CN103580284A - Low-voltage integrated reading system - Google Patents
Low-voltage integrated reading system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103580284A CN103580284A CN201310534739.6A CN201310534739A CN103580284A CN 103580284 A CN103580284 A CN 103580284A CN 201310534739 A CN201310534739 A CN 201310534739A CN 103580284 A CN103580284 A CN 103580284A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- data
- management
- power
- module
- electric
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
- Y04S10/52—Outage or fault management, e.g. fault detection or location
Landscapes
- Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
- Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a low-voltage integrated reading system which comprises a background management system and at least one intelligent electric gateway. The intelligent electric gateway is connected with a plurality of energy meters and conducts communication with the background management system. The background management system comprises an intelligent electric gateway interface, a meter reading foreground, a database system and an integrated application platform. The intelligent electric gateway interface is used for completing interface connection operation of the intelligent electric gateway so as to collect basic electric energy information on the energy meters; the meter reading foreground is used for completing data collecting of the intelligent electric gateway; the database system comprises an in-memory database, a historical database and a basic resource database so as to conduct classifying and grading storage on data; the integrated application platform is used for conducting managing, analyzing and processing on data inside the database system. The low-voltage integrated reading system improves the meter reading success rate and the meter reading accuracy and improves electric energy service quality by changing a system network structure, adjusting a meter reading background system, and changing functions of meter reading equipment and a meter reading mechanism.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electric power collection and copy technical field, relate more specifically to a kind of low-voltage collecting meter reading system.
Background technology
Current, the data collection task of ammeter still adopts by staff and completes by the building conventional method of entering the room of knocking at the door from door to door, there are so a lot of drawbacks, first, need to drop into a large amount of manpowers and go the work of checking meter, and, due to needs, enter the room and check meter, also reduced user's fail safe, simultaneously, also there is the inaccuracy of some manual meterings, thereby produce the leak of corrupting.Along with the understanding of people to these drawbacks, some self-action automatic meter reading systems have been there are.Conventionally, existing self-action automatic meter reading system mainly by collection, copies background system and concentrator forms, concentrator is managed a plurality of electric energy meters simultaneously, the electric power data that gathers electric energy meter, based on this system architecture, data collection task is binding on electric network composition, therefore cause concentrator requirement too high, setting parameter is complicated, and field adjustable workload is huge, causes debugging and maintenance efficiency is relatively low and the error rate of checking meter is higher.
Given this, be necessary to provide a kind of low-voltage collecting meter reading system addressing the aforementioned drawbacks.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of low-voltage collecting meter reading system to address the deficiencies of the prior art.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of low-voltage collecting meter reading system, it comprises a background management system and at least one intelligent electric power gateway, described intelligent electric power gateway is connected with a plurality of electric energy meters and communicates by network and background management system, and described background management system comprises intelligent electric power gateway interface, the foreground of checking meter, data base set unify Integration application platform.Wherein, described intelligent electric power gateway interface has been used for the interface operation to described intelligent electric power gateway, to gather the electric energy essential information on electric energy meter; The described foreground of checking meter is for completing the data acquisition to described intelligent electric power gateway; Described Database Systems comprise memory database, historical data base and basic data database three parts, wherein, the data that described memory database is sent here by the described foreground of checking meter for store and management, described historical data base carries out store and management for after adopting relational database that the data of memory database are processed; Described basic data database is for fundamentals of management data, and described basic information comprises power consumer data, electric energy meter data and collection network data; Described Integration application platform is for managing, analyze and process the intrasystem data of database.
Preferably, described background management system also comprises the first system interface and second system interface, described the first system interface is for accessing the existing centralized meter-reading system of electric company, and the marketing system that described second system interface is used for accessing electric company is to realize the bi-directional synchronization of data between low-voltage collecting meter reading system and marketing system.
Preferably, described intelligent electric power gateway comprises central processing unit and the Ethernet interface being connected with this central processing unit and RS-485 interface, described electric power gateway is connected with described electric energy meter by described RS-485 interface, and described electric power gateway is connected to telecommunications broadband network or radio and television broadband network and is communicated with described background management system by described Ethernet interface.
Preferably, described intelligent electric power gateway also comprises central processing unit and the program storage being connected with this central processing unit, data storage, real-time clock and house dog.
Preferably, described background management system comprises data acquisition platform, management of power use platform, power consumption control platform, system monitoring platform, electrical energy consumption analysis platform and operation maintenance management platform.
Preferably, described management of power use platform comprise electric energy meter administration module, the management of power use module of the administration module of checking meter, load management module, electric network composition administration module, line loss dynamic management module, Power quality management module and power consumer mobile platform.Wherein, electric energy meter administration module is for managing the running status assessment that is related to data and electric energy meter between basic data, electric energy meter and the user of electric energy meter; Check meter administration module for the process of checking meter is managed; Load management module is analyzed for the foreground the data obtained of checking meter, and relevant Real-time Load data are kept in Database Systems immediately; Electric network composition administration module is for setting up the public structure that becomes distribution, for follow-up line loss analyzing and calculating provide data basis; Line loss dynamic management module is for carrying out dynamic monitoring and the management of line loss; Power quality management module, for the quality of power supply of power supply is carried out to data acquisition and analysis, is carried out dynamic monitoring and management to the quality of power supply information of system end; The mode of the management of power use module of power consumer mobile platform for going to bank with mobile network, for power consumer provides the information relevant to Spot Price, Real-time Load and real-time electric energy.
Preferably, described power consumption control platform comprises that power definite value control module, electric weight definite value control module, rate definite value control module and control command forward control module.Wherein, power definite value control module is for carrying out the control of power definite value to power consumer; Electric weight definite value control module is carried out the control of electric weight definite value for the fixing or interim power consumer for specific pre-payment; Rate definite value control module is used to power consumer to show dynamic electricity price information; Control command forwards control module for according to the control command of the existing centralized meter-reading system of electric company, controls forwarding, sets up unobstructed control command down going channel, with the intact interface of existing low-voltage collecting meter reading system.
