CN103579612B - A kind of preparation method mixing gadolinium spinel lithium-rich lithium manganate cathode material - Google Patents

A kind of preparation method mixing gadolinium spinel lithium-rich lithium manganate cathode material Download PDF

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CN103579612B
CN103579612B CN201310624616.1A CN201310624616A CN103579612B CN 103579612 B CN103579612 B CN 103579612B CN 201310624616 A CN201310624616 A CN 201310624616A CN 103579612 B CN103579612 B CN 103579612B
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lithium
gadolinium
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preparation
manganese
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CN103579612A (en
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童庆松
姜祥祥
黄能贵
李秀华
蔡斌
潘国涛
刘灿培
陈顺玉
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Fujian Normal University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
    • H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method mixing gadolinium spinel lithium-rich lithium manganate cathode material, it is characterized in that according to the mol ratio according to lithium, manganese, gadolinium ion be (0.95≤x≤1.06): (1.05≤y≤1.25): (0.05≤z≤0.25) takes corresponding compound respectively.By the compound taken, add wet grinding media and obtain predecessor 1.Predecessor 2 is prepared in predecessor 1 drying.Predecessor 2 is mixed gadolinium spinel lithium-rich lithium manganate cathode material with double sintering legal system is standby.Cost of material of the present invention is lower, and the charge-discharge performance of sample is significantly improved, for industrialization is laid a good foundation.

Description

A kind of preparation method mixing gadolinium spinel lithium-rich lithium manganate cathode material
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field prepared by battery electrode material, be specifically related to a kind of preparation method that can be used for the spinel lithium-rich lithium manganate cathode material of lithium battery, lithium ion battery, polymer battery and ultracapacitor.
Technical background
Lithium ion battery has that cell voltage is high, energy density is high, memory-less effect, have extended cycle life, the advantage such as self discharge is low, the performance of performance to lithium ion battery of positive electrode plays a part decision.
The advantages such as it is low that manganese-based anode material has price, green non-pollution are the research emphasis of lithium ion battery.In manganese-based anode material, that studies more has spinelle LiMn 2o 4, stratiform LiMnO 2with layed solid-solution positive electrode.Wherein, stratiform LiMnO 2the less stable of structure when discharge and recharge, studies seldom at present.Spinelle LiMn 2o 4can play a role at 4V and 3V two voltage ranges.For 4V district, with lithium ion in the embedding of the tetrahedron 8a position of spinel structure with deviate from relevant; For 3V district, with lithium ion in the embedding of the octahedra 16c position of spinel structure with deviate from relevant.Lithium ion the tetrahedral site of spinel structure embedding and deviate from the significant change that can not cause sample structure.But, when the discharge and recharge degree of depth is excessive, owing to there is the John-Teller distortion effect of lithium ion, embed in octahedron and deviate from lithium ion sample structure can be caused by cube becoming four directions, discharge capacity rapid decay.Therefore, spinelle LiMn is suppressed 2o 4john-Teller distortion be the key improving its charge-discharge performance.In addition, LiMn 2o 4middle manganese can be dissolved in electrolyte, and during discharge and recharge, the decomposition of electrolyte also may affect the cycle performance of electrode material at higher voltages.
At Li 4mn 5o 12charge and discharge process in, the deintercalation of lithium ion reaction mainly occurs in 3V district, and its theoretical discharge capacity can reach 163mAh/g.With spinelle LiMn 2o 4the 148mAh/g of theoretical capacity compares and significantly improves, and has the possibility becoming the outstanding positive electrode in 3V district.In this material charge and discharge process, structure cell expansion rate is less, has the advantages such as cycle performance is outstanding.But, Li 4mn 5o 12thermal stability bad.Li under high temperature 1+ymn 2-yo 4(y<0.33) easily LiMn is decomposed into 2o 4and Li 2mnO 3[ManthiramA., etal., Ceram.Trans, 1998,92:291-302.], makes Li 4mn 5o 12prepared by very difficult conventional method.Have studied multiple synthetic method, attempted to obtain more desirable preparation method.Comprise solid sintering technology, sol-gal process, hydro thermal method and microwave sintering method etc.
