CN103524189A - Method for preparing tricholoma giganteum cultivating material by utilizing wastes generated by Chinese walnut production and processing - Google Patents
Method for preparing tricholoma giganteum cultivating material by utilizing wastes generated by Chinese walnut production and processing Download PDFInfo
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- CN103524189A CN103524189A CN201310504333.3A CN201310504333A CN103524189A CN 103524189 A CN103524189 A CN 103524189A CN 201310504333 A CN201310504333 A CN 201310504333A CN 103524189 A CN103524189 A CN 103524189A
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Abstract
The invention provides a tricholoma giganteum cultivating material. The tricholoma giganteum cultivating material is characterized by using Chinese walnut branch chips, peel chips and husk chips as main raw materials and bagasse, bran, calcium superphosphate, gypsum powder and the like as auxiliary materials. The water content of the cultivating material is 63-65%. The invention also provides a preparation method of the cultivating material. The tricholoma giganteum cultivating material and the preparation method have the advantages that I. through exposure to the sun, secondary fermentation or stacking and ageing treatment of the Chinese walnut branch chips, peel chips and husk chips, not only are toxic antibacterial substances degraded but also macromolecular substances such as lignin, celluloses and the like are decomposed into simple substances beneficial to absorption of tricholoma giganteum mycelia and growth of the tricholoma giganteum mycelia is promoted; II. the cultivating material is reasonable in proportioning, and the fungus material has good air permeability, strong water retentivity, good tricholoma giganteum growth vigor and high yield and has biological efficiency of 96.4-108.1%; III. not only is a solution provided for harmless treatment of Chinese walnut branches, peels and husks but also a new matrix is found for tricholoma giganteum cultivation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention utilizes Semen Caryae Cathayensis process for processing waste to make golden good fortune mushroom planting material, comprises the compatibility of planting material, and the making method of this planting material, belongs to fungus growing technique field.
Background technology
Jin Fugu has another name called Tricholoma lobayense, large spoken parts in traditional operas mushroom, is a kind of high-quality edible mushroom being in exploitation.Its sporophore is grown thickly, and just, bacterial context is plump for mushroom body circle, and taste is micro-sweet and delicious, has obvious mushroom fragrance, and storage tolerance is good, is described as the taste matter outstanding person in excellent mushroom that holds concurrently.
Jin Fugu belongs to middle and high warm type mushroom, suitablely between summer to autumn, cultivates, and has the advantage of supplementary slack season, and its economic worth is very high, thereby has future develop.
Raw material for cultivating tricholoma lobayense mainly contains cotton seed hulls, weed tree sawdust etc. at present.But nowadays, " bacterium-Lin " contradiction, cotton seed hulls class cost of material continuous rise, Jin Fugu produces the problem that faces shortage of raw materials and production cost rising, so each production unit is all attached great importance to looking for cheap and good-quality alternative materials.
Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pterostyrax Juglandaceae hickory, is a kind of woody oil tree species, and its fruit Semen Caryae Cathayensis is worldwide dry fruit, and the whole world has 18 kinds, 3 subspecies.Semen Caryae Cathayensis has long cultivation history in China, has so far more than 500 year, is mainly distributed in around the temmoku mountain area of Zhejiang, two provinces boundaries, Anhui, is located in north latitude 29
0-31
0, east longitude 118
0-120
0, total cultivated area approximately 8.67 ten thousand hm
2, more than 20,000 tons of annual production.