Preferably, described system monitoring platform comprises time reference monitoring modular, network communication monitoring modular, state monitoring module and data unusual fluctuation monitoring modular.Wherein, time reference monitoring modular is for carrying out time reference management to all devices of whole system; Network communication monitoring modular is for monitoring the communication state of the network of whole system self; State monitoring module is for gathering the various states that electric energy meter, intelligent electric power gateway and background management system produced at work; Data unusual fluctuation monitoring modular is for carrying out automatic decision and examination to the unusual fluctuation of the electric energy meter state of the unusual fluctuation from power supply management unit's marketing system power consumer data and system end.
Preferably, described electrical energy consumption analysis platform comprises load Analysis module, abnormal electrical energy consumption analysis module, comprehensive electrical energy consumption analysis module, power quality analysis module and line loss analyzing module.Wherein, load Analysis module is for according to different circuits, the division of district and different lower management units basis on the same stage, the load dynamic analysis of being correlated with and provide Data support for load management; Abnormal electrical energy consumption analysis module is used for providing metering and multiplexing electric abnormality monitoring, emphasis user monitoring and event handling and query function; Comprehensive electrical energy consumption analysis module is used for realizing load Analysis, load factor analysis, electric flux analysis and the analysis of three-phase equilibrium degree; Power quality analysis module is used for realizing voltage out-of-limit statistics, the out-of-limit statistics of power factor and harmonic data statistics; Line loss analyzing module is used for realizing circuit line loss analyzing ,Tai district line loss analyzing, dividing potential drop line loss analyzing and line loss modelling.
Preferably, described operation maintenance management platform comprises role and authority management module, device management module and form center module.Wherein, role and authority management module are for carrying out differentiated control to system user; Device management module is for managing electric energy meter and intelligent electric power gateway concentratedly as the assets of electric company; Form center module is for setting up form center according to the requirement of the relevant low-voltage collecting meter reading work of electric company.
Compared with prior art, low-voltage collecting meter reading system of the present invention adopts intelligent electric power gateway to gather electric energy meter data, without using concentrator, control and management based on background management system, the data that gather are deposited in memory database in real time, and data in memory database and then proceeded to historical data base after preliminary treatment, take historical data base as basis, data are further arranged and are set up data warehouse, for use in supporting follow-up large data analysis, for example, to low-voltage customer, community, the data trend of region and power network line is analyzed, carry out respectively short-term, medium-term and long-term load prediction, power quantity predicting etc., thereby fill up electrical network and in public affairs, become the management default of part.Low-voltage collecting meter reading system of the present invention is by changing SNA, the adjustment background system of checking meter, change kilowatt meter recorder function and the mechanism of checking meter and improve check meter success rate and accuracy, and can reduce the workload of Installation and Debugging in early stage and later stage security maintenance, promote quality and the quality of electric energy service.
By following description also by reference to the accompanying drawings, it is more clear that the present invention will become, and these accompanying drawings are used for explaining embodiments of the invention.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the system block diagram of low-voltage collecting meter reading system one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the theory diagram of intelligent electric power gateway in low-voltage collecting meter reading system shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the theory diagram of background management system in low-voltage collecting meter reading system shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is the theory diagram of management of power use platform in background management system shown in Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is the theory diagram of power consumption control platform in background management system shown in Fig. 3.
Fig. 6 is the theory diagram of system monitoring platform in background management system shown in Fig. 3.
Fig. 7 is the theory diagram of electrical energy consumption analysis platform in background management system shown in Fig. 3.
Fig. 8 is the theory diagram of operation maintenance management platform in background management system shown in Fig. 3.
Fig. 9 has shown the network configuration of low-voltage collecting meter reading system shown in Fig. 1.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in embodiment is clearly and completely described, in accompanying drawing, similarly assembly label represents similar assembly.Obviously, below by the embodiment of description, be only the present invention part embodiment, rather than whole embodiment.Embodiment based in the present invention, those of ordinary skills, not making the every other embodiment obtaining under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Fig. 1 to Fig. 9 has shown an embodiment of low-voltage collecting meter reading system of the present invention.First, please refer to Fig. 1, the low-voltage collecting meter reading system of the present embodiment comprises a background management system 100 and a plurality of intelligent electric power gateway 200, each intelligent electric power gateway 200 is connected with a plurality of electric energy meters 300, for example, each building of Ke community arranges an intelligent electric power gateway 200, and all user's electric energy meters 300 of same storied building are all connected to the set a plurality of intelligent electric power gateways 200 in this intelligent electric power gateway 200，Er Gai community and all communicate with background management system 100.This background management system 100 is also linked into the existing background system 400 of electric company to facilitate the installment and debugging first of low-voltage collecting meter reading system of the present invention, but also set up data exchange platform 600 with the marketing system 500 of electric company, by this data exchange platform 600, can realize the data bi-directional synchronization between native system and electric company.
With reference to Fig. 2, the function class of the intelligent electric power gateway 200 of the present embodiment is similar to collector and the concentrator in conventional low centralized meter-reading system.The intelligent electric power gateway 200 of the present embodiment is realized by arm processor, it is integrated central processing unit (CPU) 210 and the program storage 220 being connected with this central processing unit 210, data storage 230, real-time clock 240, house dog 250, Ethernet interface 260 and RS-485 interface 270 hardware resource requirements when meeting equipment work, and in it, be provided with embedded software system, the attainable function of these software systems comprises: intelligent-induction algorithm, automatic network-building algorithm, stipulations management, data management and communication management etc.In the present embodiment, by described RS-485 interface 270, intelligent electric power gateway 200 is realized and being connected with a plurality of electric energy meters 300, the electric energy meter connecting can be single-phase electric energy meter or three-phase electric energy meter, and by described Ethernet interface 260, intelligent electric power gateway 200 can be connected to telecommunications broadband network or radio and television broadband network and carry out data communication with described background management system 100.
