CN103518586A - Cultivation pattern for transplanting Macadamia tree - Google Patents
Cultivation pattern for transplanting Macadamia tree Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cultivation pattern for transplanting a Macadamia tree. The cultivation pattern comprises five aspects which are fertilization management, water management, trunk sizing and shaping, main pest control and grown tree transplanting of the Macadamia tree. For the reason that currently cultivated land resources are scarce in China, and according to the characteristic of fruiting in the bore of the Macadamia tree, the management mode of close planting in the front period and transplanting in the rear period is used, the utilization rate of cultivated land can be effectively improved, the economic benefits of planting Macadamias are improved, development of the Macadamias is accelerated, the covering area of forests is enlarged, and great significance is achieved on restoring and protecting the ecological environment and on improving the incomes of farmers.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of plant growing technology, be specifically related to a kind of culture technique of macadamia nut transplanting big tree.
Background technology
China's cultivated land resource is rare at present; and macadamia nut aiphyllium or shrub, its floor space is large, and the present invention is according to thorax fruiting characteristic in macadamia nut; utilize dense planting in early stage; the management mode that later stage transplants, effectively improves the availability of ploughing, and improves the economic benefit of macadamia nut plantation; to accelerating the exploitation of macadamia nut; expand forest-covered area, to recovering and preserving the ecological environment, the income that improves peasant is all significant.
Summary of the invention
The cultivation mode that the object of this invention is to provide a kind of macadamia nut transplanting big tree.Take dense planting in early stage, treat that fruit tree grows up after envelope row, then the later stage transplant, effectively improve land utilization rate, the large tree of macadamia nut of transplanting away (becoming set age) can be realized and bearing fruit then, increases economic efficiency.
In order to achieve the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A cultivation mode for macadamia nut transplanting big tree, mainly comprises following five aspects:
(1) fertilizing management, described fertilizing management comprises earsh fertilizing management and becomes to set age fertilizing management;
A. earsh fertilizing management:
In order to impel children's macadamia Fast Growth in age, using of fertilizer should combine with branch growing state.
1 year above macadamia nut earsh, before annual branch rudiment in the beginning of spring, 7 ~ 10d has to plant between a small amount of branch rudiment, executes lower tip-promoting fertilizer; Then until the young leaves of 60 ~ 80% tip base portions, by pale green, deepened when green, execute lower strong slightly fertile;
2 years above macadamia nut earshs, except needs are executed tip-promoting fertilizer and strong slightly fertilizer, also need be before the annual spring early November tip basal dressing;
Generally, using of described tip-promoting fertilizer is that the macadamia nut earsh of life in 1 year is executed urea 20 ~ 30g/ strain; Macadamia nut earsh 40 ~ 50g/ strain of life in 2 years.
Macadamia nut earsh sealing fertilizer 20 ~ 30g/ strain that described strong slightly fertile using is life in 1 year coordinates potassium sulphate 10 ~ 15g/ strain; Macadamia nut earsh sealing fertilizer 40 ~ 50g/ strain of life in 2 years coordinates potassium sulphate 15 ~ 20g/ strain.
Using of described base manure executed the fertilizer 4 ~ 6kg becoming thoroughly decomposed for every strain.Fertilizer is as chicken manure, cow dung, filter mud etc.
B. become to set age fertilizing management:
For 3 years above raw macadamia nuts, become set age and can be divided into five fertilising stages according to the developmental state of yielding positive results:
1. spend front fertilizer
Because be fruit tree heading season of flowers 1 ~ March, more to nitrogen, phosphorus demand.Therefore conventionally in annual early Febuary, it is main that macadamia heading imposes instant nitrogenousfertilizer early stage, execute urea 100 ~ 150g/ strain/time, coordinate phosphorus potash fertilizer to use simultaneously, execute potassium dihydrogen phosphate 50 ~ 80g/ strain/time; So that the nutritional need of heading while blooming to be provided, improve flowering quality, Accelerate bloom result.
