CN103582400A - Broadband wave-absorbing metamaterial - Google Patents
Broadband wave-absorbing metamaterial Download PDFInfo
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- CN103582400A CN103582400A CN201210275367.5A CN201210275367A CN103582400A CN 103582400 A CN103582400 A CN 103582400A CN 201210275367 A CN201210275367 A CN 201210275367A CN 103582400 A CN103582400 A CN 103582400A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a broadband wave-absorbing metamaterial which is virtually divided into a plurality of basic units arranged in a periodic mode. Each basic unit is formed by a first sub-unit, a second sub-unit and a third sub-unit, wherein the first sub-unit, the second sub-unit and the third sub-unit are sequentially stacked in the electromagnetic wave propagation direction. Each sub-unit comprises a substrate, a first micro-structure, a second micro-structure and a third micro-structure, wherein the first micro-structure, the second micro-structure and the third micro-structure are attached to the substrate, the surface where the first micro-structure and the second micro-structure are attached to is not completely filled with the first micro-structure and the second micro-structure, and the surface where the third micro-structure is attached to is completely filled with the third micro-structure. The wave-absorbing metamaterial is designed by using a metamaterial principle and a transmission line theory, the frequency of the wave-absorbing metamaterial is within a section between 5GHZ and 42 GHZ, and the decay degrees of electromagnetic waves can all achieve 10dB to 18dB. In addition, an impedance matching layer is further attached to the wave-absorbing metamaterial, so that the wave-absorbing effect of the broadband wave-absorbing metamaterial is further improved, and the decay degrees of the electromagnetic waves can all achieve 15dB to 30dB. Meanwhile, the broadband wave-absorbing metamaterial is small in thickness and wide in application scope.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of absorbing material, relate in particular to a kind of wideband of super materials theory and transmission line theory design that utilizes and inhale the super material of ripple.
Background technology
Along with making rapid progress of scientific technological advance, the technology that the electromagnetic wave of take is medium, various product get more and more, and electromagenetic wave radiation also increases day by day on the impact of environment.Such as, radio wave may cause interference to airport environment, causes airplane flight normally to take off; Mobile phone may disturb the work of various precise electronic medicine equipments; Even common computer, electromagnetic wave that also can radiation carry information, it is may be beyond several kilometers received and reappear, and cause the leakage of the aspect information such as national defence, politics, economy, science and technology.Therefore, administer electromagnetic pollution, find a kind of material---the absorbing material that can keep out and weaken electromagenetic wave radiation, become a large problem of material science.
Absorbing material is a class material that can absorb the electromagnetic wave energy that projects its surface, and it is comprising that military affairs and other side are also widely used, such as stealthy machine, contact clothing etc.The primary condition of material electromagnetic wave absorption is: when (1) electromagnetic wave incides on material, it can enter material internal to greatest extent, requires material to have matching properties; (2) the electromagnetism wave energy that enters material internal promptly almost all attenuates, i.e. attenuation characteristic.
Existing absorbing material utilizes each material self to electromagnetic absorbent properties, component by design different materials makes mixed material possess microwave absorbing property, this type of design of material is complicated and do not have a large-scale promotion, the mechanical performance of this type of material is limited to the mechanical performance of material itself simultaneously, can not meet the demand of special occasions.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, above-mentioned deficiency for prior art, propose a kind of wideband of super materials theory and transmission line theory design that utilizes and inhale the super material of ripple, this is inhaled, and the suction ripple frequency range that the super material of ripple is corresponding is wide, the super material thickness of suction ripple is thin and good to electromagnetic fade performance.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves its technical problem employing is, propose a kind of wideband and inhale the super material of ripple, described wideband is inhaled the elementary cell that the super material of ripple is virtually divided into a plurality of periodic arrangement, and described elementary cell mainly consists of the first subelement stacking gradually along Electromagnetic Wave Propagation direction, the second subelement and the 3rd subelement; Described the first subelement comprises the first base material and is attached to the first micro-structural on the first base material, described the second subelement comprises the second base material and is attached to the second micro-structural on the second base material, and described the 3rd subelement comprises the 3rd base material and is attached to the 3rd micro-structural on the 3rd base material; Described the first micro-structural is filled squares shape, and described the first micro-structural does not all cover its first accompanying substrate surface; Described the second micro-structural is filled squares shape, and described the second micro-structural does not all cover its second accompanying substrate surface; Described the 3rd micro-structural all covers its 3rd accompanying substrate surface.