With reference to Fig. 3, the background management system 100 of the present embodiment comprises intelligent electric power gateway interface 110, the foreground 120 of checking meter, Database Systems 130, Integration application platform 140, the first system interface 150 and second system interface 160.This background management system 100 can be realized meter reading data is gathered, processes, analyzed and a series of work for the treatment of such as management, and its concrete structure and the principle of work and power are as follows:
Intelligent electric power gateway interface 110, for completing the interface operation to intelligent electric power gateway 200, gathers electric energy essential information (comprising power, electric weight etc.) on electric energy meter 300 with higher frequency acquisition.
The first system interface 150 is for accessing the existing centralized meter-reading system (background system) of electric company, low-voltage collecting meter reading system of the present invention adopts software virtual concentrator principle, according to the operation stipulations to concentrator in conventional low centralized meter-reading system, carry out, mode with software in conjunction with real-time internal memory database, complete the interface operation of the original background system of native system and electric company, the efficiency that improves native system access electric company existing system, reduces work on the spot amount, reduces error rate; Second system interface 160 is for completing the interface operation of the marketing system of native system and electric company, between native system and the marketing system of electric company, set up data exchange platform, the mode of employing intermediate database (data exchange platform) is obtained and is realized the synchronous data source of user base data, thereby realizes the bi-directional synchronization of data.
The Integration application platform 140(of the present embodiment is based on Internet) comprise data acquisition platform 141, management of power use platform 142, power consumption control platform 143, system monitoring platform 144, electrical energy consumption analysis platform 145 and operation maintenance management platform 146.This Integration application platform 140 is the core processing module of background management system 100, and its concrete function principle is as follows:
The data acquisition platform 141 of the present embodiment is for managing the high speed acquisition to electric energy meter 300 data, the data content gathering comprises the management of energy data, local communication state, the judgement of electric energy meter abnormal state, electric energy meter data exception etc., simultaneously, the unusual fluctuation of electric power meter end is carried out to automatic sensing, to comprising electrical energy meter fault, change table etc. and extremely manage, and in the mode of daily record, in historical data base 132, carry out record, and in several ways to operations such as operator on duty remind.
As shown in Figure 4, the management of power use platform 142 of the present embodiment comprise electric energy meter administration module 142a, the management of power use module 142g of the administration module 142b that checks meter, load management module 142c, electric network composition administration module 142d, line loss dynamic management module 142e, Power quality management module 142f and power consumer mobile platform.Wherein, electric energy meter administration module 142a is for managing the running status assessment that is related to data and electric energy meter 300 between basic data, electric energy meter 300 and the user of electric energy meter 300; Check meter administration module 142b for the process of checking meter being carried out to task setting (regulation is checked meter the cycle, with reasonable manner more, different acquisition object is carried out to the multicycle and gathers respectively), the process of checking meter being managed and strengthens by the mode of for example daily record, remote alarm the abnormal management intensity of checking meter; Load management module 142c is used for the data analysis of copying and accepting, relevant Real-time Load data are kept in load database immediately, particularly the critical data such as maximum demand manages, for the advanced analysis functions such as load control, Dynamic Load Forecasting provide Data support; Electric network composition administration module 142d expresses the Integral Thought of electric network composition for relying on concentrator before changing, on backstage, in the mode of " dilatory dragging ", set up the public structure that becomes distribution, for follow-up line loss analyzing and calculating provide data basis; Line loss dynamic management module 142e, for according to electric network composition, carries out dynamic monitoring and the management of line loss; Power quality management module 142f, for the mode with large period, carries out data acquisition and analysis to the quality of power supply of power supply, with regard to quality of power supply information such as end supply power voltage, harmonic waves, carries out dynamic monitoring and management, promotes power supply quality; The mode of the management of power use module 142g of power consumer mobile platform for adopting mobile network to go to bank, provides the information such as Spot Price, Real-time Load and real-time electric energy for power consumer.
As shown in Figure 5, the power consumption control platform 143 of the present embodiment comprises that power definite value control module 143a, electric weight definite value control module 143b, rate definite value control module 143c and control command forward control module 143d.Wherein, described power definite value control module 143a, for controlling principle according to the load of power supply department, carries out the control of power definite value to power consumer, by backstage monitor user ' power and control strategy, carry out remote control; Electric weight definite value control module 143b, for the fixing or interim power consumer for specific pre-payment, carries out electric weight definite value control (if necessary); Rate definite value control module 143c is for for rate change, or following step price carries out the support of technological layer, with backstage, issues (automatic or manual mode) mode, is that power consumer is shown dynamic electricity price information; Control command forwards control module 143d for according to the control command of the existing low-voltage collecting meter reading system of electric company, controls forwarding, sets up unobstructed control command down going channel, with the intact interface of existing low-voltage collecting meter reading system.