2. blossom fall is fertile
After blossom fall, to supplement the nutrients in time, for young fruit Fast Growth and the required a large amount of nutrition of pumping young sprout, prepare, in annual mid-March, it is main that macadamia is imposed to composite fertilizer, coordinate and apply single nitrogenous fertilizer, every strain applies composite fertilizer 200 ~ 300g and urea 100 ~ 150g at every turn.
3. fruit retention fruit-promoting fertilizer
May blade nitrogen content be down to annual minimum, in blade, at the end of before all obviously declining 4 months of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, to the macadamia that starts to bear fruit, apply composite fertilizer's 500 ~ 600 g/ strains for the first time, to play the strong fruit effect of fruit retention.
Along with growing up and the raising of fruit-setting rate of fruit, to July leaf nitrogen and phosphorus, potassium content all obviously decline, phosphorus, potassium are down to annual minimum, and there is second little peak of shedding, therefore, for avoiding this phenomenon, in mid-June, apply composite fertilizer's 500 ~ 600 g/ strains for the second time, to play the strong fruit effect of fruit retention, prevent shedding.
4. fertile before fruit
Due to the accumulation of fruit oil content and the nutrient consumption of pumping branch, the fruit tree amount of bearing fruit is larger, and the existing fertilizer deficiency of tree body surface is just more outstanding, and plant leaf color and luster shoals green, therefore, at this moment will enrich nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer.To mid-August, again apply composite fertilizer's 300 ~ 500 g/ strains so by the end of July, to keep plant healthy growth, reduce the front non-mellow fruit of results and drop in advance, can improve kernel quality simultaneously.
Fruit tree entered after harvest time simultaneously, because of fruit maturation, regularly concentrating receipts after tree drops chooses, since harvest time to finishing to reach a wheat harvesting period, before entering results season, arrange current fruit front fertile, so both can supplement the nutrition that consume early stage, also can guarantee the nutritional need of plant between harvest season inconvenience fertilizer application period.
5. fertile after fruit
Be the fruit harvest phase September, after finishing harvest time, set body consumption nutritional amt larger, the thing followed is nourishing and growing of next time enlivening, and flower bud differentiation also needs nutrition in addition, therefore need early October again, apply composite fertilizer 1000 ~ 1500g and urea 500 ~ 800g and mix; So that plant recovers rapidly growing situation, provide tree body to take out tip nutrition.
(2) water management, comprises trickle and water drainage;
A. trickle: macadamia nut is very responsive to moisture.After planting, will drench in time normal root water, normal root water is wanted foot.
For tree macadamia nut childhood of new field planting, within first 2 weeks, answer trickle 1 time every day; Trickle 1～2 time weekly in then 2 months; Thereafter the 1st year inherent arid area or without answering at least weekly trickle rainy season 1 time; 2 years above raw macadamias, trickle amount increases according to the age of tree, improves year by year, and the moisture after trickle of take can arrive rhizosphere layer as degree;
B. water drainage: except drought resisting trickle, the high or ponding of macadamia nut garden subterranean water level, also can affect plant strain growth or cause root disease, even dead, therefore in rainy season or high time of rainfall, for a large amount of ponding, need to dredge the other drain ditch of tree root and drain flooded fields in time.
(3) fixed dry and shaping;
Layering shape is evacuated in tree-like general employing.Macadamia is that trilobed wheel is raw, has the bud of 3 tile verticallies in every axil; Macadamia nut earsh for new field planting, in liftoff 60 ~ 80cm place's pinching, 3 axillalry buds are above by vertical growth, select a wherein the most prosperous bud of growing way to do trunk, after all the other two bud pumpings, be cut into the stub of 1～2cm, select two larger buds of angle that stub grows to stay later below and do major branch, when trunk grows to apart from the last time of pinching during bifurcation 40 ~ 50cm, repeat step above; Every major branch is apart from base portion 30～40cm place's pinching, axillary bud sprouting above becomes 3 buds, only stay a bud continued growth to do major branch, two other bud is in its 3～4 joint place's pinching, pinching again when major branch terminal bud grows to apart from branching-point 30 ~ 50cm last time left and right, stay a method the same, Using such method is carried out the branch of higher progression.
