CN103500496B - Electric power data multi-way communication system and multi-way centralized meter reading system - Google Patents
Electric power data multi-way communication system and multi-way centralized meter reading system Download PDFInfo
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- CN103500496B CN103500496B CN201310469562.6A CN201310469562A CN103500496B CN 103500496 B CN103500496 B CN 103500496B CN 201310469562 A CN201310469562 A CN 201310469562A CN 103500496 B CN103500496 B CN 103500496B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an electric power data multi-way communication system. The electric power data multi-way communication system comprises a main station terminal, a PLC (programmable logic controller) network, a centralizer and a meter, wherein the main station terminal, the centralizer and the meter are subjected to communication and coupling through the PLC network. The electric power data multi-way communication system further comprises a centralizer end module arranged at the centralizer end as well as a meter end module arranged at the meter end; the centralizer end module is connected with the meter end module through an electric power line protocol. The invention also discloses a multi-way centralized meter reading system. According to the electric power data multi-way communication system and the multi-way centralized meter reading system disclosed by the invention, communication modules are intelligent nodes, and intelligent modules interact for instant networking, and the networking is not controlled by the centralizer; real-time, rapid and stable communication is achieved; the antidamping and noise resistant capabilities of the systems are improved further on the networking mechanism based on a physical layer by fully utilizing the intelligent characteristic of a chip of the physical layer; the technical difficulties of network time and sequence, network conflict, network efficiency, effective detection of repeated data packets and the like are solved based on the chip CSMA (carrier sense multiple access), and the stability and reliability of communication are ensured.
Description
Technical field
The invention mainly relates to power system electric power data multiplex communication system, further to the multichannel realized based on which
Centralized kilowatt meter reading-out system.
Background technology
In current power system, the advantage of power line carrier (PLC) communication technology is it is well known that it is one existing
Into, the communication channel that coverage is most wide, spend it is minimum in the case of can just constitute intelligent communication network.But power line
On highly attenuating, strong noise, big time variation the characteristics of be again voltage power-line carrier communication technology huge technology barrier.Separately
Outward, the application of low voltage power line carrier technology is limited by carrier frequency, transmitting amplitude, the index such as harmonic pollution again, make be
System is greatly shortened when the communication distance between interior joint, therefore, relaying is introduced in the middle of low voltage power line carrier mechanics of communication
Concept.The use of relaying enhances node antidamping ability, improves the communication efficiency of system, but while also makes the choosing of relaying
It is selected to as new technological difficulties, that is, the technological difficulties of networking technology.
The advantage of carrier communication：(1) what power line carrier communication was utilized is existing power infrastructures electrical network, this
Individual transmission medium is the maximum network of Global coverage, is accessed with power line and just can just have been used where electricity without the need for new route
There is broadband access；(2) simple, setting is installed flexible, is that user realizes that broadband interconnection brings many convenient, wired home can be realized
Automation；(3) in prior art, it is already possible to meet the user's request higher to bandwidth requirement；(4) PLC network builds flexible,
Can need, according to cell even user installation, to invest little instant effect according to user, while operating cost is low, user effort is less；
(5) transmission channel can be provided for Utilities Electric Co.'s electrical management, realizes the transmission of electric power, data, speech and image synthesis business
The communication technology.
The shortcoming of carrier communication：Due to being affected by electrical network, the propagation distance of PLC is limited, non-relay under low power distribution network
Transmission range typically in below 250m. to realize that the full power line access from distribution transformer to user's socket is needed by
After technology. this certainly will will increase the cost of system.The fluctuation of electric load to PLC access networks handle up most also have one be fixed
Ring. due to multiple users to share channel widths, when user increases to a certain extent, network performance and user's available bandwidth are
Decline.
The content of the invention
Present pre-ferred embodiments are, to solve aforementioned techniques defect, to design a kind of by the automatic setting of system, not by net
The electric power data communication system of the power consumer that network negative situation (such as signal strength signal intensity, data transfer stagnation etc.) is limited, and
It is extended to gather the centralized kilowatt meter reading-out system of main utility commodity (such as water, natural gas, electricity, heating), in PLC network
In any equipment can as obtain data concentrator devices, and by minimum distance communicate by way of copy and accept number
According to.