As shown in Figure 6, the system monitoring platform 144 of the present embodiment comprises time reference monitoring modular 144a, network communication monitoring modular 144b, state monitoring module 144c and data unusual fluctuation monitoring modular 144d, wherein, described time reference monitoring modular 144a is used for according to the control requirement of electric energy meter time error, the all devices of whole system is carried out to time reference management, introduce GPS(and also can adopt the Internet time, or the following Big Dipper that adopts) astronomical clock, while being no less than broadcast school once every day, operate, the error of guaranteeing the timestamp of all data is not more than 0.5s, network communication monitoring modular 144b is for monitoring the communication state of collection diddle-net network self, take electric energy meter as network end-point, take the collection diddle-net network that intelligent electric power gateway 200 and backstage PC be to form, it is the network of a high-speed cruising, therefore need to monitor the communication state of network self, prevent trouble before it happens, state monitoring module 144c is mainly used in gathering the various states that produce in electric energy meter, intelligent electric power gateway 200, data acquisition, data handling procedure, data unusual fluctuation is carried out to automatic synchronization, the abnormality that can not automatically process is informed to relevant operator on duty, system maintenance personnel in several ways, guarantee effective work of system, data unusual fluctuation monitoring modular 144d is used for for the unusual fluctuation from power supply management unit's marketing system power consumer data, automatic decision and examination are carried out in the unusual fluctuation of end electric energy meter state, take two-way mode and from bottom to top from top to bottom, carry out unusual fluctuation management, guarantee the data of background system and synchronizeing of other data bank.
As shown in Figure 7, the electrical energy consumption analysis platform 145 of the present embodiment comprises load Analysis module 145a, abnormal electrical energy consumption analysis module 145b, comprehensive electrical energy consumption analysis module 145c, power quality analysis module 145d and line loss analyzing module 145e.
Wherein, described load Analysis module 145a can be in distribution network according to different circuits, not on the same stage on the division basis of district and different lower management units, the load dynamic analysis of being correlated with, expansion is load Analysis centered by maximum demand, for line upkeep, upgrading etc. provides aid decision support, for load management provides Data support.
Described abnormal electrical energy consumption analysis module 145b has the functions such as metering and multiplexing electric abnormality monitoring, emphasis user monitoring and event handling and inquiry.Wherein, the implementation of metering and multiplexing electric abnormality monitoring comprises: by image data compare, statistical analysis finds multiplexing electric abnormality, for example, as the comparison of the image data comparison of same stoichiometric point different acquisition mode or real time data and historical data, find the multiplexing electric abnormalities such as power is overproof, electric flux is overproof, load over capacity, recording exceptional information; Or by field apparatus operating condition is monitored to find multiplexing electric abnormality, for example, detect metering cabinet door, TA/TV loop, table meter (electric energy meter) state etc., as note abnormalities, recording exceptional information, uses the historical data analysis electricity consumption rule collecting, and compares with current electricity consumption situation, analyze extremely recording exceptional information; If note abnormalities, start abnormality processing flow process, abnormal information is sent to relevant functional department by interface.Emphasis user monitoring function is to provide the tracking of electricity consumption situation, inquiry and analysis function to emphasis user, for example, can be by sort merge definition such as industry, capacity, electric pressure, electricity price classifications, the information of inquiry emphasis user or customer group; Query Information comprises historical and real-time load curve, electric flux curve, power quality data, floor data and anomalous event information etc.Event handling and query function refer to the common event or the critical event record that can regularly inquire about intelligent electric power gateway, and can store and print relevant form, it is specifically: according to system applies requirement, the alarm event of background system intelligent electric power gateway record is set to critical event and the common event, after background system receives request access from intelligent electric power gateway and requires, start immediately event enquiry module, gather end event, and immediately end event is processed.
Described comprehensive electrical energy consumption analysis module 145c can realize the functions such as load Analysis, load factor analysis, electric flux analysis and the analysis of three-phase equilibrium degree.Wherein, load Analysis is by classification objects such as region, industry, circuit, electric pressure, self-defined group, user, transformer capacities, mode with combination is analyzed the load in certain period, maximum and time of origin, minimum value and the time of origin of statistics load, load curve trend, and can carry out the comparison same period, to understand in time the situation of change of system loading; Load factor analysis is by the load factor in each time periods of statistical analysis such as region, industry, circuit, electric pressure, self-defined group, and can carry out trend analysis; Electric flux analysis is by classifications such as region, industry, circuit, electric pressure, self-defined group, users, with day, the moon, season, year or time period equal time dimension, the electric flux that system was gathered is carried out to combinatory analysis, piecewise analysis while comprising statistics electric flux inquiry, electric flux chain rate analysis on year-on-year basis, the analysis of electric flux peak valley, electric flux mutation analysis, user power utilization trend analysis and peak of power consumption, rank etc.; And the analysis of three-phase equilibrium degree is by phase line electric flux statistics, to determine three-phase equilibrium degree by analyzing affiliated user under distribution transformer three-phase load or platform district, and then suitably adjust the distribution of user's phase line, for optimizing distribution management, lay the foundation.
Power quality analysis module 145d, for realizing the functions such as voltage out-of-limit statistics, the out-of-limit statistics of power factor and harmonic data statistics.Wherein, voltage out-of-limit statistics is that the voltage of voltage monitoring point is carried out to classification analysis according to electric pressure, the rate of qualified voltage of statistic of classification voltage monitoring point, Voltage unbalance degree etc.; The out-of-limit statistics of power factor is the load character according to different user, and user is set to corresponding power factor segmentation definite value, and power factor is examined to statistical analysis; Power factor maximum, minimum value and excursion thereof in recording user fixed time section; Customer analysis statistics, exception record etc. exceed standard; Harmonic data statistics is by the voltage, the current harmonics limit value that arrange, the voltage harmonic of monitoring point, current harmonics to be analyzed, and records phase-splitting 2～19 subharmonic voltage containing ratios and resultant distortion rate day maximum and time of origin, the out-of-limit data of statistics phase-splitting harmonic wave.
