CN103598070A - Method for stably supplying soil moisture to plants with shallow root systems - Google Patents
Method for stably supplying soil moisture to plants with shallow root systems Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for stably supplying soil moisture to plants with shallow root systems. The moisture can be stably supplied to soil for the plants with the shallow root systems by the aid of cultivation grooves by the method. The method includes steps of preparing air-dried soil and fertilizers which are required by growth of the plants with the shallow root systems; filling prepared cultivation media into the cultivation grooves, parallelly placing upper microporous clay pipes and lower microporous clay pipes into the cultivation grooves; cultivating seeds or seedlings of the plants with the shallow root systems in the centers of the cultivation grooves; enabling the lower microporous clay pipes to automatically supply the moisture to the root systems under the effect of change of water potential of the soil. The method has the advantages that change of water potential of different position points of the soil inside the cultivation grooves can be instantly responded, and water can be timely supplemented, so that the soil moisture can be stably supplied to the shallow root systems at various layered depths and within various transverse ranges to be absorbed and utilized by the shallow root systems, and drought stress harm to the plants due to incapability of timely responding to deficiency of soil moisture can be prevented; an obvious water saving effect can be realized; fertilizer nutrient can be guaranteed against being lost to pollute surrounding soil and water sources along with flowing of the water.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of steadily method of supply of shallow root system plant soil moisture that realizes, belong to field of agricultural science and technology.
Background technology
Water is the mankind's lifeblood, is also the necessary condition of plant normal growth.Increasingly under the overall background warming at global climate, regional arid and interim arid phenomenon take place frequently, and under the severe situation more and more lacking in water resource, using water wisely, efficient water are the themes of agricultural production and even global industry-by-industry.Current National Agricultural irrigation water approximately 3,500 hundred million m
3/ a left and right, accounts for 90% of agricultural water total amount, in national water total amount, accounts for 63%.Because water consumption in cities and industry increases comparatively fast, the proportion of agricultural water in national water total amount is on a declining curve.Therefore the key of current agricultural water problem is efficient water, using water wisely ， China, really water saving is mentioned to critical positions, as " revolutionary measure ", is thing in recent years.What the past did is mainly around improving irrigation management, improve irrigation technique level, belong to simple irrigation vocational work, seldom they and high efficient utilization of water resources, saving and protection being connected.
Under current agricultural production situation; field crop cultivating, the cultivation of protection ground and high economic worth plant cultivation pattern are varied; for pursuing higher economic interests, the large loose water phenomenon ubiquity in different cultivation modes: as uninterruptedly pouring water of irrigation, high economic worth crop executed in the frequent liquid manure punching of the large furrow flood irrigation of grainfield, facilities vegetable.In agricultural production at present, the passive water suction of root system of plant is major way, these methods of supplying often do not remove to mate moisture and nutrient according to the demand of plant growth, the liquid manure of supply is usually above the normal growth demand of crop, though can obtain higher output, but the product quality variation of producing, moisture evaporation simultaneously and leaching loss quantity are many, precipitation amount is large, inefficiency, more can cause the accumulation of nutrient in the soil body and nitrate nitrogen to the risk of underground water leaching, not only waste energy and cause negative effect to ecotope, agricultural production cannot obtain sustainable development.In recent years with the raising of the level of production, the Integration of Water into Fertilizers such as infiltrating irrigation, drip irrigation, micro-spray have obtained fast development, particularly on northerly facilities vegetable and flowers, some hillside tropical fruit trees of south, apply area increasing year by year, this slight irrigation mode has been avoided the phenomenon of the large fertilizer of flood to a great extent, saving water resource greatly, improve water use efficiency, can reduce fertilizers input and improve plant recovery of nutrient simultaneously.But the fundamental starting point of this technology is to be that water saving joint is fertile laborsaving, the mode that still belongs to plant passive receive moisture and nutrient supply, the operator of fertigation is people, people judges that the standard of liquid manure supply is the dry situation etc. that wets according to plant growing way, weather condition and soil surface, cannot verify the actual state of root system and rhizosphere soil, greatly differ from each other with plant moisture and nutrient objective demand under specific cultivation condition, cannot realize plant moisture supply truly, the moisture of said plant active absorption is steadily supplied.