Solid sintering technology is the compound of compound by lithium and manganese, sintering preparation under aerobic or oxygen free condition.Takada etc. [TakadaT., J.SolidStateChem., 1997,130:74-80.] are by lithium salts (LiNO 3, Li 2cO 3, Li (CH 3) and manganese compound (MnCO COO) 3, Mn (NO 3) 2, Mn 2o 3and MnO 2) mixing, obtain Li 500 DEG C of-800 DEG C of temperature ranges 4mn 5o 12.[KangS.H., etal., the Electrochem.Solid-StateLett. such as Kang, 2000,3 (12): 536-639.] and [FumioS., the etal. such as Fumio, J.PowerSources, 1997,68 (2): 609-612.] first dry LiOHH 2o and Mn (Ac) 24H 2the mixed solution of O, then in 500 DEG C of obtained Li [Li of sintering ymn 2-y] O 4.Li [the Li that they prepare ymn 2-y] O 4the discharge capacity of sample in 3V district is 115-126mAh/g.In oxygen atmosphere, Takada etc. [TakadaT., etal., J.PowerSources, 1997,68:613-617.] find, 500 DEG C of sintering CH 3cOOLi and Mn (NO 3) 2the product that obtains of fused mass be 135mAh/g in the discharge capacity of the 1st circulation.When Shin etc. [ShinY., etal., Electrochim.Acta, 2003,48 (24): 3583 – 3592.] think that sintering temperature is lower than 500 DEG C, Mn 3+amount increase discharge capacity is increased.[KajiyamaA., etal., J.JapanSoc.Powder & PowderMetallurgy, 2000,47 (11): 1139-1143 such as Kajiyama; NakamuraT.etal., SolidStateIonics, 1999,25:167-168.] by LiOHH 2o and γ-Mn 2o 3mixing, they find, the Li prepared in oxygen atmosphere 4mn 5o 12chemical property better than what prepare at air atmosphere.Xu Meihuas etc. [XuM.H., etal., J.Phys.Chem, 2010,114 (39): 16143 – 16147.] and Tian etc. [TianY., etal., Chem.Commun., 2007:2072 – 2074.] are by MnSO 4add LiNO 3and NaNO 3fuse salt in, can nanometer Li be obtained 470 DEG C of-480 DEG C of temperature ranges 4mn 5o 12.Nano wire Li prepared by Tian etc. [TianY., etal., Chem.Commun., 2007:2072 – 2074.] 4mn 5o 12154.3mAh/g and 140mAh/g is respectively in (under 0.2C multiplying power electric current) the 1st circulation and the 30th discharge capacity circulated.Thackeray etc. [ThackerayM.M, etal., J.SolidStateChem., 1996,125:274-277.; MichaelM., etal., AmericanCeram.Soc.Bull, 1999,82 (12): 3347-3354.] by LiOHH 2o and γ-MnO 2mixing, 600 DEG C of sintering can obtain Li 4mn 5o 12.Yang etc. [YangX., etal., J.SolidStateChem., 2000,10:1903-1909.] are by γ-MnO 2or β-MnO 2or the LiNO of barium manganese ore or acid birnessite and melting 3mixing, can obtain Li at 400 DEG C 1.33mn 1.67o 4.Liu Cong [Liu Cong. the synthesis and property [D] of lithium ion battery mangaic acid lithium cathode material. Guangdong: South China Normal University, 2009.] first by LiOHH 2o and electrolysis MnO 2mix in absolute ethyl alcohol, in 450 DEG C of sintering in air atmosphere, then ball milling obtains sample in ethanol.The most high discharge capacity of the sample that they prepare is 161.1mAh/g, and the discharge capacity of the 30th circulation is higher than 120mAh/g.
Kim etc. [KimJ., etal., J.Electrochem.Soc, 1998,145 (4): 53-55.] are at LiOH and Mn (CH 3cOO) 2mixed solution in add Li 2o 2, first obtained Li xmn yo znH 2o, then obtain Li through filtration, washing, drying and solid-phase sintering 4mn 5o 12.They find, the initial discharge capacity of the sample of 500 DEG C of preparations is 153mAh/g, and the capacity attenuation rate of 40 circulations is 2%.Manthiram etc. [ManthiramA., etal., J.Chem.Mater, 1998,10 (10): 2895-2909.] research shows, in LiOH solution, and Li 2o 2initial oxidation [Mn (H 2o) 6] 2+, then through 400 DEG C of sintering, the Li of preparation 4mn 5o 12the 1st circulation discharge capacity be 160mAh/g.