Further, it is the square shape of 10 millimeters that the surface configuration that is attached with respectively first, second, third micro-structural on described the first base material, the second base material, the 3rd base material is the length of side; Described the first micro-structural is filled squares shape and the first base material and the first micro-structural common midpoint setting of 7.6 millimeters of the length of sides; Described the second micro-structural is filled squares shape and the second base material and the second micro-structural common midpoint setting of 9.2 millimeters of the length of sides.
Further, described the first base material, the second base material and the 3rd base material are made by FR4 material.
Further, described the first micro-structural, the second micro-structural and the 3rd micro-structural are made by electrically conductive ink.
Further, described the first subelement, the second subelement are identical with the 3rd subelement thickness, are 1.6 to 1.7 millimeters.
Further, described the first micro-structural, the second micro-structural and the 3rd micro-structural thickness are identical, are 0.01-0.02 millimeter.
Further, the conductivity of described the first micro-structural is 65-70S/m, and the conductivity of the second micro-structural is 135-140S/m, and the conductivity of the 3rd micro-structural is 270-280S/m.
Further, the equivalent electric circuit of described elementary cell is: described equivalent electric circuit comprises that the first transmission line element, the second transmission line element, the 3rd transmission line element, the first resistance, the second resistance, the 3rd resistance of series connection also comprise the first electric capacity, the second electric capacity; For the electromagnetic port element of analog transmissions, access the first transmission line element, the 3rd transmission line element ground connection, the second transmission line element accesses between the first transmission line element and the 3rd transmission line element; Between first resistance one end access interface element and the first transmission line element, the other end accesses the first electric capacity, the first electric capacity other end ground connection; The second resistance one end is connected between the first transmission line element and the second transmission line element, and the other end accesses the second electric capacity, the second electric capacity other end ground connection; The 3rd resistance one end is connected between the second transmission line element and the 3rd transmission line element, other end ground connection.
Further, described the first resistance value is 700 to 900 ohm, and the second resistance value is 300 to 500 ohm, and the 3rd resistance value is 100 to 250 ohm; The parameter of described the first transmission line element is: First Characteristic impedance is
ohm, the first transmission range is 1.6 millimeters, the first center frequency point is 10GHZ; The parameter of the second transmission line element is: Second Characteristic impedance is
ohm, the second transmission range is 1.6 millimeters, the second center frequency point is 10GHZ; The parameter of the 3rd transmission line element is: the 3rd characteristic impedance is
ohm, the 3rd transmission range is 1.6 millimeters, the 3rd center frequency point is 10GHZ.
Further, described elementary cell also comprises the impedance matching layer being covered on described the first subelement, and described impedance matching layer is made by F4B material, and described impedance matching layer thickness is 2 millimeters.
The present invention utilizes super material principle and transmission line theory design to inhale the super material of ripple, and it is interval at 5GHZ to 42GHZ that the present invention inhales the super material of ripple, and the electromagnetic degree of decay all can reach 10 to 18dB.The present invention also adheres to impedance matching layer on the super material of ripple wave-absorbing effect of the present invention is further improved inhaling in addition, and the electromagnetic degree of decay can reach 15 to 30dB.It is thinner that the present invention simultaneously inhales the super material thickness of ripple, and range of application is wider.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is for forming the structural representation of the elementary cell of super material;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation that the present invention inhales the elementary cell of the super material of ripple;
Fig. 3 is the front view of the first subelement;
Fig. 4 is the front view of the second subelement;
Fig. 5 is the front view of the 3rd subelement;
Fig. 6 is the schematic equivalent circuit that the present invention inhales the super material of ripple;
Fig. 7 is the simulation result schematic diagram that the present invention inhales the super material of ripple;
Fig. 8 is the schematic equivalent circuit that is attached with the super material of suction ripple after impedance matching layer;
Fig. 9 is the simulated effect schematic diagram that is attached with the super material of suction ripple after impedance matching layer.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in detail.