Technical scheme 1：Electric power data multiplex communication system, including main website terminal, PLC network, concentrator and instrument, institute
Main website terminal, concentrator and instrument are stated by PLC network in addition communicative couplings, which further includes to be arranged on the collection of concentrator side
Middle device end module, and the table end module at instrument end is arranged on, the concentrator side module passes through power line Protocol connection tables end
Module, wherein carries out automaticdata collection based on the system according to the following steps and copies：Step 1, concentrator pass through concentrator side mould
Block sends Active Registration order；Step 2, instrument receive the Active Registration order to start the Active Registration work(of table end module
Can, and feed back Active Registration reported data and give concentrator side module；Step 3, n instrument in concentrator and a predeterminable area
Set up power line communication；Step 4, concentrator carry out m active data collection and copy to n instrument, and wherein the number of times of m depends on effective
The result of power line communication, and m≤n.
In step 4, when the m time active data collection is copied, first m-1 time unsuccessful data are mended by concentrator
Fill collection to copy.
Further include between step 1 and 2：Step a, concentrator send Active Registration order, by concentrator side mould
Block sends broadcast message to instrument；Step b, concentrator side module receive Active Registration reported data；Step c, concentrator judge
Whether a threshold time is reached；Step d, if reaching the threshold time, controls the concentrator side module and sends broadcast
Information is reported with stopping Active Registration to instrument, if not reaching the threshold time, is back to step b.
Further include in stepb：Step a ', table end module receives the broadcast message, start its controller with
Carry out Active Registration；Step b ', instrument control table end module sends Active Registration reported data and gives concentrator side module；Step
C ', concentrator side module judge valid data content therein, and feed back to concentrator；Step d ', concentrator is default at one
Time t1Interior transmission confirms that Frame is to concentrator side module and preserves Active Registration reported data；Step e ', concentrator side mould
Block is in a preset time t2Interior transmission confirms Frame to table end module.
In step 4, when the m time active data collection copies operation, table end module actively sends first m-1 time to PLC network
Failure reported data, receives the failure reported data by concentrator side module, judges valid data content therein, and
Feed back to concentrator.
Concentrator side module includes：Interface, for coupling the concentrator or PLC network according to communication protocol；Microcontroller
Device, receives the signal from interface and is processed；The modulation circuit being connected with the microcontroller, for carrying out coupling by signal
Close；And clock, for controlling the microcontroller, so as to control the coupling sequential of modulation circuit.
Table end module includes：Interface, for coupling the instrument or PLC network according to communication protocol；Microcontroller, receives
From interface signal and processed；The demodulator circuit being connected with the microcontroller, for being decoupled or being weighed signal
It is new to couple；And clock, for controlling the microcontroller, so as to control coupling again or the decoupling sequential of demodulator circuit.
Technical scheme 2：A kind of multichannel automatic meter reading system, including main website terminal, PLC network, wireless network, concentrator with
And instrument, the main website terminal, concentrator and instrument pass through PLC network or wireless network in addition communicative couplings, its Curve guide impeller
It is：Further include to be arranged on the concentrator side module of concentrator side, be arranged on the table end module at instrument end, and modulus of conversion
Block, the concentrator side module pass through power line Protocol connection tables end module or modular converter.
In one embodiment, modular converter is mainly made up of five parts：Power module, main control module, power carrier lead to
Letter module, micropower wireless communication module, data memory module, RS485 communication modules (optional), infrared communication module (can
Choosing).Power module：It is responsible for powering to modules；Main control module：The conversion of communication protocol and number between control modules
According to analysis and the state of control indicator lamp；Power carrier communication module：Realize that switch endpoint is logical with concentrator by power line
Telecommunication function；Micro power radio module：The communication function of switch endpoint and II type collectors is realized by wireless network；Data storage
Module：After power-off, all storage parameters are not lost, and preserve more than 10 years.
In another simplification embodiment, the modular converter includes that controller, power supply, communication module (are provided with PLC or nothing
Line channel) and memory, power supply is controller, communication module provides operating voltage, and memory is deposited as the outside of controller
Storage equipment.