In Semen Caryae Cathayensis production and the course of processing, can produce three class wastes.The one, the branch producing after pruning.China's Semen Caryae Cathayensis cultivated area is large, prune every year the branch enormous amount falling, yet these branches is not reasonably utilized from Semen Caryae Cathayensis garden, and major part is used as fuel wood; The 2nd, Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell (being formed by exocarp and mesocarp).Semen Caryae Cathayensis fresh fruit gathers, and one deck Pu shell of outside goes out of use after machine is peeled off, and 1 jin of dry seed of Semen Caryae Cathayensis of every output just has the Pu shell of at least 4 jin.These Pu shells, quantity is very large, (Semen Caryae Cathayensis produces in mountain area some woods that shelled also after all, the area that much The mountains are high and the roads are steep will accomplish that in a large number also woods is difficult to carry out), and not and the words of woods, by making charcoal personal or working as biological pesticide, consumption also all too is limited, and therefore a large amount of Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shells is arbitrarily abandoned or burns; The 3rd, Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell, Semen Caryae Cathayensis endocarp, is the duricrust that lignifying stone cell layer forms.Past, Semen Caryae Cathayensis was sold as dry fruit, and its shell is difficult to recycle, and present much Semen Caryae Cathayensis is by deep processing and utilization, for this Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell producing is concentrated in a large number, the most of enterprise of these shells processes it as waste, both increased production cost, again contaminate environment.
Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch, texture of wood is tight, and in unit volume, content of lignin is high; Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell contains higher nutritive substance, and according to surveying and determination, the Pu shell drying contains xylogen approximately 43%, Mierocrystalline cellulose approximately 17%, nitrogen 0.56%, phosphorus 0.339%, potassium 0.797%; Shell contains the compositions such as Mierocrystalline cellulose, xylogen, wherein content of lignin approximately 52%, Mierocrystalline cellulose approximately 11%.These components, can provide essential carbon source for Jin Fugu grows above.But because this three classes waste also contains the materials such as alkaloid and Polyphenols, these materials can suppress the growth of golden good fortune mushroom mycelia, so wish utilizes Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch, Pu shell, shell cultivating tricholoma lobayense, and key is to make these antibacterial substances be decomposed and volatilize.
Edible mushrooms Main Cultivation raw material (cotton seed hulls, wood chip) increasingly shortage today, if Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch, Pu shell, these waste wood matter substitution of resources woods material cultivating tricholoma lobayenses of shell, be not only this behave of falling of an Edible Fungi, but also be a circular agriculture and environmental protection cause behave.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has following two aspects:
1, a kind ofly take the golden good fortune mushroom planting material compatibility that Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch, Pu shell, shell be main raw material
2, the making method of planting material
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A good fortune mushroom planting material compatibility, has following component and quality proportioning: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 10%-14%, Pu shell bits 22%-28%, shell bits 23%-33%, bagasse 18%, wheat bran 15%, calcium superphosphate 1%, terra alba 1%, is all the quality of dry-matter, and proportioning sum is 100%.
Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits: dry, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 2mm-3mm, then put outdoor naturally stack (windrow place is slightly high in the middle of answering, surrounding is slightly low, and has ditch, not ponding), the high 1.5m-2m of stockpile, wide 3m-5m, length is not limit.During windrow, answer the watering of Bian Dui limit, make material fully drenched, keep at ordinary times stockpile moistening (wood grain water content reaches capacity), and stockpile surrounding often there are flowing out.In heap fermentation process, once, turning is 4 times altogether in turning in every 2 months, and time remaining 1 year, after fermentation ends, fully dries material, collects standby.
Pu shell bits: dry, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 5mm-7mm, then put outdoor naturally stack (windrow place is slightly high in the middle of answering, surrounding is slightly low, and has ditch, not ponding), the high 2m-3m of stockpile, wide 5m-10m, length is not limit.During windrow, answer the watering of Bian Dui limit, make material fully drenched, keep at ordinary times stockpile moistening (Pu shell bits water content reaches capacity), and stockpile surrounding often there are flowing out.In heap fermentation process, once, turning is 4 times altogether in every 20d turning, and time remaining three months, after fermentation ends, fully dries material, collects standby.
Shell bits: dry, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 3mm-5mm, be deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year.
Bagasse: sugarcane is squeezed sugar remaining waste residue afterwards, is white in color or yellow-white after being dried, and has sugared aromatising flavour.The thick slag of belt leather must be ground into the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm.The main component of bagasse is approximately 50% Mierocrystalline cellulose, 30% hemicellulose, 15% xylogen and a little ash content, crude protein and soluble sugar.
