 and downstream water tank 3, and water storage tank 4, water receiving case 5 are communicated with upstream water tank 2, downstream water tank 3 respectively by connecting water pipe 10, and 5, water storage tank 4 and water receiving case are also communicated with by connecting water pipe 10.
The concrete structure of upstream water tank 2 is shown in Fig. 2, the uncovered casing that upstream water tank 2 is cuboid, and wall box is provided with the overflow plate slot 11 of vertical tank floor, and fixed weir plate 12 is fixed on overflow plate slot 11 bottoms and contacts with tank floor sealing; Can be as required in simulation test to the movable overflow plate 13 of the interior insertion differing heights of overflow plate slot 11 to control upper pond level.Fixed weir plate can provide upstream head lower limit, and seals once without reusable at the bottom of fixed weir plate and case; Adopt the movable overflow plate of differing heights to control upper pond level, can meet different simulation test demands; Design fixed weir plate and movable overflow plate simultaneously and can effectively reduce movable overflow plate height, save material.
In upper water box body, be also provided with the honeycomb screen 14 of vertical tank floor, overflow plate and honeycomb screen 14 are all parallel to wall box.Overflow plate and honeycomb screen 14 are divided into three spaces by casing.With reference to the direction of Fig. 2, these three spaces are followed successively by the first space, second space, the 3rd space from left to right, and the first space bottom center is provided with the first row mouth of a river 17, and second space bottom center is provided with water inlet 16.The first row mouth of a river 17 is communicated with water storage tank 4 by the first connecting water pipe 10 with valve, and water inlet 16 is communicated with water storage tank 4 by the second connecting water pipe 10 with valve and water pump.One end that the first connecting water pipe is not connected with upstream water tank with the second connecting water pipe and the water pump of being located at the second connecting water pipe are all placed in water storage tank.
In upper water box body, parallel with honeycomb screen with overflow plate and nearer apart from honeycomb screen 14 sidewall is detachable sidewall 15, offers the socket that size and dimension mates with Fracture Networks model end face on it.Detachable sidewall 15 is replaceable, and the socket on it can be reserved according to Fracture Networks model face size and shape.
In this concrete enforcement, upstream water tank 2 is of a size of 550 * 420 * 810mm(length * wide * height), casing thickness of slab 10mm; Detachable sidewall 15 be plate, by slot, realizes that it is detachable, and on it, set socket is vertical rectangle, and detachably sidewall 15 outsides reserve 10mm; The high 400mm of fixed weir plate 12, the high 200mm of honeycomb screen 14; The first space and second space be wide 100mm all, the 3rd wide 300mm in space; Water inlet 16 and 17 apertures, the first row mouth of a river are 25mm.
The concrete structure figure of downstream water tank 3 is shown in Fig. 3, the uncovered casing that downstream water tank 3 is cuboid, and wall box is provided with the overflow plate slot 11 of vertical tank floor equally, and fixed weir plate 12 is fixed on overflow plate slot 11 bottoms and contacts with tank floor sealing; Can be as required in simulation test to the movable overflow plate 13 of the interior insertion differing heights of overflow plate slot 11 to control the level of tail water.
In the water tank of downstream, it is parallel to sidewall the vertical tank floor of overflow plate, and overflow plate is divided into the 4th space and the 5th space by casing.Referring to the direction in Fig. 3, casing is by being followed successively by from left to right the 4th space, the 5th space.The 4th bottom surface, space central authorities are provided with the second row mouth of a river, the 5th bottom surface, space central authorities are provided with the 3rd freeing port, the 3rd connecting water pipe of second row mouth of a river connecting band valve, the 4th connecting water pipe of the 3rd freeing port connecting band flowmeter, the 3rd connecting water pipe is placed in water receiving case with one end that the 4th connecting water pipe is not connected with downstream water tank.Be parallel to overflow plate and the sidewall nearer apart from the second row mouth of a river is detachable sidewall, the removably of the detachable sidewall of downstream water tank and upper set socket thereof are with the detachable sidewall of upper water case, and therefore not to repeat here.Fracture Networks model is connected with downstream water tank by the set socket of detachable sidewall.
In this concrete enforcement, downstream water tank 3 is of a size of 420 * 440 * 800mm(length * wide * height), casing thickness of slab 10mm; Detachable sidewall 15 be plate, by slot, realizes that it is detachable, and on it, set socket is vertical rectangle, and detachably sidewall 15 outsides reserve 10mm; The high 100mm of fixed weir plate 12, the 4th space and the 5th space be wide 300mm, 100mm respectively; The second row mouth of a river and the 3rd freeing port aperture are 25mm.
In upstream water tank and downstream water tank, overflow plate and honeycomb screen are rectangle, and honeycomb screen is porous structure, are used for current to carry out rectification and energy dissipating.Overflow plate and honeycomb screen are prepared by organic glass.