Further, carry out automaticdata collection based on this embodiment according to the following steps to copy：Step 1, by modular converter
Or concentrator judges effective coverage and the failed areas of power line communication；Step 2, in the failed areas of the power line communication
In, by modular converter wake up at least one radio node, by this radio node come with its neighbouring effective communication region in
Instrument set up connection；Step 3, modular converter send Active Registration order；Step 4, the radio node receive the master
Dynamic log-in command is to start the Active Registration function of table end module, and feeds back Active Registration reported data to modular converter；Step
5, concentrator sets up power line communication by the instrument in modular converter and a predeterminable area；Step 6, concentrator are pre- to this
If n instrument in region carries out m active data collection copying, this number of times depends on the result of active power line communication.
In step 6, when the m time active data collection is copied, first m-1 time unsuccessful data are mended by concentrator
Fill collection to copy.
Further include between step 3 and 4：Step a, concentrator send Active Registration order, by concentrator side mould
Block sends broadcast message to instrument；Step b, concentrator side module receive Active Registration reported data；Step c, concentrator judge
Whether a threshold time is reached；Step d, if reaching the threshold time, controls the concentrator side module and sends broadcast
Information is reported with stopping Active Registration to instrument, if not reaching the threshold time, is back to step b.
Further include in stepb：Step a ', table end module receives the broadcast message, start its controller with
Carry out Active Registration；Step b ', instrument control table end module sends Active Registration reported data and gives concentrator side module；Step
C ', concentrator side module judge valid data content therein, and feed back to concentrator；Step d ', concentrator is default at one
Time t1Interior transmission confirms that Frame is to concentrator side module and preserves Active Registration reported data；Step e ', concentrator side mould
Block is in a preset time t2Interior transmission confirms Frame to table end module.
In step 6, when the m time active data collection copies operation, table end module actively sends first m-1 time to PLC network
Failure reported data, receives the failure reported data by concentrator side module, judges valid data content therein, and
Feed back to concentrator.
Further in step 1, the modular converter judges having for power line communication according to data acquisition success rate
Effect region and failed areas, wherein data acquisition success rate include m secondary datas collection success rate η to n instrument and periodicity
According to collection success rate μ.M secondary datas collection success rate meets relation：
η=(1/n) Σ (sum of x: th successful acquisition data/should gather data count) (1/ successful acquisition instrument
Table equipment number y), wherein x={ 1,2 ..., m }, y={ 1,2 ..., n }；
Cycle data collection success rate meets relation：
μ=Σ (sum of successful acquisition data in cycle t/should gather data count).
Further, if 0.85<η<0.9 or 0.95<μ<0.98, then modular converter there are power line in judging this region
The failed areas of communication or node, the radio node wirelessly set up in this wireless zone, can be in region
Instrument carry out radio meter register, it is also possible to connect its instrument nearby in active power line communications zone by node, from
And hit pay dirk and obtain the purpose of data.
Present system further includes emitter and reception device, and wherein emitter includes AC power, frequency conversion
Device, control module and transmitting coil unit, reception device include receiving coil unit, control module, switching electronic pump and energy storage
Electric capacity.Electric flux wireless charging emitter is installed on automatic data logging intelligent terminal, is installed on utility meter
Electric flux wireless receiving charging energy storage equipment, constitutes wirelessly connecting for a kind of utility meter (such as ammeter, water meter, gas meter etc.)
Welding system.Using the utility meter of present system, it is possible to obtain permanent working power is supporting the e-mail of instrument
Breath process.Having an advantage in that makes utility meter, the electric power required for especially the metrical information of passive measuring instrument is processed
The energy can be continuously obtained by way of wireless charging, in the life cycle of such instrument avoid installation battery
The defect of periodic replacement is needed, the metrical information that can not only remove maintenance support utility meter for a long time from is processed and automatic data logging
The operation of system, and can effectively save resource and environmental protection.
In one embodiment, emitter is the communication module of concentrator side module or modular converter, and reception device
For the table end module of instrument.
The preferred embodiment of wherein described emitter includes：Antenna, used as a receiving terminal；Microcontroller, receives and
From the wireless signal of antenna and processed；The frequency converter being connected with the microcontroller, for signal is coupled and
220V AC energies are converted to into operating current；And clock, for controlling the microcontroller, so as to control the coupling of frequency converter
Close and energy conversion timing sequence.