The steady method of supplying of soil moisture of plant active absorption moisture is a kind of novel moisture method of supplying of researcher research recent years, as the Chinese patent literature CN1726762A(patent No.: 200410071164) disclosed a kind of negative pressure adjusted and controlled close type cultivation system and method for operating thereof, the Chinese patent literature CN1823578A(patent No.: 200510045890) disclosed plant negative pressure water supply system, its basic principle is after root system of plant absorbs moisture, the root region soil flow of water to be declined, under the flow of water, be reduced to the specific water supply installation of soil close contact and (by negative pressure, control, fixedly water potential value is set, can initiatively in soil, not supply water) in the flow of water time, the low soil of the current direction flow of water in device, water moves to different directions by soil capillarity again, when the flow of water that evenly raises with water supply installation when soil water potential is suitable, device stops moisture supply, and plant root system after external environment impact and self physiological metabolism activity absorbs water again, soil water potential reduces again, device supplies water again, follow and back and forth, just formed the steady supply status of moisture of a root system of plant active absorption.The steady method of supplying of this moisture be by plant according to own activity moisture regulation mechanism initiatively, can be identical with plant law of needing the water, outer bound pair soil water supply does not have any loss and waste, realizes efficient water and using water wisely truly.
For another example, the Chinese patent literature CN1788542A(patent No.: 200510123974.X) disclosed a kind of negative pressure water head irrigation system, the Chinese patent literature CN201830706U(patent No.: 201020528940.5) disclosed negative pressure automatic irrigation basin, the Chinese patent literature CN101185413A(patent No.: the 200710178527.3) device of disclosed a kind of automatic control constant soil water flow, more than supply water pond or the feed pipe of device are all arranged on the bottom of root system, according to specified plant Root Characteristics, do not design the method for operating that different soil moisture is steadily supplied culturing device and realized technology, different plant moistures cannot be studied to greatest extent and nutrient is steadily supplied, and complex structure, operating cost is high, cannot meet the timely demand of root system to moisture, cause the normal growth of plant influenced.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention according to the root system of shallow root system plant longitudinally, the feature of cross direction profiles feature and Root Absorption soil moisture, a kind of steadily method of supply of shallow root system plant soil moisture that realizes is provided.
Term explanation:
Shallow root system plant: the shallow root system plant in the present invention refers to that root biomass is less, root system is mainly distributed in the soil layer of soil depth 5-40cm, comprise the system of taproot and fibrous root system plants, its common feature is: plant forms is relatively short and small, amount of dry matter is less, late growing stage is rapider, need liquid manure supplied frequency higher, the distribution of root system in the soil body is del or is similar to spindle, root system different parts feature difference is less, if in root system, have main root also with the function of lateral root quite (as shown in Figure 1), Root Distribution is more at thin solum, scope is wider, lower floor's root system cross direction profiles is narrower, the major function district that root system absorbs water and nutrient as shown in Figure 2.Shallow root system crop mainly be take leaf vegetables as main, also comprises part fruit and vegetable and flowers.
Whole breeding time: refer to that plant sprouts to results or ripe whole process of growth from sowing whole breeding time.
Maxmun field capacity: refer to soil fully pour water or precipitation after, allow moisture to ooze fully down, and avoid evaporating, through certain hour, the more stable Soil Water Content that soil profile can maintain, soil the stable maximum water holding capacity of energy.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of steadily method of supply of shallow root system plant soil moisture that realizes, the method is utilized cultivating groove to carry out moisture to shallow root system plant soil and is steadily supplied, described cultivating groove comprises that upper end is uncovered, the cell body of lower end closed, described cell body is truncated inverted cone shape wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, in cell body, fill cultivation matrix, the cultivation matrix being arranged in cell body apart from cell body upper surface 5-10cm is provided with micropore vitrified-clay pipe, below upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe, be spaced a distance and be provided with lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe, described upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe, lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe is ring-shaped round pipe and is parallel to each other, upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe, lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe is horizontally set in cell body also all parallel with lower surface with the upper surface of cell body, upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe and the common connecting water pipe of lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe, water pipe extends to outside cell body and is communicated with water supply installation, described upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe, lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe is looped around the periphery of shallow root system and provides moisture for plant shallow root system,
Step is as follows:
(1) by the volume of cultivating groove, preparing shallow root system plant growth needs air dried soil, by shallow root system plant nutrient demand, prepares fertilizer, and air dried soil and fertilizer are fully mixed, and makes cultivation matrix;
(2) cultivation matrix making is filled in cultivating groove, limit is filled cultivation matrix limit and is put into micropore vitrified-clay pipe and lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe, apart from cell body lower surface 10-15cm, first putting into lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe, apart from cell body upper surface 5-10cm, putting into micropore vitrified-clay pipe, make lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe, upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe is parallel is placed in cultivating groove, water pipe is communicated with the automatic water inflow control device outside cultivating groove;
(3) after all cultivation matrixes being filled in cultivating groove, shallow root system plant seed or seedling cultivation is central at cultivating groove,
(4) in cultivating groove, pour water, the 60%-70% that described irrigation quantity is maxmun field capacity,
(5) cultivating groove is embedded in the soil in field, makes the upper surface of cultivating groove concordant with soil surface, cultivating groove soil around tamps.