In order to improve solid sintering technology process conditions, double sintering method is used to preparation process.Li righteous armies etc. [Li righteous army etc., non-ferrous metal, 2007,59 (3): 25-29.] are by LiOH, Mn (C 2o 4) 2and H 2c 2o 4mixture be placed in air atmosphere, prepare micron Li at 350 DEG C and 500 DEG C of sintering respectively 4mn 5o 12.The sample of preparation is 151mAh/g in the discharge capacity of the 1st circulation.[GaoJ., etal., Appl.Phys.Lett., 1995,66 (19): 2487-2489. such as Gao; GaoJ., etal., J.Electrochem.Soc., 1996,143 (6): 1783-1788.] adopt two step heatings to prepare spinelle Li 1+xmn 2-xo 4x(0<x≤0.2).Robertson etc. [RobertsonA.D., etal., J.PowerSources, 2001,97-97:332-335.] are at Mn (CH 3cOO) 24H 2li is mixed in O solution 2cO 3, dry acquisition precursor.Li has been prepared respectively at 250 DEG C and 300-395 DEG C of sintering 4mn 5o 12.Sample the 1st circulates and the discharge capacity of the 50th circulation is respectively 175mAh/g and 120mAh/g.Wang etc. [WangG.X., etal., J.PowerSources, 1998,74 (2): 198-201.] have synthesized Li at 380 DEG C 4mn 5o 12.Xia [XiaY.Y., etal., J.PowerSources, 1996,63 (1): 97-102.] etc., by injection method, obtain sample at 260 DEG C of direct sinterings.Under C/3 electric current, the discharge capacity first of this sample is 80mAh/g.
More than research shows, solid sintering technology prepares Li 4mn 5o 12need at pure O 2or carry out in air atmosphere.The shortcoming of this method comprise the composition of synthetic product and particle size distribution difference large, the capacity attenuation rate of sample charge and discharge cycles is high, and heavy-current discharge performance is not good, and high temperature cyclic performance is more undesirable.
In order to improve the uniformity of sample, reduce the granularity of sample particle, sol-gal process is used to prepare Li 4mn 5o 12[HaoY.J., etal., J.SolidStateElectrochem., 2009,13:905 – 912; Meng Lili etc., inorganic chemicals industry, 2009,46 (5): 37-39; ChuH.Y., etal., J.Appl.Electrochem, 2009,39:2007-2013.].Open [a meeting feelings etc., battery, 2004,34 (3): 176-177.] such as meeting feelings by LiOH2H 2o, Mn (CH 3cOO) 24H 2the mixture of O and citric acid is respectively at 300 DEG C and 500 DEG C of obtained micron spinelle Li of sintering 4mn 5o 12.
In order to improve the uniformity of sample, reduce the granularity of sample particle, reduce sintering temperature, hydro thermal method is also used to preparation process.Zhang [ZhangY.C., etal., Mater.Res.Bull., 2002,37 (8): 1411-1417.; Zhang Yongcai. hydro-thermal and solvent-thermal process metastable phase functional material are studied [D]. Beijing: Beijing University of Technology, 2003.; ZhangY.C., etal., J.SolidStateIonics, 2003,158 (1): 113-117.] etc. first by H 2o 2, LiOH and Mn (NO 3) 2the obtained fibrous presoma Li of mixed solution reaction xmn yo znH 2o, then react obtained nanometer Li with LiOH solution low-temperature hydrothermal 4mn 5o 12.Generation superfine [generation is superfine. a kind of synthesis Li 4mn 5o 12method [P] .CN201010033605.2 of sub-micrometer rod, applying date 2010.01.04.] by MnSO 4h 2o, KMnO 4first obtain sub-micron MnOOH with the mixture of softex kw 140 DEG C-180 DEG C temperature range hydro-thermal reactions, then be mixed into LiOHH 2o, finally in 500 DEG C of-900 DEG C of obtained Li 4mn 5o 12.Sun Shuying etc. [Sun Shuying etc., inorganic material Leader, 2010,25 (6): 626-630.] by hydro-thermal reaction, by MnSO 4h 2o and (NH 4) 2s 2o 8obtained nanometer β-MnO 2, be mixed into LiNO 3after again by the obtained Li of low-temperature solid-phase method reaction 4mn 5o 12.