The concrete structure of Fracture Networks model is shown in Fig. 4, by portraying plate 18 and cover plate 19 close adhesion form, portray plate 18 one sides and be carved with gap 20, another side is provided with the pressure tap 21 being communicated with gap 20, be that pressure tap 21 contacts with bottom, gap, the interior installation piezometric tube of pressure tap 21 is to measure gap bottom water pressure.To be carved with the one side in gap 20 bonding with portraying plate 18 for cover plate 19; Portray plate 18 and only descend side seal, the socket of upstream water tank 2, downstream water tank 3 is inserted respectively on left side and right side, thereby Fracture Networks model, upstream water tank and downstream water tank are connected into an integral body.
In the present embodiment, portray plate and cover plate is poly (methyl methacrylate) plate; Fracture Networks moulded dimension is that 610 * 500mm(is long * wide), portray thickness of slab 15mm, the thick 5mm of cover plate 19; Gap is orthogonal design, the dark 10mm in gap, wide 0.8mm, and adjacent slits spacing is 50mm; Pressure tap 21 aperture 4mm, dark 5mm.The quantity of pressure tap 21 and position need to arrange according to experiment, but pressure tap 21 must be arranged on bottom, gap, and it is arranged at intersection point place, gap and belongs to preferred version.
Apparatus of the present invention comprise Fracture Networks model, upstream water tank, downstream water tank, water storage tank and water receiving case, and Fracture Networks model is the combination of being carved with the poly (methyl methacrylate) plate of two-dimensional aperture network; Main water box comprises upstream water tank and downstream water tank, and overflow plate and honeycomb screen are set in water tank; By water pump, water storage tank is pumped into upstream water tank, for simulated experiment provides water; Between water tank, by connecting water pipe, be communicated with, and by valve and flowmeter are set on connecting water pipe, to reach objects such as controlling water level, statistic flow.
Before use, Fracture Networks model is connected with upstream water tank, downstream water tank, adopts connecting water pipe to be communicated with upstream water tank and water storage tank, adopt connecting water pipe to be communicated with downstream water tank and water receiving case, adopt connecting water pipe to be communicated with water storage tank and water receiving case.According to experiment, need to add movable overflow plate, and adopt fluid sealant or band to seal movable overflow plate and fixed weir plate contact position.Complete preliminary work, can start simulated experiment.Simulation test step is as follows:
1, start water pump 7, in water storage tank, water is pumped to upstream water tank 2; Open all by-pass valve controls 9, make water tank 2 waters surface in upstream keep overflow, the exhaust of Fracture Networks model water-filling, keeps upper pond level constant.
2, close downstream by-pass valve control 9, keep the level of tail water constant, after treating waterflow stabilization (approximately 1 ~ 3 minute), survey and read and record each piezometric surface elevation and flow.
3, regulate upstream and downstream by-pass valve control 9, augmented flow and reduce successively flow successively, and keep water tank 2 water levels in upstream constant, each piezometric surface elevation and flow is read and is recorded in survey.
4, test complete, termination of pumping, deenergization, site clearing.
Claims (7)
1. there is free face Fracture Networks seepage flow test device, it is characterized in that:
Comprise Fracture Networks model, upstream water tank, downstream water tank, water storage tank and water receiving case, upstream water tank is connected respectively Fracture Networks model two ends with downstream water tank, upstream Water in Water Tanks flow to downstream water tank by Fracture Networks model, upstream water tank, downstream water tank are communicated with water storage tank, water receiving case by connecting water pipe respectively, wherein:
In Fracture Networks model, establish the gap of simulating two-dimensional Fracture Networks, Fracture Networks model is simultaneously provided with the pressure tap being communicated with gap, and piezometric tube is installed in pressure tap;
Upper water case comprises uncovered casing, in casing, establish for regulating the overflow plate of pressure head and being used for the honeycomb screen of current stabilization and energy dissipating, the first bottom surface, space that overflow plate and casing form is provided with the first row mouth of a river, the second space bottom surface that overflow plate, honeycomb screen and casing form is provided with water inlet, the first connecting water pipe of first row mouth of a river connecting band valve, the second connecting water pipe of water inlet connecting band valve and water pump, the first connecting water pipe is placed in water storage tank with one end that the second connecting water pipe is not connected with upstream water tank;
Tail water case comprises uncovered casing, in casing, establish for regulating the overflow plate of pressure head, overflow plate is divided into the 4th space and the 5th space by casing, the 4th bottom surface, space is provided with the second row mouth of a river, the 5th bottom surface, space is provided with the 3rd freeing port, the 3rd connecting water pipe of second row mouth of a river connecting band valve, the 4th connecting water pipe of the 3rd freeing port connecting band flowmeter, the 3rd connecting water pipe is placed in water receiving case with one end that the 4th connecting water pipe is not connected with downstream water tank.
2. as claimed in claim 1 have a free face Fracture Networks seepage flow test device, it is characterized in that:
Described Fracture Networks model, by portraying plate and cover plate is bonded, is portrayed the gap that plate is simultaneously carved with simulating two-dimensional Fracture Networks, and another side is provided with the pressure tap being communicated with gap, and to carve apertured one side bonding with portraying plate for cover plate; Portray the sealing of one of plate sidewall, its unencapsulated two opposite side walls is connected with upstream water tank, downstream water tank respectively.
