CN1035488A - 有机-无机复合肥料的制造方法 - Google Patents

有机-无机复合肥料的制造方法 Download PDF

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CN1035488A
CN1035488A CN89101451A CN89101451A CN1035488A CN 1035488 A CN1035488 A CN 1035488A CN 89101451 A CN89101451 A CN 89101451A CN 89101451 A CN89101451 A CN 89101451A CN 1035488 A CN1035488 A CN 1035488A
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fertilizer
phosphorus
organic
nitrogen
digester
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CN1010775B (zh
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白纲义
毛士伟
刘燕仁
俞帆
俞明
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INST OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE HAIDIAN DISTRICT BEIJING
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B18/00—Shaping glass in contact with the surface of a liquid
    • C03B18/02—Forming sheets
    • C03B18/16—Construction of the float tank; Use of material for the float tank; Coating or protection of the tank wall
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
    • C03B5/02—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in electric furnaces, e.g. by dielectric heating
    • C03B5/027—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in electric furnaces, e.g. by dielectric heating by passing an electric current between electrodes immersed in the glass bath, i.e. by direct resistance heating
    • C03B5/03—Tank furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
    • C03B5/04—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in tank furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
    • C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
    • C03B5/18—Stirring devices; Homogenisation
    • C03B5/187—Stirring devices; Homogenisation with moving elements
    • C03B5/1875—Stirring devices; Homogenisation with moving elements of the screw or pump-action type
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
    • C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
    • C03B5/235—Heating the glass
    • C03B5/237—Regenerators or recuperators specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
    • C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
    • C03B5/26—Outlets, e.g. drains, siphons; Overflows, e.g. for supplying the float tank, tweels
    • C03B5/265—Overflows; Lips; Tweels
    • C03B5/267—Overflows; Lips; Tweels specially adapted for supplying the float tank
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
    • Y02P40/57—Improving the yield, e-g- reduction of reject rates
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明渉及一种有机-无机复合肥料的制造方法。该方法包括将人粪与禽粪便按一定比例混合搅拌，然后过滤，过滤后的粪便经调节罐进入消化池中发酵，发酵后输入浓缩机中，分离出10—30％的水分，然后化验检测，并按需要添加一定量的氮、磷、钾无机化肥进行复含，复合后送入干燥塔干燥，并制粒包装。
成品肥中氮、磷、钾基于粪肥总重量为8—6—8％(重)。