Because microwave sintering method has sintering velocity soon, the advantages such as sintering process is easy, the method that microwave sintering method or solid-phase sintering-microwave sintering combine is used to synthesize LiMn 2o 4.Ahniyaz etc. [AhniyazA., etal., J.Eng.Mater.Technol., 2004,264-268:133-136.] are by γ-MnOOH, LiOH and H 2o 2mixture synthesized LiMn by microwave sintering method 2o 4.Tong Qingsong seminar is with LiOH and Mn (CH 3cOO) 2for raw material [Lin Suying etc., Fujian chemical industry, 2004,2:1-4.; Tong Qingsong etc., electrochemistry, 2005,11 (4): 435-439.] or with LiOH and MnC 2o 4for raw material [Tong Qingsong etc., Fujian Normal University's journal, 2006,22 (1): 60-63.], with disodium EDTA (EDTA) and citric acid for complexing agent, adopt microwave-solid phase double sintering method, prepared spinelle Li at 380 DEG C 3.22na 0.569mn 5.78o 12sample or Li 4mn 5o 12positive electrode.Research shows, at 4.5-2.5V voltage range, and the Li of preparation 3.22na 0.569mn 5.78o 12sample is 132mAh/g in the discharge capacity of the 1st circulation, and the capacity attenuation rate of 100 circulations is 6.8%.Through 4 months deposit, this sample initial discharge capacity was 122mAh/g, and the capacity attenuation rate of 100 circulations is 17.4%.
Guo Junming etc. [Guo Junming etc., functional material, 2006,37:485-488.] for raw material, make fuel with urea with lithium nitrate and manganese nitrate (or with lithium acetate and manganese acetate), adopt liquid-phase combustion legal system to obtain Li 4mn 5o 12.They find, the Li of acetate system synthesis 4mn 5o 12the height that synthesizes compared with nitrate system of thing phase purity.Kim etc. [KimH.U., etal., Phys.Scr, 2010,139:1-6.] find, with by liquid phase synthesis approach in 400 DEG C sintering samples with micro-Mn 2o 3.Under 1C multiplying power electric current, the discharge capacity that sample the 1st circulates is 44.2mAh/g.Zhao etc. [ZhaoY., etal., Electrochem.Solid-StateLett., 2010,14:1509 – 1513.] adopt water-in-oil microemulsion method to synthesize nano spinel Li 4mn 5o 12.
Due to spinelle Li prepared by said method 4mn 5o 12in charge and discharge process, structural stability is not high, there is the problems such as discharge performance under low temperature discharge, high temperature circulation and big current is poor.Adopt Surface coating, added high polymer, Doped anions or cationic method carried out modification.
In order to improve Li 4mn 5o 12cycle performance, Liu Cong [Liu Cong, the synthesis and property of lithium ion battery mangaic acid lithium cathode material, South China Normal University's academic dissertation, 2009.] polyvinylpyrrolidonesolution solution is mixed with 450 DEG C of predecessors prepared, respectively through oxygen atmosphere process at hydro-thermal K cryogenic treatment, vacuum treatment, drying and 100 DEG C, obtained Li 4mn 5o 12.Research shows, under 0.5C multiplying power electric current, sample is respectively 137mAh/g and 126mAh/g in the discharge capacity of the 1st circulation and the 50th circulation.
In order to improve spinelle Li further 4mn 5o 12performance, adopted cation and anion doped method to improve the performance of sample.Zhang etc. [ZhangD.B., etal., J.PowerSources, 1998,76:81-90.] are with CrO 2.65, Li (OH) H 2o and MnO 2for raw material, respectively at 300 DEG C and 450 DEG C of sintering in oxygen atmosphere, prepare Li 4cr ymn 5-yo 12(y=0,0.3,0.9,1.5,2.1).Research shows, at 0.25mA/cm 2under electric current, Li 4cr 1.5mn 3.5o 12sample is respectively 170mAh/g and 152Ah/g in the discharge capacity of the 1st circulation and the 100th circulation.Robertson etc. [RobertsonA.D., etal., J.PowerSources, 2001,97-97:332-335.] are at Mn (CH 3cOO) 24H 2o and Co (CH 3cOO) 24H 2first Li is added in O mixed solution 2cO 3, prepare precursor, respectively at 250 DEG C and 430-440 DEG C of sintering after drying, obtained Li 4-xmn 5-2xco 3xo 12sample.This sample is respectively 175mAh/g and 120mAh/g in the discharge capacity of the 1st circulation and the 50th circulation.With Li 4mn 5o 12compare, in charge and discharge cycles process, Li 4-xmn 5-2xco 3xo 12structure more stable.Wherein, Li 3.75mn 4.5co 0.075o 12the 1st circulation discharge capacity be 150mAh/g, 50 circulation capacity attenuation rates close to 0%.Choi etc. [ChoiW., etal., SolidStateIonics, 2007,178:1541-1545.] are by LiOH, LiF and Mn (OH) 2mixing, prepares Li respectively at 500 DEG C and 600 DEG C of double sinterings in air atmosphere 4mn 5o 12 ηf η(0≤η≤0.2).Wherein, under 0.2C multiplying power electric current, the Li of 500 DEG C of preparations 4mn 5o 11.85f 0.1the 1st circulation discharge capacity be 158mAh/g.After at 25 DEG C and 60 DEG C, discharge and recharge 50 circulates, the capacity attenuation rate of this sample is respectively 2.9% and 3.9%, illustrates that the initial discharge capacity of mixing fluorine sample under high temperature and low temperature and cycle performance are improved.
