CN103551129B - A kind of preparations and applicatio with the heavy metal ion adsorption fiber of the wide pH scope of application - Google Patents
A kind of preparations and applicatio with the heavy metal ion adsorption fiber of the wide pH scope of application Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of preparations and applicatio with the heavy metal ion adsorption fiber of the wide pH scope of application of the present invention.Polypropylene fibre is immersed in the solvent of carboxylic acid monomer containing double bond, polymerization inhibitor, catalyst; logical nitrogen, swelling, carry out irradiation with high-power electron beam; take out the homopolymers cleaning fiber surface; dry, obtain the polypropylene fibre of grafted carboxylic acid, put into and dissolved in the sodium hydroxide solution of 5-aminosalicylic acid; pass into nitrogen protection; heating 2 ~ 10h, takes out and cleans, and obtains the heavy metal ion adsorption fiber that 5-aminosalicylic acid is modified.PH almost on fibers adsorption heavy metal ion without impact, namely the scope of application of pH is wider; Adsorption rate is fast, can reach adsorption equilibrium within 3min; Fiber can make various shape, easy to use, is convenient to recycle, and is with a wide range of applications, is particularly useful for the absorption of open waters heavy metal ion in process metal smelt and petrochemical wastewater.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to functional material and field of environment engineering, be specially adapted to pH sorbing material of Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions in 1 ~ 12 scope preparation and to water in the quick adsorption of heavy metal ion.
Background technology
In recent years, along with deepening continuously and socioeconomic development of global industry, heavy metal obtains applying more and more widely, and it uses kind, quantity also exponentially increases.Heavy metal is neither biodegradation also not pyrolysis in the environment, but enters human body by food chain, enrichment in the organ of human body, thus causes slow poisoning, is detrimental to health.Plumbous to all toxic effects such as nervous system, digestive system and hemopoietic systems, cadmium easily causes the disease such as osteoporosis, ostalgia, osteanabrosis distortion, has " three cause " effect.Therefore, reduce and become very urgent except the heavy metal in anhydrating.
At present, in water, the minimizing technology of heavy metal ion mainly comprises chemical deposition method, membrane separation process, electrochemical reducing, ion-exchange-resin process, active carbon adsorption etc.Chemical deposition method need expend precipitating reagent, and precipitum needs to be separated further; Membrane separation process needs to adopt high pressure counter-infiltration or nanofiltration, and equipment and operating cost are very high; The energy consumption of electrochemical reducing is too high.Ion-exchange-resin process and active carbon adsorption adsorption capacity are large, cost is lower, simple to operate, are widely used in containing heavy metal ion sewage disposal, but the loose structure of resin causes sorption and desorption speed slow, and graininess is not suitable for open waters and uses.Pacify rich and powerful people such as grade 5-aminosalicylic acid to be grafted on poly (glycidyl methacrylate) macromolecular chain, prepare a kind of novel chelate adsorption, static method is adopted to have studied its heavy metal ion Cu (II), Cd (II), Zn (II), absorption property [the AnF of Pb (II), GaoB, DaiX, etal.Efficientremovalofheavymetalionsfromaqueoussolution usingsalicylicacidtypechelateadsorbent [J] .Journalofhazardousmaterials, 2011, 192 (3): 956-962.], its shortcoming is that the rate of adsorption is slow, reach adsorption equilibrium and need more than two hour, secondly, containing ester bond in sorbent structure, structural instability, pH is comparatively large, optimal about 5 on the impact of absorption, all unfavorable to absorption under strong acid and basic conditions.