(4) main diseases pest control;
For the spike top snout moth's larva of harm branch, the aphid of harm bud, the Bai Lae of harm branches and leaves, caterpillar during fruit maturation, adopts 500 times to 1000 times liquid spraying controls of DDT EC dilution of 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate or 40%; Effect is obvious like this.
(5) become tree transplanting in age;
By the demand to soil, the difference of planting density, the difference of envelope line time, and will partly transplant away at the field planting fruit tree Feng Hanghou of 3 ~ 4 years, improve seeding row spacing.
The macadamia that during common field planting, seeding row spacing is 2 * 2.5m, at the 3rd year envelope row, is transplanted out part fruit tree (66 strain) and is made seeding row spacing become 2.5 * 4m after receiving fruit.
The macadamia that during field planting, seeding row spacing is 2.5 * 4m, at the 4th year envelope row, is transplanted out part fruit tree (33 strain) and is made seeding row spacing become 4 * 5m after receiving fruit.
All plant by 4 * 5m seeding row spacing the 3rd year, the large tree transplanted away for the 4th year.
Composite fertilizer described in the present invention is nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, and its content proportioning is N:P:K=15:15:15, can be bought directly from the market.
The soil selection of the field planting of macadamia nut seedling of the present invention and concrete mode of planting etc. all adopt existing routine techniques.
The present invention from field planting more than the lifes in 3 years of transplanting away macadamia nut become number in age, just can realize the results of bearing fruit then, can realize economic benefit at once.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
The present invention, by the suitable field planting of different plant and row spacing, coordinates the extermination of disease and insect pest of reasonably fertilising, water management, pruning and science, and reasonably transplanting method, can effectively improve the utilization rate in soil and improve macadamia nut planting benefit.Than the concrete advantage applies of the traditional planting patterns of routine (set at the very start seeding row spacing 4 * 5m for) aspect following:
(1) adopt 2 * 2.5m seeding row spacing method to plant, can improve the plantation amount (as planted 133 strains) of unit are, save soil and utilize 3 years, within the 3rd year, per mu yield improves 300% than general planting (seeding row spacing 4 * 5m can plant 33 strains).
(2) adopt 2.5 * 4m seeding row spacing method to plant, also can improve the plantation amount (as planted 66 strains) of unit are, can save soil and utilize 4 years, within the 3rd year, per mu yield improves 200% than general planting (seeding row spacing 4 * 5m can plant 33 strains).
(3) to the large tree shifting out for the 3rd year by the planting ground of 4 * 5m seeding row spacing plantation, First Year just can produce with general planting (seeding row spacing 4 * 5m) and within 3 years, set greatly identical benefit.
(4) to the large tree shifting out for the 4th year by the planting ground of 4 * 5m seeding row spacing plantation, First Year just can produce with general planting (seeding row spacing 4 * 5m) and within 4 years, set greatly identical benefit.
Specific embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, further illustrate the present invention, so that advantages and features of the invention are easier to be understood, it should be understood that embodiments of the invention are only used for the present invention, rather than limitation of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A cultivation mode for macadamia nut transplanting big tree, mainly comprises following five aspects:
(1) fertilizing management, described fertilizing management comprises earsh fertilizing management and becomes to set age fertilizing management;
A. earsh fertilizing management:
In order to impel children's macadamia Fast Growth in age, using of fertilizer should combine with branch growing state.
The macadamia nut earsh of life in 1 year, before branch rudiment in the beginning of spring, 7 ~ 10d has to plant between a small amount of branch rudiment, executes lower tip-promoting fertilizer; Using of tip-promoting fertilizer is that the macadamia nut earsh of life in 1 year is executed urea 20 ~ 30g/ strain; Macadamia nut earsh 40 ~ 50g/ strain of life in 2 years.
Then until the young leaves of 60 ~ 80% tip base portions, by pale green, deepened when green, execute lower strong slightly fertile; Macadamia nut earsh sealing fertilizer 20 ~ 30g/ strain that strong slightly fertile using is life in 1 year coordinates potassium sulphate 10 ~ 15g/ strain; Macadamia nut earsh sealing fertilizer 40 ~ 50g/ strain of life in 2 years coordinates potassium sulphate 15 ~ 20g/ strain.