Although above-mentioned preparation method improves the chemical property of sample in various degree.But, the spinelle Li of preparation at present 4mn 5o 12during discharge and recharge, the stability of structure is still not strong, and under low temperature and heavy-current discharge condition, discharge performance is poor, and at high temperature cycle performance is obviously decayed.For this reason, the present invention promotes Li by mixing gadolinium method 4mn 5o 12the actual oxidation state of middle manganese, delay manganese oxidation state lower than+3.5 process, the problem that the structural stability that the Jahn-Teller slowing down manganese ion during discharge and recharge distorts the material caused declines.
Known following parameter, H f298Gd-O=716kJmol 1, H f298Mn-O=402kJmol 1, r gd-O=93.8pm(Gd chemical valence is+3, and its ligancy is 6), r mn-O=39pm(Mn chemical valence is+4, and its ligancy is 4), r mn-O=53pm(Mn chemical valence is+4, and its ligancy is 6) [JohnA.Dean, HandbookofChemistry(15 thedition)], from above parameter, Gd-O key is more much bigger than the intensity of Mn-O key, and gadolinium ion is larger than the radius of manganese ion, and therefore, replacing part manganese ion with a small amount of gadolinium ion can not produce large impact to the structure of sample.Because gadolinium ion presents+3 valencys in doped samples, improve the actual chemical valence of manganese in doping sample, make the Jahn-Teller of manganese ion in discharge process die down or postpone, improve the stability of doping spline structure.Because the ionic radius of the ratio of ionic radii manganese ion of gadolinium ion is much bigger, doping increases the structure cell of spinel structure, is conducive to lithium ion and embeds in doping sample and deviate from, raise discharge capacity and the cycle performance of sample.
Summary of the invention
For avoiding the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention's employing is mixed gadolinium method and is improved spinelle Li 4mn 5o 12performance.The gadolinium ion adulterated in doped samples presents+3 valencys, improves the actual chemical valence of manganese in doped samples, and in discharge process, the Jahn-Teller of manganese ion dies down or postpones, and improves the stability of charge and discharge process sample structure.In spinel structure, mix the gadolinium ion that radius is much bigger, increase structure cell, be conducive to lithium ion and embed in doped samples and deviate from, reduce electrochemical polarization, the charge/discharge capacity of sample gets a promotion, and the technical scheme adopted for realizing the object of the invention is:
Step 1: be compound, the compound of manganese, the compound of gadolinium that x:y:z takes lithium respectively according to the mol ratio of lithium ion, manganese ion, gadolinium ion.The span of described x, y and z meets following relational expression simultaneously: 1.20≤y+z≤1.30,0.95≤x≤1.06,1.05≤y≤1.25,0.05≤z≤0.25.
Step 2: the compound of the compound of lithium step 1 taken, the compound of manganese and gadolinium, adds 1 times of wet grinding media to 15 times of volumes of total solid capacity, mixes 3 hours ~ 15 hours with wet milling device wet-milling, obtained predecessor 1.By predecessor 2 dry to predecessor 1 constant pressure and dry, vacuumize or the preparation of spray-dired method.Predecessor 2 is placed in air, oxygen-enriched air or pure oxygen atmosphere, adopts double sintering legal system for spinel lithium-rich lithium manganate cathode material.
Described double sintering method is carried out as follows: the predecessor 2 of drying is placed in air, oxygen-enriched air or pure oxygen atmosphere, 3 hours ~ 15 hours are sintered in arbitrary temperature of 150 DEG C ~ 300 DEG C of temperature ranges, then be heated to arbitrary temperature of 400 DEG C ~ 600 DEG C of temperature ranges by last sintering temperature according to the firing rate of 1 DEG C/min ~ 30 DEG C/min, temperature is kept to sinter 3 hours ~ 24 hours, preparation spinel lithium-rich lithium manganate cathode material.