Line loss analyzing module 145e, for realizing the functions such as circuit line loss analyzing ,Tai district line loss analyzing, dividing potential drop line loss analyzing and line loss modelling.Wherein, line loss analyzing is according to circuit examination unit amount of power supply and electricity sales amount, monthly adds up circuit line loss electric weight, line loss rate, this month line loss rate, season accumulative total line loss rate, year accumulative total line loss rate; Obtain circuit line loss planning index, calculate the difference value of actual line loss rate and planning index value; Platform district line loss analyzing is according to platform district examination unit amount of power supply and electricity sales amount, monthly adds up platform district line loss electric weight, this month line loss rate, season accumulative total line loss rate, year accumulative total line loss rate; Obtain platform district line losses indices, calculate the difference value of actual line loss rate and planning index value; Dividing potential drop line loss analyzing is by electric pressure, the line loss of hierarchical statistics circuit; Dividing potential drop line loss statistics mainly comprises high-pressure side line loss and low-pressure side line loss; Obtain each electric pressure line loss planning index, calculate the difference value of actual line loss rate and planning index value; Line loss modelling is according to the topological relation of distribution network and management unit, the examination unit of definition line loss statistics, and examination unit can be divided into examination unit, basis, combination examination unit, management unit's examination unit, dividing potential drop line loss examination unit.
With reference to Fig. 8, the operation maintenance management platform 146 of the present embodiment comprises role and authority management module 146a, device management module 146b and form center module 146c.Wherein, described role and authority management module 146a, for system user is carried out to differentiated control, can comprise user cipher setting and the right assignment of operating system, database, application program three parts; And can, according to service needed, according to the content that relates to of business, carry out password restrictions; The all operations person of login system will carry out identity and purview certification through authorizing, and uses systemic-function and the opereating specification of regulation according to authorization privilege.Described device management module 146b is for managing electric energy meter 300 and intelligent electric power gateway 200 concentratedly as the assets of power supply department, focus on data warehouse-in when newly-built, state registration during maintenance, the management such as data change during replacing.And described form center module 146c is for setting up form center according to the daily appraisal management way of power supply management department relevant low pressure centralized automatic meter-reading work, for every day, weekly, monthly etc. the manager of different time different operating responsibility in the cycle provides corresponding form, can show or print out.
Fig. 9 has shown the network configuration of low-voltage collecting meter reading system of the present invention.With reference to Fig. 9 and in conjunction with Fig. 1, low-voltage collecting meter reading system of the present invention can be based on telecommunications broadband network, adopt a wide-band exchange unit 710 can connect a plurality of intelligent electric power gateways 200 simultaneously, and an intelligent electric power gateway 200 can connect a plurality of user's electric energy meters 300 simultaneously, therefore, by intelligent electric power gateway 200 and wide-band exchange unit 710, a plurality of electric energy meters 300 can be connected to telecommunications broadband network, thereby communicate with the background management system 100 in low-voltage collecting meter reading system of the present invention; In like manner, low-voltage collecting meter reading system of the present invention also can be based on radio and television broadband network, a plurality of user's electric energy meters 300 also can be connected to radio and television broadband network by intelligent electric power gateway 200 and cable modem 720, thereby communicate with background management system 100.And for electric company's internal applications network 730, its a plurality of pc users 731 and background server 732 can be connected to the network platform and be communicated with background management system 100 of the present invention by switch 733.Therefore, based on low-voltage collecting meter reading system of the present invention, the pc user 731 of electric company inside can carry out centralized automatic meter-reading work, and can be according to obtained meter reading data, data trend to low-voltage customer, community, region and power network line is analyzed, carry out respectively short-term, medium-term and long-term load prediction, power quantity predicting, fill up electrical network and in public affairs, become the management default of part.In addition, outer net pc user 740 and outer net mobile terminal 750 can communicate by the background management system 100 in mobile wireless network and the present invention, thereby inquire about corresponding electric energy meter information.
As mentioned above, low-voltage collecting meter reading system tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
1. improve the success rate of checking meter: the present invention, by changing SNA, adjusts the background system of checking meter, change kilowatt meter recorder function and the mechanism of checking meter, thereby promote the success rate of checking meter.
2. automatic sensing data change; guarantee that basic data is accurate: based on data exchange platform and system monitoring platform, realize the automatic sensing that data changes; it is divided into up perception (be native system with electric company marketing system keep synchronizeing) and descending perception (data of electric energy meter unusual fluctuation that is native system and system end is synchronous); guarantee the synchronism of unusual fluctuation between basic data and meter reading data; guarantee the accuracy of basic data in the link of checking meter, thereby greatly reduce the data error causing due to basic data change.
3. simplify system Installation and Debugging process: between table meter (electric energy meter) and intelligent electric power gateway, adopt ad hoc network, improve the operating efficiency of site installation test.Meanwhile, owing to having realized the automatic sensing function of system unusual fluctuation, greatly reduce human resources expenditure and the time expenditure of system Installation and Debugging first and system maintenance afterwards (changing table handling), promote the service quality of electric company.
4. based on Data Tendency Forecast Based analytical technology, promote quality and the quality of electric energy service: the accurate meter reading data based on gathered, electrical energy consumption analysis platform in system can be realized low-voltage customer, community, the data trend of region and power network line is analyzed, carry out respectively short-term, medium-term and long-term load prediction, power quantity predicting, fill up electrical network and in public affairs, become the management default of part.
5. the construction based on data warehouse, support large data analysis: the Database Systems that adopt multitype database, take memory database (real-time data base) as basis, for example, with the fixed cycle (take minute as the cycle), gather the relevant energy information of low-voltage customer, initial data in memory database is carried out to preliminary treatment, proceed to historical data base; Take historical data base as basis, data are carried out to " cleaning ", " arrangement ", set up data warehouse, for supporting following large data analysis, for example, data relationship between power consumption, power supply quality and region, weather, resident's classification, provides aid decision support for promoting electric energy service quality.