3. as claimed in claim 1 have a free face Fracture Networks seepage flow test device, it is characterized in that:
Described pressure tap is located at intersection, gap.
4. as claimed in claim 1 have a free face Fracture Networks seepage flow test device, it is characterized in that:
Described gap depth is not less than 5mm.
5. as claimed in claim 1 have a free face Fracture Networks seepage flow test device, it is characterized in that:
In the water tank of upstream, described overflow plate and honeycomb screen are vertical at tank floor, and be parallel to wall box, be parallel to overflow plate and honeycomb screen and the sidewall nearer apart from honeycomb screen is detachable sidewall, on it, offer the socket that size and dimension mates with Fracture Networks model end face, Fracture Networks model is connected with upstream water tank by this socket.
6. as claimed in claim 1 have a free face Fracture Networks seepage flow test device, it is characterized in that:
In the water tank of downstream, described overflow plate is vertical at tank floor, and be parallel to wall box, be parallel to overflow plate and the sidewall nearer apart from the second row mouth of a river is detachable sidewall, on it, offer the socket that size and dimension mates with Fracture Networks model end face, Fracture Networks model is connected with downstream water tank by this socket.
7. as claimed in claim 1 have a free face Fracture Networks seepage flow test device, it is characterized in that:
Described overflow plate comprises fixed weir plate and movable overflow plate, wall box is provided with the overflow plate slot of vertical tank floor, fixed weir plate is fixed on overflow plate slot bottom and contacts with tank floor sealing, and movable overflow plate need to insert in overflow plate slot according to experiment.
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Cited By (8)
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| CN103969159A (en) * | 2014-04-09 | 2014-08-06 | 北京工业大学 | Measuring device and method for crevices in randomly distributed three-dimensional crevice network |
| CN104060571A (en) * | 2014-04-19 | 2014-09-24 | 徐青 | Seepage test device for complex seepage control system |
| CN104614296A (en) * | 2015-01-23 | 2015-05-13 | 山东大学 | Visual two-dimensional fracture network rock mass seepage dynamic and real-time monitoring system and method |
| CN105973783A (en) * | 2016-06-01 | 2016-09-28 | 四川大学 | Parallel crack seepage experiment system and method based on 3D printing |
| CN107084914A (en) * | 2017-06-09 | 2017-08-22 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of Fracture Networks two phase flow experimental provision and method |
| CN107953538A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-04-24 | 开源塑业科技（南通）有限公司 | A kind of mouth of pipe cooling system of plastic pipe extruder |
| CN108037057A (en) * | 2017-12-10 | 2018-05-15 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of experimental provision for observing fluid flowing law in Fracture Networks model |
| CN108385601A (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2018-08-10 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of novel hydraulic con-ceptual model Water in Water Tank levelling stabilization device |
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| CN103969159B (en) * | 2014-04-09 | 2017-06-16 | 北京工业大学 | The assay method in crack in a kind of random distribution three-dimensional fracture network |
| CN103969159A (en) * | 2014-04-09 | 2014-08-06 | 北京工业大学 | Measuring device and method for crevices in randomly distributed three-dimensional crevice network |
| CN104060571A (en) * | 2014-04-19 | 2014-09-24 | 徐青 | Seepage test device for complex seepage control system |
| CN104614296A (en) * | 2015-01-23 | 2015-05-13 | 山东大学 | Visual two-dimensional fracture network rock mass seepage dynamic and real-time monitoring system and method |
| CN104614296B (en) * | 2015-01-23 | 2018-08-07 | 山东大学 | The two-dimentional rock mass of fracture network seepage flow dynamic real-time monitoring system of visualization and method |
| CN105973783B (en) * | 2016-06-01 | 2018-12-11 | 四川大学 | Parallel fracture seepage experimental system and experimental method based on 3D printing |
| CN105973783A (en) * | 2016-06-01 | 2016-09-28 | 四川大学 | Parallel crack seepage experiment system and method based on 3D printing |
| CN107084914A (en) * | 2017-06-09 | 2017-08-22 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of Fracture Networks two phase flow experimental provision and method |
| CN107084914B (en) * | 2017-06-09 | 2019-10-15 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of Fracture Networks two phase flow experimental provision and method |
| CN107953538A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-04-24 | 开源塑业科技（南通）有限公司 | A kind of mouth of pipe cooling system of plastic pipe extruder |
| CN108037057A (en) * | 2017-12-10 | 2018-05-15 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of experimental provision for observing fluid flowing law in Fracture Networks model |
| CN108037057B (en) * | 2017-12-10 | 2020-10-27 | 北京工业大学 | Experimental device for observing flowing rule of fluid in fracture network model |
| CN108385601A (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2018-08-10 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of novel hydraulic con-ceptual model Water in Water Tank levelling stabilization device |
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Application publication date: 20140226 |