The compound of described lithium is lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, lithium acetate, lithium nitrate, lithium chloride or lithium citrate.
The compound of described gadolinium is gadolinium carbonate, gadolinium hydroxide, gadolinium acetate, gadolinium nitrate, gadolinium chloride or citric acid gadolinium.
The compound of described manganese is manganese carbonate, basic carbonate manganese, manganous hydroxide, manganese acetate, manganese nitrate, manganese chloride or manganese citrate.
Described constant pressure and dry is arbitrary temperature predecessor 1 being placed in 120 DEG C ~ 280 DEG C of temperature ranges, carries out drying at 1 atmosphere pressure, obtained predecessor 2.Described vacuumize is arbitrary temperature predecessor 1 being placed in 80 DEG C ~ 280 DEG C of temperature ranges, carries out drying, prepare predecessor 2 under arbitrary pressure of 10Pa ~ 10132Pa pressure range.Described spray drying process is arbitrary temperature predecessor 1 being placed in 110 DEG C ~ 280 DEG C of temperature ranges, adopts spray dryer to carry out drying, prepares predecessor 2.
Described wet grinding media is deionized water, distilled water, ethanol, acetone, methyl alcohol or formaldehyde.
Described oxygen-enriched air is that oxygen volume content is greater than 21% and is less than the air between 100%.
Described wet milling device comprises general milling machine, super ball mill or wet milk.
Compared with other inventive method, cost of material of the present invention is lower, and evenly, discharge capacity is significantly improved the electrode material composition of preparation, for industrialization is laid a good foundation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the 1st discharge curve (charging and discharging currents 200mA/g) circulated of the sample prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 2 is the discharge capacity of sample prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1 and the graph of relation (charging and discharging currents 200mA/g) of period.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further detailed.Embodiment is only supplement further of the present invention and illustrate, instead of the restriction to invention.
Embodiment 1
Be that 1:1.20:0.05 takes lithium acetate, manganese acetate, gadolinium hydroxide respectively according to the mol ratio of lithium ion, manganese ion, gadolinium ion.By lithium acetate, manganese acetate and the gadolinium hydroxide mixing taken, add the distilled water of 10 times of volumes of total solid capacity, mix 10 hours with super ball mill wet-milling, obtained predecessor 1.Predecessor 1 is placed in vacuumize under 80 DEG C and 1000Pa, prepares predecessor 2.Predecessor 2 is placed in the oxygen-enriched air atmosphere of oxygen volume content 80%, sinters 10 hours at 260 DEG C, be then heated to 550 DEG C according to the firing rate of 10 DEG C/min by 260 DEG C, keep temperature to sinter 18 hours, preparation spinel lithium-rich lithium manganate cathode material.
Compared with other inventive method, cost of material of the present invention is lower, and raw material sources are extensive, and preparation process is simple, and the discharge capacity of the electrode material of preparation is significantly improved, for industrialization is laid a good foundation.
Embodiment 2
Be that 0.95:1.05:0.25 takes lithium carbonate, manganese nitrate, gadolinium carbonate respectively according to the mol ratio of lithium ion, manganese ion, gadolinium ion.By lithium carbonate, manganese nitrate and the gadolinium carbonate mixing taken, add the deionized water of 1 times of volume of total solid capacity, mix 3 hours with the wet-milling of general milling machine, obtained predecessor 1.Predecessor 1 is placed in vacuumize under 280 DEG C and 10Pa, prepares predecessor 2.Predecessor 2 is placed in the oxygen-enriched air atmosphere of oxygen volume content 22%, sinters 3 hours at 150 DEG C, be then heated to 400 DEG C according to the firing rate of 1 DEG C/min by 150 DEG C, keep temperature to sinter 3 hours, preparation spinel lithium-rich lithium manganate cathode material.
Compared with other inventive method, cost of material of the present invention is lower, and preparation process is simple, and consuming time few, the discharge capacity of the electrode material of preparation is significantly improved, for industrialization is laid a good foundation.
