CN103591746B - Salt dissolution type temperature-adjusting device and using method - Google Patents
Salt dissolution type temperature-adjusting device and using method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103591746B CN103591746B CN201310484347.3A CN201310484347A CN103591746B CN 103591746 B CN103591746 B CN 103591746B CN 201310484347 A CN201310484347 A CN 201310484347A CN 103591746 B CN103591746 B CN 103591746B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of salt dissolution type temperature-adjusting device and using method, it comprises register, register comprises moist closet, moist closet is connected heating pipe and refrigerator pipe, is provided with heat exchanger, is placed with inorganic salts in heat exchanger in moist closet, heat exchanger is connected add water pipeline and the steam discharge line for discharging steam, be provided with heat exchanger tube in heat exchanger, heat exchanger tube one end is connected with water back, and the other end of heat exchanger tube is connected with discharge duct; Moist closet inwall is provided with the air-supply arrangement of heat exchanger conveying air.The thermostatic energy-saving effect of salt dissolution type of the present invention is remarkable, simultaneously to minimizing greenhouse gases CO
2discharge capacity and control atmosphere pollution be also significant.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Oil Temperature Controlling Technigue field, refer to a kind of salt dissolution type temperature-adjusting device and using method particularly.
Background technology
Along with the development of society and the progress of civilization, be that the temperature-adjusting device of representative has been indispensable instrument in productive life with air-conditioning, wherein the overwhelming majority is steam compression type.Vapour compression refrigerator is the earliest invented by American Perkins for 1834 in the world, take ether as working medium; Within 1875, Arre and Lirde has invented again the vapour compression refrigerator taking ammonia as working medium, but due to reasons such as ether are explosive, ammonia is poisonous, these refrigeration machines do not obtain extensive use.Nineteen thirty, chlorofluoromethane refrigerant is used for vapour compression refrigerator by American Midgleg, obtains coml success.
On the whole, fluorine Lyons is not easy to blast, harmless, but it discharges and after being diffused into air stratosphere, making ozone layer be destroyed, seriously jeopardize human health and the ecological balance, simultaneously it or the very large gas of a kind of greenhouse effects, global warming, sea-level rise can be caused, therefore, fluorine Lyons by 1987 signing Montreal Protocol forbid or limit the use of.But up to now, people still do not find the ideal substitute in fluorine Lyons, cause vapour compression refrigerator to face the danger of " running out of grain ".
1859, Arre has invented ammonia water absorbing refrigerator, within 1945, U.S.'s Carrier has invented again lithium bromide (LiBr) Absorption Refrigerator, but this type must work under negative pressure, require high to equipment air-tightness, cooling flow and device structure complexity, and due to it be refrigerant with water, freezing point by water limits, and it can not be adjusted to subzero temperature, usually can only provide the cooling water of 5 ~ 7 DEG C.In addition, the responsiveness of Absorption Refrigerator is poor, can not immediately freeze, and limits its range of application.So it is often suitable for making central air-conditioning, and Operation and Maintenance also comparatively bothers.
Therefore, need new temperature regulating measure and could solve the difficult problem that prior art faces.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention will provide a kind of salt dissolution type temperature-adjusting device and using method exactly, to solve the deficiency of above-mentioned background technology.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of salt dissolution type temperature-adjusting device, it is characterized in that: it comprises register, described register comprises moist closet, described moist closet is connected the heating pipe and refrigerator pipe that outwardly stretch out, heat exchanger is provided with in moist closet, inorganic salts are placed with in described heat exchanger, described heat exchanger connects add water pipeline and the steam discharge line for discharging steam that have for inputting running water, heat exchanger tube is provided with in described heat exchanger, described heat exchanger tube one end is connected with the water back for inputting heat medium, the other end of heat exchanger tube is connected with the discharge duct of discharging heat medium, described moist closet inwall is provided with the air-supply arrangement of heat exchanger conveying air.
In such scheme:
Described heating pipe is provided with the first valve, and described refrigerator pipe is provided with the second valve.
Described water back, the pipeline that adds water, discharge duct and steam discharge line all pass moist closet, water back in moist closet, the pipeline that adds water, discharge duct and steam discharge line are heat transfer pipe, and the water back outside described moist closet, the pipeline that adds water, discharge duct and steam discharge line are heat-insulating pipeline.
Be provided with liquid level sensor and humidity sensor in described steam discharge line, the upper end inwall of described moist closet is provided with temperature sensor.
Described air-supply arrangement comprises power set, and the output shaft of described power set is provided with blower fan.