Ion-exchange fibre is the fibre-like efficient adsorption functional material grown up after ion exchange resin, it is an important branch of filed of functional, different from the ion exchange resin that routine uses, ion-exchange fibre has good heat resistance and chemical stability, specific area is large, and functional group is all positioned at fiber surface, and effective functional group is many, mass transfer is apart from short, and the rate of adsorption is fast.The patent No. 201310129912.4 provides a kind of preparation method of cellulose graft acrylic copolymer, take water as solvent, N, N-methylene-bisacrylamide is crosslinking agent, azodiisobutyronitrile is initator, take cellulose as matrix, and PAA and NVP are comonomer, solution polymerization process is adopted to carry out copolymerization and obtain, and the organic cation dye such as the heavy metal ion be used in adsorbing and removing waste water and methylene blue.But in its use procedure, the impact of pH on absorption is larger, must carry out under the environment of partial neutral (pH=5 ~ 7), and current most waste water slant acidity or alkalescence, moreover material therefor is natural fiber wheat stalk, corrosion-resistant, intensity is low, and these factors all significantly limit its scope of application.And the fiber of Prof. Du Yucang has excellent pliability and mechanical strength, various shape can be made, easy to use, replace natural fiber as ion-exchange fibre skeleton using the fiber of Prof. Du Yucang, fundamentally solve the problems referred to above.
For prior art pH on being adsorbed with larger impact, the rate of adsorption is slow, the loose structure of resin causes that sorption and desorption speed is slow, graininess is not suitable for open waters and uses, the problems such as the corrosion-resistant of natural fiber, intensity are low, the technical problem that quasi-solution of the present invention is determined is to provide a kind of preparations and applicatio with the heavy metal ion adsorption fiber of the wide pH scope of application, it is characterized in that and existing Ion Exchange Resin Phase ratio, during this fibers adsorption heavy metal ion, pH is almost on the impact of absorption nothing, and namely the scope of application of pH is wider; Its adsorption rate is fast, can reach adsorption equilibrium within 3min; Fiber can make various shape, easy to use, is convenient to recycle, therefore is with a wide range of applications in process metal smelt and petrochemical wastewater, is particularly useful for the absorption of open waters heavy metal ion.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of preparations and applicatio with the heavy metal ion adsorption fiber of the wide pH scope of application, it is characterized in that step is as follows:
A) the double bond containing carboxylic acid of high-energy electron beam irradiation grafting
Fiber base material is put into the monomer solution that percentage by volume is 5% ~ 60%, add the polymerization inhibitor iron ammonium sulfate that mass percent is 0.2% ~ 3.5%, volume fraction be 0.1% ~ 2.0% the concentrated sulfuric acid make catalyst, solvent is the mixture of second alcohol and water, and volume ratio is 1:8 ~ 1:2, passes into nitrogen protection, by the irradiation dose of 10 ~ 120KGy, use high-energy electron beam irradiation grafting, take out and clean, obtain the fiber base material of grafted carboxylic acid;
B) salicylic acid modifies preparation heavy metal ion adsorption fiber
With the sodium hydroxide solution of 0.5 ~ 3mol/l, the 5-aminosalicylic acid of different quality is dissolved; mass percent controls 1 ~ 30%; then the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:30 ~ 1:80 is pressed; being put into by the fiber base material of above-mentioned grafted carboxylic acid has dissolved in the sodium hydroxide solution of 5-aminosalicylic acid; pass into nitrogen protection; at 60 ~ 150 DEG C, heat 2 ~ 10h, take out and clean, obtain the heavy metal ion adsorption fiber that 5-aminosalicylic acid is modified.
C) Static Adsorptive capacity test
By the heavy metal ion adsorption fiber of above-mentioned preparation, be under the condition of 1 ~ 12 at pH, under magnetic stirrer, Static Adsorption is carried out to the heavy metal ion of 0.01 ~ 1000mg/l, the heavy metal detector of sampling at regular intervals measures the content of residual heavy metal ion in solution, calculates clearance and equilibrium adsorption capacity.
D) dynamic adsorption test
By the heavy metal ion adsorption fiber of above-mentioned preparation, be under the condition of 1 ~ 12 at pH, with ion exchange column, Dynamic Adsorption is carried out to the heavy metal ion of 0.01 ~ 1000mg/l, be 25 ~ 200ml by the liquor capacity of ion exchange column, flow control is at 2 ~ 10BV/min, measure the concentration of residual heavy metal ion in efflux with heavy metal detector at set intervals, and calculate adsorption rate.