The macadamia nut earsh of life in 2 years, except needs are executed tip-promoting fertilizer and strong slightly fertilizer, also need be before the spring early November tip basal dressing; Fertilizer (chicken manure or cow dung, the filter mud etc.) 4 ~ 6kg becoming thoroughly decomposed is executed in every strain.
Using as fertilizer is as chicken manure, cow dung, filter mud etc. of described base manure.
B. become to set age fertilizing management:
For 3 years above raw macadamia nuts, become set age and can be divided into five fertilising stages according to the developmental state of yielding positive results:
1. spend front fertilizer
Because be fruit tree heading season of flowers 1 ~ March, more to nitrogen, phosphorus demand.Therefore conventionally in annual early Febuary, it is main that macadamia heading imposes instant nitrogenousfertilizer early stage, execute urea 100 ~ 150g/ strain/time, coordinate phosphorus potash fertilizer to use simultaneously, execute potassium dihydrogen phosphate 50 ~ 80g/ strain/time; So that the nutritional need of heading while blooming to be provided, improve flowering quality, Accelerate bloom result.
2. blossom fall is fertile
After blossom fall, to supplement the nutrients in time, for young fruit Fast Growth and the required a large amount of nutrition of pumping young sprout, prepare, in annual mid-March, it is main that macadamia is imposed to composite fertilizer, coordinate and apply single nitrogenous fertilizer, every strain applies composite fertilizer 200 ~ 300g and urea 100 ~ 150g at every turn.
3. fruit retention fruit-promoting fertilizer
May blade nitrogen content be down to annual minimum, in blade, at the end of before all obviously declining 4 months of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, to the macadamia that starts to bear fruit, apply composite fertilizer's 500 ~ 600 g/ strains for the first time, to play the strong fruit effect of fruit retention.
Along with growing up and the raising of fruit-setting rate of fruit, to July leaf nitrogen and phosphorus, potassium content all obviously decline, phosphorus, potassium are down to annual minimum, and there is second little peak of shedding, therefore, for avoiding this phenomenon, in mid-June, apply composite fertilizer's 500 ~ 600 g/ strains for the second time, to play the strong fruit effect of fruit retention, prevent shedding.
4. fertile before fruit
Due to the accumulation of fruit oil content and the nutrient consumption of pumping branch, the fruit tree amount of bearing fruit is larger, and the existing fertilizer deficiency of tree body surface is just more outstanding, and plant leaf color and luster shoals green, therefore, at this moment will enrich nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer.To mid-August, again apply composite fertilizer's 300 ~ 500 g/ strains so by the end of July, to keep plant healthy growth, reduce the front non-mellow fruit of results and drop in advance, can improve kernel quality simultaneously.
Fruit tree entered after harvest time simultaneously, because of fruit maturation, regularly concentrating receipts after tree drops chooses, since harvest time to finishing to reach a wheat harvesting period, before entering results season, arrange current fruit front fertile, so both can supplement the nutrition that consume early stage, also can guarantee the nutritional need of plant between harvest season inconvenience fertilizer application period.
5. fertile after fruit
Be the fruit harvest phase September, after finishing harvest time, set body consumption nutritional amt larger, the thing followed is nourishing and growing of next time enlivening, and flower bud differentiation also needs nutrition in addition, therefore need early October again, apply composite fertilizer 1000 ~ 1500g and urea 500 ~ 800g and mix; So that plant recovers rapidly growing situation, provide tree body to take out tip nutrition.
(2) water management, comprises trickle and water drainage;
A. trickle: macadamia nut is very responsive to moisture.After planting, will drench in time normal root water, normal root water is wanted foot.
For tree macadamia nut childhood of new field planting, within first 2 weeks, answer trickle 1 time every day; Trickle 1～2 time weekly in then 2 months; Thereafter the 1st year inherent arid area or without answering at least weekly trickle rainy season 1 time; 2 years above raw macadamias, trickle amount increases according to the age of tree, improves year by year, and the moisture after trickle of take can arrive rhizosphere layer as degree.