Embodiment 3
Be that 1.06:1.05:0.15 takes lithium citrate, manganese citrate, gadolinium nitrate respectively according to the mol ratio of lithium ion, manganese ion, gadolinium ion.By lithium citrate, manganese citrate and the gadolinium nitrate mixing taken, add the ethanol of 15 times of volumes of total solid capacity, mix 15 hours with wet milk wet-milling, obtained predecessor 1.Predecessor 1 is placed in vacuumize under 180 DEG C and 10132Pa, prepares predecessor 2.The predecessor 2 of drying is placed in the oxygen-enriched air atmosphere of oxygen volume content 99%, 15 hours are sintered at 300 DEG C, then be heated to 600 DEG C according to the firing rate of 30 DEG C/min by 300 DEG C, keep temperature to sinter 24 hours, preparation spinel lithium-rich lithium manganate cathode material.
Compared with other inventive method, cost of material of the present invention is lower, and raw material sources are extensive, and preparation process is simple, and consuming time few, the electrode material of preparation has outstanding discharge performance, and discharge capacity is significantly improved, for industrialization is laid a good foundation.
Embodiment 4
Be that 1.06:1.05:0.25 takes lithium nitrate, manganese nitrate, gadolinium carbonate respectively according to the mol ratio of lithium ion, manganese ion, gadolinium ion.By lithium nitrate, manganese nitrate and the gadolinium carbonate mixing taken, add the ethanol of 1 times of volume of total solid capacity, mix 12 hours with wet milk wet-milling, obtained predecessor 1.Dry under predecessor 1 being placed in 120 DEG C and 1 atmospheric pressure, prepare predecessor 2.Predecessor 2 is placed in air atmosphere, sinters 15 hours at 150 DEG C, be then heated to 600 DEG C according to the firing rate of 5 DEG C/min by 150 DEG C, keep temperature to sinter 3 hours, preparation spinel lithium-rich lithium manganate cathode material.
Compared with other inventive method, cost of material of the present invention is lower, and raw material sources are extensive, and preparation process is simple, and consuming time few, the discharge capacity of the electrode material of preparation obviously promotes, for industrialization is laid a good foundation.
Embodiment 5
Be that 1.06:1.10:0.15 takes lithium hydroxide, manganous hydroxide, gadolinium acetate respectively according to the mol ratio of lithium ion, manganese ion, gadolinium ion.By lithium hydroxide, manganous hydroxide and the gadolinium acetate mixing taken, add the formaldehyde of 2 times of volumes of total solid capacity, mix 3 hours with super ball mill wet-milling, obtained predecessor 1.At 110 DEG C, dry predecessor 2 is prepared with spray dryer.Predecessor 2 is placed in pure oxygen atmosphere, sinters 3 hours at 300 DEG C, be then heated to 400 DEG C according to the firing rate of 1 DEG C/min by 300 DEG C, keep temperature to sinter 3 hours, preparation spinel lithium-rich lithium manganate cathode material.
Compared with other inventive method, cost of material of the present invention is lower, and raw material sources are extensive, and preparation process is simple, and consuming time few, the discharge capacity of the electrode material of preparation obviously promotes, for industrialization is laid a good foundation.
Embodiment 6
Be that 1.00:1.25:0.05 takes lithium hydroxide, manganese carbonate, gadolinium acetate respectively according to the mol ratio of lithium ion, manganese ion, gadolinium ion.By lithium hydroxide, manganese carbonate and the gadolinium acetate mixing taken, add the acetone of 15 times of volumes of total solid capacity, mix 15 hours with the wet-milling of general milling machine, obtained predecessor 1.Dry under predecessor 1 being placed in 280 DEG C and 1 atmospheric pressure, prepare predecessor 2.Predecessor 2 is placed in air atmosphere, at 180 DEG C, sinters 5 hours, be then heated to 580 DEG C according to the firing rate of 2 DEG C/min by 180 DEG C, keep temperature to sinter 24 hours, preparation spinel lithium-rich lithium manganate cathode material.
Compared with other inventive method, cost of material of the present invention is lower, and raw material sources are extensive, and preparation process is simple, and consuming time few, the discharge capacity of the electrode material of preparation obviously promotes, for industrialization is laid a good foundation.
Embodiment 7
Be that 1.00:1.25:0.05 takes lithium hydroxide, manganese carbonate, gadolinium acetate respectively according to the mol ratio of lithium ion, manganese ion, gadolinium ion.By lithium hydroxide, manganese carbonate and the gadolinium acetate mixing taken, add the acetone of 15 times of volumes of total solid capacity, mix 15 hours with the wet-milling of general milling machine, obtained predecessor 1.At predecessor 1 is placed in 280 DEG C, dry with spray dryer, prepare predecessor 2.Predecessor 2 is placed in air atmosphere, at 180 DEG C, sinters 5 hours, be then heated to 580 DEG C according to the firing rate of 2 DEG C/min by 180 DEG C, keep temperature to sinter 24 hours, preparation spinel lithium-rich lithium manganate cathode material.
