CN103595922A - Imaging method based on electronic shutter exposure coding - Google Patents
Imaging method based on electronic shutter exposure coding Download PDFInfo
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- CN103595922A CN103595922A CN201310539187.8A CN201310539187A CN103595922A CN 103595922 A CN103595922 A CN 103595922A CN 201310539187 A CN201310539187 A CN 201310539187A CN 103595922 A CN103595922 A CN 103595922A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an imaging method based on electronic shutter exposure coding. The method comprises the steps of (1) obtaining a point spread function of scenery images and setting exposure parameters, (2) carrying out exposure, transferring and outputting and (3) decoding and restoring. The imaging method is based on the principle of exposure coding, the accumulated storage of multiple exposed electric charges can be achieved by using the inductive charge storage area corresponding to each pixel of an image sensor, the electric charge transferring performance of the image sensor can be utilized to the maximum extend, and the high-resolution microsecond-level high-speed imaging can be achieved by using a common image sensor.
Description
Technical field
This invention relates to a kind of formation method based on electronic shutter exposure coding.The method utilize imageing sensor electronic shutter to the exposure control of pixel and pixel memory area the accumulation memory function to photosensitive area electric charge, based on exposure coding theory, realize exposure coded imaging, summary of the invention relates to technical fields such as being calculated to be picture and image acquisition.
Background technology
It is the important imaging applications of a class that the scenery of rapid movement or variation is carried out to high-resolution high-speed photography, in fields such as blast process diagnosis, electric discharge phenomena research, combustion process diagnosis, Aero-Space, plays an important role.High speed imaging technology is the performance of dependent imaging device very, i.e. the manufacture craft of CCD or cmos image sensor and design level.In image sensor performance, retrain under inevitable prerequisite, how to realize the more imaging system of high-resolution and Geng Gao shooting speed, become one of direction that researcher constantly makes great efforts.Along with the continuous progress of computing technique, traditional formation method is constantly reformed.By introduce predefined coded message in imaging system, and utilize these information to decode to captured coded image, can obtain abundanter light field information.Utilize the calculating imaging technique of computing technique lifting imaging system performance and function just in develop rapidly, and constantly promoting the progress of modern photography technology.
Exposure coding techniques is an important content that calculates imaging field, exposure coding techniques is to implant binary-coded information by the exposure process to imaging system, light field information to captured scenery is encoded in time, can effectively improve the time resolution of imaging system.Common ccd image sensor, more than pixel resolution can reach mega pixel conventionally, CCD the shortest reaching below microsecond of its time for exposure with electronic shutter, the speed that its photosensitive area electric charge of row transfer CCD is transferred to memory block also can reach microsecond magnitude, but because pixel scale is large, limited by its data input output band width, it is per second that the frame rate of its full resolution can only reach tens frames conventionally.Utilize common CCD to carry out high speed imaging and can utilize its extremely short time for exposure, realize single frames imaging, also can, by utilizing its electric charge transfer velocity fast, realize the high speed imaging of 2-3 frame low resolution.But conventionally carry out high speed processes shooting, need the image of 8-16 width or more high-resolution.Based on exposure coding techniques, realize high-resolution high speed imaging and become a kind of feasible technical scheme that solution frame rate, picture number and resolution restrict contradiction mutually.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to solve the technical problem that realizes of exposure coding, by utilizing the electronic shutter of imageing sensor self, realizes time for exposure precision microsecond to the adjustable exposure coded imaging of millisecond.The present invention is applicable to the known application scenario that maybe can obtain by other technologies means of point spread function (PointSpreadFunction, PSF) of captured scene image.