B. water drainage: except drought resisting trickle, the high or ponding of macadamia nut garden subterranean water level, also can affect plant strain growth or cause root disease, even dead, therefore in rainy season or high time of rainfall, for a large amount of ponding, need to dredge the other drain ditch of tree root and drain flooded fields in time.
(3) fixed dry and shaping;
Layering shape is evacuated in tree-like general employing.Macadamia is that trilobed wheel is raw, has the bud of 3 tile verticallies in every axil; Macadamia nut earsh for new field planting, in liftoff 60 ~ 80cm place's pinching, 3 axillalry buds are above by vertical growth, select a wherein the most prosperous bud of growing way to do trunk, after all the other two bud pumpings, be cut into the stub of 1～2cm, select two larger buds of angle that stub grows to stay later below and do major branch, when trunk grows to apart from the last time of pinching during bifurcation 40 ~ 50cm, repeat step above; Every major branch is apart from base portion 30～40cm place's pinching, axillary bud sprouting above becomes 3 buds, only stay a bud continued growth to do major branch, two other bud is in its 3～4 joint place's pinching, pinching again when major branch terminal bud grows to apart from branching-point 30 ~ 50cm last time left and right, stay a method the same, Using such method is carried out the branch of higher progression.
(4) main diseases pest control;
For the spike top snout moth's larva of harm branch, the aphid of harm bud, the Bai Lae of harm branches and leaves, caterpillar during fruit maturation, adopts 500 times to 1000 times liquid spraying controls of DDT EC dilution of 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate or 40%; Effect is obvious like this.
(5) become tree transplanting in age;
By the demand to soil, the difference of planting density, the difference of envelope line time, and want part fruit tree to transplant away at fruit tree Feng Hanghou, improve seeding row spacing.
During field planting, seeding row spacing is 2 * 2.5m(133 strain) macadamia at the 3rd year envelope row, after receiving fruit, transplant out part fruit tree (66 strain) and make seeding row spacing become 2.5 * 4m.
Embodiment 2
A cultivation mode for macadamia nut transplanting big tree, mainly comprises following five aspects:
(1) fertilizing management, described fertilizing management comprises earsh fertilizing management and becomes to set age fertilizing management;
A. earsh fertilizing management:
In order to impel children's macadamia Fast Growth in age, using of fertilizer should combine with branch growing state.
1 year above macadamia nut earsh, before annual branch rudiment in the beginning of spring, 7 ~ 10d has to plant between a small amount of branch rudiment, executes lower tip-promoting fertilizer; Using of tip-promoting fertilizer is that the macadamia nut earsh of life in 1 year is executed urea 20 ~ 30g/ strain; Macadamia nut earsh 40 ~ 50g/ strain of life in 2 years.
Then until the young leaves of 60 ~ 80% tip base portions, by pale green, deepened when green, execute lower strong slightly fertile; Macadamia nut earsh sealing fertilizer 20 ~ 30g/ strain that strong slightly fertile using is life in 1 year coordinates potassium sulphate 10 ~ 15g/ strain; Macadamia nut earsh sealing fertilizer 40 ~ 50g/ strain of life in 2 years coordinates potassium sulphate 15 ~ 20g/ strain.
The macadamia nut earsh of life in 2 years, except needs are executed tip-promoting fertilizer and strong slightly fertilizer, also need be before the spring early November tip basal dressing; Fertilizer (chicken manure or cow dung, the filter mud etc.) 4 ~ 6kg becoming thoroughly decomposed is executed in every strain.
Using as fertilizer is as chicken manure, cow dung, filter mud etc. of described base manure.
B. become to set age fertilizing management:
For 3 years above raw macadamia nuts, become set age and can be divided into five fertilising stages according to the developmental state of yielding positive results:
1. spend front fertilizer
Because be fruit tree heading season of flowers 1 ~ March, more to nitrogen, phosphorus demand.Therefore conventionally in annual early Febuary, it is main that macadamia heading imposes instant nitrogenousfertilizer early stage, execute urea 100 ~ 150g/ strain/time, coordinate phosphorus potash fertilizer to use simultaneously, execute potassium dihydrogen phosphate 50 ~ 80g/ strain/time; So that the nutritional need of heading while blooming to be provided, improve flowering quality, Accelerate bloom result.