Compared with other inventive method, cost of material of the present invention is lower, and raw material sources are extensive, and preparation process is simple, and consuming time few, the discharge capacity of the electrode material of preparation obviously promotes, for industrialization is laid a good foundation.

Claims (8)

1. mix a preparation method for gadolinium spinel lithium-rich lithium manganate cathode material, it is characterized in that preparation process is made up of following steps:
Step 1: be compound, the compound of manganese, the compound of gadolinium that x:y:z takes lithium respectively according to the mol ratio of lithium ion, manganese ion, gadolinium ion; The span of described x, y and z meets following relational expression simultaneously: 1.20≤y+z≤1.30,0.95≤x≤1.06,1.05≤y≤1.25,0.05≤z≤0.25;
Step 2: the compound of the compound of lithium step 1 taken, the compound of manganese and gadolinium, adds 1 times of wet grinding media to 15 times of volumes of total solid capacity, mixes 3 hours ~ 15 hours with wet milling device wet-milling, obtained predecessor 1; By predecessor 2 dry to predecessor 1 constant pressure and dry, vacuumize or the preparation of spray-dired method; Predecessor 2 is placed in air, oxygen-enriched air or pure oxygen atmosphere, adopts double sintering legal system for spinel lithium-rich lithium manganate cathode material;
Described double sintering method is carried out as follows: the predecessor 2 of drying is placed in air, oxygen-enriched air or pure oxygen atmosphere, 3 hours ~ 15 hours are sintered in arbitrary temperature of 150 DEG C ~ 300 DEG C of temperature ranges, then be heated to arbitrary temperature of 400 DEG C ~ 600 DEG C of temperature ranges by last sintering temperature according to the firing rate of 1 DEG C/min ~ 30 DEG C/min, temperature is kept to sinter 3 hours ~ 24 hours, preparation spinel lithium-rich lithium manganate cathode material.
2. a kind of preparation method mixing gadolinium spinel lithium-rich lithium manganate cathode material according to claim 1, is characterized in that the compound of described lithium is lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, lithium acetate, lithium nitrate, lithium chloride or lithium citrate.
3. a kind of preparation method mixing gadolinium spinel lithium-rich lithium manganate cathode material according to claim 1, is characterized in that the compound of described gadolinium is gadolinium carbonate, basic carbonate gadolinium, gadolinium hydroxide, gadolinium acetate, gadolinium nitrate, gadolinium chloride or citric acid gadolinium.
4. a kind of preparation method mixing gadolinium spinel lithium-rich lithium manganate cathode material according to claim 1, is characterized in that the compound of described manganese is manganese carbonate, basic carbonate manganese, manganous hydroxide, manganese acetate, manganese nitrate, manganese chloride or manganese citrate.
5. a kind of preparation method mixing gadolinium spinel lithium-rich lithium manganate cathode material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described constant pressure and dry is arbitrary temperature predecessor 1 being placed in 120 DEG C ~ 280 DEG C of temperature ranges, carry out drying at 1 atmosphere pressure, obtained predecessor 2; Described vacuumize is arbitrary temperature predecessor 1 being placed in 80 DEG C ~ 280 DEG C of temperature ranges, carries out, prepare predecessor 2 under arbitrary pressure of 10Pa ~ 10132Pa pressure range; Described spraying dry is arbitrary temperature predecessor 1 being placed in 110 DEG C ~ 280 DEG C of temperature ranges, adopts spray dryer to carry out drying, prepares predecessor 2.
6. a kind of preparation method mixing gadolinium spinel lithium-rich lithium manganate cathode material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described wet grinding media is deionized water, distilled water, ethanol, acetone, methyl alcohol or formaldehyde.
7. a kind of preparation method mixing gadolinium spinel lithium-rich lithium manganate cathode material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described oxygen-enriched air is that oxygen volume content is greater than 21% and is less than the air between 100%.
8. the preparation method mixing gadolinium spinel lithium-rich lithium manganate cathode material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described wet milling device is general milling machine, super ball mill or wet milk.
CN201310624616.1A 2013-11-28 2013-11-28 A kind of preparation method mixing gadolinium spinel lithium-rich lithium manganate cathode material Expired - Fee Related CN103579612B (en)

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