(6) open water supply installation, upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe, lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe are changed and are automatically supplied with root tissue water status by soil water potential, realize the moisture of shallow root system crop and steadily supply.
The present invention is preferred, fertilizer in described step (1) comprises nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer and trace element, described nitrogenous fertilizer is Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer, the amount of application of fertilizer calculates and prepares according to the nutrient of plant whole breeding time of demand, and the irrigation quantity described in step (4) is maxmun field capacity 70%.
Described water supply installation is automatic water inflow control device, described automatic water inflow control device comprises the water container of a sealing, on water container, be provided with water inlet and delivery port, the water inlet of water container is connected with water source water pipe, the delivery port of water container is connected with the water pipe of lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe with upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe, in water container, being loaded with watering of the constant flow of water pours water, watering pours water is not full of whole water container, in water container except watering and pouring water, air is equipped with in top, between the water inlet of water container and water source water pipe, be provided with water valve, water valve with can control the controller that water valve opens and closes according to negative pressure value in water container and be connected.When declining, vitrified-clay pipe soil moisture content around causes after flow of water reduction, vitrified-clay pipe seeps water to soil, thereby cause the discharge reduction (now water potential value reduces gradually) in water container, in container, negative pressure absolute value becomes large gradually, when controller detect this negative pressure absolute value higher than set negative pressure value time, automatically open water valve, supplementing water flows to water container, in water container, negative pressure absolute value dwindles (flow of water raises gradually) gradually, when being contracted to the negative pressure value of setting, controller controls water valve and cuts out, stop intaking in container, in water container, remain the constant flow of water.
Preferred according to the present invention, the center of circle of upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe, lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe and the center of circle of cell body upper surface, the center of circle of lower surface in a vertical line, distance between upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe and cell body upper surface is 8-10cm, spacing between upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe and lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe is 15-25cm, and the distance between described lower micro-vitrified-clay pipe and cell body bottom is 10-15cm.Spacing between distance between upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe of the present invention and cell body upper surface and upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe and lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe, according to the root system longitudinal space characteristic distributions of shallow root system plant and regioselective, upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe, lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe is looped around the periphery of shallow root system and provides moisture for shallow root system, moisture is around more evenly distributed at root system, shallow root system can active absorption arrive moisture, upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe, the shallow root system that lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe is different depth supplies water, so that the comprehensive active absorption water of the root system of shallow root system plant, can take into account longitudinal depth profile scope of top and the bottom root system, make the cultivating groove scope of application of the present invention wider.
Preferred according to the present invention, the interior ring diameter of upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe is 25-30cm, and the interior ring diameter of lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe is 15-20cm.The interior ring diameter of upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe of the present invention and the interior ring diameter of lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe are regioselective according to the root system cross direction profiles of shallow root system plant, match with the root system transverse spatial distribution feature of shallow root system plant, this kind of design can control to the cross growth scope of upper strata root system and lower floor's root system, to the demand of root tissue water status is responded in time.
Preferably, the caliber of described upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe, lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe is 1.2-1.7cm, and pipe thickness is 0.3-0.5cm, is evenly equipped with micropore on tube wall, and micropore size is 50-100 micron.The advantage of this kind of design: micropore is permeable to be used for only, air and soil can not see through, between upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe, lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe and water supply installation, form the water body of sealing, upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe, lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe directly contact with soil, and soil water potential declines and to carry out supply by micropore vitrified-clay pipe, lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe are permeable.The aperture of micropore of the present invention is 50-100 micron, and air-entry value is low, avoids cultivation matrix blocking microporous simultaneously, and water outlet is convenient, sensitive, under the poor less condition of the flow of water, just can from micropore, discharge water.