2. blossom fall is fertile
After blossom fall, to supplement the nutrients in time, for young fruit Fast Growth and the required a large amount of nutrition of pumping young sprout, prepare, in annual mid-March, it is main that macadamia is imposed to composite fertilizer, coordinate and apply single nitrogenous fertilizer, every strain applies composite fertilizer 200 ~ 300g and urea 100 ~ 150g at every turn.
3. fruit retention fruit-promoting fertilizer
May blade nitrogen content be down to annual minimum, in blade, at the end of before all obviously declining 4 months of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, to the macadamia that starts to bear fruit, apply composite fertilizer's 500 ~ 600 g/ strains for the first time, to play the strong fruit effect of fruit retention.
Along with growing up and the raising of fruit-setting rate of fruit, to July leaf nitrogen and phosphorus, potassium content all obviously decline, phosphorus, potassium are down to annual minimum, and there is second little peak of shedding, therefore, for avoiding this phenomenon, in mid-June, apply composite fertilizer's 500 ~ 600 g/ strains for the second time, to play the strong fruit effect of fruit retention, prevent shedding.
4. fertile before fruit
Due to the accumulation of fruit oil content and the nutrient consumption of pumping branch, the fruit tree amount of bearing fruit is larger, and the existing fertilizer deficiency of tree body surface is just more outstanding, and plant leaf color and luster shoals green, therefore, at this moment will enrich nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer.To mid-August, again apply composite fertilizer's 300 ~ 500 g/ strains so by the end of July, to keep plant healthy growth, reduce the front non-mellow fruit of results and drop in advance, can improve kernel quality simultaneously.
Fruit tree entered after harvest time simultaneously, because of fruit maturation, regularly concentrating receipts after tree drops chooses, since harvest time to finishing to reach a wheat harvesting period, before entering results season, arrange current fruit front fertile, so both can supplement the nutrition that consume early stage, also can guarantee the nutritional need of plant between harvest season inconvenience fertilizer application period.
5. fertile after fruit
Be the fruit harvest phase September, after finishing harvest time, set body consumption nutritional amt larger, the thing followed is nourishing and growing of next time enlivening, and flower bud differentiation also needs nutrition in addition, therefore need early October again, apply composite fertilizer 1000 ~ 1500g and urea 500 ~ 800g and mix; So that plant recovers rapidly growing situation, provide tree body to take out tip nutrition.
(2) water management, comprises trickle and water drainage;
A. trickle: macadamia nut is very responsive to moisture.After planting, will drench in time normal root water, normal root water is wanted foot.
For tree macadamia nut childhood of new field planting, within first 2 weeks, answer trickle 1 time every day; Trickle 1～2 time weekly in then 2 months; Thereafter the 1st year inherent arid area or without answering at least weekly trickle rainy season 1 time; 2 years above raw macadamias, trickle amount increases according to the age of tree, improves year by year, and the moisture after trickle of take can arrive rhizosphere layer as degree;
B. water drainage: except drought resisting trickle, the high or ponding of macadamia nut garden subterranean water level, also can affect plant strain growth or cause root disease, even dead, therefore in rainy season or high time of rainfall, for a large amount of ponding, need to dredge the other drain ditch of tree root and drain flooded fields in time.
(3) fixed dry and shaping;
Layering shape is evacuated in tree-like general employing.Macadamia is that trilobed wheel is raw, has the bud of 3 tile verticallies in every axil; Macadamia nut earsh for new field planting, in liftoff 60 ~ 80cm place's pinching, 3 axillalry buds are above by vertical growth, select a wherein the most prosperous bud of growing way to do trunk, after all the other two bud pumpings, be cut into the stub of 1～2cm, select two larger buds of angle that stub grows to stay later below and do major branch, when trunk grows to apart from the last time of pinching during bifurcation 40 ~ 50cm, repeat step above; Every major branch is apart from base portion 30～40cm place's pinching, axillary bud sprouting above becomes 3 buds, only stay a bud continued growth to do major branch, two other bud is in its 3～4 joint place's pinching, pinching again when major branch terminal bud grows to apart from branching-point 30 ~ 50cm last time left and right, stay a method the same, Using such method is carried out the branch of higher progression.