A kind of preparations and applicatio with the heavy metal ion adsorption fiber of the wide pH scope of application of the present invention, it is characterized in that described fiber base material is short fiber, doughnut, long filament or nanofiber, material is polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polysulfones, polyether sulfone, Kynoar, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene.。
A kind of preparations and applicatio with the heavy metal ion adsorption fiber of the wide pH scope of application of the present invention, is characterised in that described double bond containing carboxylic acid monomer is for acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic anhydride.
A kind of preparations and applicatio with the heavy metal ion adsorption fiber of the wide pH scope of application of the present invention, is characterised in that described heavy metal ion is Pb (II), Cd (II), Hg (II), Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II).
Compared with prior art the present invention has the following advantages:
1, with existing Ion Exchange Resin Phase ratio, during this fibers adsorption heavy metal ion, clearance can reach more than 90%, pH almost on the impact of absorption nothing, the pH wider range be namely suitable for;
2, adsorption rate is fast, can reach adsorption equilibrium within 3min;
3, fiber can make various shape, easy to use, is convenient to recycle, therefore is with a wide range of applications in process metal smelt and petrochemical wastewater, is particularly useful for the absorption of open waters heavy metal ion.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is described further below in conjunction with embodiment.Specific embodiment does not limit claim of the present invention.
A kind of preparations and applicatio with the heavy metal ion adsorption fiber of the wide pH scope of application of the present invention, technical scheme carries out graft reaction with double bond containing carboxylic acid monomer to fibrous substrate surface by high-energy electron beam irradiation; Again 5-aminosalicylic acid is modified on fiber.
A kind of preparations and applicatio with the heavy metal ion adsorption fiber of the wide pH scope of application of the present invention, adopt the manufacture method of high-energy electron beam irradiation grafting, take full advantage of the strong advantage of irradiation grafting penetration power, the graft reaction that general chemical method is difficult to carry out can be completed, and simple, convenient easy, can complete under room temperature.
A kind of preparations and applicatio with the heavy metal ion adsorption fiber of the wide pH scope of application of the present invention, the first double bond containing carboxylic acid monomer of grafting, obtains the intermediate fiber with reactivity, is convenient to follow-uply to be modified on fiber by 5-aminosalicylic acid.
A kind of preparations and applicatio with the heavy metal ion adsorption fiber of the wide pH scope of application of the present invention, select 5-aminosalicylic acid, phenyl ring has carboxyl, amino and phenolic hydroxyl group simultaneously, phenolic hydroxyl group and carboxyl are positioned on the ortho position of phenyl ring, the two has synergy, and easy and metal ion forms chelate.
A kind of preparations and applicatio with the heavy metal ion adsorption fiber of the wide pH scope of application of the present invention, to the heavy metal ion of 0.01 ~ 1000mg/l in water, be carry out Static Adsorption test under the condition of 1 ~ 12 at pH, equilibrium adsorption can be reached within 3 minutes, pH does not almost affect absorption, the clearance of heavy metal ion can reach more than 90%, and adsorbance is 2.0 ~ 100mg/g.
A kind of preparations and applicatio with the heavy metal ion adsorption fiber of the wide pH scope of application of the present invention, by the heavy metal ion of ion exchange column to 0.01 ~ 1000mg/l, be carry out dynamic adsorption test under the condition of 1 ~ 12 at pH, coutroi velocity is at 2 ~ 10BV/min, the Dynamic Adsorption speed of this fiber heavy metal ion is very fast, during beginning, in efflux, almost inspection does not measure ion, along with adsorbent solution volume increases, the ion concentration flowed out in solution increases gradually, to the last adsorb hardly, saturated extent of adsorption can reach 2.0 ~ 100mg/g.
The present invention does not address part and is applicable to prior art.