6. support the client of multiple mobile platform: as electric company, all the time use conventional personal computer (PC) as daily groundwork instrument, and because the electronics mobile terminal of current non-PC more and more becomes information consumption main carriers, native system is except supporting PC, can support common smart mobile phone, Intelligent flat, supports the mobile terminals such as common Android, WindowsMobile and Apple, enriches Utilities Electric Co.'s leading subscriber and resident's power information mode.
Invention has been described for above combination most preferred embodiment, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiment of above announcement, and should contain the various modifications of carrying out according to essence of the present invention, equivalent combinations.
Claims (10)
1. a low-voltage collecting meter reading system, it is characterized in that: comprise a background management system and at least one intelligent electric power gateway, described intelligent electric power gateway is connected with a plurality of electric energy meters and communicates by network and background management system, and wherein, described background management system comprises:
Intelligent electric power gateway interface, for completing the interface operation to described intelligent electric power gateway, to gather the electric energy essential information on electric energy meter;
The foreground of checking meter, for completing the data acquisition to described intelligent electric power gateway;
Database Systems, comprise memory database, historical data base and basic data database three parts, wherein, the data that described memory database is sent here by the described foreground of checking meter for store and management, described historical data base carries out store and management for after adopting relational database that the data of memory database are processed; Described basic data database is for fundamentals of management data, and described basic information comprises power consumer data, electric energy meter data and collection network data;
Integration application platform, for managing, analyze and process the intrasystem data of database.
2. low-voltage collecting meter reading system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described background management system also comprises:
The first system interface, for accessing the existing centralized meter-reading system of electric company;
Second system interface, for the marketing system that accesses electric company to realize the bi-directional synchronization of data between low-voltage collecting meter reading system and marketing system.
3. low-voltage collecting meter reading system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described intelligent electric power gateway comprises central processing unit and the Ethernet interface being connected with this central processing unit and RS-485 interface, described electric power gateway is connected with described electric energy meter by described RS-485 interface, and described electric power gateway is connected to telecommunications broadband network or radio and television broadband network and is communicated with described background management system by described Ethernet interface.
4. low-voltage collecting meter reading system as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: described intelligent electric power gateway also comprises central processing unit and the program storage being connected with this central processing unit, data storage, real-time clock and house dog.
5. the low-voltage collecting meter reading system as described in claim 1-4 any one, it is characterized in that, described background management system comprises: data acquisition platform, management of power use platform, power consumption control platform, system monitoring platform, electrical energy consumption analysis platform and operation maintenance management platform.
6. low-voltage collecting meter reading system as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, described management of power use platform comprises:
Electric energy meter administration module, for managing the running status assessment that is related to data and electric energy meter between basic data, electric energy meter and the user of electric energy meter;
The administration module of checking meter, for managing the process of checking meter;
Load management module, analyzes for the foreground the data obtained of checking meter, and relevant Real-time Load data are kept in Database Systems immediately;
Electric network composition administration module, for setting up the public structure that becomes distribution, for follow-up line loss analyzing and calculating provide data basis;
Line loss dynamic management module, for carrying out dynamic monitoring and the management of line loss;
Power quality management module, for the quality of power supply of power supply is carried out to data acquisition and analysis, carries out dynamic monitoring and management to the quality of power supply information of system end;
The management of power use module of power consumer mobile platform, for the mode going to bank with mobile network, for power consumer provides the information relevant to Spot Price, Real-time Load and real-time electric energy.
7. low-voltage collecting meter reading system as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, described power consumption control platform comprises:
Power definite value control module, for carrying out the control of power definite value to power consumer;
Electric weight definite value control module, carries out the control of electric weight definite value for the fixing or interim power consumer for specific pre-payment;
Rate definite value control module, is used to power consumer to show dynamic electricity price information;
Control command forwards control module, for according to the control command of the existing centralized meter-reading system of electric company, controls forwarding, sets up unobstructed control command down going channel, with the intact interface of existing low-voltage collecting meter reading system.
8. low-voltage collecting meter reading system as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, described system monitoring platform comprises:
Time reference monitoring modular, for carrying out time reference management to all devices of whole system;
Network communication monitoring modular, for monitoring the communication state of the network of whole system self;
State monitoring module, the various states that produced at work for gathering electric energy meter, intelligent electric power gateway and background management system;
Data unusual fluctuation monitoring modular, carries out automatic decision and examination for the unusual fluctuation of the electric energy meter state of the unusual fluctuation to from power supply management unit's marketing system power consumer data and system end.
9. low-voltage collecting meter reading system as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, described electrical energy consumption analysis platform comprises:
Load Analysis module, for according to different circuits, the division of district and different lower management units basis on the same stage, the load dynamic analysis of being correlated with and provide Data support for load management;
Abnormal electrical energy consumption analysis module, for providing metering and multiplexing electric abnormality monitoring, emphasis user monitoring and event handling and query function;
Comprehensive electrical energy consumption analysis module, for realizing load Analysis, load factor analysis, electric flux analysis and the analysis of three-phase equilibrium degree;
Power quality analysis module, for realizing voltage out-of-limit statistics, the out-of-limit statistics of power factor and harmonic data statistics;
Line loss analyzing module, for realizing circuit line loss analyzing ,Tai district line loss analyzing, dividing potential drop line loss analyzing and line loss modelling.