In another embodiment, the table end module of instrument includes：Antenna, for coupling aforementioned wireless networks；Microcontroller
Device, receives the signal from antenna and is processed；The resonant capacitance being connected with the microcontroller, for signal is solved
Coupling is coupled again, and energy is changed and stored.
It is preferred that the emitter is arranged on automatic data logging terminal device (such as concentrator with power line access
Or modular converter, it might even be possible to it is ammeter) on, and the reception device is arranged on instrumentation, refers in particular to passive metering
Instrument.
Wherein in emitter, 220V alternating currents are converted into radio frequency frequency through AC/DC change-over circuits and frequency converter
The pulse current of rate, the pulse current Jing antennas are converted into the effective range that radio frequency electromagnetic covers wireless charging；Micro-control
Device processed is the charging status information for being designed to monitor that the device of wireless receiving is returned, and adjustment and the output of control frequency converter are charged
The size of tranmitting frequency, power, waveform and electric current so that wireless charging can normal and efficient operation.
In reception device, antenna and resonance capacitance group into the radio-frequency electromagnetic that sends in emitter of series resonant circuit
Produce resonance under the excitation of ripple in a resonant circuit, so that electric charge in resonant capacitance, is generated, another termination of resonant capacitance
There is the electronic rectifier pump of an one-way conduction, the electronic rectifier pump is sent to the electric charge on the resonant capacitance on energy storage device and adds
To store, when the electric charge accumulated on energy storage device reaches the Circuit activation voltage of more than 2V, this device can be used as its place
Intermittent work power supply when the circuit of equipment works.The microcontroller is to be designed to reach electricity when the voltage of energy storage device
During the activation voltage of road, the further rising for starting the voltage to energy storage device is monitored, while by the work shape of reception device
Condition time-triggered report to emitter, so that the control circuit of emitter decides whether to continue to charge or stop to charge.
Further, reception device contains metrical information and charged state letter in feeding back to the data message of emitter
Breath.
The embodiment of the present invention does not rely on the topological structure of network and historical data distributed group net mode, communication therein
Module is intelligent node, and being interacted by intelligent object carries out moment networking, and networking is not controlled by concentrator；Communication is real-time, speed
Degree is fast, stable；The intelligent characteristic of physical chip is made full use of, on the basis of physical layer, is further carried in networking mechanism
The antidamping of high system and antimierophonic ability；Network sequence, network conflict, network effect is solved on the basis of chip CSMA
The technological difficulties such as rate, repetitive data packet effective detection, it is ensured that communication it is reliable and stable.
Description of the drawings
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 schematically shows the structured flowchart of a preferred embodiment of present system；
Fig. 2 schematically shows the structure and catenation principle frame of concentrator side module and table end module in present system
Figure；
Fig. 3 is the schematic block diagram of the embodiment of hybrid system of the present invention；
The concrete statement implication of the symbol that Fig. 4 schematic indications have gone out in Fig. 3；
Fig. 5 schematically shows the structural principle block diagram of modular converter；
Fig. 6 schematically shows the concept view that the present invention realizes another embodiment of wireless telecommunications；
Fig. 7 schematically shows the schematic diagram of another embodiment of table end module of the present invention and concentrator side module.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment one：
With reference to Fig. 1, the preferred embodiment of electric power data multiplex communication system includes main website terminal 1, and PLC network 2 is concentrated
Device 3 and several instrument.In one embodiment, these instrument include an ammeter 4, water meter 5 or hotlist 6, wherein lead
Terminal of standing 1, concentrator 3 and 4,5,6 Jing PLC networks 2 of instrument communicative couplings in addition.Embodiment is further comprised and is arranged on concentration
The concentrator side module 31 at 3 end of device, and instrument 4 is separately positioned on, the table end module 41 in 5,6,51,61, concentrator side mould
Block 31 passes through electric power wire protocol (such as Q/GDW376.2 agreements or DL/T645 agreements) each connection table end module 41,51,61.
Here, those skilled in the art will appreciate that company between table end module 41,51,61 and concentrator side module 31
It is not simple replacement based on known technology to connect, and in the present embodiment, in addition to ammeter 4, the characteristic of remaining instrument is
Inactive component, i.e., in principle, ammeter 4 can realize the transmission of signal, but water meter 5 by the collection to electric power and utilization
It is then inactive component etc. instrument, i.e., it does not actively pass through power transmission signal, it is necessary to which a upper computer equipment is (such as aforesaid
Concentrator is 3) collecting its metrical information to public commodity consumption, but typically, these means are mainly based upon in nothing
Install power supply and signal output port additional to send data on source device, certain do so it is relatively costly, and error rate is higher,
Should not commonly use.For example, technical staff promotes the mode of M-BUS buses or twisted pair line connection, this way is to terminal
The requirement of equipment is all higher, and the equipment that requires in current techniques field must be smart machine, and such cost is difficult control,
And wiring cost is expensive.Therefore the problems referred to above are considered, arranging table end module of the present invention 41,51,61 not can be simply real
It is existing.
In one embodiment, the system based on this embodiment carries out automaticdata collection according to the following steps and copies：Step 1,
Concentrator 3 sends Active Registration order by concentrator side module 31；Step 2, instrument 4,5,6 receive the Active Registration life
The Active Registration function to start table end module 41,51,61 is made, and feeds back Active Registration reported data and give concentrator side module
31；Step 3, the instrument 4,5,6 in concentrator 3 and a predeterminable area 201 set up power line communication；Step 4, concentrator 3 pairs
Instrument 4,5,6 carries out 5 active data collection and copies, and this number of times depends on the result of active power line communication.
In one embodiment, the order that concentrator sends mainly contains following frame information, and it is usually by following
Five part domains composition：
| Head | Information field | Address field | Application data domain | End |
Wherein head represents the start-up portion of frame, and end represents latter end, contains information field between which, and it leads
Be used for judging the communication type of PLC network, address field then arranges to recognize broadcast message, the application data domain of next to
The information such as aforesaid Active Registration order are carried, of course, it is possible to the metrical information of ammeter 4 is similarly disposed in this domain, and
And the length of the curriculum offering frame according to metrical information.
Further in step 4, when the 5th active data collection is copied, by 4 unsuccessful numbers before concentrator 3 pairs
Copy according to carrying out supplementing collection.For example, in the 1st time after Active Registration success is checked meter, concentrator 3 can send 3 orders of checking meter,
In the data that first time order is fed back after sending, it is understood that there may be empty part, Communications failure is represented, therefore gives copying for limited number of time
Table command machine meeting.After the 1st time is checked meter end, 4 feedback data of ammeter.
For in further detail, further include between step 1 and 2：Step a, concentrator 3 send Active Registration life
Order, is sent broadcast message to instrument 4,5,6 by concentrator side module 31, equipment is added by the data in aforesaid address field
To recognize；Step b, after Active Registration sends success, concentrator side module 31 receives count off on the Active Registration of instrument 4,5,6
According to；
Step c, judges whether to reach a threshold time (being for example set in second level), wherein concentrator 3 by concentrator 3
Can be communicated by Q/GDW376.2 agreements between concentrator side module 31；Step d, if reaching this threshold time, controls
Make the transmission of concentrator side module 31 broadcast message to report to stop Active Registration to instrument 4,5,6, if not reaching described facing
Between in limited time, then step b is back to.
More specifically, further include in stepb：Step a ', table end module 41,51,61 receives described wide
Information is broadcast, starts its controller 412 to carry out Active Registration, only send address field frame；Step b ', 4,5,6 control table end of instrument
Module 41,51,61 sends Active Registration reported data to concentrator side module 31；Step c ', concentrator side module 31 judges which
In valid data content, and feed back to concentrator 3；Step d ', concentrator 3 is in a preset time t1Interior transmission confirms data
Frame is to concentrator side module 31 and preserves described Active Registration reported data；Step e ', concentrator side module 31 is pre- at one
If time t2Interior transmission confirms Frame to table end module 41,51,61.