Light, as electromagnetic a kind of, it is when passing glass, because the wavelength of light is much larger than the size of atom, therefore we can use the univers parameter of glass, and the details parameter of the atom of for example refractive index, rather than composition glass is described the response of glass to light.Accordingly, when research material is to other electromagnetic responses, in material, any yardstick also can be used the univers parameter of material much smaller than the structure of electromagnetic wavelength to electromagnetic response, and for example DIELECTRIC CONSTANT ε and magnetic permeability μ describe.Structure by every of designing material makes the dielectric constant of material each point all identical or different with magnetic permeability, thereby making the dielectric constant of material monolithic and magnetic permeability be certain rule arranges, the magnetic permeability that rule is arranged and dielectric constant can make material have the response in macroscopic view to electromagnetic wave, such as converging electromagnetic wave, divergent electromagnetic ripple, electromagnetic wave absorption etc.Such has magnetic permeability that rule arranges and the material of dielectric constant is referred to as super material.
As shown in Figure 1, Fig. 1 is for forming the perspective view of the elementary cell of super material.The elementary cell of super material comprises the base material 2 that artificial micro-structural 1 and this artificial micro-structural are adhered to.Artificial micro-structural can be artificial metal's micro-structural, it has plane or three-dimensional topological structure to incident electromagnetic wave electric field and/or magnetic field generation response, change pattern and/or the size of the artificial metal's micro-structural in each super material elementary cell, can change each super material elementary cell response to incident electromagnetic wave.A plurality of super material elementary cells are arranged according to certain rules, can make super material have macroscopical response to electromagnetic wave.Because super material monolithic need have macroscopical electromagnetic response to incident electromagnetic wave, therefore each super material elementary cell need form continuous response to the response of incident electromagnetic wave, this requires the size of each super material elementary cell to be less than incident electromagnetic wave 1/5th wavelength, is preferably incident electromagnetic wave 1/10th wavelength.During this section is described, to surpass material monolithic, to be divided into a plurality of super material elementary cells are a kind of man-made division methods, but should know that this kind of division methods only for convenience of description, should not regard super material as by a plurality of super material elementary cell splicings or assemble, in practical application, super material is that artificial metal's micro-structural cycle is arranged on base material and can be formed, and technique is simple and with low cost.Cycle arranges and refers to that the artificial metal's micro-structural in each super material elementary cell of above-mentioned artificial division can produce continuous electromagnetic response to incident electromagnetic wave.
The present invention utilizes above-mentioned super material principle design to inhale the super material of ripple, and different from Fig. 1, the elementary cell that the present invention inhales the super material of ripple comprises multilayer, is all attached with micro-structural on every layer.As shown in Figure 2, the elementary cell that the present invention inhales the super material of ripple mainly consists of the first subelement 10, the second subelement 20 and the 3rd subelement 30 that stack gradually along Electromagnetic Wave Propagation direction, the first subelement 10 comprises the first base material 11 and is attached to the first micro-structural 12 on the first base material 11, the second subelement 20 comprises the second base material 21 and the second micro-structural 22, the three subelements 30 of being attached on the second base material 21 comprise the 3rd base material 31 and are attached to the 3rd micro-structural 32 on the 3rd base material 31.