10. low-voltage collecting meter reading system as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, described operation maintenance management platform comprises:
Role and authority management module, for carrying out differentiated control to system user;
Device management module, for managing electric energy meter and intelligent electric power gateway concentratedly as the assets of electric company;
Form center module, for setting up form center according to the requirement of the relevant low-voltage collecting meter reading work of electric company.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310534739.6A CN103580284B (en) | 2013-10-31 | 2013-10-31 | Low-voltage collecting meter reading system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310534739.6A CN103580284B (en) | 2013-10-31 | 2013-10-31 | Low-voltage collecting meter reading system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103580284A true CN103580284A (en) | 2014-02-12 |
| CN103580284B CN103580284B (en) | 2016-06-29 |
Family
ID=50051466
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310534739.6A Expired - Fee Related CN103580284B (en) | 2013-10-31 | 2013-10-31 | Low-voltage collecting meter reading system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN103580284B (en) |
Cited By (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104021135A (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2014-09-03 | 上海君世电气科技有限公司 | Backstage management system of GPS positioning meter reading system |
| CN104601396A (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2015-05-06 | 国家电网公司 | Power grid data monitoring method and device |
| CN105320085A (en) * | 2014-06-25 | 2016-02-10 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Method, apparatus and system for acquiring industrial automation data |
| CN105354268A (en) * | 2015-10-27 | 2016-02-24 | 国网山东省电力公司济南供电公司 | Meter reading data management system |
| CN105512154A (en) * | 2014-10-20 | 2016-04-20 | 国家电网公司 | Method and system for environmental-protection data collection based on embedded database |
| CN105654700A (en) * | 2016-03-26 | 2016-06-08 | 成都秦川科技发展有限公司 | Many-to-many Internet of Things intelligent water meter system used for intelligent city system |
| CN105678997A (en) * | 2016-03-26 | 2016-06-15 | 成都秦川科技发展有限公司 | Internet of Things intelligent gas meter system based on smart city system |
| CN106154082A (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2016-11-23 | 北京智芯微电子科技有限公司 | A kind of intelligent measure harvester of part throttle characteristics on-line analysis |
| CN106210107A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-12-07 | 深圳市菲明格科技有限公司 | Animal heat acquisition method and system |
| CN106443168A (en) * | 2016-09-27 | 2017-02-22 | 国网山东省电力公司济南供电公司 | Remote acquisition meter reading data analysis system |
| CN108197920A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-06-22 | 福州信诺通信息技术有限公司 | A kind of gas meter reading method for detecting abnormality and storage medium |
| CN108376988A (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2018-08-07 | 辰昊电力设备（深圳）有限公司 | A method of administering public change taiwan area three-phase load unbalance |
| CN109001547A (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2018-12-14 | 广东电网有限责任公司佛山供电局 | A kind of power distribution voltage imbalance judgment method based on metering centralized meter reading terminal data |
| CN109001548A (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2018-12-14 | 广东电网有限责任公司佛山供电局 | A kind of distribution transforming current imbalance judgment method based on metering centralized meter reading terminal data |
| CN109709391A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-05-03 | 江苏盛德电子仪表有限公司 | A kind of intelligent electric meter and its communication system with high speed carrier communication module |
| CN110675283A (en) * | 2019-10-10 | 2020-01-10 | 国网山东省电力公司泰安供电公司 | Power distribution equipment synchronous management system and method |
| CN110907719A (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2020-03-24 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | Low-voltage line subsection line loss real-time monitoring device and method |
| CN111047075A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-04-21 | 广东卓维网络有限公司 | Method for inquiring and counting electric quantity data |
| CN111339474A (en) * | 2020-02-17 | 2020-06-26 | 山东大学 | Comprehensive energy system prediction operation method based on trend prediction analysis method |
| CN111459534A (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2020-07-28 | 杭州明特科技有限公司 | Application system architecture of energy information gateway |
| CN111695867A (en) * | 2020-04-13 | 2020-09-22 | 国网浙江杭州市富阳区供电有限公司 | Method for power consumption management of standard power supply main body |
| CN113158931A (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2021-07-23 | 河南能创电子科技有限公司 | Low-voltage centralized reading, operation and maintenance implementation method based on AI intelligent face recognition technology |
| CN113655432A (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2021-11-16 | 国网上海市电力公司 | Automatic identification and comparison method and system for intelligent metering electric energy meter |
| CN115099650A (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2022-09-23 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司镇江供电分公司 | Meter reading error monitoring method and system based on meter reading error risk model |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101236693A (en) * | 2007-02-01 | 2008-08-06 | 上海久隆电力（集团）有限公司 | Intelligent meter reading system |
| KR101142220B1 (en) * | 2010-10-27 | 2012-05-04 | 엘에스산전 주식회사 | Home electricity energy management apparatus and integrated electricity energy management system using the same apparatus |
-
2013
- 2013-10-31 CN CN201310534739.6A patent/CN103580284B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101236693A (en) * | 2007-02-01 | 2008-08-06 | 上海久隆电力（集团）有限公司 | Intelligent meter reading system |
| KR101142220B1 (en) * | 2010-10-27 | 2012-05-04 | 엘에스산전 주식회사 | Home electricity energy management apparatus and integrated electricity energy management system using the same apparatus |
Cited By (29)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104021135A (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2014-09-03 | 上海君世电气科技有限公司 | Backstage management system of GPS positioning meter reading system |
| CN105320085A (en) * | 2014-06-25 | 2016-02-10 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Method, apparatus and system for acquiring industrial automation data |
| CN105320085B (en) * | 2014-06-25 | 2019-10-25 | 南京中兴软件有限责任公司 | The acquisition method and device of industrial automation data, system |
| CN105512154A (en) * | 2014-10-20 | 2016-04-20 | 国家电网公司 | Method and system for environmental-protection data collection based on embedded database |
| CN104601396B (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2018-06-01 | 国家电网公司 | Electric network data monitoring method and device |
