CN103560744B - A kind of speed change based on power prediction drags optimization of profile control method - Google Patents
A kind of speed change based on power prediction drags optimization of profile control method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 17
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- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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Abstract
What the present invention relates to is that a kind of speed change based on power prediction drags optimization of profile control method, this speed change based on power prediction drags optimization of profile control method by the power input to machine of test or pumping unit system duty parameter data, carry out preferred speed change by Fourier expansion method and drag curve, and carry out the calculating of integrated power-saving rate and cyclic loading figure parameters, under the prerequisite meeting constraints, target is to the maximum with integrated power-saving rate, optimization electrical motor gearshift dragging speed curve, after carrying out balanced adjustment, by frequency-variable controller, the speed change of optimization being dragged curve is applied in machine-bar-pumping system, pumping unit system is run under energy-conservation steady situation.The present invention can reach the energy-conservation object of load shedding, and integrated power-saving rate reaches more than 15%, load reduced rate more than 10%, weakens oil pumper load fluctuation rate simultaneously, oil pumper is operated steadily, and reduces impact load, improves the life-span of complete machine.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the technical field of petroleum artificial lifting, in particular to a variable speed dragging curve optimization control method based on power prediction.
Secondly, background art:
the average annual power consumption in Daqing oil fields is about 99 hundred million kilowatts, wherein nearly 1/3 kilowatts are consumed in mechanical oil extraction equipment wells, but the average efficiency of the beam-pumping wells is low and is only about 25%, which is extremely unfavorable for the comprehensive development and utilization of the whole oil field. Therefore, it is necessary to provide an effective energy-saving measure to improve the efficiency of the rod-pumped well.
In order to reduce the energy consumption of the pumping well, a lot of efforts have been made by oil field engineers from various countries, for example, US4102394 and US4490094 are directed to reducing the load of the suspension point by changing the quasi-sinusoidal speed curve provided to the polished rod by a beam-pumping unit into a uniform motion during most of the upstroke and downstroke, i.e. the speed curve approximates to a trapezoidal curve. In patent WO2007/041823, the operation mode of the pumping unit system is calculated by collecting data such as motor torque, rotation speed, suspension point load, displacement, pump flow rate, and performing optimization analysis with the goal of maximizing the yield. The method is relatively difficult to implement, and the adverse effect of the inertia torque on the reduction gearbox is not completely eliminated, and the optimized test result shows that the torque curve of the reduction gearbox sometimes has an overbalance condition, so that the reduction gearbox is probably in an overload state to operate, the gear of the reduction gearbox is damaged, and the smooth operation and the service life of the pumping unit system are not facilitated. The national patent ZL0710113421.5 is to utilize the inertia potential energy of a crank block, close a power supply during the down stroke and enable an oil pumping unit to operate under the inertia force, thereby achieving the purpose of energy conservation. However, the operating load of the beam-pumping unit has the characteristic of periodic severe alternation, and the fluctuation of the operating load is larger along with the increase of pumping working condition parameters. The motor, the reduction box, the four-bar linkage and the rod column all need to bear the repeated impact of the alternating load, so that a certain measure is necessary to ensure that the motor works in a stable running state, thereby reducing the energy consumption and weakening the working condition of periodic alternating impact of the pumping unit.