(4) main diseases pest control;
For the spike top snout moth's larva of harm branch, the aphid of harm bud, the Bai Lae of harm branches and leaves, caterpillar during fruit maturation, adopts 500 times to 1000 times liquid spraying controls of DDT EC dilution of 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate or 40%; Effect is obvious like this.
(5) become tree transplanting in age;
By the demand to soil, the difference of planting density, the difference of envelope line time, and want part fruit tree to transplant away at fruit tree Feng Hanghou, improve seeding row spacing.
The macadamia that during field planting, seeding row spacing is 2.5 * 4m (66 strain), at the 4th year envelope row, is transplanted out part fruit tree (33 strain) and is made seeding row spacing become 4 * 5m after receiving fruit.
Claims (8)
1. a cultivation mode for macadamia nut transplanting big tree, is characterized in that: mainly comprise following five aspects:
(1) fertilizing management, described fertilizing management comprises earsh fertilizing management and becomes to set age fertilizing management;
A. earsh fertilizing management:
1 year above macadamia nut earsh, before annual branch rudiment in the beginning of spring, 7 ~ 10d has to plant between a small amount of branch rudiment, executes lower tip-promoting fertilizer; Then until the young leaves of 60 ~ 80% tip base portions, by pale green, deepened when green, execute lower strong slightly fertile;
2 years above macadamia nut earshs, except needs are executed tip-promoting fertilizer and strong slightly fertilizer, also need be before the annual spring early November tip basal dressing;
B. become to set age fertilizing management:
For 3 years above raw macadamia nuts, become set age and can be divided into five fertilising stages according to the developmental state of yielding positive results:
1. spend front fertilizer
In annual early Febuary, it is main that macadamia imposes instant nitrogenousfertilizer at heading early stage, execute urea 100 ~ 150g/ strain/time, coordinate phosphorus potash fertilizer to use simultaneously, execute potassium dihydrogen phosphate 50 ~ 80g/ strain/time;
2. blossom fall is fertile
After blossom fall, to supplement the nutrients in time, for young fruit Fast Growth and the required a large amount of nutrition of pumping young sprout, prepare, in annual mid-March, it is main that macadamia is imposed to composite fertilizer, coordinate and apply single nitrogenous fertilizer, every strain applies composite fertilizer 200 ~ 300g and urea 100 ~ 150g at every turn;
3. fruit retention fruit-promoting fertilizer
By the end of April, to the macadamia that starts to bear fruit, apply composite fertilizer's 500 ~ 600 g/ strains for the first time, to play the strong fruit effect of fruit retention; Along with growing up and the raising of fruit-setting rate of fruit, in mid-June, apply composite fertilizer's 500 ~ 600 g/ strains for the second time, to play the strong fruit effect of fruit retention, prevent shedding;
4. fertile before fruit
To mid-August, again apply composite fertilizer's 300 ~ 500 g/ strains by the end of July, to keep plant healthy growth, reduce the front non-mellow fruit of results and drop in advance, can improve kernel quality simultaneously;
5. fertile after fruit
Be the fruit harvest phase September, after finishing harvest time, set body consumption nutritional amt larger, the thing followed is nourishing and growing of next time enlivening, and flower bud differentiation also needs nutrition in addition, therefore need early October again, apply composite fertilizer 1000 ~ 1500g and urea 500 ~ 800g and mix;
(2) water management, comprises trickle and water drainage;
A. trickle: for macadamia nut tree childhood of new field planting, answer trickle 1 time every day for first 2 weeks; Trickle 1～2 time weekly in then 2 months; Thereafter the 1st year inherent arid area or without answering at least weekly trickle rainy season 1 time; 2 years above raw macadamias, trickle amount increases according to the age of tree, improves year by year, and the moisture after trickle of take can arrive rhizosphere layer as degree;
B. water drainage: in rainy season or high time of rainfall, for a large amount of ponding, need to dredge the other drain ditch of tree root and drain flooded fields in time;