Description

本发明涉及一种有机-无机复合肥料的制造方法，特别是涉及一种利用人禽粪便和少量无机化肥制造有机-无机复合肥料的方法。
目前，世界各地现代农业生产的习惯作法多是依赖于大量的化学肥料，杀虫剂和除草剂，并业已证明可大大增加农作物的每亩产量。但这种效果只是短期的，已证明这些方法需要每年或更频繁地重复施用农业化学物质才可保持高生产力。
据有关部门研究报告的结果表明，在经过三至五年的集中使用化学物质后，土壤的自然肥力随着每年连续施用化学物质而显著下降。这种下降的结果导致了每年为保持高产而必须逐渐加大化学肥料的施用量。这样一来就导致了费用增加并且加速了土壤的全部衰退，最终是在五至十年内，农用土地价值全部耗竭殆尽。有些土地明显贫瘠，成为不毛之地，甚至在开荒后，也不能重新长出作物。造成这种结果的原因是多方面的，但主要原因是缺少使用增加天然土壤肥力的有机肥。因为有机肥中含有植物易于吸收的各种元素、矿物质、有机质和营养素。因此有机肥的生产正受到重视。
近年来一些地方的有机肥生产大都是为处理城市垃圾而设计的。这种方法制造的有机肥中含大量的垃圾，特别是一些难于消化的化学制品，从而严重地破坏了农田的生态***，对土壤不利，对农作物生长不利。
本发明的目的是提供一种利用城乡人禽粪便和少量无机化肥生产有机-无机复合肥的方法，用本发明方法制备的有机-无机复合肥可施用于多种土壤和植物品种。本发明方法制备的复合肥含有大量有机质营养素和无机营养成分，是一种长效高效的复合肥，有利于土壤改良。本发明的另一目的是使人禽粪便无害化，使农产品无污染，改善城乡环境卫生状况。
本发明的目的是这样实现的：首先将收集到的人禽粪便按一定配比混合搅拌，然后输入予处理工序的过滤机，过滤后经调节罐进入消化池中，在密闭的消化池中利用厌氧微生物的代谢作用使粪便熟化，并杀死寄生虫卵、部分致病菌和病毒。同时将消化池内产生的沼气作为能源供后续干燥步骤利用。将熟化的粪便送入浓缩机中，分离出其15-35%的水分，以提高后续干燥步骤的效率，取样化验按需要添加含有氮、磷、钾成分的无机化肥，使有机-无机复合肥达到较高的养分含量，成为高效、长效有机-无机复合肥。将复合肥后的含水半成品送入转盘式喷雾干燥机中，使其中的水分在高温干燥空气中汽化，收集干燥的高效、长效有机-无机复合肥，再经制粒包装即为成品。
图1是本发明的生产有机-无机复合肥的工艺流程图。
参照图1所示的生产流程，可以很清楚地了解本发明的有机-无机复合肥料的生产。首先将人粪便与禽粪便按25-35份比75-65份（干物比）的比例混合（城市人粪便含水在95%以上），强制搅拌，将禽粪与人粪充分混匀。然后输入过滤机中（1），将鸡毛等不易发酵的杂物滤出，再将过滤后的粪便用固体泵送入调节罐中（2），通过调节罐（2）继续送入消化池（3）中，调节罐（2）的作用是保持消化池（3）的液位，使每日从消化池中排出的原料得到相应的补充。为避免原料在调节罐中发酵，调节罐应是常压开口式。进入消化池的原料在消化池中进行中温发酵，密闭的消化池采用连续进出料平衡的形式，消化时间为10-15天，发酵温度为20-35℃，产生的沼气压为2kg/cm2。消化池中产生的沼气自压送入贮气罐（4）中暂存，作为能源在燃烧加热室中点燃，加热干空气使其温度达到250-450℃，每日从消化池中输出约占消化池容积15-70%的熟化原料，送入离心式浓缩机（5）中，分离出10-30%的水，以提高粪便在后续步骤中的干燥效率。从浓缩机中排出的原料经化验检测后进入复合池（7）中，化验检测的目的是确定有机-无机复合肥的配方，为达到所需指标，在复合池中添加一定量的氮、磷、钾无机化肥的有效成分，达到指标后，将原料用螺杆泵送入干燥塔（8），经过与来自加热室（6）的干热空气相接触（热空气为250-450℃），使原料中的水分汽化，干燥物从干燥塔下口直接排出;或经旋风分离器（9）分离出，两者排出料一同送入圆盘式或挤压式制粒机造粒（12），加添清爽型改味剂，最后检测包装（13）。从旋风分离器（9）分出温度为70-120℃的热气送入换热器（10）加热从调节罐进入消化池的原料并作为维持消化池中发酵温度所需的热源，以使消化池内温度保持在20-35℃。从干燥塔下口排出的固体和从旋风分离器分出的固体制粒后成为高效有机-无机复合肥颗粒，如不需制粒可直接将粉状肥料作为成品包装。
将本发明方法制得的有机-无机复合肥施用各种不同类型的土壤，则可明显地改善土壤肥力和土壤环境。本发明的有机-无机复合肥可多年施用于农田，而不会有普通氮、磷、钾肥所造成的那些长期衰减的有害结果。其实本发明方法制得的有机-无机复合肥正是为了克服世界范围内使用常规化肥所出现的缺点而发展起来的。
下面的实施例是对本发明的进一步说明，而不是限制本发明。
实施例
将含水95%的人粪48000公斤（含纯人粪2400公斤）通过孔径为1cm的粗筛网过滤，除去大块杂物后，进入搅拌池。将含水量70%的新鲜鸡粪18700公斤（含纯鸡粪5610公斤）直接送入搅拌池。进行强制搅拌，至鸡粪溶开与人粪混匀后，输入过滤机中，将鸡毛等杂物滤出。再将过滤后的粪便使用泵送入调节罐中，继续送入消化池中进行发酵，发酵时间为10天。产出沼气暂存。发酵温度20-35℃。
将消化后原料6000公斤送入离心浓缩机，进行固液分离，分离出3800公斤水，分离后原料含水70%，进行检测，因每批原料中人鸡粪有效养分氮、磷、钾含量不同，根据检测结果，确定添加氮、磷、钾无机化肥量，使干燥后成品的氮、磷、钾含量基于整个有机-无机复合肥的重量百分数为8-6-8%。
一般人、鸡粪有效养份氮、磷、钾含量（%重量）
氮（N） 磷（P2O5） 钾（K2O）
鲜鸡粪    1-1.5    1.54    0.85
人粪干    1    0.5    0.37
人粪尿    0.5-0.8    0.2-0.4    0.2-0.3
常用无机肥氮磷钾含量（%重量）
氮（N） 磷（P2O5） 钾（K2O）
尿素    46
硫酸铵    20-21
磷酸二铵    18    46
硫酸钾    48-52
氯化钾    60
检测后原料在复合池中加入含氮、磷、钾无机化肥进行搅拌混匀。用螺杆泵送入干燥机，干燥料液温度5-10℃。热空气温度330℃，排气温度为110℃，原料全部干燥的完成时间为30-60分钟，收得干燥成品500公斤。蒸发水分1440公斤，产品收率25%。干燥成品状态为粉末状微颗粒，含水约3%（重）。通过挤压式造粒机或圆盘造粒机制粒，颗粒加添清爽型改味剂薄菏油适量，以掩盖不愉快的气味，包装。