In the present embodiment, first, second, third micro-structural topology is filled squares, and the material of first, second, third micro-structural is preferably electrically conductive ink, and the conductivity of each electrically conductive ink is not identical.First, second, third micro-structural thickness is identical, is 0.01-0.02 millimeter.As shown in Figure 3, Fig. 3 is the front view of the first subelement.In Fig. 3, the surface configuration that is attached with the first micro-structural on the first base material 11 is that the length of side is the square shape of 10 millimeters, and it is filled squares shape and the first base material 11 and the first micro-structural 12 common midpoint settings of 7.6 millimeters that the first micro-structural 12 is shaped as the length of side.As shown in Figure 4, Fig. 4 is the front view of the second subelement.In Fig. 4, the surface configuration that is attached with the second micro-structural on the second base material 21 is that the length of side is the square shape of 10 millimeters, and it is filled squares shape and the second base material 21 and the second micro-structural 22 common midpoint settings of 9.2 millimeters that the second micro-structural 22 is shaped as the length of side.As shown in Figure 5, Fig. 5 is the front view of the 3rd subelement, and in Fig. 5, the surface configuration that is attached with the 3rd micro-structural on the 3rd base material is that the length of side is the square shape of 10 millimeters, and the 3rd micro-structural 32 is all filled the surface that is attached with the 3rd micro-structural on the 3rd base material.In Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, the first micro-structural, the second micro-structural and the 3rd micro-structural self can be equivalent to resistance in equivalent electric circuit, because the first micro-structural and the second micro-structural are not all filled the first subelement and the second subelement surface, therefore between two the first micro-structurals on the first adjacent subelement, can be equivalent to electric capacity in equivalent electric circuit, similarly, between two the second micro-structurals on the second adjacent subelement, also can be equivalent to electric capacity in equivalent electric circuit.While adopting this kind of super material of structural design, compare the super material elementary cell shown in Fig. 1, the present invention is without the complicated metal micro structure topology pattern of design, thereby only need adhere to the certain thickness material that is different from the material of subelement base material on every straton unit, be that adjustable the present invention inhales the super material of ripple to electromagnetic response adjustment electromagnetic wave, simplicity of design, convenience, be convenient to large-scale production.
Because the present invention inhales the super material of ripple, be applied to high frequency field, so the present invention adopts transmission line theory to carry out the conductivity of specific design the first micro-structural, the second micro-structural and the 3rd micro-structural.As shown in Figure 6, Fig. 6 is the equivalent circuit diagram that wideband of the present invention is inhaled the super material of ripple.In Fig. 6, port element 100 is for simulating the electromagnetic wave from free space transmission, and because free space impedance is 337 ohm, therefore correspondingly, the input impedance of port element is also 337 ohm.The present invention adopts three straton elementary layer structures, therefore in equivalent circuit diagram, be serially connected with three transmission line element, port element accesses the first transmission line element 104, the 3rd transmission line element 106 ground connection, between second transmission line element 105 access the first transmission line element 104 and the 3rd transmission line element 106.Simultaneously due to the resistance characteristic of first, second, third micro-structural and the capacitance characteristic of adjacent the first micro-structural and adjacent the second micro-structural, in equivalent circuit diagram, also comprise first, second, third resistance and first, second electric capacity, wherein, the first resistance 101 1 ends are connected between port element 100 and the first transmission line element 104, the other end accesses the first electric capacity 107, the first electric capacity 107 other end ground connection; The second resistance 102 1 ends are connected between the first transmission line 104 elements and the second transmission line element 405, and the other end accesses the second electric capacity 108, the second electric capacity 108 other end ground connection; The 3rd resistance 103 1 ends are connected between the second transmission line element 105 and the 3rd transmission line element 106, other end ground connection.
By at CST(Computer Simulation Technology) in simulation software parameters emulation obtain result, and adjust after parameter by result, the parameter that obtains preferred equivalent electric circuit is: the first resistance 101 values are 700 to 900 ohm, the second resistance 102 values are 300 to 500 ohm, and the 3rd resistance 103 values are 100 to 250 ohm.The first electric capacity 107 values are 0.02 to 0.07 pico farad, and the second electric capacity 108 values are 0.10 to 0.15 pico farad.The parameter of the first transmission line element 104 is: First Characteristic impedance is
ohm, the first transmission range is 1.6 millimeters, the first center frequency point is 10GHZ; The parameter of the second transmission line element 105 is: Second Characteristic impedance is
ohm, the second transmission range is 1.6 millimeters, the second center frequency point is 10GHZ; The parameter of the 3rd transmission line element 106 is: the 3rd characteristic impedance is
ohm, the 3rd transmission range is 1.6 millimeters, the 3rd center frequency point is 10GHZ.First, second, third transmission range is the thickness of first, second, third subelement, so it is thinner in the present embodiment, to inhale the super material thickness of ripple, is only 4.8-5.0 millimeter, can be applicable to various suction wave fields and closes.The S11 parameter obtaining via above-mentioned parameter emulation as shown in Figure 7, as can be seen from Figure 7, the absorbing property of the super material of suction ripple that the parameter of equivalent electric circuit and above-mentioned each equivalent electric circuit obtains is as shown in Figure 6 good, the super material of this suction ripple has the suction ripple frequency of non-constant width simultaneously, interval at 5GHZ to 42GHZ, the electromagnetic degree of decay is 10 to 18dB.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the first base material 11, the second base material 21, the 3rd base material 31 all adopt FR4 material to make; Along Electromagnetic Wave Propagation direction, the conductivity of the first micro-structural 12 is 65-70S/m, and the conductivity of the second micro-structural 22 is 135-140S/m, and the conductivity of the 3rd micro-structural 32 is 270-280S/m.
Can imagine ground, in each micro-structural of assurance, under the requirement of the distribution situation on each subelement surface, can select various dissimilar materials to realize the conductivity of each micro-structural, also can select the different thickness of identical material to realize the conductivity of each micro-structural.
In one embodiment of the invention, for improving the present invention, inhale the wave-absorbing effect of the super material of ripple, also on the first subelement, be coated with impedance matching layer, described impedance matching layer is made by F4B material, because the refractive index of F4B material is less than the refractive index of FR4 material, therefore cover and can reduce free space after F4B material and incide the reflection electromagnetic wave of inhaling on the super material of ripple and lose.Be coated with after F4B material, inhale the equivalent circuit diagram of the super material of ripple as shown in Figure 8.In Fig. 8, and the difference of equivalent circuit diagram shown in Fig. 6 is to be serially connected with the 4th transmission line 109 between the first transmission line 104 and port element 100.The parameter of the 4th transmission line 109 is: the 4th characteristic impedance is
ohm, the 4th transmission range is 2 millimeters, the 4th center frequency point is 10GHZ.The 4th transmission range is impedance matching layer thickness, is also coated with after impedance matching, and inhaling the super material thickness of ripple is 6.8-7.0 millimeter, still can be applicable to preferably all kinds of suction wave fields and close.Be coated with the S11 parameters simulation figure of the super material of suction ripple after impedance matching layer as shown in Figure 9.Known in Fig. 9, be coated with after impedance matching layer, it is still wider that the present invention inhales the super material suction of ripple ripple frequency, absorbing property reinforcement, it is interval at 5GHZ to 42GHZ, and the electromagnetic degree of decay reaches 15 to 30dB.
By reference to the accompanying drawings embodiments of the invention are described above; but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment; above-mentioned embodiment is only schematic; rather than restrictive; those of ordinary skill in the art is under enlightenment of the present invention; not departing from the scope situation that aim of the present invention and claim protect, also can make a lot of forms, within these all belong to protection of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a wideband is inhaled the super material of ripple, it is characterized in that: described wideband is inhaled the elementary cell that the super material of ripple is virtually divided into a plurality of periodic arrangement, and described elementary cell mainly consists of the first subelement stacking gradually along Electromagnetic Wave Propagation direction, the second subelement and the 3rd subelement; Described the first subelement comprises the first base material and is attached to the first micro-structural on the first base material, described the second subelement comprises the second base material and is attached to the second micro-structural on the second base material, and described the 3rd subelement comprises the 3rd base material and is attached to the 3rd micro-structural on the 3rd base material; Described the first micro-structural is filled squares shape, and described the first micro-structural does not all cover its first accompanying substrate surface; Described the second micro-structural is filled squares shape, and described the second micro-structural does not all cover its second accompanying substrate surface; Described the 3rd micro-structural all covers its 3rd accompanying substrate surface.
2. wideband as claimed in claim 1 is inhaled the super material of ripple, it is characterized in that: it is the square shape of 10 millimeters that the surface configuration that is attached with respectively first, second, third micro-structural on described the first base material, the second base material, the 3rd base material is the length of side; Described the first micro-structural is filled squares shape and the first base material and the first micro-structural common midpoint setting of 7.6 millimeters of the length of sides; Described the second micro-structural is filled squares shape and the second base material and the second micro-structural common midpoint setting of 9.2 millimeters of the length of sides.
3. wideband as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is inhaled the super material of ripple, it is characterized in that: described the first base material, the second base material and the 3rd base material are made by FR4 material.
4. wideband as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is inhaled the super material of ripple, it is characterized in that: described the first micro-structural, the second micro-structural and the 3rd micro-structural are made by electrically conductive ink.
5. wideband as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is inhaled the super material of ripple, it is characterized in that: described the first subelement, the second subelement are identical with the 3rd subelement thickness, are 1.6 to 1.7 millimeters.
6. wideband as claimed in claim 4 is inhaled the super material of ripple, it is characterized in that: described the first micro-structural, the second micro-structural and the 3rd micro-structural thickness are identical, are 0.01-0.02 millimeter.
7. wideband as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is inhaled the super material of ripple, it is characterized in that: the conductivity of described the first micro-structural is 65-70S/m, and the conductivity of the second micro-structural is 135-140S/m, and the conductivity of the 3rd micro-structural is 270-280S/m.
8. wideband as claimed in claim 7 is inhaled the super material of ripple, it is characterized in that: the equivalent electric circuit of described elementary cell is: described equivalent electric circuit comprises that the first transmission line element, the second transmission line element, the 3rd transmission line element, the first resistance, the second resistance, the 3rd resistance of series connection also comprise the first electric capacity, the second electric capacity; For the electromagnetic port element of analog transmissions, access the first transmission line element, the 3rd transmission line element ground connection, the second transmission line element accesses between the first transmission line element and the 3rd transmission line element; Between first resistance one end access interface element and the first transmission line element, the other end accesses the first electric capacity, the first electric capacity other end ground connection; The second resistance one end is connected between the first transmission line element and the second transmission line element, and the other end accesses the second electric capacity, the second electric capacity other end ground connection; The 3rd resistance one end is connected between the second transmission line element and the 3rd transmission line element, other end ground connection.
9. wideband as claimed in claim 7 is inhaled the super material of ripple, it is characterized in that: described the first resistance value is 700 to 900 ohm, and the second resistance value is 300 to 500 ohm, and the 3rd resistance value is 100 to 250 ohm; Described the first capacitance is 0.02 to 0.07 pico farad, and the second capacitance is 0.10 to 0.15 pico farad; The parameter of described the first transmission line element is: First Characteristic impedance is
ohm, the first transmission range is 1.6 millimeters, the first center frequency point is 10GHZ; The parameter of the second transmission line element is: Second Characteristic impedance is
ohm, the second transmission range is 1.6 millimeters, the second center frequency point is 10GHZ; The parameter of the 3rd transmission line element is: the 3rd characteristic impedance is
ohm, the 3rd transmission range is 1.6 millimeters, the 3rd center frequency point is 10GHZ.
10. wideband as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is inhaled the super material of ripple, it is characterized in that: described elementary cell also comprises the impedance matching layer being covered on described the first subelement, and described impedance matching layer is made by F4B material, and described impedance matching layer thickness is 2 millimeters.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114619718A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2022-06-14 | 南京航空航天大学 | Broadband wave-absorbing composite material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN102110891A (en) * | 2009-12-23 | 2011-06-29 | 西北工业大学 | S-band micro-strip antenna with substrate made of completely-absorbing meta-material |
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| JP2006049354A (en) * | 2004-07-30 | 2006-02-16 | Kumagai Gumi Co Ltd | Electromagnetic wave absorber and building interior construction method |
| CN102110891A (en) * | 2009-12-23 | 2011-06-29 | 西北工业大学 | S-band micro-strip antenna with substrate made of completely-absorbing meta-material |
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| CN114619718A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2022-06-14 | 南京航空航天大学 | Broadband wave-absorbing composite material and preparation method thereof |
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Effective date of registration: 20210406 Address after: 2 / F, software building, No.9, Gaoxin Zhongyi Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province Patentee after: KUANG-CHI INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY Address before: 18B, building a, CIC international business center, 1061 Xiangmei Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518034 Patentee before: KUANG-CHI INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY Ltd. |
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