Introduce specific embodiments of the invention below:
Embodiment 1:
Certain mass polypropylene fibre being joined volume fraction is in acrylic acid ethanol/water (volume ratio the is 1:5) solution of 35%, add the iron ammonium sulfate that mass fraction is 2.0%, volume fraction is the concentrated sulfuric acid of 0.5%, logical nitrogen 10 minutes, high-power electron beam is adopted to carry out irradiation by irradiation dose 60KGy, take out and clean, obtain the polypropylene fibre that percent grafting is the graft acrylic acid of 68.86%, being joined with the mass fraction that the NaOH of 1.5mol/l dissolves again is in the solution of the 5-aminosalicylic acid of 10%, 4h is heated at 85 DEG C, take out and clean, obtain the heavy metal ion adsorption fiber that 5-aminosalicylic acid content is 1.09mmol/g.
Get the above-mentioned heavy metal ion adsorption fiber of about 0.1g, under the condition of pH=2, under magnetic stirrer, Static Adsorption volume is 100ml, concentration is Pb (II), the Cd (II) of 10mg/l, its clearance is respectively 95.54%, 99.53%, and equilibrium adsorption capacity is respectively 12.66mg/g, 18.03mg/g.
Get the above-mentioned heavy metal ion adsorption fiber of about 20mg, under the condition of pH=2, be 100ml with ion exchange column Dynamic Adsorption volume, concentration is the Pb (II) of 0.1mg/l, Cd (II), flow control is at 8.33BV/min, more than every 5ml, liquid surveys a concentration, in the 65BV efflux started, almost inspection does not measure ion, along with adsorbent solution volume increases, the ion concentration flowed out in solution increases gradually, to the last do not adsorb, Pb (II) does not adsorb at 100BV, and Cd (II) to 165BV just adsorbs completely, saturated extent of adsorption is respectively 32.53mg/g, 58.45mg/g.
Embodiment 2:
Certain mass polypropylene fibre being joined volume fraction is in acrylic acid ethanol/water (volume ratio the is 1:4) solution of 40%, add the iron ammonium sulfate that mass fraction is 2.5%, volume fraction is the concentrated sulfuric acid of 1.5%, logical nitrogen 10 minutes, high-power electron beam is adopted to carry out irradiation by irradiation dose 100KGy, take out and clean, obtain the polypropylene fibre that percent grafting is the graft acrylic acid of 72.39%, being joined with the mass fraction that the NaOH of 1mol/l dissolves again is in the solution of the 5-aminosalicylic acid of 20%, 5h is heated at 110 DEG C, take out and clean, obtain the heavy metal ion adsorption fiber that 5-aminosalicylic acid content is 1.66mmol/g,
Get the above-mentioned heavy metal ion adsorption fiber of about 0.1g, under the condition of pH=5, under magnetic stirrer, Static Adsorption volume is 150ml, concentration is Pb (II), the Cd (II) of 10mg/l, its clearance is respectively 96.43%, 99.53%, and equilibrium adsorption capacity is respectively 16.75mg/g, 25.26mg/g;
Get the above-mentioned heavy metal ion adsorption fiber of about 10mg, under the condition of pH=5, be 150ml with ion exchange column Dynamic Adsorption volume, concentration is the Pb (II) of 0.5mg/l, Cd (II), flow control is at 10BV/min, more than every 5ml, liquid surveys a concentration, experiment shows, in the 130BV efflux started, almost inspection does not measure ion, along with adsorbent solution volume increases, the ion concentration flowed out in solution increases gradually, to the last do not adsorb, Pb (II) does not adsorb at 165BV, and Cd (II) to 225BV just adsorbs completely, saturated extent of adsorption is respectively 40.53mg/g, 76.34mg/g.