Technical solution of the present invention is:
A formation method based on electronic shutter exposure coding, its special character is: comprise the steps:
1] obtain the point spread function of scene image and exposure parameter is set; Wherein, according to captured scenery, the requirement of camera time resolution is arranged to time for exposure sheet length T; The timeslice number N of exposure overall process was set according to photographer is concerned about in other words variation duration change procedure duration of captured scenery; According to the time domain characteristic of different reference object scene changes, exposure binary coding B1B2B3 is set ... BN;
2] exposure, transfer and output:
2.1] coding exposure stage: the exposure control signal of electronic shutter is subject to the control of exposure coding, if timeslice T
icorresponding coding B
ibe 1,, in this timeslice, electronic shutter is opened, and pixel cell photosensitive area is accepted scene light and produced corresponding charge inducing; If B
ibe 0, this timeslice, electronic shutter is not opened, and waits for the exposing operation of carrying out next timeslice after a timeslice length;
2.2] exposure transition phase: enter the exposure of next timeslice, the photosensitive regions of pixels of imageing sensor is repeated to the exposure process of above-mentioned step 2.1, if a upper timeslice has exposure, carry out photosensitive area charge inducing to the transfer process of memory block; So repeatedly, after N timeslice exposure process, imageing sensor is through the exposure of once complete coding, and the image information that N timeslice obtains is accumulated and is stored in pixel memory area; 2.3], by the view data output of storing in imageing sensor, obtain a secondary exposure coded image;
3] decoding reduction:
3.1] first according to the point spread function of scene image and timeslice information, carry out point spread function instantiation, obtain the deconvolution matrix of corresponding timeslice;
3.2] deconvolution matrix corresponding to sheet service time carries out de-convolution operation to exposure coded image, obtains the scene image of corresponding timeslice;
3.3] to N timeslice repeating step 3.1] and 3.2], scene image corresponding to each timeslice obtained.
The method of the above-mentioned point spread function that obtains scene image is as follows:
Utilize beam splitting system and outer triggering signal, make a low resolution high speed imaging camera carry out three times to same scenery and take imaging, the timeslice T length of exposing, three times exposure images are constantly respectively in fast-changing incipient stage of corresponding scenery, process and approach ending phase, i.e. start frame FrameS, process frame FrameM and end frame FrameE;
To start frame, process frame and end frame image, the image outline carrying out under different gray threshold conditions extracts, or carries out the shade of gray figure that shade of gray calculates image;
According to profile, extract result and shade of gray information, start frame and process frame, process frame and end frame are carried out respectively to Model Matching, obtain under the different gray threshold conditions of scene image the position in image or diffuse information;
The timeslice information T taking according to three two field pictures
s, T
m, T
eand position and the diffuse information of scenery in different images frame, calculate respectively two the point spread function PSFs of scene image between start frame, process frame and three timeslices of end frame
1, PSF
2.
The beneficial effect that the present invention has:
1, the inventive method is based on exposure coding principle, utilize charge inducing memory block corresponding to each pixel of imageing sensor to realize the accumulation storage to multiexposure, multiple exposure electric charge, can utilize to greatest extent the electric charge transfer performance of imageing sensor, utilize common imageing sensor just can realize high-resolution Microsecond grade high speed imaging.
2, the inventive method is based on exposure coding principle, utilize the electronic shutter of imageing sensor self to realize the coding-control to exposure process, do not need imageing sensor to change, only need to meet according to different devices the driving design of sequential relationship, there is practicality widely.
3, the light-inductive electric charge that the present invention exposes partially to current time starts to be transferred to behind pixel memory area, can carry out the coding exposure of next timeslice, has eliminated the time slot between time for exposure sheet, can realize the coding exposure of continuous time.
4, the inventive method, based on exposure coding principle, when high time resolution is provided, also can keep the very high spatial resolution of imaging system.
5, the inventive method utilizes the common imageing sensor with electronic shutter to realize high speed imaging, and cost performance is high.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The exposure coded imaging process schematic diagram of Fig. 1 based on electronic shutter;
The image sensor pixel structure schematic diagram of Fig. 2 having electronic shutter;
The electric charge of Fig. 3 single exposure imaging pattern hypograph transducer shifts schematic diagram;
The expose electric charge of coded imaging pattern hypograph transducer of Fig. 4 shifts schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is the decode procedure schematic diagram of exposure coded image.
Embodiment
An exposure coded imaging method, it specifically can be described as:
1] take a secondary exposure overall process of exposing coded image and be divided into a plurality of timeslice T1T2 ... TN, the binary-coded information that this exposure process is corresponding is B1B2 ... BN, whether whether each timeslice Ti be 1 to decide this timeslice to expose according to corresponding binary-coded information Bi;
2] after shooting starts, successively each timeslice TI is proceeded as follows:
If the coding BI that timeslice TI is corresponding is 1,, when timeslice TI arrives, opens imageing sensor electronic shutter and control, exposed in imageing sensor photosensitive area, after a timeslice, open photosensitive area electric charge and shift control, photosensitive area electric charge is transferred to memory block;
If the coding BI that timeslice TI is corresponding is 0,, when timeslice TI arrives, keep sensor electronic shutter close, the photosensitive district of transducer does not expose;
3] after N time for exposure sheet, imageing sensor has passed through once complete coding exposure, and exposure coded image information is stored in electric charge storage region corresponding to each pixel by accumulation;
4] exposure coded image imageing sensor being stored reads out;
5] finally by software algorithm to the recovery of decoding of exposure coded image, the concrete steps of algorithm are as follows:
5.1] algorithm input: the point spread function PSF of scene image, exposure process binary-coded information B1B2 ... BN and corresponding exposure coded image FrameCoded;
5.2] algorithm output: the scene image FrameI that each timeslice is corresponding, I=1,2 ..., N;
5.3] successively each timeslice TI is proceeded as follows:
With timeslice TI, the point spread function PSF of scene image is carried out to instantiation, obtain corresponding deconvolution matrix; Exposure coded image FrameCoded and convolution matrix are carried out to de-convolution operation, obtain scene image FrameI corresponding to timeslice;
In the shooting process of a sub-picture, be not the electronic shutter of opening all the time imageing sensor, the exposure status of its electronic shutter and photosensitive area is controlled by predefined binary coding.
The charge inducing producing through a time for exposure sheet starts from photosensitive area is transferred to memory block, does not read at once image, but continues to enter the coding exposure of next timeslice.Until through N exposure and transfer process, till completing the coding exposure of a sub-picture.
After completing the exposure process of a timeslice, can enter the exposure of next timeslice.Photosensitive area electric charge does not have restricting relation to the transfer of memory block and the exposure of photosensitive area control, so can realize temporal continuous exposure, and there will not be the time slot between timeslice.
The exposure coded image that the method produces need to recover through the decoding of software algorithm, just can obtain final image corresponding to each timeslice.The present invention is applicable to the known application scenario that maybe can obtain by other technologies means of point spread function (PSF) of captured scene image.
Below the specific embodiment of the present invention is further detailed.
The formation method that the present invention carries has process as shown in Figure 1, specifically describes as follows:
Step 1: exposure parameter setting, mainly comprises time for exposure sheet length T, timeslice number N and binary coding B1B2 ... three major parameters such as BN.
Time for exposure sheet length T arranges the requirement of camera time resolution according to captured scenery conventionally, according to the speed of scene change, carries out relative set, makes the imaging of scenery in time T not fuzzy; The variation duration that the timeslice number N of exposure overall process depends on change procedure duration of captured scenery photographer is concerned about in other words; Exposure binary coding B
1b
2b
3b
nsetting be to arrange according to the time domain characteristic of different reference object scene changes so that software algorithm recovers scene image clearly to greatest extent.
Step 2: start exposure, to timeslice controls that expose, the exposure of each timeslice control can be divided into and exposes and shift two processes according to exposure binary coding, and the transfer process of current time sheet and the exposure process of next timeslice can carry out simultaneously.
The imageing sensor of the having electronic shutter of indication of the present invention has dot structure as shown in Figure 2 conventionally, and electronic shutter exposure control, charge inducing transfer control and charge inducing output are controlled three signal combination and is used for the exposure of pixel cell, transfer and output.At coding exposure stage, the exposure control signal of electronic shutter is subject to the control of exposure coding, if timeslice T
icorresponding coding B
ibe 1,, in this timeslice, electronic shutter is opened, and pixel cell photosensitive area is accepted scene light and produced corresponding charge inducing; If B
ibe 0, this timeslice, electronic shutter is not opened, and waits for the exposing operation of carrying out next timeslice after a timeslice length.
Step 3: enter the exposure of next timeslice, the photosensitive regions of pixels of imageing sensor is repeated to the exposure process of above-mentioned step 2, if a upper timeslice has exposure, carry out photosensitive area charge inducing to the transfer process of memory block.So repeatedly, after N timeslice exposure process, imageing sensor is through the exposure of once complete coding, and the image information that N timeslice obtains is accumulated and is stored in pixel memory area.
The exposure process of exposure coded imaging need to be processed according to corresponding exposure coded message respectively N timeslice, so the charge transfer process of image sensor pixel cells is not identical with common single exposure imaging.Common single exposure imaging, the transfer process of image sensor pixel cells charge inducing as shown in Figure 3, roughly can be divided into three steps continuous in time, start exposure, finish after the rear electric charge of exposure is transferred to memory block, transfer to export external circuit to.Under exposure coded imaging pattern, the transfer process of image sensor pixel cells charge inducing roughly as shown in Figure 4, exposure and transfer process can be carried out simultaneously in time, after a upper timeslice end exposure, according to exposure corresponding to next timeslice control that exposes of encoding; In this, go up the transfer operation that a timeslice produces charge inducing simultaneously, exposing operation and transfer operation be corresponding occur one by one always; After through the operation of N timeslice, after charge inducing transfer that N timeslice produces is complete, the image information of storing in imageing sensor is exported.
Step 4: the view data of storing in imageing sensor is read out, obtain a secondary exposure coded image.
Through the stack that a plurality of time for exposure sheets produce image that is actually forming after the exposure of N timeslice coding, therefore the exposure coded image obtaining can not the captured scenery of direct clear demonstration change procedure, need to carry out decode operation to exposure coded image, just can restore the procedural image that different time sheet is corresponding.
Step 5: by software, exposure coded image is decoded, restore not procedural image in the same time.
As shown in Figure 5, decoding reduction process need to be used the point spread function of scene image to the decoding reduction process of exposure coded image, and the present invention supposes that the point spread function of scene image is known or can obtain by other technologies means.
First 5.1 algorithms carry out point spread function instantiation according to the point spread function of scene image and timeslice information, obtain the deconvolution matrix of corresponding timeslice;
Deconvolution matrix corresponding to 5.2 sheet service time carries out de-convolution operation to exposure coded image, obtains the procedural image of corresponding timeslice;
5.3 pairs of N the timeslice repetitive processes 5.1 and 5.2, obtain procedural image corresponding to each timeslice.
The principle of the invention:
For rapid movement object or quick scene change, in image capture process, between light field information and sensor pixel, there is relative motion or variation, in scene, the light field information of a point is not only reflected in a point on image, but along motion path or change direction disperse, becomes a curve of the plane of delineation.Therefore each point on image is a plurality of somes aliasings of scene intensity signals afterwards.This process can be write as following form:
i(x,y)=h(x,y)*o(x,y)+n(x,y)
Wherein h (x, y) is the point spread function of image, and * is convolution algorithm, and o (x, y) is picture rich in detail, and n (x, y) is picture noise, and i (x, y) is the blurred picture of catching.
Thus, under point spread function known case, the process of obtaining picture rich in detail from blurred picture recovery is exactly that blurred picture is considered to the deconvolution process after making an uproar.To above-mentioned formal transformation, become frequency domain form to be:
I(X,Y)=H(X,Y)O(X,Y)+N(X,Y)
The point spread function of Given Graph picture, picture rich in detail Fourier transform to obtain formula as follows:
O(X,Y)=I(X,Y)/H(X,Y)-N(X,Y)/H(X,Y)
The blurred picture that obtains of tradition Exposure mode is because band limiting or the Fourier transform of convolution kernel are incomplete, can cause information dropout and causes de-convolution operation impossible.The time for exposure secondary blurred picture that is T for example, be equivalent to scene image in time-domain and the convolution of a box-packed filter (box filter), in frequency domain, there is a plurality of amplitude zero point in the Fourier transform of box-packed filter, be H (X, Y)=0, thereby can not obtain clear original image by de-convolution operation.Exposure coding is that box-packed filter is converted into a band pass filter, eliminates the frequency domain zero point of filter, makes de-convolution operation become possibility.
The ICX285AL chip application patent of the present invention based on Sony Corporation, this CCD chip resolution 1360x1024, supports electronic shutter.By design expose coding drive circuit, its time for exposure sheet 20us is set, 10 time for exposure sheets, imaging is carried out in the fast cycle moving object that adopts 0101011011 pair of laboratory of exposure code word to arrange, by the decoding of exposure coded image is recovered, obtain 10 width frame rates and reached 50000 frames high-definition picture per second, verified the feasibility of the inventive method.
Claims (2)
1. the formation method based on electronic shutter exposure coding, is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
1] obtain the point spread function of scene image and exposure parameter is set; Wherein, according to captured scenery, the requirement of camera time resolution is arranged to time for exposure sheet length T; The timeslice number N of exposure overall process was set according to photographer is concerned about in other words variation duration change procedure duration of captured scenery; According to the time domain characteristic of different reference object scene changes, exposure binary coding B1B2B3 is set ... BN;
2] exposure, transfer and output:
2.1] coding exposure stage: the exposure control signal of electronic shutter is subject to the control of exposure coding, if timeslice T
icorresponding coding B
ibe 1,, in this timeslice, electronic shutter is opened, and pixel cell photosensitive area is accepted scene light and produced corresponding charge inducing; If B
ibe 0, this timeslice, electronic shutter is not opened, and waits for the exposing operation of carrying out next timeslice after a timeslice length;
2.2] exposure transition phase: enter the exposure of next timeslice, the photosensitive regions of pixels of imageing sensor is repeated to the exposure process of above-mentioned step 2.1, if a upper timeslice has exposure, carry out photosensitive area charge inducing to the transfer process of memory block; So repeatedly, after N timeslice exposure process, imageing sensor is through the exposure of once complete coding, and the image information that N timeslice obtains is accumulated and is stored in pixel memory area; 2.3], by the view data output of storing in imageing sensor, obtain a secondary exposure coded image;
3] decoding reduction:
3.1] first according to the point spread function of scene image and timeslice information, carry out point spread function instantiation, obtain the deconvolution matrix of corresponding timeslice;
3.2] deconvolution matrix corresponding to sheet service time carries out de-convolution operation to exposure coded image, obtains the scene image of corresponding timeslice;
3.3] to N timeslice repeating step 3.1] and 3.2], scene image corresponding to each timeslice obtained.
2. the formation method based on electronic shutter exposure coding according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described in to obtain the method for point spread function of scene image as follows:
Utilize beam splitting system and outer triggering signal, make a low resolution high speed imaging camera carry out three times to same scenery and take imaging, the timeslice T length of exposing, three times exposure images are constantly respectively in fast-changing incipient stage of corresponding scenery, process and approach ending phase, i.e. start frame FrameS, process frame FrameM and end frame FrameE;
To start frame, process frame and end frame image, the image outline carrying out under different gray threshold conditions extracts, or carries out the shade of gray figure that shade of gray calculates image;
According to profile, extract result and shade of gray information, start frame and process frame, process frame and end frame are carried out respectively to Model Matching, obtain under the different gray threshold conditions of scene image the position in image or diffuse information;
The timeslice information T taking according to three two field pictures
s, T
m, T
eand position and the diffuse information of scenery in different images frame, calculate respectively two the point spread function PSFs of scene image between start frame, process frame and three timeslices of end frame
1, PSF
2.
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