Further in step 4, when the 5th active data collection copies operation, 41,51,61 active of table end module is to PLC
Network 2 sends front 4 failure reported datas, receives the failure reported data by concentrator side module 31, judges wherein
Valid data content, and feed back to concentrator 3.In more detail, for example, after the 4th checks meter end, table end module 41 is produced
A raw Frame, wherein contains this metrical information checked meter in application data domain, and concentrator side module 31 is by solution
Content in analysis application data domain, if finding there is empty, disappearance or redundancy in data, sends to the table end module 41 of ammeter 4 and freezes
Knot data command, then ammeter 4 confirm this time to check meter and there is failure, then freeze this secondary data and preserved into EEPROM.Together
When, ammeter 4 is set to feed back primary fault reported data, and concentrator side module 31 is received after confirming and preserved.Then the 5th
Secondary when checking meter, concentrator side module 31 is set to mandatory continue to carry out supplementing checking meter according to the application data domain content of the 4th
According to concentrator 3, program, judges that the content that (such as) lacks carries out corresponding action, for the reading technique according to routine, with
One day for checking meter computation of Period, to the continuous data in certain time lacking in proxima luce (prox. luc), power factor, active/idle work(
Rate pulse value makes compensating movement, with the meter reading data of completion proxima luce (prox. luc), afterwards, carries out the action of checking meter of the 5th.
Therefore, according to previous embodiment, compensated before the action of checking meter of the 5th when checking meter, without the need for command frame
Repeat to couple or decoupling action and the content in extracting directly application data domain, therefore simplify flow chart of data processing, carry
The high efficiency of communication.
With reference to Fig. 2, concentrator side module 31 includes：Interface 311, for coupling the collection according to D/LT645 communication protocols
Middle device 3 or PLC network 2, in one embodiment, concentrator 3 is directly connected in interface 311, and this interface 311 can be power line
Special purpose interface or network communication interface, in another embodiment, interface 311 is coupled to PLC network 2 to carry out carrier communication；
Microcontroller 312, receives the power line coupled signal from interface 311 and is processed；It is connected with the microcontroller 312
Modulation circuit 313, for signal is coupled；And clock 314, for controlling the microcontroller 312, so as to control to adjust
The coupling sequential of circuit processed 313.
In another embodiment, the table end module 41 of ammeter 4 includes：Interface 411, for coupling institute according to communication protocol
State instrument 4 or PLC network 2；Microcontroller 412, receives the signal from interface 411 and is processed；With the microcontroller
The demodulator circuit 413 of 412 connections, for being decoupled or being coupled again signal；And clock 414, it is described micro- for controlling
Controller 412, so that control coupling again or the decoupling sequential of demodulator circuit 413.
With further reference to Fig. 2, by concentrator 3 define based on communication apparatus MST, ammeter 4 is defined as from communication apparatus
SLV, when MST sends to SLV and obtains the request of metrical information, couples a signal to 220V power lines by modulation circuit 313,
When now SLV receives this coupled signal, need to decouple the signal on this 220V power line by demodulator circuit 413
Operation, to identify information therein (such as aforesaid frame information).Meanwhile, need by clock come control device MST and
Which equipment SLV, arrange as MST using this, and which equipment is used as SLV.
Teaching of the invention, if not using concentrator 3, can equally set up such a contact between ammeter 4,
In multiple ammeters 4 in a PLC network, a MST, other ammeters in most effective communication distance in its vicinity are set
4 can be controlled by this ammeter MST, according to aforementioned, be realized by controlling the communication succession of ammeter.That is, this ammeter MST
Can be configured so that a new concentrator.
For autgmentability ground, such a relation can be equally set between ammeter 4, water meter 5 and hotlist 6.In Fig. 1
What dotted arrow was indicated, the water meter 5 with data communication facility or hotlist 6 all can be set by a master as MST equipment
The SLV equipment of the standby clock signal control next stage initiated, and the biography that its control signal can be continued by this SLV equipment
Pass, gather interval to set up a MST equipment by the optimum data chosen in a PLC network 2, and this MST equipment is simultaneously
Concentrator devices are not necessarily, as long as it has data processing and communication function.