Wheat bran: wheat is separated wheat cortex in processing flour process, and wheat bran contains abundant enzyme system, protein, carbohydrate, VITAMIN and mineral substance etc.
Calcium superphosphate: be water soluble quick-acting phosphate fertilizer, provide phosphorus, sulphur nutritive ingredient, slightly acidic.
Terra alba: stablize planting material potential of hydrogen, increase calcium, sulphur nutritive ingredient.
The making method of planting material, comprises the steps:
1. shine material: the 1d-2d that before spice, raw material is exposed to the sun, utilize ultraviolet ray to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material, make antibacterial substance decompose volatilization simultaneously;
2. prewet: first Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits are turned evenly under drying regime, thereafter water prewet (fully drenched);
3. the fermentation of banking up: wet feed is piled to high 1.0m-1.2 m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of every heap is controlled at dry weight 300kg-500kg, carry out after heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: when material temperature reaches after 60 ℃, keep 24h, then carry out turning, and turning every day later once, during last turning, add the auxiliary materials such as bagasse, wheat bran, calcium superphosphate, terra alba, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow, turning is 4-5 time altogether, time remaining 6d-7d, while stopping fermentation, the water content of culture material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employings specification is 17cm * 35cm * 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insertion plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out to normal-pressure sterilization, and (after discharge cold air), keeps 10h-12h when kettle temperature reaches 100 ℃, then naturally cools to below 25 ℃.
After planting material access bacterial classification, plastics stopper is changed into tampon, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature is controlled at 27 ℃-28 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 26d-28d, mycelia is covered with pocket, then after-ripening 7d-10d, can enter management of producing mushroom.
It is main raw material that Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits are take in the present invention, is aided with the auxiliary materials such as bagasse, wheat bran, calcium superphosphate, terra alba, makes golden good fortune mushroom planting material.Its advantage is: the one, and Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits, through sunlight exposure, Secondary Fermentation or accumulation ripening, both the poisonous bacteriostatics of having degraded, make again the macromolecular substance such as xylogen, Mierocrystalline cellulose be decomposed into and be conducive to the simple material that golden good fortune mushroom mycelia absorbs, promoted the growth of golden good fortune mushroom mycelia; The 2nd, planting material reasonable ratio, bacterium material good permeability, water-retentivity are strong, and golden good fortune mushroom growing way is good, and output is high, and its biological efficiency reaches 96.4%-108.1%; The 3rd, not only the harmless treatment for Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch, Pu shell, shell provides a terms of settlement, also for a kind of new matrix has been found in golden good fortune mushroom cultivation.
Embodiment
Mode 1: in the present embodiment, golden good fortune mushroom planting material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 10%, Pu shell bits 22%, shell bits 33%, bagasse 18%, wheat bran 15%, calcium superphosphate 1%, terra alba 1%, is all the quality of dry-matter, and proportioning sum is 100%.
Making method:
1. shine material: the 2d that before spice, raw material is exposed to the sun, utilize ultraviolet ray to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material, make antibacterial substance decompose volatilization simultaneously;
2. prewet: first Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits are turned evenly under drying regime, thereafter water prewet (fully drenched);
3. the fermentation of banking up: wet feed is piled to high 1.2 m, wide 3m, the trapezoidal heap of long 5m, carries out after heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 15cm, and at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: when material temperature reaches after 60 ℃, keep 24h, then carry out turning, and turning every day later once, during last turning, add the auxiliary materials such as bagasse, wheat bran, calcium superphosphate, terra alba, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow, turning is 4 times altogether, time remaining 6d, while stopping fermentation, the water content of culture material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employings specification is 17cm * 35cm * 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insertion plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out to normal-pressure sterilization, and (after discharge cold air), keeps 10h when kettle temperature reaches 100 ℃, then naturally cools to below 25 ℃.