Preferred according to the present invention, described cell body is pottery or china clay material, and cell body upper surface diameter is 30-40cm, lower surface diameter is 20-25cm, height between upper surface and lower surface is 35-40cm, and cell body sidewall thickness is even, and cell body side thickness is 0.8-1.2cm.
Preferably, described water pipe comprises collector pipe and water inlet pipe, and collector pipe is positioned at a side of micropore vitrified-clay pipe, lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe and is connected with upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe, lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe, connects water inlet pipe on collector pipe, water inlet pipe is flexible pipe, and water inlet pipe is connected with automatic water inflow control device.
Described automatic water inflow control device is arranged on position to exceed cultivating groove upper end 8-10cm parallel with cultivating groove upper end, and outer rim and the distance between cell body madial wall of upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe, lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe are 5-10cm.
Upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe of the present invention, lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe are prior art, and Yixing City Tao Xin pottery Co., Ltd produces on sale.
Cultivating groove of the present invention designs by the relative space position in the inside rational size of upper and lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe and cultivating groove, compare position and size design outside the present invention, under same environmental condition, the reaction time that the opening time of the negative pressure control valve door of automatic water inflow control device is applied on different plants shortens on average at 8-25 minute, also be that soil water potential variation and the root system of plant that cultivating groove of the present invention can react in cultivating groove in time needs water requirement, can realize the dynamically steadily supply that plant needs water, thereby avoid Different Soil Water Deficits but can not react in time and cause the drought stress damage of plant.
Feature of the present invention and excellent results:
1, method of the present invention can change and carry out immediate reaction the flow of water of cultivating groove inside soil diverse location point, carry out timely moisturizing, realizing soil moisture steadily supplies, really realize plant and needed dynamically steadily supplying of water, by upper and lower ring-shaped round pipe, enter in the soil in cultivating groove respectively, for the shallow root system in the degree of depth at all levels and lateral extent, absorb, avoided Different Soil Water Deficits but can not react in time and cause the drought stress damage of plant.More avoided the generation of moisture to underground leakage and surface evaporation phenomenon, improved efficiency of water application, significantly reduced irrigation water capacity, water-saving result is fairly obvious, guarantees that the fertilizer nutrient moving with water can not run off to cause the pollution to surrounding soil and water source simultaneously.
2, method of the present invention is transferred to fully pouring water after cultivating groove at soil and vitrified-clay pipe, has avoided to a great extent soil to contact the phenomenons such as the Root Absorption closely not causing is invalid with pipe and has occurred.
3, method of the present invention is more conducive to mix the effect that Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer is brought into play its slow release under steadily supply condition of moisture, more can bring into play the effect feature of Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer, avoids the burning root that instant nitrogenousfertilizer rapid conversion brings to burn seedling phenomenon.
4, method of the present invention can keep constant soil water flow to greatest extent, is conducive to study the various parameters under this kind of moisture irrigation method.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the fundamental root system aspect graph of shallow root system plant,
Fig. 2 shallow root system root system of plant liquid manure absorbs area schematic diagram,
Fig. 3 realizes the steadily structural representation of the cultivating groove of supply of shallow root system plant soil moisture,
Fig. 4 is shallow root system plant positional structure schematic diagram in cultivating groove of the present invention,
Wherein: 1, cell body upper surface, 2, cell body lower surface, 3, water inlet pipe, 4, upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe, 5, lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe, 6, water supply installation, 7, collector pipe.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention will be further described, but be not limited to this.
Realize a steadily method for supply of shallow root system plant soil moisture, comprise that step is as follows:
(1) by the volume of cultivating groove, preparing shallow root system plant growth needs air dried soil, by shallow root system plant nutrient demand, prepares whole breeding time of required fertilizer, and air dried soil and fertilizer are fully mixed, and makes cultivation matrix;
(2) lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe, upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe are placed in cultivating groove by the sequential parallel getting on, get off, make micropore vitrified-clay pipe apart from cell body upper surface 8cm, spacing between upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe and lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe is 18cm, and water pipe is communicated with the water supply installation outside cultivating groove;
(3) after all cultivation matrixes being filled in cultivating groove, shallow root system plant seed or seedling cultivation is central at cultivating groove,
(4) in cultivating groove, pour water, described irrigation quantity is maxmun field capacity 70%,
(5) cultivating groove is embedded in the soil in field, makes the upper surface of cultivating groove concordant with soil surface, cultivating groove soil around tamps.