(3) fixed dry and shaping;
Macadamia is that trilobed wheel is raw, has the bud of 3 tile verticallies in every axil; Macadamia nut earsh for new field planting, in liftoff 60 ~ 80cm place's pinching, 3 axillalry buds are above by vertical growth, select a wherein the most prosperous bud of growing way to do trunk, after all the other two bud pumpings, be cut into the stub of 1～2cm, select two larger buds of angle that stub grows to stay later below and do major branch, when trunk grows to apart from the last time of pinching during bifurcation 40 ~ 50cm, repeat step above; Every major branch is apart from base portion 30～40cm place's pinching, axillary bud sprouting above becomes 3 buds, only stay a bud continued growth to do major branch, two other bud is in its 3～4 joint place's pinching, pinching again when major branch terminal bud grows to apart from branching-point 30 ~ 50cm last time left and right, stay a method the same, Using such method is carried out the branch of higher progression;
(4) main diseases pest control;
For the spike top snout moth's larva of harm branch, the aphid of harm bud, the Bai Lae of harm branches and leaves, caterpillar during fruit maturation, adopts 500 times to 1000 times liquid spraying controls of DDT EC dilution of 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate or 40%;
(5) become tree transplanting in age;
By the demand to soil, the difference of planting density, the difference of envelope line time, and will partly transplant away at the field planting fruit tree Feng Hanghou of 3 ~ 4 years, improve seeding row spacing.
2. the cultivation mode of macadamia nut transplanting big tree according to claim 1, is characterized in that: using of described base manure executed the fertilizer 4 ~ 6kg becoming thoroughly decomposed for every strain.
3. the cultivation mode of macadamia nut transplanting big tree according to claim 1, is characterized in that: using of described tip-promoting fertilizer is that the macadamia nut earsh of life in 1 year is executed urea 20 ~ 30g/ strain; Macadamia nut earsh 40 ~ 50g/ strain of life in 2 years.
4. the cultivation mode of macadamia nut transplanting big tree according to claim 1, is characterized in that: macadamia nut earsh sealing fertilizer 20 ~ 30g/ strain that described strong slightly fertile using is life in 1 year coordinates potassium sulphate 10 ~ 15g/ strain; Macadamia nut earsh sealing fertilizer 40 ~ 50g/ strain of life in 2 years coordinates potassium sulphate 15 ~ 20g/ strain.
5. the cultivation mode of macadamia nut transplanting big tree according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described composite fertilizer is nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, and its content proportioning is N:P:K=15:15:15.
6. the cultivation mode of macadamia nut transplanting big tree according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the macadamia that when described one-tenth tree in age is transplanted as field planting, seeding row spacing is 2 * 2.5m, at the 3rd year envelope row, is transplanted out part fruit tree and made seeding row spacing become 2.5 * 4m after receiving fruit.
7. the cultivation mode of macadamia nut transplanting big tree according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the macadamia that when described one-tenth tree in age is transplanted as field planting, seeding row spacing is 2.5 * 4m, at the 4th year envelope row, is transplanted out part fruit tree and made seeding row spacing become 4 * 5m after receiving fruit.
8. according to the cultivation mode of the macadamia nut transplanting big tree described in claim 6 or 7, it is characterized in that: all plant by 4 * 5m seeding row spacing described the 3rd year, the large tree transplanted away for the 4th year.
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| CN103988700A (en) * | 2014-06-03 | 2014-08-20 | 重庆强华生物科技产业有限公司 | Ecological forest and ecological tea garden combined building method |
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| CN105123387A (en) * | 2015-07-29 | 2015-12-09 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Macadamia nut grafting and cultivating method |
| CN105393776A (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2016-03-16 | 广西合山市润鸿农业技术有限公司 | Macadamia nut cultivation method |
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