Thirdly, the invention content:
the invention aims to provide a variable speed dragging curve optimization control method based on power prediction, which is used for solving the problems of stable operation, energy conservation and consumption reduction of a beam-pumping unit under the condition that a motor is not overloaded.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the variable speed dragging curve optimization control method based on power prediction optimizes a tested motor input power or working condition parameter data of an oil pumping unit system according to a Fourier series expansion method to optimize a variable speed dragging curve, calculates a comprehensive power saving rate and a periodic load coefficient parameter, optimizes a variable speed dragging speed curve of the motor according to the maximum comprehensive power saving rate on the premise of meeting constraint conditions, and applies the optimized variable speed dragging curve to a motor-rod-pump system through a variable frequency controller after balance adjustment so that the oil pumping unit system operates under the condition of energy conservation and stability, wherein the method comprises the following specific steps:
step one, establishing a database, wherein the database comprises an oil pumping unit database and a motor characteristic database, and the oil pumping unit database comprises oil pumping unit structure size parameters, moving part rotational inertia, a transmission ratio, balance block number and balance block weight; the motor characteristic database is obtained by testing an indoor motor load characteristic test bed and is fitted into a corresponding characteristic function;
acquiring node power and torque data of the belt, the reduction gearbox, the four-bar linkage and the like by virtue of a test well simulation test, processing the data to obtain the transmission efficiency of the belt, the reduction gearbox and the four-bar linkage, and fitting the transmission efficiency into a corresponding characteristic function;
inputting the following steps into a variable speed dragging optimization program: stroke, stroke frequency, pumping hanger, working fluid level, pump diameter, pipe diameter, rod column combination and diameter, water content, casing pressure, flowing pressure, oil sealing and viscosity;
step four, calculating the motion characteristics and power characteristics of the oil pumping unit during variable speed driving, wherein the motion characteristics and power characteristics comprise suspension point displacement, suspension point speed, suspension point acceleration, suspension point load, reduction gearbox torque, motor power and motor rotating speed parameters;
step five, carrying out balance adjustment on the oil pumping unit according to a current balance method, wherein the value range of the current balance degree is 65-85%;
step six, under the constraint condition, according to the objective functionψ max=max[ f (X 1,X 2,…,X n)]Carrying out variable speed optimization calculation, wherein the constraint conditions are as follows:
in the formula (I);
X n-calculating a series of relevant parameters of the objective function;
-computing a calculation function of the objective function;
-integrated power saving (%):；
active, reactive power (kW, kar);
the idle economic equivalent is 0.05-0.08 for the motor for the oil pumping unit generally;
-degree of current balance (%):;
-cyclic load factor:；
-input current, up-stroke peak current, down-stroke peak current (a);
-maximum working stress of the column, allowable column stress (MPa);
-reduction gearbox output shaft torque (n.m);
-yield;
subscripts:
max-maximum value;
i-a serial number;
c-relevant parameters at constant speed dragging;
e-a relevant plant rating;
step seven, performing Fourier coefficient expansion calculation on the input power curve, repeating the calculation of the step four to the step six every time the input power curve is expanded, and generally performing Fourier series expansion for 5-6 times to obtain an optimal variable speed dragging curve;
and step eight, inputting the discrete numerical value of the optimized variable speed dragging curve into a special variable frequency controller of the oil pumping unit, and controlling the motor to run at variable speed according to the optimized variable speed dragging curve.
In the first scheme step, a corresponding characteristic function is fitted, and for the three-phase asynchronous motor Y225S-8 motor working characteristic function expression:
slip ratio:；
power factor:；
input power:；
output current:；
the motor efficiency is as follows:；
mechanical properties:；
the motor working characteristic function expression of the three-phase asynchronous motor Y225M-8 is as follows:
slip ratio:；
power factor:；
input power:；
output current:；
the motor efficiency is as follows:；
mechanical properties:；
the motor working characteristic function expression of the three-phase asynchronous motor Y250M-8 is as follows:
slip ratio:；
power factor:；
input power:；
output current:；
the motor efficiency is as follows:；
mechanical properties:。
has the advantages that:
1. under the drive of a three-phase asynchronous motor, the conventional beam pumping unit can achieve the purposes of load reduction and energy saving after applying the variable speed dragging curve optimization control method, the comprehensive power saving rate reaches more than 15%, the load reduction rate is more than 10%, and meanwhile, the load fluctuation rate of the pumping unit is weakened, so that the pumping unit operates stably, the impact load is reduced, and the service life of the whole pumping unit is prolonged.
2. The invention considers the influence of the inertia load of each moving part of the pumping unit on the balance of the pumping unit, and the balance readjustment is carried out in the variable speed optimization process, thereby ensuring that the bad working conditions of overbalance and underbalance do not occur after the variable speed optimization.
3. The method solves the optimal driving speed curve by decomposing the input power by applying a Fourier coefficient expansion method for the first time, and the optimal variable speed driving curve model can be obtained only by iterating for 5-6 times in the whole process.
4. The working characteristic function of the three-phase asynchronous motor in the table 1 is obtained on a special motor characteristic test bed, and the characteristic function finely describes the characteristic change rule of the motor between 0 and 2 times of rated power, so that the calculation accuracy of the output electrical parameters of the motor is guaranteed.
5. The belt, reduction gearbox and four-bar transmission efficiency model in the table 2 of the invention is tested on a simulation test well of the oil pumping unit and is obtained by fitting test data, so that the calculation precision is higher and the use is also very convenient.
Fourthly, explanation of the attached drawings:
FIG. 1 is a graph of current balance versus cyclic load factor;
fig. 2 is a graph of current balance versus motor power saving rate.
The fifth embodiment is as follows:
the invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the variable speed dragging curve optimization control method based on power prediction,
step one, establishing a database, wherein the database comprises an oil pumping unit database and a motor characteristic database, and the oil pumping unit database comprises oil pumping unit structure size parameters, moving part rotational inertia, a transmission ratio, balance block number and balance block weight; the motor characteristic database is obtained by testing an indoor motor load characteristic test bed and is fitted into a corresponding characteristic function:
TABLE 1 functional expression of three-phase asynchronous motor operating characteristics
| Item | Function expression-Y225S-8 motor |
| Slip ratio | |
| Power factor | |
| Input power | |
| Output current | |
| Efficiency of the motor | |
| Mechanical characteristics | |
| Item | Function expression-Y225M-8 motor |
| Slip ratio | |
| Power factor | |
| Input power | |
| Output current | |
| Efficiency of the motor | |
| Mechanical characteristics | |
| Item | Function expression-Y250M-8 motor |
| Slip ratio | |
| Power factor | |
| Input power | |
| Output current | |
| Efficiency of the motor | |
| Mechanical characteristics |
Acquiring node power and torque data of the belt, the reduction gearbox, the four-bar linkage and the like by virtue of a test well simulation test, processing the data to obtain the transmission efficiency of the belt, the reduction gearbox and the four-bar linkage, and fitting the transmission efficiency into a corresponding characteristic function;
TABLE 2. Transmission efficiency of each component of beam-pumping unit
| Item | Function expression |
| Efficiency of belt | |
| Reduction gearbox efficiency | |
| Four bar linkage efficiency |
Inputting the following steps into a variable speed dragging optimization program: stroke, stroke frequency, pump hanger, working fluid level, pump diameter, pipe diameter, rod column combination and diameter, water content, casing pressure, flowing pressure, oil sealing and viscosity,
step four, calculating the motion characteristics and power characteristics of the oil pumping unit during variable speed driving, wherein the motion characteristics and power characteristics comprise parameters such as suspension point displacement, suspension point speed, suspension point acceleration, suspension point load, reduction gearbox torque, motor power, motor rotating speed and the like;
a) the four-bar mechanism kinematic model during the variable-speed motion of the motor can be solved by using a complex vector method or other methods.
Displacement of suspension point:
suspension point speed:
suspension point acceleration:
b) and (3) solving the three-dimensional fluctuation equation of the rod-tube liquid by using differential iteration after the rod-tube liquid is dispersed into linear algebra.
c) And a formula for calculating the output torque of the reduction gearbox and the motor during variable-speed operation.
A net torque at the output shaft of the reduction gearbox;
motor output shaft torque;。
and step five, carrying out balance adjustment on the oil pumping unit according to a current balance method, wherein the value range of the current balance degree is 65-85%. The current balance method refers to the ratio of the down-stroke peak current to the up-stroke peak current. Theoretical calculation and field test show that for conventional beam pumping unit, when the current balance degree is 65-85%, the pumping well is in the most energy-saving state, and the average power of up stroke and down stroke are nearly equal. When the pumping well is dragged by variable speed, the inertia torque acts, the peak load can be reduced, and the negative torque is weakened or even eliminated. Therefore, after the load is reduced, the balance torque before the variable speed dragging is relatively large, the whole pumping unit is in an overbalanced state, and the phenomenon of overload of the reduction gearbox sometimes occurs. Therefore, before the variable speed dragging measure is implemented, the balance adjustment should be carried out according to a current balance method. Fig. 1 and fig. 2 show the relationship between the current balance degree and the periodic load coefficient and the power saving rate, and the balance adjustment is carried out according to the invention when the pumping unit operates most stably and is also the most energy-saving.