| CN104601396A (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2015-05-06 | 国家电网公司 | Power grid data monitoring method and device |
| CN105354268A (en) * | 2015-10-27 | 2016-02-24 | 国网山东省电力公司济南供电公司 | Meter reading data management system |
| CN105354268B (en) * | 2015-10-27 | 2018-12-28 | 国网山东省电力公司济南供电公司 | A kind of meter reading data management system |
| CN105678997A (en) * | 2016-03-26 | 2016-06-15 | 成都秦川科技发展有限公司 | Internet of Things intelligent gas meter system based on smart city system |
| CN105654700A (en) * | 2016-03-26 | 2016-06-08 | 成都秦川科技发展有限公司 | Many-to-many Internet of Things intelligent water meter system used for intelligent city system |
| CN106154082A (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2016-11-23 | 北京智芯微电子科技有限公司 | A kind of intelligent measure harvester of part throttle characteristics on-line analysis |
| CN106210107A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-12-07 | 深圳市菲明格科技有限公司 | Animal heat acquisition method and system |
| CN106210107B (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2019-12-17 | 深圳市菲明格科技有限公司 | Animal body temperature acquisition method and system |
| CN106443168A (en) * | 2016-09-27 | 2017-02-22 | 国网山东省电力公司济南供电公司 | Remote acquisition meter reading data analysis system |
| CN109001548A (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2018-12-14 | 广东电网有限责任公司佛山供电局 | A kind of distribution transforming current imbalance judgment method based on metering centralized meter reading terminal data |
| CN109001547A (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2018-12-14 | 广东电网有限责任公司佛山供电局 | A kind of power distribution voltage imbalance judgment method based on metering centralized meter reading terminal data |
| CN108197920A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-06-22 | 福州信诺通信息技术有限公司 | A kind of gas meter reading method for detecting abnormality and storage medium |
| CN108376988A (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2018-08-07 | 辰昊电力设备（深圳）有限公司 | A method of administering public change taiwan area three-phase load unbalance |
| CN109709391A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-05-03 | 江苏盛德电子仪表有限公司 | A kind of intelligent electric meter and its communication system with high speed carrier communication module |
| CN111459534A (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2020-07-28 | 杭州明特科技有限公司 | Application system architecture of energy information gateway |
| CN110675283A (en) * | 2019-10-10 | 2020-01-10 | 国网山东省电力公司泰安供电公司 | Power distribution equipment synchronous management system and method |
| CN110907719A (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2020-03-24 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | Low-voltage line subsection line loss real-time monitoring device and method |
| CN111047075A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-04-21 | 广东卓维网络有限公司 | Method for inquiring and counting electric quantity data |
| CN111339474A (en) * | 2020-02-17 | 2020-06-26 | 山东大学 | Comprehensive energy system prediction operation method based on trend prediction analysis method |
| CN111339474B (en) * | 2020-02-17 | 2022-02-08 | 山东大学 | Comprehensive energy system prediction operation method based on trend prediction analysis method |
| CN111695867A (en) * | 2020-04-13 | 2020-09-22 | 国网浙江杭州市富阳区供电有限公司 | Method for power consumption management of standard power supply main body |
| CN113158931A (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2021-07-23 | 河南能创电子科技有限公司 | Low-voltage centralized reading, operation and maintenance implementation method based on AI intelligent face recognition technology |
| CN113655432A (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2021-11-16 | 国网上海市电力公司 | Automatic identification and comparison method and system for intelligent metering electric energy meter |
| CN115099650A (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2022-09-23 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司镇江供电分公司 | Meter reading error monitoring method and system based on meter reading error risk model |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103580284B (en) | 2016-06-29 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103580284B (en) | Low-voltage collecting meter reading system | |
| JP5616330B2 (en) | Method and system for managing a power grid | |
| JP5932668B2 (en) | Utility grid command filter system | |
| CN106203890B (en) | Battalion's auxiliary tone integration data modeling method based on CIM | |
| CN102855525B (en) | A kind of resident's load prediction analytic system and method | |
| CN102722764A (en) | Integrated power grid optimization auxiliary decision analysis system | |
| CN102938098A (en) | Power grid operation manner expert system | |
| CN108052634A (en) | A kind of power grid production control great Qu and the integrated approach of asset management great Qu multi information systems | |
| CN103366311A (en) | Data fusion processing method based on transformer substation multi-system | |
| CN110346661B (en) | Method and system for automatically inspecting abnormal user voltage | |
| CN201548615U (en) | Distribution line network theoretical line loss real-time statistical analysis system | |
| CN102684307B (en) | Information intelligent layering and propelling method for comprehensively and automatically monitoring centralized control station and transformer substation | |
| CN108256770A (en) | Photo-voltaic power generation station O＆M managing and control system based on mobile application | |
| CN102035210A (en) | Relaxative-constraint powerless equipment optimization method for power system | |
| CN109298698A (en) | A kind of Energy Consumption of Public Buildings full-automation monitoring system | |
| CN109217311A (en) | A kind of control of distribution Running State and evaluation method | |
| AU2015230786B2 (en) | Method and system for managing a power grid | |
| Tong et al. | IoT-Based Low-Voltage Power Distribution System Management and Control Platform | |
| CN104701975A (en) | Integrated monitoring system for low-voltage power distribution | |
| Efkarpidis et al. | Smart metering applications: main concepts and business models | |
| Lu et al. | Research on Comprehensive Evaluation Method of Reconstruction Plan of Distribution Area Based on Ubiquitous Power Internet of Things | |
| CN115940413A (en) | Virtual high in clouds measurement terminal of electric wire netting based on degree of depth analysis | |
| Capuder et al. | Timeframe for strategy of modernizing Croatian distribution network SCADA | |
| Bošnjak et al. | ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY AS A KEY ASPECT OF SMART UNIVERSITY | |
| Kivipõld et al. | Overview of information and communication issues for smart grid solutions |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20160629 Termination date: 20191031 |
|
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |