CN103504454B - Food dipping method based on strong electrolyte ion current controlled by function signal - Google Patents
Food dipping method based on strong electrolyte ion current controlled by function signal Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a food dipping method based on a strong electrolyte ion current controlled by a function signal, and belongs to the technical field of electromagnetic food processing. (A) Drive units comprise an any function signal generator and a power amplifier; (B) sensing units comprise an annular silicon steel iron core, a silicone tube winding and a copper coil winding; (C) dipping units comprise a dipping groove and a vacuum pump. A specific periodic function signal is generated through the function signal generator and amplified through the power amplified for stimulating the copper coil winding at one end, generating changed magnetic flux in the annular silicon steel iron core and generating an induced electromotive force in the silicone tube winding filled up with an electrolyte solution at the other end. Under the drive action of the induced electromotive force, positive and negative ions in a solution loop system directionally move for finishing a food dipping process, and a strong electrolyte ionic compound is required as a dipping solution. According to the food dipping method, the problems of electrolysis of the dipping solution and corrosion and scaling of a polar plate due to an electrochemical reaction are avoided, and a principle is different from electrolysis, electrophoresis, electrodialysis and electroplating technologies.
Description
Technical field
Based on a food impregnation processability method for the strong electrolyte gas current that function signal controls, the present invention relates to a kind of novel foodstuff impregnation processability method, be applicable to the maceration extract of strong electrolyte class, belong to and use electromagnetic food processing technology field.The present invention, compared with Vacuum infusion techniques, can complete the impregnation process to raw-food material within the shorter time.The reinforcement of wet method salt marsh, coloring treatment and trace mineral element can be completed.
Background technology
The infusion of food processing method of Chinese tradition comprises five large classes, i.e. salt marsh, marinate, cured with germented grains, saucing and sugaring.Infusion of food is of a great variety, and the product be wherein widely known by the people has all kinds of pickles, pickles, acid bubble ginger splices, seasoning sunflower seed, salted eggs, Chicken Feet with Pickled Peppers and pigskin, wine preserved crab etc., and they are all subject to the favor of people.The object of impregnation process penetrates in food tissue space and cell by all kinds of solute ions in dipping solution and molecule such as hydrogen, sodium, potassium, calcium, iron, selenium, chlorion and sucrose, alcohol micromolecular, remove the portion of water in food simultaneously due to permeable pressure head, produce good local flavor.In this process, in maceration extract solutes accumulation speed be subject to that the partial pressure of various material inside and outside histocyte is poor, the impact of dipping temperature, environmental pressure and raw-food material voidage.The aquatic products of particularly brine cure in infusion of food, because solutes accumulation speed is slow, steeping can cause rotten, so general how pickled in the cold storage environment of 5 DEG C, inevitably cause the loss of soluble protein, vitamin, mineral matter and pigment because the time is long.For accelerating the impregnation process of food, usually only having and being undertaken by improving dipping temperature, improving solute concentration and changing environment atmospheric pressure.But because high temperature can cause the fermentation of infusion of food and become sour, therefore improve the mode that temperature accelerates impregnation process, industrially rarely have employing.Improve maceration extract solute concentration and then can form " high salt " product, and later stage desalinating process operation must be increased.Current maturation application and the technology accelerating food impregnation process only has Vacuum infusion techniques (Vacuum Impregnation is called for short VI), central principle be utilize pressure reduction to cause hydrodynamics mechanism and relaxation of deformation phenomenon to improve pickled efficiency.There is hole in food tissue cell, form low pressure bubble under vacuum at internal batch, also cause iuntercellular distance to increase and mass expanded, under intraor extracellular pressure reduction and capillary effect, outside liquid more easily infiltrates simultaneously.Usually in several tens minutes, complete the impregnation process of food, compared with several days needed for flooding with normal pressure or tens day time, substantially reduce process time, therefore can extensive use.
The conductor of electric current is divided into two large classes, and the first kind is metallic conductor, and current forms is electronic current, and Equations of The Second Kind is electrolyte solution or fused electrolyte.Electrolyte can be divided into strong electrolyte and weak electrolyte, and strong electrolyte can ionize in the solution completely, mostly is ionic compound and most of salt, and weak electrolyte ionization not exclusively, mostly is covalent compound.The conductive capability of electrolyte solution and degree of ionization, concentration, temperature have correlation, and current forms is gas current.Due to containing a large amount of band negative ions in electrolyte solution, directional migration can occur in the environment having electrical potential difference, the technology application according to this principle comprises electrolysis, plating, electrophoresis and electrodialysis.They are all cause ion displacement by producing electrical potential difference between electrode, and wherein electrolysis, plating, electrodialytic handling object mostly are the negative ions in electrolyte, and its molecular weight is little; Electrophoresis then processes for the protein macromolecule class of some surfaces in solution with a large amount of positron-electron.
Namely induction gas current makes it produce induced electromotive force to drive ionic transfer in solution loop system as " driving source " being full of the magnetic flux introducing change in electrolytical helical pipeline.The induced electromotive force according to the variation rate of magnetic flux difference of its coil in solution loop system with different rule produces, and then has different driving effects.This is because according to the motion of charged ion in electric field, the power (F) of push belt electron ion motion equals the product of ion institute with net charge amount (Q) and electric-field intensity (X), i.e. F=QX.Because flux change rate is different, then the alternation induced electromotive force produced is different at the peak value of positive negative direction, and namely the electric field force size that is subject at different directions of ion is different with the duration.And the reach of ion to be subject to equally resistance (
f) impact, for a spheroidal ion of class, obey Stokes' law, that is:
f=6 π r η ν (r is ion particle radius, and η is the solution medium coefficient of viscosity, and ν is ionic transfer speed), when equilibrium is reached, charged ion uniform motion, i.e. F=
f.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of food impregnation processability method of the strong electrolyte gas current based on function signal control, relate to a kind of novel foodstuff impregnation processability method, principle generates specific periodic signal waves by function signal generator, through power amplifier signal code amplified and encourage the coil windings of mutual inductance silicon steel core one end, the magnetic flux of change is full of the induced electromotive force producing respective change rule in the spiral silicone tube winding pipeline of strong electrolytic solution and drives the ion in conducting loop as " driving source " and form directional migration at the other end.Because induced electromotive force Changing Pattern is different, ion is subject to " forward " and the electric field force size of " negative sense " and duration have different, and then makes ion have different stepping effects.According to the ion characteristic of solution system, select suitable function waveform to reach best dipping effect.As shown in Figure 1, waveform example is as Fig. 2 for know-why.
Technical scheme of the present invention: a kind of food impregnation processability method of the strong electrolyte gas current based on function signal control, the component units of apparatus of the present invention has (A) driver element: comprise arbitrary function signal generator (1), power amplifier (2); Arbitrary function signal generator (1) is connected with power amplifier (2); (B) sensing unit: comprise annular silicon steel iron core (3), silicone tube winding (4), copper coil winding (5); One end of annular silicon steel iron core (3) is around copper coil winding (5), and the other end of annular silicon steel iron core (3) is around silicone tube winding (4); Copper coil winding (5) is connected with power amplifier (2); Silicone tube winding (4) two ends are connected with the conducting orifice at dipping tank (6) two ends respectively, make strong electrolytic solution form closed-loop path; (C) impregnating unit: comprise dipping tank (6), vavuum pump (7), vavuum pump (7) and dipping tank (6) are connected;
The periodic signal of specific rule is generated by function generator, through power amplifier signal voltage amplified and encourage the copper coil winding of annular silicon steel core one end, wherein amplification voltage signal distortion rate≤0.1%, the magnetic flux of periodic law change makes the annular silicon steel iron core other end be full of in the spiral silicone tube winding of strong electrolytic solution to produce the induced electromotive force of corresponding rule change to drive ion generation directional migration in maceration extract system as " driving source "; According to the ion characteristic of solution system, select the dipping effect that the periodic function waveform be applicable to reaches best; When periodic function waveform sends, now strong electrolyte maceration extract electrical conductivity need in 20 ~ 60mS/cm scope, the magnetic flux then changed can generate the alternation induced electromotive force of 500mV ~ 1.8V at dipping tank two ends, all can complete dipping in 5min when food materials thickness is within 3cm, namely in food materials internal and external environment, the volumetric concentration of maceration extract solute is basically identical.
Any waveform customization signal of the function signal generator generated frequency 1Hz ~ 100Hz in driver element, in 1 cycle, signal has 1 rising edge, 2 trailing edges, the slope of rising edge is greater than the slope of trailing edge, fabric width scope 10Vpp(± 5V) within, output impedance 50 Ω, the amplification of the compatible arbitrary function waveform of the power amplifier used, total power frequency range 1Hz ~ 100Hz, output voltage fabric width 300Vpp(± 150V), output current 0 ~ 40mA, input impedance 50 Ω, is activated at the coil windings of rectangular silicon steel core side.
Annular silicon steel iron core in sensing unit is silicon steel rectangle iron core, and copper coil winding is single-layer winding, and copper wire diameter scope 0.6 ~ 0.8mm, the number of turn is 120 ~ 150 circles, is connected with power amplifier.
Its material of silicone tube winding being full of strong electrolyte maceration extract is good insulating, pliability is good, nonpoisonous and tasteless food-grade platinum silicone tube, inside diameter ranges 1 ~ 5mm, pipe thickness 3mm, winding is its number of turn scope of single-layer winding is 10 ~ 20 circles, silicone tube two ends with connect with the conducting orifice of dipping tank both sides respectively and be communicated with, maceration extract is made to be the circuit system of circulation, when the magnetic flux that specific rule changes produces, maceration extract electrical conductivity is when 20 ~ 60mS/cm, the induced electromotive force of the specific rule change of 500mV ~ 1.8V can be generated at dipping tank two ends, directed driven effect can be produced to the different ions in maceration extract, thus the impregnation process completed food.Induced electromotive force is by inserting platinum plate electrode at dipping tank two ends and being examined by voltsalternating table, platinum plate electrode size 5mm × 5mm × 0.15mm.
In impregnating unit, glass-impregnated groove is cylindrical structural internal diameter 80mm, length 300mm, wall thickness 3mm, top leave vacuum-pumping valve and can the seal cover of sample introduction or sampling, there is conducting orifice the middle part of dipping tank both sides, can be connected with silicone tube, make its whole steeping liq be tied to form closed circuit, be controlled the circulation of maceration extract system by vavuum pump.
Then by the specific waveforms periodic function signal of function signal generator generated frequency at 1Hz ~ 100Hz, in 1 cycle, signal has 1 rising edge, 2 trailing edges, the slope of rising edge is greater than the slope of trailing edge, its fabric width scope is at 10Vpp(± 5V), output impedance 50 Ω, signal passes through total power frequency range at 1Hz ~ 100Hz, output voltage fabric width is at 300Vpp(± 150V), output current is at 0 ~ 40mA, voltage signal also amplifies by the power amplifier of input impedance 50 Ω, be activated at the coil windings of rectangular silicon steel core side, coil windings is single-layer winding, copper wire diameter scope is 0.6 ~ 0.8mm, the number of turn is at 120 ~ 150 circles.So the magnetic flux of the regular change of meeting produces in the silicone tube winding being full of strong electrolyte dipping solution, wherein silicone tube material is good, the nonpoisonous and tasteless food-grade platinum silicone tube of good insulating, pliability, inside diameter ranges 1 ~ 5mm, pipe thickness 3mm, winding is its number of turn scope of single-layer winding is 10 ~ 20 circles.When the magnetic flux that specific rule changes produces, maceration extract electrical conductivity is when 20 ~ 60mS/cm, the induced electromotive force of the specific rule change of 500mV ~ 1.8V can be generated at dipping tank two ends, directed driven effect can be produced to the different ions in maceration extract, thus complete the impregnation process to food.Induced electromotive force is by inserting platinum plate electrode at dipping tank 2 end and being examined by voltsalternating table, platinum plate electrode size 5mm × 5mm × 0.15mm.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: can complete the impregnation processability to food materials fast, maceration extract need belong to the ionic compound class of strong electrolyte.By the food materials of wet method salt marsh, painted and mineral nutrient element intensive treatment, all can among 5mins complete dipping when thickness is within 3cm for needing, after namely stable, the volumetric concentration of food materials internal and external environment solute is basically identical.During impregnation process, solution concentration is suitable in 20 ~ 60mS/cm scope at 0.01% ~ 6% and electrical conductivity.Ion concentration is large, then respond to ion current density too high, make the production convection current of solution loop system or turbulent flow, be then unfavorable for ionic impregnation.Directional migration driving force due to electrolyte ion derives from induced electromotive force but not direct-insert energising pole plate, therefore present invention, avoiding the maceration extract electrolysis and pole plate corrosion and scaling problem that bring due to electrochemical reaction, principle is different from current electrolysis, electrophoresis, electrodialysis and electroplating technology completely.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The food dipping technique principle schematic of a kind of strong electrolyte gas current based on function signal control of Fig. 1.1, arbitrary function signal generator, 2, power amplifier, 3, annular silicon steel iron core, 4, silicone tube winding, 5, copper coil winding, 6, dipping tank, 7, vavuum pump.
Fig. 2 flux change and induced electromotive force exemplary plot.
The function signal oscillogram of Fig. 3 salt marsh green plum.
After Fig. 4 responds to gas current process 5min, green plum interior tissue microcosmic salinity is observed.
The function signal oscillogram of Fig. 5 calcium salt dipping apple.
After Fig. 6 responds to gas current process 5min, apple internal organizes microcosmic calcium salt cloth to observe.
The function signal oscillogram of the painted dipping of Fig. 7 melon seeds.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1 salt marsh green plum
Take 300 grams, green plum, clean and be placed in dipping tank, the cavity size of groove is internal diameter 80mm, length 300mm, wall thickness 3mm.The sodium chloride pickling liquid of implantation quality mark 5% concentration is until submergence sample, and now adopting plum Teller-Tuo benefit FE30 conductivity meter to record pickled electrical conductivity of solution is 55mS/cm.Open vacuum pump evacuation after dipping tank sealing until solution is full of silica gel pipeline, the dipping solution in system becomes loop state.Wherein silicone tube material is good, the nonpoisonous and tasteless food-grade platinum silicone tube of good insulating, pliability, and internal diameter 2mm, pipe thickness 3mm, silicone tube is wrapped on rectangular silicon steel core one end, and silicone tube winding is single-layer winding, and number of turn scope is 20 circles.After this generate the periodic function signal of specific waveforms by general source DG1022 type function signal generator, in 1 cycle, signal has 1 rising edge, 2 trailing edges, and the slope of rising edge is greater than the slope of trailing edge, oscillogram as shown in Figure 3, cycle 750ms, t
0=0s, t
1=100ms, t
2=250ms, t
3=400ms, t
4=500ms, t
5=650ms, t
6=750ms, V
1=2.5V, V
2=5V, its waveform fabric width V
pp=5V, the power amplifier that voltage signal is 2350 by U.S. TEGAM board model again amplifies 10 times, is activated at the coil windings of the rectangular silicon steel core other end with this, coil windings is single-layer winding, copper wire diameter 0.8mm, the number of turn 140 is enclosed, and now the induced electromotive force of system is 1.2V.Take out green plum after starting 5min, namely reach Infusion entails, now green plum salt content is 4.6%, and untreated front green plum salt content is 0.2%.
The microcosmic detection of salt marsh effect, adopts the inner salt distribution situation in the tissue at fruit stone position of sem observation green plum, and as shown in Figure 4, after can finding out 5min process, green plum interior tissue is containing obvious salinity.Detection method: get the green plum meat near fruit stone position, be cut into the rectangular block shape of 4mm × 1.5mm × 5mm, directly be placed in liquid nitrogen freezing (-210 DEG C) 5min, by its brittle failure after taking-up, rapid dehydration 30min under-45 DEG C of cold-traps, vacuum 12Pa environment of freeze dryer.Dry sample surfaces metal spraying, observes, as shown in Figure 4 under Dutch Quanta 200 SEM.
The calcium constituent fortification of embodiment 2 apple
Apple is cleaned and is peeled, be cut into 3 × 3 × 3cm block, take 400g, be placed in dipping tank, dipping tank cavity size is internal diameter 80mm, length 300mm, wall thickness 3mm, the food grade lactic acid calcium solution submergence sample of implantation quality mark 1000mg/kg, now adopting plum Teller-Tuo benefit FE30 conductivity meter to record pickled electrical conductivity of solution is 22mS/cm, vacuum pump evacuation is opened until solution is full of silica gel pipeline after sealing, solution in system becomes loop state, wherein silicone tube material is good insulating, pliability is good, nonpoisonous and tasteless food-grade platinum silicone tube, inside diameter ranges 4mm, pipe thickness 3mm, silicone tube is wrapped in rectangle silicon steel mutual inductance iron core one end, silicone tube winding is single-layer winding, the number of turn is 15 circles.Generate the periodic function signal of specific waveforms by general source DG1022 type function signal generator, in 1 cycle, signal has 1 rising edge, 2 trailing edges, and the slope of rising edge is greater than the slope of trailing edge, oscillogram as shown in Figure 5, cycle 540ms, t
0=0s, t
1=50ms, t
2=100ms, t
3=220ms, t
4=300ms, t
5=420ms, t
6=540ms, V
1=4V, V
2=8V, its waveform fabric width Vpp=8V, voltage signal is after the power amplifier that the model of U.S. TEGAM board is 2350 amplifies 10 times, be activated at the coil windings of the square shaped iron core other end, coil windings is single-layer winding, copper wire diameter 0.8mm, the number of turn is at 150 circles, and now the induced electromotive force of solution system is 800mV.Take out after keeping 5min, namely apple block reaches Infusion entails, the calcium content 0.1mg/g now in apple grunt, and untreated front calcium content 0.003mg/g.
The microcosmic detection of calcium constituent dipping effect, adopts the calcium salt distribution situation in sem observation apple grunt interior tissue, and as shown in Figure 6, after can finding out 5min process, apple internal is organized containing obvious calcium salt.Detection method: get apple internal pulp organization, be cut into the rectangular block shape of 4mm × 1.5mm × 5mm, directly be placed in liquid nitrogen freezing (-210 DEG C) 5min, by its brittle failure after taking-up, rapid dehydration 30min under-45 DEG C of cold-traps, vacuum 12Pa environment of freeze dryer.Dry sample surfaces metal spraying, observes, as shown in Figure 6 under Dutch Quanta 200 SEM.
Embodiment 3: melon seeds are painted
Adopt synthetic dyestuff amaranth, molecular formula C
20h
11o
10n
2s
3na
3, water colo(u)r.This example is the stable colouring of plant fibre surface.Sunflower seeds takes 500 grams, is placed in dipping tank, and dipping tank cavity size is internal diameter 80mm, length 300mm, the amaranth maceration extract of wall thickness 3mm, implantation concentration 40mg/kg is until submergence sample, and now adopting plum Teller-Tuo benefit FE30 conductivity meter to record pickled electrical conductivity of solution is 20mS/cm.Vacuum pump evacuation is opened until solution is full of silica gel pipeline after sealing, solution in system becomes loop state, wherein silicone tube material is good, the nonpoisonous and tasteless food-grade platinum silicone tube of good insulating, pliability, inside diameter ranges 5mm, pipe thickness 3mm, silicone tube is wrapped in rectangular silicon steel core one end, and silicone tube winding is single-layer winding, and the number of turn is 20 circles.Generate the periodic function signal of specific waveforms by general source DG1022 type function signal generator, in 1 cycle, signal has 1 rising edge, 2 trailing edges, and the slope of rising edge is greater than the slope of trailing edge, oscillogram as shown in Figure 7, cycle 440ms, t
0=0s, t
1=80ms, t
2=120ms, t
3=240ms, t
4=280ms, t
5=400ms, t
6=440ms, V
1=5V, V
2=10V, its waveform fabric width Vpp=10V, voltage signal is after the power amplifier that the model of U.S. TEGAM board is 2350 amplifies 10 times, be activated at the coil windings of the square type silicon steel core other end, copper winding is single-layer winding, copper wire diameter 0.8mm, the number of turn is at 140 circles, and now the induced electromotive force of solution system is 900mV.Keep taking out after 5min, by sensory evaluation and compared with the melon seeds of Dipping same time, the melon seeds color stability of this method process, after rinsing, color and luster does not take off.That edits according to " food additives handbook (third edition) " Ling Guanting analyzes about coloring matter total content assay method OT-15, amaranth content 18mg/kg in melon seed cases after process, and in the melon seed cases of Dipping process 5min, amaranth content is 5mg/kg.
Claims (5)
1., based on a food impregnation processability method for the strong electrolyte gas current of function signal control, it is characterized in that the component units of device has (A) driver element: comprise arbitrary function signal generator (1), power amplifier (2); Arbitrary function signal generator (1) is connected with power amplifier (2); (B) sensing unit: comprise annular silicon steel iron core (3), silicone tube winding (4), copper coil winding (5); One end of annular silicon steel iron core (3) is around copper coil winding (5), and the other end of annular silicon steel iron core (3) is around silicone tube winding (4); Copper coil winding (5) is connected with power amplifier (2); Silicone tube winding (4) two ends are connected with the conducting orifice at dipping tank (6) two ends respectively, make strong electrolytic solution form closed-loop path; (C) impregnating unit: comprise dipping tank (6), vavuum pump (7), vavuum pump (7) and dipping tank (6) are connected;
The periodic signal of specific rule is generated by function generator, through power amplifier signal voltage amplified and encourage the copper coil winding of annular silicon steel core one end, wherein amplification voltage signal distortion rate≤0.1%, the magnetic flux of periodic law change makes the annular silicon steel iron core other end be full of in the spiral silicone tube winding of strong electrolytic solution to produce the induced electromotive force of corresponding rule change to drive ion generation directional migration in maceration extract system as " driving source "; According to the ion characteristic of solution system, select the dipping effect that the periodic function waveform be applicable to reaches best; When periodic function waveform sends, now strong electrolyte maceration extract electrical conductivity need in 20 ~ 60mS/cm scope, the magnetic flux then changed can generate the alternation induced electromotive force of 500mV ~ 1.8V at dipping tank two ends, all can complete dipping in 5min when food materials thickness is within 3cm, namely in food materials internal and external environment, the volumetric concentration of maceration extract solute is basically identical.
2. the food impregnation processability method of the strong electrolyte gas current based on function signal control according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, function signal generator in driver element can any waveform customization of generated frequency 1Hz ~ 100Hz, in 1 cycle, signal has 1 rising edge, 2 trailing edges, the slope of rising edge is greater than the slope of trailing edge, fabric width scope 10Vpp, + 5V ~-5 V, output impedance 50 Ω, the amplification of the compatible arbitrary function waveform of the power amplifier used, total power frequency range 1Hz ~ 100Hz, output voltage fabric width 300Vpp, + 150V ~-150V, output current 0 ~ 40mA, input impedance 50 Ω.
3. the food impregnation processability method of the strong electrolyte gas current based on function signal control according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, annular silicon steel iron core in sensing unit is silicon steel rectangle iron core, copper coil winding is single-layer winding, copper wire diameter scope 0.6 ~ 0.8mm, the number of turn is 120 ~ 150 circles, is connected with power amplifier.
4. the food impregnation processability method of the strong electrolyte gas current based on function signal control according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, its material of silicone tube winding being full of strong electrolyte maceration extract is good, the nonpoisonous and tasteless food-grade platinum silicone tube of good insulating, pliability, inside diameter ranges 1 ~ 5mm, pipe thickness 3mm, winding is its number of turn scope of single-layer winding is 10 ~ 20 circles, silicone tube two ends connect with the conducting orifice of dipping tank both sides respectively and are communicated with, and make maceration extract be the circuit system of circulation.
5. the food impregnation processability method of the strong electrolyte gas current based on function signal control according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in impregnating unit, glass-impregnated groove is cylindrical structural internal diameter 80mm, length 300mm, wall thickness 3mm, top leave vacuum-pumping valve and can the seal cover of sample introduction or sampling, there is conducting orifice the middle part of dipping tank both sides, can be connected with silicone tube, make its whole steeping liq be tied to form closed circuit, be controlled the circulation of maceration extract system by vavuum pump.
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GB2141738A (en) * | 1983-06-09 | 1985-01-03 | Kogai Boshi Sogo Kenkyusho Kk | Electrolyzed water producing apparatus |
CA2349288C (en) * | 1998-11-19 | 2004-12-14 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Microorganism reduction methods and compositions for food |
CA2808386A1 (en) * | 2010-08-19 | 2012-02-23 | Astom Corporation | Ion exchange membrane comprising long filament fiber layers |
CN102699321A (en) * | 2012-06-11 | 2012-10-03 | 华东理工大学 | Plasma coupling structure microsphere for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and manufacturing method thereof |
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GB2141738A (en) * | 1983-06-09 | 1985-01-03 | Kogai Boshi Sogo Kenkyusho Kk | Electrolyzed water producing apparatus |
CA2349288C (en) * | 1998-11-19 | 2004-12-14 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Microorganism reduction methods and compositions for food |
CA2808386A1 (en) * | 2010-08-19 | 2012-02-23 | Astom Corporation | Ion exchange membrane comprising long filament fiber layers |
CN102699321A (en) * | 2012-06-11 | 2012-10-03 | 华东理工大学 | Plasma coupling structure microsphere for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and manufacturing method thereof |
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