Step six, under the constraint condition, according to the objective functionψ max=max[ f (X 1,X 2,…,X n)]Carrying out variable speed optimization calculation, wherein the constraint conditions are as follows:
in the formula (I);
X n-calculating a series of relevant parameters of the objective function;
-computing a calculation function of the objective function;
-integrated power saving (%):；
active, reactive power (kW, kar);
the idle economic equivalent is 0.05-0.08 for the motor for the oil pumping unit generally;
-degree of current balance (%):;
-cyclic load factor:。
-input current, up-stroke peak current, down-stroke peak current (a);
-maximum working stress of the column, allowable column stress (MPa);
-reduction gearbox output shaft torque (n.m);
-yield.
Subscripts:
max-maximum value;
i-a serial number;
c-relevant parameters at constant speed dragging;
e-a relevant plant rating;
step seven, performing Fourier coefficient expansion calculation on the input power curve, wherein the method for performing Fourier coefficient expansion on the input power curve is as follows;
in the running process of the beam pumping unit, the working power of the motor is as follows;
in the formula (I);the input power of the motor is generally a theoretical calculation result or a motor input power value measured by an electric power tester, and the calculation performed by using the test result is more accurate but is more troublesome to apply;
-constant angular speed of the motor (typically a three-phase asynchronous motor, with slip typically below 3%, which can be considered as a constant rotational speed of the motor, for example 750rpm for 8 poles);
T m-motor shaft transient torque;
-to the motor efficiency.
The working power formula of the conversion type motor can be obtained;
the transient torque of the output shaft of the motor can be obtained by the formulaT m。
The average power of the dragging motor in a pumping period is selected as a 'constant power' operation target value. ThenBy usingInstead, the ideal transient angular speed of the motor can be obtainedFunction(s)Is as follows;
angular velocityFunction is asIs the independent variable of the number of the variable,a Dirichlet (Dirichlet) condition is satisfied for a continuous function of the period; 1. function(s)In thatUpper continuous, without discontinuities; 2. function(s)In thatThe upper extreme point is finite. Thus can be used forExpanding into Fourier series;
wherein,all are Fourier coefficients, and the calculation formula is as follows;
whereinI.e. constant rotation speed of motor。
The variable speed drag curve should satisfy the following constraints;
a) the torque peak value of the motor is not more than the rated torque;
b) the peak value of the rotating speed of the motor is not greater than a limit value;
in the formula (I);-motor torque (n.m);-motor rated torque (n.m);-nominal motor speed (rpm).
Performing Fourier coefficient expansion calculation on the input power curve, repeating the calculation of the fourth step to the sixth step every time the input power curve is expanded, and generally performing Fourier series expansion for 5-6 times to obtain an optimal variable speed dragging curve;
and step eight, inputting the discrete numerical value of the optimized variable speed dragging curve into a special variable frequency controller of the oil pumping unit, and controlling the motor to operate at variable speed according to the optimal variable speed dragging curve. Discretizing the optimized variable speed drag curve into sufficiently multi-point data generally requires at least 150 data points per run cycle. The balance torque of the pumping unit is calculated according to a current balance method, a series of discrete numerical values of an optimized variable speed dragging curve are input into a variable frequency controller, namely the optimized variable speed dragging curve, a balance adjusting method and other operation parameters are applied to a pumping unit system, so that a 'machine-rod-pump' operates in an energy-saving and stable mode. The variable speed drive is suitable for permanent magnet synchronous motors and three-phase asynchronous motors. For a three-phase asynchronous motor, the influence of the slip on the speed change optimization can be disregarded on the basis that the slip is generally less than 3%. In view of motor cost and efficiency, high slip motors are not suitable for the variable speed drag optimization method.