Embodiment 3:
Certain mass polypropylene fibre being joined volume fraction is in acrylic acid ethanol/water (volume ratio the is 1:3) solution of 40%, add the iron ammonium sulfate that mass fraction is 2%, volume fraction is the concentrated sulfuric acid of 0.6%, logical nitrogen 10 minutes, high-power electron beam is adopted to carry out irradiation by irradiation dose 70KGy, take out and clean, obtain the polypropylene fibre that percent grafting is the graft acrylic acid of 77.36%.Being joined with the mass fraction that the NaOH of 2mol/l dissolves again is in the solution of the 5-aminosalicylic acid of 25%, at 92 DEG C, heat 6h, takes out and cleans, obtain the heavy metal ion adsorption fiber that 5-aminosalicylic acid content is 1.24mmol/g;
Get the above-mentioned heavy metal ion adsorption fiber of about 0.1g, under the condition of pH=9, under magnetic stirrer, Static Adsorption volume is 100ml, concentration is Pb (II), the Cd (II) of 50mg/l, its clearance is respectively 94.65%, 99.53%, and equilibrium adsorption capacity is respectively 52.12mg/g, 33.36mg/g;
Get the above-mentioned heavy metal ion adsorption fiber of about 25mg, under the condition of pH=9, be 100ml with ion exchange column Dynamic Adsorption volume, concentration is the Pb (II) of 1mg/l, Cd (II), flow control is at 7.5BV/min, more than every 5ml, liquid surveys a concentration, experiment shows, in the 50BV efflux started, almost inspection does not measure ion, along with adsorbent solution volume increases, the ion concentration flowed out in solution increases gradually, to the last do not adsorb, Pb (II) does not adsorb at 90BV, and Cd (II) to 150BV just adsorbs completely, saturated extent of adsorption is respectively 55.23mg/g, 88.97mg/g.
Embodiment 4:
Certain mass polypropylene fibre being joined volume fraction is in acrylic acid ethanol/water (volume ratio the is 1:4) solution of 30%, add the iron ammonium sulfate that mass fraction is 2%, volume fraction is the concentrated sulfuric acid of 0.8%, logical nitrogen 10 minutes, high-power electron beam is adopted to carry out irradiation by irradiation dose 65KGy, take out and clean, obtain the polypropylene fibre that percent grafting is the graft acrylic acid of 70.45%.Being joined with the mass fraction that the NaOH of 0.8mol/l dissolves again is in the solution of the 5-aminosalicylic acid of 15%, at 75 DEG C, heat 3h, takes out and cleans, obtain the heavy metal ion adsorption fiber that 5-aminosalicylic acid content is 1.18mmol/g;
Get the above-mentioned heavy metal ion adsorption fiber of about 0.1g, under the condition of pH=12, under magnetic stirrer, Static Adsorption volume is 100ml, concentration is Pb (II), the Cd (II) of 100mg/l, its clearance is respectively 95.24%, 99.53%, and equilibrium adsorption capacity is respectively 77.17mg/g, 91.86mg/g;
Get the above-mentioned heavy metal ion adsorption fiber of about 15mg, under the condition of pH=12, be 100ml with ion exchange column Dynamic Adsorption volume, concentration is the Pb (II) of 0.01mg/l, Cd (II), flow control is at 3.5BV/min, more than every 5ml, liquid surveys a concentration, experiment shows, both the 85BV started can adsorb completely, in efflux, almost inspection does not measure ion, along with adsorbent solution volume increases, the ion concentration flowed out in solution increases gradually, to the last do not adsorb, Pb (II) does not adsorb at 120BV, and Cd (II) to 145BV just adsorbs completely, saturated extent of adsorption is respectively 22.46mg/g, 38.37mg/g.
Claims (4)
1. have a preparation method for the heavy metal ion adsorption fiber of the wide pH scope of application, its feature comprises the following steps:
A) the double bond containing carboxylic acid of high-energy electron beam irradiation grafting
Fiber base material is put into acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or itaconic acid monomer solution that percentage by volume is 5% ~ 60%, add the polymerization inhibitor iron ammonium sulfate that mass percent is 0.2% ~ 3.5%, volume fraction be 0.1% ~ 2.0% the concentrated sulfuric acid make catalyst, solvent is the mixture of second alcohol and water, and volume ratio is 1: 8 ~ 1: 2, passes into nitrogen protection, by the irradiation dose of 10 ~ 120KGy, use high-energy electron beam irradiation grafting, take out and clean, obtain the fiber base material of grafted carboxylic acid;
B) salicylic acid modifies preparation heavy metal ion adsorption fiber
With the sodium hydroxide solution of 0.5 ~ 3mol/L, the 5-aminosalicylic acid of different quality is dissolved; mass percent controls 1% ~ 30%; then the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1: 30 ~ 1: 80 is pressed; being put into by the fiber base material of above-mentioned grafted carboxylic acid has dissolved in the sodium hydroxide solution of 5-aminosalicylic acid; pass into nitrogen protection; at 60 ~ 150 DEG C, heat 2 ~ 10h, take out and clean, obtain the heavy metal ion adsorption fiber that 5-aminosalicylic acid is modified.
2. have an application for the heavy metal ion adsorption fiber of the wide pH scope of application, its feature comprises the following steps:
A) Static Adsorptive capacity test
By the heavy metal ion adsorption fiber that the 5-aminosalicylic acid prepared by the method for claim 1 is modified, be under the condition of 1 ~ 12 at pH, Static Adsorption is carried out to the heavy metal ion of 0.01 ~ 1000mg/L, the heavy metal detector of sampling at regular intervals measures the content of residual heavy metal ion in solution, calculates clearance and equilibrium adsorption capacity;
B) dynamic adsorption test
Be under the condition of 1 ~ 12 at pH, the ion exchange column of the heavy metal ion adsorption fiber that the 5-aminosalicylic acid prepared by method of filling claim 1 with inside is modified carries out Dynamic Adsorption to the heavy metal ion of 0.01 ~ 1000mg/L, be 25 ~ 200mL by the liquor capacity of ion exchange column, flow control is at 2 ~ 10BV/min, measure the concentration of residual heavy metal ion in efflux with heavy metal detector at set intervals, and calculate adsorption rate.
3. a kind of preparation method with the heavy metal ion adsorption fiber of the wide pH scope of application as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described fiber base material is short fiber, doughnut, long filament or nanofiber, material is polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polysulfones, Kynoar, polyvinyl chloride or polyethylene.
4. a kind of preparation method with the heavy metal ion adsorption fiber of the wide pH scope of application as claimed in claim 1, is characterised in that described heavy metal ion is Pb (II), Cd (II), Hg (II), Co (II), Ni (II) or Cu (II).
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| CN104229920A (en) * | 2014-09-12 | 2014-12-24 | 华南理工大学 | Application method of kenyaite in adsorption of heavy metal ions |
| CN104911905B (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2017-06-23 | 天津大学 | Special colour developing identification function fiber of mercury ion and preparation method thereof |
| CN106044947B (en) * | 2016-07-06 | 2019-11-12 | 福州大学 | A kind of ion-exchanger and preparation method thereof based on modified resin |
| CN106914282B (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2020-04-03 | 马鞍山中创环保科技有限公司 | Method for rapidly preparing nickel-removing ion exchange fiber by using cotton fiber |
| CN110860277A (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2020-03-06 | 天津工业大学 | Method for extracting rare earth metal from aminodiacetic acid modified fiber |
| CN111841508B (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2021-08-17 | 南昌航空大学 | Sulfosalicylic acid modified chitosan/silicon dioxide microspheres and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112791710B (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2022-04-01 | 天津工业大学 | Modified polymer fiber ball, preparation method thereof and Cd (II) polluted soil remediation method |
| CN113603283A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-11-05 | 温州科锐环境资源利用有限公司 | Nickel-containing wastewater resource utilization process |
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| CN1260236A (en) * | 1999-12-31 | 2000-07-19 | 西安交通大学 | Cellulose fibre ion-exchange adsorbent for decolouring and its compounding technology |
| CN101569854A (en) * | 2009-06-05 | 2009-11-04 | 河南省科学院化学研究所有限公司 | Arsenic adsorbing fiber and synthesizing method thereof |
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