Claims (6)

1、一种有机-无机复合肥料的制造方法，该主法包括将人粪与禽粪便按一定比例混合搅拌，然后过滤，过滤后的粪肥经调节罐进入消化池中发酵，发酵后输入浓缩机中，分离出10-30%的水分，然后化验检测，并按需要添加一定量的氮、磷、钾无机化肥进行复合，复合后送入干燥塔干燥，并制粒包装。
2、根据权利要求1的方法，其中人粪便与禽粪的混合比例为25-35份比75-65份（干物比）。
3、根据权利要求1的方法，其中调节罐是常压开口式。
4、根据权利要求1的方法，其中消化池的发酵温度为20-35℃，时间为10-15天，沼气压为2kg/cm。
5、根据权利要求1的方法，其中氮、磷、钾无机化肥的添加量按需要任选。
6、根据权利要求5的方法，其中氮、磷、钾无机化肥的添加量基于整个有机-无机复合肥的重量百分数为8-6-8%。
CN87108382A 1989-03-18 1989-03-18 有机-无机复合肥料的制造方法 Expired CN1010775B (zh)

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7685737B2 (en) 2004-07-19 2010-03-30 Earthrenew, Inc. Process and system for drying and heat treating materials
US7694523B2 (en) 2004-07-19 2010-04-13 Earthrenew, Inc. Control system for gas turbine in material treatment unit
US7882646B2 (en) 2004-07-19 2011-02-08 Earthrenew, Inc. Process and system for drying and heat treating materials
CN101036030B (zh) * 2004-07-19 2011-04-06 伊斯雷纽Ip控股有限公司 用来由粪肥和污物制造肥料的方法和***
US8156662B2 (en) 2006-01-18 2012-04-17 Earthrenew, Inc. Systems for prevention of HAP emissions and for efficient drying/dehydration processes
CN104086311A (zh) * 2014-07-16 2014-10-08 镇江贝思特有机活性肥料有限公司 一种苋菜专用有机无机复混肥料
CN116477980A (zh) * 2023-04-27 2023-07-25 重庆市中绿农业开发有限责任公司 有机无机复合肥料

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7685737B2 (en) 2004-07-19 2010-03-30 Earthrenew, Inc. Process and system for drying and heat treating materials
US7694523B2 (en) 2004-07-19 2010-04-13 Earthrenew, Inc. Control system for gas turbine in material treatment unit
US7882646B2 (en) 2004-07-19 2011-02-08 Earthrenew, Inc. Process and system for drying and heat treating materials
CN101036030B (zh) * 2004-07-19 2011-04-06 伊斯雷纽Ip控股有限公司 用来由粪肥和污物制造肥料的方法和***
US10094616B2 (en) 2004-07-19 2018-10-09 2292055 Ontario Inc. Process and system for drying and heat treating materials
US8156662B2 (en) 2006-01-18 2012-04-17 Earthrenew, Inc. Systems for prevention of HAP emissions and for efficient drying/dehydration processes
CN104086311A (zh) * 2014-07-16 2014-10-08 镇江贝思特有机活性肥料有限公司 一种苋菜专用有机无机复混肥料
CN116477980A (zh) * 2023-04-27 2023-07-25 重庆市中绿农业开发有限责任公司 有机无机复合肥料

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