Claims (1)
1. A variable speed dragging curve optimization control method based on power prediction is characterized in that: the variable speed dragging curve optimization control method based on power prediction optimizes a tested motor input power or working condition parameter data of an oil pumping unit system according to a Fourier series expansion method to optimize a variable speed dragging curve, calculates a comprehensive power saving rate and a periodic load coefficient, optimizes a variable speed dragging speed curve of the motor according to the maximum comprehensive power saving rate on the premise of meeting constraint conditions, and applies the optimized variable speed dragging curve to a motor-rod-pump system through a variable frequency controller after balance adjustment so that the oil pumping unit system operates under the condition of energy conservation and stability, specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
step one, establishing a database, wherein the database comprises an oil pumping unit database and a motor characteristic database, and the oil pumping unit database comprises oil pumping unit structure size parameters, moving part rotational inertia, a transmission ratio, balance block number and balance block weight; the motor characteristic database is obtained by testing an indoor motor load characteristic test bed and is fitted into a corresponding characteristic function;
acquiring node power and torque data of the belt, the reduction gearbox and the four-bar linkage by virtue of a test well simulation test, processing the node power and torque data to obtain the transmission efficiency of the belt, the reduction gearbox and the four-bar linkage, and fitting the transmission efficiency into a corresponding characteristic function;
inputting the following steps into a variable speed dragging optimization program: stroke, stroke frequency, pumping hanger, working fluid level, pump diameter, pipe diameter, rod column combination and diameter, water content, casing pressure, flowing pressure, oil sealing and viscosity;
step four, calculating the motion characteristics and power characteristics of the oil pumping unit during variable speed driving, wherein the motion characteristics and power characteristics comprise suspension point displacement, suspension point speed, suspension point acceleration, suspension point load, reduction gearbox torque, motor power and motor rotating speed parameters;
step five, carrying out balance adjustment on the oil pumping unit according to a current balance method, wherein the value range of the current balance degree is 65-85%;
step six, under the constraint condition, according to the objective functionψ max=max[ f (X 1,X 2,…,X n)]Carrying out variable speed optimization calculation, wherein the constraint conditions are as follows:
in the formula (I);
X n-calculating a series of relevant parameters of the objective function;
-computing a calculation function of the objective function;
-integrated power saving%:；
active and reactive power in kW and kar, respectively;
the idle economic equivalent is 0.05-0.08 for the motor for the oil pumping unit generally;
-current balance%:;
-cyclic load factor:；
-input current, up-stroke peak current, down-stroke peak current, in units of a;
the maximum working stress of the column and the allowable stress of the column are expressed in MPa;
-reduction gearbox output shaft torque in n.m;
-yield;
subscripts:
max-maximum value;
i-a serial number;
c-relevant parameters at constant speed dragging;
e-a relevant plant rating;
step seven, performing Fourier coefficient expansion calculation on the input power curve, repeating the calculation of the step four to the step six every time the curve is expanded, and performing Fourier series expansion for 5-6 times to obtain an optimal variable speed dragging curve;
and step eight, inputting the discrete numerical value of the optimized variable speed dragging curve into a special variable frequency controller of the oil pumping unit, and controlling the motor to run at variable speed according to the optimized variable speed dragging curve.
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| CN108661899B (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2023-04-28 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Motor rotating speed curve optimization method and device based on variable speed drive |
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| CN101135910A (en) * | 2007-09-29 | 2008-03-05 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method for evaluating efficiency of ground equipment of sucker-rod pumping system |
| CN102306341A (en) * | 2011-07-22 | 2012-01-04 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | System energy saving and evaluating method for optimized matching of oil pumping machine and motor |
| CN102354111A (en) * | 2011-07-14 | 2012-02-15 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Working fluid level prediction-based optimization method for stroke frequency of submersible reciprocating oil pumping unit |
| CN102545775A (en) * | 2012-01-17 | 2012-07-04 | 上海交通大学 | Oil pumping unit frequency conversion control method based on unit stroke energy |
| CN103161430A (en) * | 2011-12-14 | 2013-06-19 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Real-time intelligent regulation method and device for stroke frequency and balance of oil pumping unit |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101135910A (en) * | 2007-09-29 | 2008-03-05 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method for evaluating efficiency of ground equipment of sucker-rod pumping system |
| CN102354111A (en) * | 2011-07-14 | 2012-02-15 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Working fluid level prediction-based optimization method for stroke frequency of submersible reciprocating oil pumping unit |
| CN102306341A (en) * | 2011-07-22 | 2012-01-04 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | System energy saving and evaluating method for optimized matching of oil pumping machine and motor |
| CN103161430A (en) * | 2011-12-14 | 2013-06-19 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Real-time intelligent regulation method and device for stroke frequency and balance of oil pumping unit |
| CN102545775A (en) * | 2012-01-17 | 2012-07-04 | 上海交通大学 | Oil pumping unit frequency conversion control method based on unit stroke energy |
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