Described inorganic salts are NH
4nO
3,nH
4cNS, NaNO
3, KNO
3, KCNS, CaCl
26H
2a kind of or several arbitrarily mixture of O or NaCl; Described heat medium is hot water, water vapour, ethylene glycol, ethanol, glycerine, CaCl
2the aqueous solution, the NaCl aqueous solution, MgCl
2the aqueous solution.
The form of described heat exchanger is jacket type, coil pipe type, shell and tube, spiral plate type, board-like or plate-fin.
Described register is provided with two, be respectively the first register and the second register, the pipeline that adds water of described first register and the second register is all in parallel with the output channel of water sending device, the steam discharge line of described first register and the second register is all in parallel with the reflux line of water recovery apparatus, the water back of described first register and the second register is all in parallel with sending the output channel of thermal, and the discharge duct of described first register and the second register is all in parallel with the reflux line of regenerative apparatus.
Described water sending device and water recovery apparatus are same device, described in send thermal and regenerative apparatus also for same device.
Based on the above-mentioned thermostatic using method of salt dissolution type, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
1), need cooling condition, be crystal inorganic salt in heat exchanger, open air-supply arrangement, from adding water, pipeline passes into running water, forms salting liquid, closes the first valve simultaneously, open the second valve, can obtain cold air from refrigerator pipe;
2), after the salt in heat exchanger all dissolves and reaches capacity, cut off water service, close the second valve, open the first valve, pass into heat medium by water back simultaneously, to be discharged by discharge duct through heat exchanger tube, salt saturated solution in heat exchanger just evaporative crystallization, steam is discharged by steam discharge line, and hot-air is discharged by heating pipe, until the whole crystallization of inorganic salts be cooled to environment temperature, then enter another kind of refrigeration cycle;
3), above-mentioned two elementary cell alternations just can continuous cooling.
The invention has the advantages that:
1, because salt dissolution type temperature-adjusting device is to utilize heat energy, different from order to the register with electric energy being master, it utilizes the efficiency of energy high, and can adopt various low-grade energy, also do not destroy atmospheric ozone layer, can not to environment;
2, moving component is few, and operating noise is lower, longer service life;
3, install more convenient with safety.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is C place enlarged fragmentary cross section in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the workflow diagram of embodiment 1;
Fig. 4 is the workflow diagram of embodiment 2;
Fig. 5 is a workflow diagram of embodiment 3;
Fig. 6 is another workflow diagram of embodiment 3
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail.
Inorganic acid, alkali, salt all can produce heat release or endothermic effect when being dissolved in water usually, and namely this fuel factor can be used for heating or freezing.Based on corrosion and safe reason, the present invention adopts inorganic salts to be as received basis.Inorganic salts are that heat absorption or solar heat protection depend on that the lattice energy of salt itself and it are formed the hydration heat of hydrated ion by after hydrolytic dissociation with water when being dissolved in water, salt dissociation destroys its crystal structure to be needed to absorb heat (being numerically equal to lattice energy), is formed hydrated ion then heat release by after hydrolytic dissociation with water; If lattice energy is greater than hydration heat, then want absorbing and cooling temperature when salt dissolves, on the contrary will exotherm.The size of lattice energy and hydration heat depend on the ion that forms salt with amount of charge and ionic radius size.In common inorganic salts, time water-soluble, absorbing and cooling temperature has nitrate, perchlorate, halide, ammonium salt etc., comprises NH
4cl, NH
4clO
4, NH
4br, NH
4i, NH
4nO
2, NH
4nO
3, NH
4cN, NH
4cNS, AgClO
4, AgNO
2, AgNO
3, LiF, LiClO
43H
2o, NaCl, NaClO
23H
2o, NaClO
3, NaClO
4, NaClO
4h
2o, NaBr2H
2o, NaBrO
3, NaI2H
2o, NaIO
3, NaNO
2, NaNO
3, NaCN2H
2o, NaCNO, NaCNS, KF2H
2o, KCl, KClO
3, KClO
4, KBr, KbrO
3, KI, KIO
3, KNO
2, KNO
3, KCN, KCNO, KCNS, KMnO
4, RbCl, RbClO
3, RbClO
4, RbBr, RbBrO
3, RbI, RbNO
3, CsCl, CsClO
4, CsBr, CsBrO
3, CsI, CsNO
3, (NH
4)
2sO
4, MgSO
47H
2o, Na
2cO
310H
2o, Na
2s
2o
35H
2o, CaCl
26H
2o, CaBr
26H
2o etc.During dissolving, the inorganic salts of heat release have LiCl, LiClH
2o, LiClO
4, LiBr, LiBrH
2o, LiBr2H
2o, LiI, LiIH
2o, LiI2H
2o, LiI3H
2o, LiNO
2, LiNO
2h
2o, NaI, CsF etc.Wherein, NH
4nO
2, NH
4nO
3, NH
4cNS, KClO
3, KClO
4, KNO
3, RbClO
4heat of solution be respectively 300.8kJ/kg, 321.13kJ/kg, 297.23kJ/kg, 337.65kJ/kg, 368.4kJ/kg, 345.1kJ/kg, 306.7kJ/kg.The chlorofluoromethane refrigerant R22 that reduced vapor pressure compression type refrigerating machine is conventional, its refrigerating capacity is 173kJ/kg, as long as visible choose reasonable, the refrigerating capacity of inorganic salts is better than fluorine Lyons, but its volume is much smaller, and cost is also much lower.Such as, 250g CaCl26H
2o is dissolved in 100gH
2o, temperature can be made to reduce by 23 DEG C, and 150g KCNS can make 100gH
2o temperature reduces by 34.5 DEG C.In fact, a lot of inorganic salts and combination thereof can refrigeration to less than-20 DEG C, if carry out circulation temperature lowering, lower temperature (as-55 DEG C, depend on refrigeration working fluid solution and pass the freezing point of cold medium) can be obtained.
Theoretically, as long as inorganic salts have fuel factor when being dissolved in water, just may be used for temperature to regulate, but the register of practicality also must consider following condition at the suitable inorganic salts of selection as during working media: 1, fuel factor is large as much as possible, can save consumption and the cost of inorganic salts like this; 2, solubility is large as much as possible, the energy of consumes least can make its crystallization like this; 3, own stable chemical nature in operating temperature range, does not decompose or is hydrolyzed, not blasting, also not with container generation chemical reaction; 4, nontoxic, harmless, corrosion-free or few corrosion; 5, thermal capacitance own is little as much as possible.Comprehensive analysis, proper inorganic salts have NH
4nO
3, NH
4cNS, NaNO
3, KNO
3, KCNS, CaCl
26H
2o etc., their relevant parameters is as following table:
In the above-mentioned part inorganic salts enumerated, although some salt is as digital in NaCl heat of solution and little, but they also can as the thermostatic as received basis of salt dissolution type, and heat of solution also can as received basis with the mixture of two or more salt arbitrary proportions any of symbol.Use the benefit of salt-mixture to be increased the quantity of dissolving salt in unit solvent water, the thermal conversion efficiency of process is improved, prerequisite is that these salt can not react to each other danger (such as, the 41.6g NH generating insoluble substance or have blast
4nO
3+ 41.6gNaCl can make 100gH
2o is reduced to-40 DEG C from 0 DEG C).In specific design, select any or those several inorganic salts to depend on the intensity of the thermal source that can provide and the cost of selected inorganic salts as received basis.If thermal source is very sufficient, just can select that fuel factor is low, solubility is little but the inorganic salts that cost is also low are simultaneously working medium; If the heat energy that can provide is limited, then all enough large inorganic salts of fuel factor and solubility should be selected to be as received basis and not consider its cost.In a word, the leeway selected is larger, if but select the dissolving and heat absorbing salt with the crystallization water to be as received basis, so carefully must control its heating crystalline temperature or evaporation degree, prevent inorganic salts from losing the crystallization water when crystallization, otherwise it may produce contrary fuel factor and even cancel each other when being dissolved in water, thus affects thermoregulation effect.As CaCl
2caCl during aqueous solution heating evaporation
2whole crystallization water may be lost, two contrary fuel factors will be produced if be dissolved in water again: first CaCl
2with 6H
2o combines and releases a large amount of heat, then CaCl
26H
2o dissolves and absorbs heat again, and total fuel factor is heat release, and therefore it just can not freeze.On the contrary, then must eliminate its crystallization water for exothermic dissolution salt, but accomplish this point comparatively speaking than being easier to.Heating-up temperature can not exceed the heat decomposition temperature of inorganic salts in addition, as nitrate, perchlorate, ammonium salt etc.In addition, some functional additives can be added in as the inorganic salts of as received basis, prevent the blast of salt, caking, foam-expelling etc.
In principle, each elementary cell should have a blower fan, but elementary cell always two or more parallel operation, therefore two or more elementary cell can share a blower fan in some cases, regulated the ventilation of each elementary cell by pipeline valve, do like this and can save cost further.
In area cold especially, if aforesaid way still can not meet heat requirement, inorganic salts can be changed into exothermic dissolution salt or some alkali as LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH etc. by dissolving and heat absorbing salt.Because their fuel factor can be larger than conventional dissolving and heat absorbing salt, and etching problem ratio is easier to process, if but will take measures to prevent its carbonation with alkali.Release a large amount of heat when they are dissolved in water, then absorb heat during evaporative crystallization, so be medium with them, register can not freeze, and it in fact just stores the heat content of heat medium, and discharges when needed again.This is to heat supply and need hot nonsynchronous place to be extraordinary energy-saving scheme.
Based on above-mentioned principle, invention has been a kind of salt dissolution type temperature-adjusting device, its structure is as Fig. 1, shown in Fig. 2, it comprises register, register comprises moist closet 1, moist closet 1 is made (as metal material surface sprays polystyrene foam by heat-barrier material, the heat-barrier materials such as polyaminoresin foam), moist closet 1 is connected the heating pipe 7 and refrigerator pipe 11 that outwardly stretch out, heat exchanger 2 is provided with in moist closet 1, inorganic salts are placed with in heat exchanger 2, the pipeline 6 that adds water had for inputting running water connected by heat exchanger 2, for discharging the steam discharge line 10 of steam, heat exchanger tube (not marking in figure) is provided with in heat exchanger 2, heat exchanger tube one end is connected with the water back 5 for inputting heat medium 16, the other end of heat exchanger tube is connected with the discharge duct 9 of discharging heat medium, described moist closet 1 inwall is provided with the air-supply arrangement that heat exchanger 2 carries air.
In the present embodiment:
Heating pipe 7 is provided with the unlatching that the first valve 8, first valve 8 controls heating pipe 7; Refrigerator pipe 11 is provided with the unlatching that the second valve 12, second valve 12 controls refrigerator pipe 11.
Water back 5, the pipeline 6 that adds water, discharge duct 9 and steam discharge line 10 all pass moist closet 1, water back 5 in moist closet 1, the pipeline 6 that adds water, discharge duct 9 and steam discharge line 10 is heat transfer pipe, and the water back 5 outside moist closet 1, the pipeline 6 that adds water, discharge duct 9 and steam discharge line 10 is heat-insulating pipeline; Water back 5, the pipeline 6 that adds water, discharge duct 9 and steam discharge line 10 are heat transfer pipe, and the heat transfer pipe outside moist closet 1 carries out heat insulation process.
Liquid level sensor 13 and humidity sensor 14 is provided with in steam discharge line 10, liquid level sensor 13 is for controlling the evaporation capacity during solution evaporative crystallization of inorganic salts of amount of water when freezing and the band crystallization water, and the evaporation time during solution evaporative crystallization of humidity sensor 14 for the inorganic salts of the control cincture crystallization water; The upper end inwall of moist closet 1 is provided with temperature sensor 15, and temperature sensor 15 is cooled to the time of environment temperature for the inorganic salts crystal of the temperature and vaporized after heat that control cooling and warming.
Air-supply arrangement comprises power set 4, and power set 4 are motor, and the output shaft of power set 4 is provided with blower fan 3.Blower fan 3, air input moist closet 1, after heat exchanger 2 heats or cools, then is discharged by pipeline 7 or 11.If the present invention is applied in small-sized device, blower fan 3 is just with general fan; If be applied in relatively large device or cold air transmission distant, blower fan 3 must select air blast or air compressor.
In the present invention, heat exchanger is the core component of elementary cell or register, and the form of heat exchanger 2 is jacket type, coil pipe type, shell and tube, spiral plate type, board-like, plate-fin or other forms etc.Arrange as well by Δ mode with multiple heat exchanger in relatively large device.
Make the material that this heat exchanger is used, depend on the corrosion property of built-in inorganic salts: if use halide, then should with titanium or titanium alloy; If use nitrate, then stainless steel should be used; In addition, available material also has copper or copper alloy, carbon steel, graphite, plastics etc.
In use: need cooling condition, be crystal inorganic salt in heat exchanger 2, open blower fan 3, from adding water, pipeline 6 passes into running water, forms salting liquid 17, closes the first valve 8 simultaneously, open the second valve 12, just can obtain cold air from refrigerator pipe 11.After the salt in heat exchanger 2 all dissolves and reaches capacity, heat exchanger 2 just can not continue refrigeration, at this moment water service is cut off, close the second valve 12, open the first valve 8, pass into heat medium 16 by water back 5 simultaneously, heat exchanger tube in over-heat-exchanger 2 is also discharged by discharge duct 9, salt saturated solution in heat exchanger 2 just evaporative crystallization, steam is discharged by steam discharge line 10, hot-air is discharged by heating pipe 7, until the whole crystallization of inorganic salts be cooled to environment temperature, then enters another kind of refrigeration cycle.The register of an elementary cell that Here it is, two such elementary cell alternations just can continuous cooling.
When register is provided with two, it is respectively the first register and the second register, the pipeline 6 that adds water of the first register and the second register is all in parallel with the output channel of water sending device, the steam discharge line 10 of the first register and the second register is all in parallel with the reflux line of water recovery apparatus, the water back 5 of the first register and the second register is all in parallel with sending the output channel of thermal, and the discharge duct 9 of the first register and the second register is all in parallel with the reflux line of regenerative apparatus.Water sending device and water recovery apparatus can be same device, and send thermal and regenerative apparatus can be also same device, like this, water and heat medium can recycle.
In addition, the first register and the second register design multiple according to actual needs, are all connected in parallel.
In the present invention, salt dissolution type temperature-adjusting device utilizes heat energy to carry out work, but it does not consume heat energy at work, and it just utilizes heat energy to carry out separation and the transfer of cold-peace heat.For refrigeration, its energy conversion relation is that △ H input=△ H exports-Q refrigerating capacity, that is, owing to creating cold, according to law of conservation of energy, the heat that device exports is greater than the heat of input, and its heat (water vapour) exported still can utilize as the energy.Therefore, if sealing in salt dissolution type temperature-adjusting device in existing water vapour loop will be very economical.
Salt dissolution type temperature-adjusting device designed by the present invention is closely similar with LiBr Absorption Refrigerator on the energy uses, these two kinds of devices all will utilize heat energy to carry out heating evaporation to inorganic salt solution, difference is, the former generally will be evaporated to crystallization inorganic salt solution, and the latter is evaporation and concentration.But in operation principle, these two kinds of devices are but essentially different, the former is the heat of solution utilizing inorganic salts, and latter utilizes the heat of gasification of water to freeze, and the absorption dilution of salting liquid and evaporation and concentration are supporting process, obviously, the latter is more huge and complicated.Comparatively speaking, the thermostatic advantage of salt dissolution type is as follows:
1, salt dissolution type temperature-adjusting device does not need negative-pressure operation, therefore less demanding to the air-tightness of equipment, and manufacture more convenient, cheap, working service is more reliably easy;
2, because as received basis does not circulate, quantity and the energy resource consumption of circulating pump is decreased;
3, salt dissolution type temperature-adjusting device has a lot of inorganic salts to utilize, and their cost is all low than LiBr;
4, salt dissolution type temperature-adjusting device is a kind of accumulation energy type device, and it can carry out at times to the manufacture of cold air, hot gas and supply, and therefore its utilizable energy is wider, as long as the temperature of thermal source is greater than 100 DEG C get final product work;
5, salt dissolution type temperature-adjusting device is not consumption of calorie when freezing, and namely its can utilize by the larger cold of output ratio input heat, and LiBr Absorption Refrigerator does not then accomplish this point;
6, salt dissolution type temperature-adjusting device can be turned down to-55 DEG C temperature according to using the difference of inorganic salts, therefore refrigerator and refrigerator can be made, and LiBr Absorption Refrigerator cooling minimum in theory can only to 0 DEG C, otherwise the water as cold-producing medium will freeze and cannot work, and in fact to reach 0 DEG C be also impossible;
7, due to LiBr Absorption Refrigerator complex structure, bulky, it is made midget plant is very uneconomic, therefore be all make Large Central Air Conditioning System usually, responsiveness is poor, and salt dissolution type temperature-adjusting device can do very little, can immediately freeze, range of application is wider, such as, may be used for automobile and family;
8, salt dissolution type temperature-adjusting device can make huge device, and steam power plant's coupling, realize heat, electricity, cold coproduction alliance (can make full use of existing urban heating network), and LiBr Absorption Refrigerator is difficult to accomplish this point.
Compare with traditional steam compressing air conditioner, salt dissolution type temperature-adjusting device has the following advantages:
1, do not destroy atmospheric ozone layer, there is no environmental pollution;
2, moving component is few, and operating noise is lower, longer service life;
3, install more convenient with safety;
4, because salt dissolution type temperature-adjusting device is to utilize heat energy, and in order to being that main traditional air conditioner is different with electric energy, it utilizes the efficiency of energy to be that traditional air conditioner can not be compared, and can adopt various low-grade energy.
Embodiment one automobile-used salt dissolution type air-conditioning:
Almost each automobile all needs to install an air-conditioner.Existing on-board air conditioner is all traditional steam compressing air conditioner, and its need of work is driven by automobile engine, or the refrigeration engine needing increase by special, just need to consume extra energy, add fuel consumption, add noise, too increase discharge amount of exhaust gas.Automobile engine converts the chemical energy that gasoline, diesel oil contain heat energy to, converts kinetic energy required for automobile to again, but due to by heat engine Carnot cycle restriction and automobilism is instable affects, the heat to power output efficiency of engine on average only has about 15% ~ 20%, that is, the heat that fuel oil produces has considerable part (30 ~ 40%) all to be lost by motor vehicle exhaust emission, so export at generator tail gas, temperature can reach more than 300 DEG C, sometimes even up to 900 DEG C.Therefore, if this part heat is used for heated saline solution make it evaporative crystallization, not only can saves fuel oil, also can reduce discharge amount of exhaust gas.
Fig. 3 is the example of salt dissolution type temperature-adjusting device for automobile, and it is formed in parallel by 2 elementary cell A and B, and adopts dissolving and heat absorbing salt to be as received basis.Water back 5, the discharge duct 9 of elementary cell A and B, the pipeline 6 that adds water, steam discharge line 10 are all parallel to respective total pipeline, all to load onto magnetic valve asynchronous to ensure the duty of A, B at every root arm near the place of house steward.To freeze in car, suppose that certain moment unit A is in refrigeration, unit B is heating, and at this moment, magnetic valve 23,33,25,32,36,22,28,30 is in opening, and magnetic valve 24,34,26,35,31,21,27,29 is in closed condition; The heat exchanger that water in water tank 41 is got in unit A through valve 25 by pump 42 freezes, and cold wind is transported in car through valve 23,33; Simultaneously, generator tail gas delivers to the heat exchanger of unit B through valve 22, then discharges outside car through valve 28, and the steam that B inside heat exchanger produces is transported to after heat exchanger 43 cools through valve 30 and sends into water tank 41, recycle, the hot-air produced in B is discharged outside car through valve 32,36.When A completes refrigeration, B completes crystallization and after cooling, magnetic valve 23,33,25,32,36,22,28,30 cuts out, magnetic valve 24,34,26,35,31,21,27,29 is opened simultaneously, unit A heats and discharges outside car, unit B refrigeration is sent in car, like this, just ensure that continuous cooling in car.
In addition, because the heating load of motor exhaust is very large, may more than the heat needed for evaporite solution, input a house steward side road arm in parallel at motor exhaust and magnetic valve 37 is installed, its motor exhaust transfer valve is closed when another one has completed evaporative crystallization when one of A and B freezes, Open valve 37, allows motor exhaust discharge thus simultaneously.The work of the switch of all magnetic valves, water pump and fan can be controlled by a program controller, and the amplitude by regulating the power of water pump and fan to regulate cooling.
If need to heat, only need magnetic valve 33,34,35,36 be set to contrary with cooling condition.In order to for simplicity, also reversal valve can be settled replace the magnetic valve settled separately in parallel arm.
If use CaCl26H2O is working media, automobile-used salt dissolution type air-conditioning also has another pyrogenicity mode, namely CaCl26H2O is utilized to carry out the heat that store automobiles tail gas produces, the then pyrogenicity when low temperature being warmed up to the heat of transformation (170kJ/kg) that its fusing point (the about 27 DEG C) crystallization water that CaCl2 is dissolved in himself afterwards produces.In this case, the structure of aircondition does not need to change, and only needs vehicle exhaust that solid-state CaCl26H2O is heated to fusing and dissolves, startup is not needed to add water device, as long as environment inside car temperature is lower than 27 DEG C, it just can quantity of heat given up automatically, more simple on controlling like this.As mentioned above, being heated to higher temperature, even to lose the crystallization water be also feasible, but at this moment need to start moisturizing device.
Except the waste heat making full use of vehicle exhaust, automobile-used salt dissolution type air-conditioning also has an outstanding advantage, is exactly no matter be pyrogenicity or refrigeration, it can be energy storage type, namely automobile is during stagnation of movement, even if do not start the engine, also can provide comfortable environment inside car.
Similar device can be used for manufacturing refrigerating transport vehicle, fish freezing room, beeliner air-conditioning, also can be arranged on aircraft, steamer and all have the place of Industrial Boiler and industrial combustion stove (as metallurgical, machinery, building materials industry converter, gas furnace etc.), civil boiler, for industrial refrigeration or life refrigeration.
Execute example two family expenses or commercial discrete air-conditioning:
The implication of " discrete " refers to that air-conditioning has independently heating system herein.
Salt dissolution type family expenses or commercial discrete air-conditioning are consistent with the essential structure of car air-conditioner, just distinguish to some extent in pipe-line system due to the difference of embody rule environment and thermal source:
The first, family expenses or commercial discrete air-conditioning do not need special storage tank, directly use running water; In addition, salting liquid evaporates the water vapour produced does not need cooling Posterior circle to use, but is transported to water heater as bathing use, which saves energy.
The second, the heat medium of family expenses or business air conditioner is circulation, but heating energy source is good to adopt industrial waste gas and solar energy.
Three, when certain elementary cell of domestic air conditioning is in cooling condition, refrigerator pipe is other starts an arm, and guides to the container of an insulation, and so this container has been exactly refrigerator.
As shown in Figure 4, the workflow of salt dissolution type family expenses or commercial discrete air-conditioning is: running water introduces elementary cell A or B for dissolve inorganic salts by valve 44, and the steam that evaporation inorganic salt solution produces enters water heater for bathing by valve 29 or 30; Cold air house steward is other and an arm guides to refrigerator 46 by valve 45, opens valve 45 if desired and refrigerator 46 just can be made to work; 49 is parabolic light focusing type solar heaters, and during work, valve 47 is opened, valve 48 is closed, and heat transfer medium is delivered to elementary cell A or B for evaporite solution by circulating pump 51 and circulated in pipeline after 49 heating; If valve 47 is closed, valve 48 is opened, and the cold medium of the biography in refrigerator 50 circulates through circulating pump 51, and refrigerator 50 just can be used for freezing.
So it is merely climate comfort that family expenses or business air conditioner have more than, but plays the effect of water heater and refrigerator as a system simultaneously.
Embodiment three:
Now in gross generation in the world, there is a sizable part for traditional steam compressing air conditioner.From energy utilization efficiency, this Land use systems is very uneconomic, because it experienced by multiple transfer processes such as heat energy → mechanical energy → electric energy → mechanical energy → heat energy, utilization ratio progressively reduces, particularly first transfer process heat energy → mechanical energy, as previously mentioned, by the restriction of heat engine Carnot cycle, its heat to power output efficiency only has about 40%, and therefore total conversion efficiency is low-down.
In large-scale commercial applications generation mode now, water power only accounts for small part, thermoelectricity and nuclear power account for major part, and they are all that heating water produces superheated vapour, then utilize superheated vapour to promote turbo-generator generating, but wherein only have small part thermal energy to become electric energy, theoretically, remaining heat energy is utilizable, as freezed with heat pump techniques, but its technical and economic feasibility has problems and does not have an example application, and therefore a large amount of heat energy is actually and is not utilized.
Salt dissolution type temperature-adjusting device then can utilize this part heat energy easily, and its power conversion mode is simple heat energy → heat energy, can have very high energy utilization efficiency (in principle, salt dissolution type temperature-adjusting device just stores heat, instead of consumption of calorie; For a salt dissolution type temperature-adjusting device for lowering the temperature, in kind of refrigeration cycle, want the heat in absorbing environmental due to it, the total amount of heat that therefore it exports is greater than the heat of input, and this part heat energy exported remains utilizable, as returned boiler, enter power generation cycle next time.If installed powerful salt dissolution type temperature-adjusting device in steam power plant's (comprising thermal power plant and nuclear power plant), so the huge demand of conventional vapor-compression air-conditioning to electric energy will save, and even can carry out zero cost operation.
Under normal condition, because always there is stable heat energy output in steam power plant, there is no need to adopt the mode of chemical energy storage to carry out hyperthermic treatment, the salt dissolution type temperature-adjusting device being therefore arranged on steam power plant's (comprising thermal power plant and nuclear power plant) only can consider refrigeration.
The same with embodiment one, the salt dissolution type temperature-adjusting device of steam power plant also can adopt burnt gas to carry out heating evaporation salting liquid, its workflow as shown in Figure 5, similar with the flow chart of car air-conditioner, just the scale of device becomes huge, and the hot-air produced during device work does not need to utilize, but is discharged by valve 31 or 32.
In some cases, burnt gas may differ and meet the huge power demand of salt dissolution type temperature-adjusting device surely, and burnt gas is not had concerning nuclear power plant, therefore can directly utilize the low temperature and low pressure water vapor of discharging from steam turbine generator to carry out heating evaporation salting liquid.As everyone knows, in existing pyroelectric technology, no matter be thermoelectricity or nuclear power, the low temperature and low pressure water vapor of discharging from steam turbine generator all will be sent to boiler heating again, recycle after a condenser, and the thermostatic evaporation process of salt dissolution type just can play the effect of condensation, be equivalent to a condenser, therefore, salt dissolution type temperature-adjusting device of connecting in existing steam power plant steam circulation on the work of steam turbine generator without any impact.In such a integrated system, the thermostatic workflow of salt dissolution type as shown in Figure 6: 52 is steam turbine generators, and 53 is boiler or nuclear reactor heating system, connects into salt dissolution type temperature-adjusting device in their vapor recycle pipeline.From the low temperature and low pressure water vapor that steam turbine generator 52 is discharged, input elementary cell A or B through circulating pump 51, for evaporative crystallization salting liquid, then transport to boiler or nuclear reactor heating system 53 heats, then transport to steam turbine generator 52 and generate electricity, complete a circulation.The water vapour produced during elementary cell A or B evaporation can externally heat supply, also can input other elementary cell and realize multiple-effect evaporation, and the hot-air produced during their work is then by valve 31 or 32 discharge.
The cold air that the salt dissolution type temperature-adjusting device of steam power plant is produced is transported to the terminal use of community or commercial center as supermarket, hotel, office building, residential building etc. through utilidor, also may be used for manufacturing various types of freezer, artificial rink, artificial ski field etc.
Can see from above embodiment, the thermostatic energy-saving effect of salt dissolution type is remarkable, simultaneously to minimizing greenhouse gases CO
2discharge capacity and control atmosphere pollution be also significant.
Claims (10)
1. a salt dissolution type temperature-adjusting device, it is characterized in that: it comprises register, described register comprises moist closet (1), described moist closet (1) is connected the heating pipe (7) and refrigerator pipe (11) that outwardly stretch out, heat exchanger (2) is provided with in moist closet (1), described heat exchanger is placed with inorganic salts in (2), described heat exchanger (2) is connected the pipeline that adds water (6) for inputting running water and the steam discharge line (10) for discharging steam, described heat exchanger is provided with heat exchanger tube in (2), described heat exchanger tube one end is connected with the water back (5) for inputting heat medium (16), the other end of heat exchanger tube is connected with the discharge duct (9) of discharging heat medium, described moist closet (1) inwall is provided with the air-supply arrangement of heat exchanger (2) conveying air.
2. salt dissolution type temperature-adjusting device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described heating pipe (7) is provided with the first valve (8), described refrigerator pipe (11) is provided with the second valve (12).
3. salt dissolution type temperature-adjusting device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described water back (5), the pipeline that adds water (6), discharge duct (9) and steam discharge line (10) all pass moist closet (1), water back (5) in moist closet (1), the pipeline that adds water (6), discharge duct (9) and steam discharge line (10) are heat transfer pipe, and described moist closet (1) water back outward (5), the pipeline that adds water (6), discharge duct (9) and steam discharge line (10) are heat-insulating pipeline.
4. salt dissolution type temperature-adjusting device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: be provided with liquid level sensor (13) and humidity sensor (14) in described steam discharge line (10), the upper end inwall of described moist closet (1) is provided with temperature sensor (15).
5. salt dissolution type temperature-adjusting device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described air-supply arrangement comprises power set (4), the output shaft of described power set is provided with blower fan (3).
6. salt dissolution type temperature-adjusting device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described inorganic salts are NH
4nO
3, NH
4cNS, NaNO
3, KNO
3, KCNS, CaCl
26H
2a kind of or several arbitrarily mixture of O or NaCl; Described heat medium (16) is hot water, water vapour, ethylene glycol, ethanol, glycerine, CaCl
2the aqueous solution, the NaCl aqueous solution, MgCl
2the aqueous solution.
7. salt dissolution type temperature-adjusting device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the form of described heat exchanger (2) is jacket type, coil pipe type, shell and tube, spiral plate type, board-like or plate-fin.
8. salt dissolution type temperature-adjusting device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described register is provided with two, be respectively the first register and the second register, the pipeline that adds water (6) of described first register and the second register is all in parallel with the output channel of water sending device, the steam discharge line (10) of described first register and the second register is all in parallel with the reflux line of water recovery apparatus, the water back (5) of described first register and the second register is all in parallel with sending the output channel of thermal, the discharge duct (9) of described first register and the second register is all in parallel with the reflux line of regenerative apparatus.
9. salt dissolution type temperature-adjusting device according to claim 8, is characterized in that: described water sending device and water recovery apparatus are same device, described in send thermal and regenerative apparatus also for same device.
10., based on the thermostatic using method of salt dissolution type according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
1), need cooling condition, be crystal inorganic salt in heat exchanger (2), open air-supply arrangement, pass into running water from the pipeline that adds water (6), form salting liquid, close the first valve (8) simultaneously, open the second valve (12), cold air can be obtained from refrigerator pipe (11);
2), after the salt in heat exchanger (2) all dissolves and reaches capacity, cut off water service, close the second valve (12), open the first valve (8), pass into heat medium (16) by water back (5) simultaneously, to be discharged by discharge duct (9) through heat exchanger tube, salt saturated solution just evaporative crystallization in heat exchanger (2), steam is discharged by steam discharge line (10), hot-air is discharged by heating pipe (7), until the whole crystallization of inorganic salts be cooled to environment temperature, then enter another kind of refrigeration cycle;
3), above-mentioned two elementary cell alternations just can continuous cooling.
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| CN106077050A (en) * | 2016-08-16 | 2016-11-09 | 南京格洛特环境工程股份有限公司 | A kind of microwave cracking method of side-product salt |
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