After planting material access bacterial classification, plastics stopper is changed into tampon, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature is controlled at 28 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 65%.Through the cultivation of 28d, mycelia is covered with pocket, then after-ripening 8d, enters management of producing mushroom.The biological efficiency of Jin Fugu reaches 108.1%.
Mode 2: in the present embodiment, golden good fortune mushroom planting material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 12%, Pu shell bits 25%, shell bits 28%, bagasse 18%, wheat bran 15%, calcium superphosphate 1%, terra alba 1%, is all the quality of dry-matter, and proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.The biological efficiency of Jin Fugu reaches 100.7%.
Mode 3: in the present embodiment, golden good fortune mushroom planting material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 14%, Pu shell bits 28%, shell bits 23%, bagasse 18%, wheat bran 15%, calcium superphosphate 1%, terra alba 1%, is all the quality of dry-matter, and proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.The biological efficiency of Jin Fugu reaches 96.4%.
The impact of the planting material of table different modes on golden good fortune mushroom biological efficiency
Claims (9)
1. a golden good fortune mushroom planting material, is characterized in that containing following component and quality proportioning: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 10%-14%, Pu shell bits 22%-28%, shell bits 23%-33%, bagasse 18%, wheat bran 15%, calcium superphosphate 1%, terra alba 1%, is all the quality of dry-matter, and proportioning sum is 100%.
2. a kind of golden good fortune mushroom planting material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits are for pruning the branch falling in Semen Caryae Cathayensis garden, through drying, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 2mm-3mm.
3. a kind of golden good fortune mushroom planting material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described Pu shell bits are for Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell, through drying, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 5mm-7mm.
4. a kind of golden good fortune mushroom planting material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, must be through natural packing fermentation, during windrow, answer the watering of Bian Dui limit, make material fully drenched, keep at ordinary times stockpile moistening (bits grain water content reaches capacity), Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch is considered turning in every two months to be worth doing once, composting time remaining 1 year, and Pu shell is considered every 20d turning to be worth doing once, time remaining three months, after fermentation ends, material is fully dried, collect standby.
5. a kind of golden good fortune mushroom planting material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described shell bits are Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell, through drying, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 3mm-5mm, is then deposited in air seasoning place, and ageing 1 year is standby.
6. a kind of golden good fortune mushroom planting material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described bagasse is that sugarcane is squeezed sugar remaining waste residue afterwards, is ground into the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm.
7. a kind of golden good fortune mushroom planting material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described wheat bran is by wheat separated wheat cortex in processing flour process.
8. a making method for the golden good fortune mushroom planting material described in claim 1-7, is characterized in that:
1. shine material: the 1d-2d that before spice, raw material is exposed to the sun, utilize ultraviolet ray to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material, make antibacterial substance decompose volatilization simultaneously;
2. prewet: first Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits are turned evenly under drying regime, thereafter water prewet (fully drenched);
3. the fermentation of banking up: wet feed is piled to high 1.0m-1.2 m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of every heap is controlled at dry weight 300kg-500kg, carry out after heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: when material temperature reaches after 60 ℃, keep 24h, then carry out turning, and turning every day later once, during last turning, add the auxiliary materials such as bagasse, wheat bran, calcium superphosphate, terra alba, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow, turning is 4-5 time altogether, time remaining 6d-7d, while stopping fermentation, the water content of culture material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employings specification is 17cm * 35cm * 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insertion plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out to normal-pressure sterilization, and (after discharge cold air), keeps 10h-12h when kettle temperature reaches 100 ℃, then naturally cools to below 25 ℃.
9. utilize the golden good fortune mushroom planting material described in claim 1-8, it is characterized in that accessing after bacterial classification, plastics stopper is changed into tampon, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature is controlled at 27 ℃-28 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 60%-75%, cultivation through 26d-28d, mycelia is covered with pocket, then after-ripening 7d-10d, can enter management of producing mushroom.
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