(6) open water supply installation, upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe, lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe are changed and are automatically supplied with root tissue water status by soil water potential, realize the moisture of shallow root system crop and steadily supply.
Described cultivating groove, structure as shown in Figure 3, comprise that upper end is uncovered, the cell body of lower end closed, cell body is china clay material, described cell body is truncated inverted cone shape wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, cell body upper surface 1 diameter is 30cm, and lower surface 2 diameters are 20cm, and the height between upper surface 1 and lower surface 2 is 35cm, cell body sidewall thickness is even, and cell body side thickness is 0.8cm.In cell body, fill cultivation matrix, micropore vitrified-clay pipe 4 on being provided with in cell body, between below upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe 4, be provided with lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe 5, upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe 4, lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe 5 is ring-shaped round pipe and is parallel to each other, upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe 4, lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe 5 is horizontally set in cell body also all parallel with lower surface 2 with the upper surface 1 of cell body, upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe 4, the center of circle of the center of circle of lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe 5 and cell body upper surface 4, the center of circle of lower surface 2 is in a vertical line, distance between upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe 4 and cell body upper surface 1 is 8cm, spacing between upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe 4 and lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe 5 is 18cm, distance between lower micro-vitrified-clay pipe 5 and cell body bottom is 12cm.The interior ring diameter of upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe 4 is 25cm, and the interior ring diameter of lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe 5 is 15cm.The caliber of upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe 4, lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe 5 is 1.2cm, pipe thickness is 0.3cm, on tube wall, be evenly equipped with micropore, micropore size is 50 microns, upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe 4 and the common connecting water pipe of lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe 5, water pipe comprises collector pipe and water inlet pipe, collector pipe is positioned at a side of micropore vitrified-clay pipe 4, lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe 5 and is connected with upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe, lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe, on collector pipe, connect water inlet pipe, water inlet pipe is flexible pipe, and water inlet pipe extends to outside cell body and is connected with water supply installation 6.Water supply installation 6 is automatic water inflow control device, described automatic water inflow control device comprises the water container of a sealing, on water container, be provided with water inlet and delivery port, the water inlet of water container is connected with water source water pipe, the delivery port of water container is connected with the water pipe of lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe with upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe, in water container, being loaded with watering of the constant flow of water pours water, watering pours water is not full of whole water container, in water container except watering and pouring water, air is equipped with in top, between the water inlet of water container and water source water pipe, be provided with water valve, water valve with can control the controller that water valve opens and closes according to negative pressure value in water container and be connected.
The Root Distribution of shallow root system plant is as Fig. 1, shown in Fig. 2, after shallow root system plant enters cultivating groove of the present invention or plant seed and starts to sprout in cultivating groove, root system of plant from shallow to deep, lateral extent is from the close-by examples to those far off grown, be subject to the impact of Root Absorption moisture and scattering and disappearing of soil moisture, the root system surrounding soil flow of water reduces gradually, be subject to soil capillarity, moisture in cultivating groove flows to by the flow of water eminence soil water potential lower that root system of plant absorbs water, when in cultivating groove, soil water potential is lower than the flow of water in vitrified-clay pipe, at this moment between the flow of water in soil water potential and vitrified-clay pipe, produce a flow of water poor, water in vitrified-clay pipe automatically sees through micropore and infiltrates soil, after water outflow in vitrified-clay pipe, discharge reduction in the water container of sealing, hydraulic pressure reduces, when the negative pressure value of hydraulic pressure lower than controller setting, water valve is opened, water enters water receptacle and flows into vitrified-clay pipe, when vitrified-clay pipe seeps water in soil, soil water potential value is evenly increased to when water potential value in vitrified-clay pipe equates, vitrified-clay pipe stops seeping water in soil, the water receptacle hydraulic pressure that vitrified-clay pipe connects returns to the negative pressure value of setting with automatic water inflow device when identical, valve is closed automatically, stop intaking in water receptacle, therefore can not continue to vitrified-clay pipe supply yet.Plant growth, root system continues water suction, the impact that changed by soil water potential, micropore vitrified-clay pipe seeps water again, and water receptacle hydraulic pressure declines, and automatic water inflow control device continues to intake to container, follow and back and forth, just realized the steady supply of moisture, this is also a moisture method of supplying in dynamic equilibrium.
When the root system of shallow root system plant is horizontal and vertical grow to certain scope after, two annular micropore vitrified-clay pipes up and down of cultivating groove of the present invention can by with the rational relative position of the root system of plant thirst signal of perception root system of plant (flow of water decline) at short notice, thereby realize the timely supply of moisture.
Realize a steadily method for supply of shallow root system plant soil moisture, as described in Example 1, difference is:
Step (1) is prepared shallow root system plant growth by the volume of cultivating groove needs air dried soil, by shallow root system plant nutrient demand, prepare whole breeding time of required fertilizer, fertilizer comprises Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer, phosphorus, potash fertilizer and trace element, the amount of application of fertilizer calculates and prepares according to the nutrient of plant whole breeding time of demand
Step (4) is poured water in cultivating groove, and described irrigation quantity is maxmun field capacity 60%.
Embodiment 3
Realize a steadily method for supply of shallow root system plant soil moisture, as described in Example 1, difference is:
Cell body upper surface 1 diameter is 40cm, and lower surface 2 diameters are 25cm, and the height between upper surface 1 and lower surface 2 is 40cm, and cell body sidewall thickness is even, and cell body side thickness is 1.2cm.Distance between upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe 4 and cell body upper surface 1 is 10cm, and the spacing between upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe 4 and lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe 5 is 20cm, and the distance between lower micro-vitrified-clay pipe 5 and cell body bottom is 15cm.The interior ring diameter of upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe 4 is 30cm, and the interior ring diameter of lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe 5 is 20cm.The caliber of upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe 4, lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe 5 is 1.7cm, pipe thickness is 0.5cm, on tube wall, be evenly equipped with micropore, micropore size is 100 microns, automatic water inflow control device 6 is arranged on position to exceed cultivating groove upper end 8cm parallel with cultivating groove upper end, and outer rim and the distance between cell body madial wall of upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe 4, lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe 5 are 5cm.
Realize a steadily method for supply of shallow root system plant soil moisture, as described in Example 1, difference is:
Distance between upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe 4 and cell body upper surface 1 is 8cm, and the spacing between upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe 4 and lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe 5 is 20cm, and the distance between lower micro-vitrified-clay pipe 5 and cell body bottom is 15cm.The interior ring diameter of upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe 4 is 28cm, and the interior ring diameter of lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe 5 is 18cm.The caliber of upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe 4, lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe 5 is 1.8cm, pipe thickness is 0.3cm, on tube wall, be evenly equipped with micropore, micropore size is 100 microns, automatic water inflow control device 6 is arranged on position to exceed cultivating groove upper end 10cm parallel with cultivating groove upper end, and outer rim and the distance between cell body madial wall of upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe 4, lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe 5 are 8cm.
Realize a steadily method for supply of shallow root system plant soil moisture, as described in Example 1, difference is:
Cell body upper surface 1 diameter is 35cm, and lower surface 2 diameters are 22cm, and the height between upper surface 1 and lower surface 2 is 38cm, and cell body sidewall thickness is even, and cell body side thickness is 1.0cm.Distance between upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe 4 and cell body upper surface 1 is 5cm, and the spacing between upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe 4 and lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe 5 is 15cm, and the distance between lower micro-vitrified-clay pipe 5 and cell body bottom is 10cm.The interior ring diameter of upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe 4 is 35cm, and the interior ring diameter of lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe 5 is 22cm.The caliber of upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe 4, lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe 5 is 1.7cm, pipe thickness is 0.5cm, on tube wall, be evenly equipped with micropore, micropore size is 100 microns, automatic water inflow control device 6 is arranged on position to exceed cultivating groove upper end 8cm parallel with cultivating groove upper end, and outer rim and the distance between cell body madial wall of upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe 4, lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe 5 are 10cm.
Claims (9)
1. realize the steadily method of supply of shallow root system plant soil moisture for one kind, the method is utilized cultivating groove to carry out moisture to shallow root system plant soil and is steadily supplied, described cultivating groove comprises that upper end is uncovered, the cell body of lower end closed, described cell body is truncated inverted cone shape wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, in cell body, fill cultivation matrix, the cultivation matrix being arranged in cell body apart from cell body upper surface 5-10cm is provided with micropore vitrified-clay pipe, below upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe, be spaced a distance and be provided with lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe, described upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe, lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe is ring-shaped round pipe and is parallel to each other, upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe, lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe is horizontally set in cell body also all parallel with lower surface with the upper surface of cell body, upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe and the common connecting water pipe of lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe, water pipe extends to outside cell body and is communicated with water supply installation, described upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe, lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe is looped around the periphery of shallow root system and provides moisture for plant shallow root system,
Step is as follows:
(1) by the volume of cultivating groove, preparing shallow root system plant growth needs air dried soil, by shallow root system plant nutrient demand, prepares fertilizer, and air dried soil and fertilizer are fully mixed, and makes cultivation matrix;
(2) cultivation matrix making is filled in cultivating groove, limit is filled cultivation matrix limit and is put into micropore vitrified-clay pipe and lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe, apart from cell body lower surface 10-15cm, first putting into lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe, apart from cell body upper surface 5-10cm, putting into micropore vitrified-clay pipe, make lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe, upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe is parallel is placed in cultivating groove, water pipe is communicated with the automatic water inflow control device outside cultivating groove;
(3) after all cultivation matrixes being filled in cultivating groove, shallow root system plant seed or seedling cultivation is central at cultivating groove,
(4) in cultivating groove, pour water, the 60%-70% that described irrigation quantity is maxmun field capacity,
(5) cultivating groove is embedded in the soil in field, makes the upper surface of cultivating groove concordant with soil surface, cultivating groove soil around tamps,
(6) open water supply installation, upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe, lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe are changed and are automatically supplied with root tissue water status by soil water potential, realize the moisture of shallow root system crop and steadily supply.
2. the steadily method of supply of shallow root system plant soil moisture that realizes according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, fertilizer in described step (1) comprises nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer and trace element, described nitrogenous fertilizer is Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer, the amount of application of fertilizer calculates and prepares according to the nutrient of plant whole breeding time of demand, and the irrigation quantity described in step (4) is maxmun field capacity 70%.
3. the steadily method of supply of shallow root system plant soil moisture that realizes according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described water supply installation is automatic water inflow control device, described automatic water inflow control device comprises the water container of a sealing, on water container, be provided with water inlet and delivery port, the water inlet of water container is connected with water source water pipe, the delivery port of water container is connected with the water pipe of lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe with upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe, in water container, being loaded with watering of the constant flow of water pours water, watering pours water is not full of whole water container, in water container except watering and pouring water, air is equipped with in top, between the water inlet of water container and water source water pipe, be provided with water valve, water valve with can control the controller that water valve opens and closes according to negative pressure value in water container and be connected.
4. the steadily method of supply of shallow root system plant soil moisture that realizes according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the center of circle of upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe, lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe and the center of circle of cell body upper surface, the center of circle of lower surface in a vertical line, distance between upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe and cell body upper surface is 8-10cm, spacing between upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe and lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe is 15-25cm, and the distance between described lower micro-vitrified-clay pipe and cell body bottom is 10-15cm.
5. the steadily method of supply of shallow root system plant soil moisture that realizes according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the interior ring diameter of upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe is 25-30cm, and the interior ring diameter of lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe is 15-20cm.
6. the steadily method of supply of shallow root system plant soil moisture that realizes according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the caliber of described upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe, lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe is 1.2-1.7cm, and pipe thickness is 0.3-0.5cm, on tube wall, be evenly equipped with micropore, micropore size is 50-100 micron.
7. the steadily method of supply of shallow root system plant soil moisture that realizes according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described cell body is pottery or china clay material, cell body upper surface diameter is 30-40cm, lower surface diameter is 20-25cm, height between upper surface and lower surface is 35-40cm, and cell body sidewall thickness is even, and cell body side thickness is 0.8-1.2cm.
8. the steadily method of supply of shallow root system plant soil moisture that realizes according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described water pipe comprises collector pipe and water inlet pipe, collector pipe is positioned at a side of micropore vitrified-clay pipe, lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe and is connected with upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe, lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe, on collector pipe, connect water inlet pipe, water inlet pipe is flexible pipe, and water inlet pipe is connected with automatic water inflow control device.
9. the steadily method of supply of shallow root system plant soil moisture that realizes according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described automatic water inflow control device is arranged on position to exceed cultivating groove upper end 8-10cm parallel with cultivating groove upper end, and outer rim and the distance between cell body madial wall of upper micropore vitrified-clay pipe, lower micropore vitrified-clay pipe are 5-10cm.
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