And, kilowatt meter reading-out system of the present invention is not provided with any network topology structure, and aforesaid principle so can be illustrated by：
When the concentrator 3 in a region have issued request of data, then ammeter 4 in its carrier wave effective communication region, water meter 5 or gas meter
6 can receive and feedback signal.But when (such as) distant ammeter 4 cannot be efficiently received data, it can by with
Set up apart from immediate water meter 5 and communicate, and send connection request, now this water meter 5 again can be by effective near it
Other instrument in communications zone send this request to concentrator 3, and concentrator side module 31 is received after this is asked at once
A clock pulses is produced, water meter 5 is finally fed back to, now water meter 5 will generate a new clock pulses, go to control ammeter 4
Communication, so as to establish this master slave relation.And when feedback data, be again based on a kind of such principle and send data
To concentrator 3, main website terminal 1 is sent to by concentrator 3.Technical staff should be noted that the present invention is to randomly select MST
Equipment, and in communication process, the nearest instrument of selected distance or similar devices all the time.
Embodiment two：
With reference to Fig. 3, based on previous embodiment, there is provided the embodiment of a kind of multichannel automatic meter reading system (hybrid system),
Main website terminal and PLC network 201 has been similarly included with aforementioned, 101 (such as microwave network of wireless network has specifically been provided with
Network), concentrator 3 and instrument 4,5,6,7.Concentrator 3 and instrument 4,5,6,7 pass through PLC network 2 or wireless network 101 in addition
Communicative couplings, similarly further include to be arranged on the concentrator side module at 3 end of concentrator, are arranged on 4,5,6,7 end of instrument
Table end module, and modular converter 8.Concentrator side module passes through power line Protocol connection tables end module or modular converter 8, one
In individual embodiment, the instrument in wireless network 101 is connected by modular converter 8.
The concrete statement implication of the symbol that Fig. 4 schematic indications have gone out in Fig. 3.Four symbols in figure represent four communications
Node, the node 400 that the concentrator 3 that said carrier is communicated is represented as dashed circle, effectively can carry in PLC network 201
The instrument of ripple communication represented with circular node 300, in the uncertain node of effective carrier communication of whether being capable of then with triangle 200
Represent, i.e., must be judged by aforesaid modular converter 8, and the region 201 of effective carrier communication cannot be realized then with square
Node 100 is represented.
Such a relation can be equally set between node 300.In node 300 any one all can as MST equipment,
The clock signal initiated by a main equipment controls the SLV equipment of next stage, and this SLV equipment can be by its control signal
The transmission for being continued, gathers interval to set up a MST equipment by the optimum data chosen in a PLC network 201, and
This MST equipment not necessarily concentrator devices, as long as it has data processing and communication function.
For autgmentability ground, present system is not provided with any network topology structure, and aforesaid principle can so in addition
Illustrate：When the concentrator 3 in region 201 have issued request of data, then ammeter 4 in its carrier wave effective communication region, water meter 5,
The even calorimeter 7 of gas meter 6 can be received and feedback signal.But when (for example) distant ammeter 4 cannot be efficiently received number
According to when, it can be communicated by setting up apart from immediate water meter 5 therewith, and send connection request, and now this water meter 5 can lead to again
Other instrument in effective communication region crossed near it send this request to concentrator 3, and concentrator side module 31 is received
At once a clock pulses being produced after this request, finally feeding back to water meter 5, now water meter 5 will generate a new clock arteries and veins
Punching, goes to control the communication of ammeter 4, so as to establish this master slave relation.And when feedback data, it is again based on such one
Plant principle and send data to concentrator 3, main website terminal 1 is sent to by concentrator 3.Technical staff should be noted that this
It is bright to randomly select MST equipment, and in communication process, the nearest instrument of selected distance or similar devices all the time.More enter
For one step ground, if still can not find the instrument of effective communication in region 201, concentrator 3 is needed to lead to modular converter 8
News, obtain the metrical information or phase of instrument 5,6,7 in this region 101 with the other modes in addition to PLC carrier systems
Close information data.Wherein, the modular converter 8 includes controller 81, power supply 82, communication module 83 and memory 84, power supply
82 is controller 81, communication module 83 provides operating voltage, External memory equipment of the memory 84 as controller 81.
In one embodiment, carry out automaticdata collection based on this embodiment according to the following steps to copy：Step 1, judges electricity
The effective coverage of line of force communication and failed areas；Step 2, in the failed areas of the power line communication, by modular converter 8
Wake up at least one radio node 100, by this radio node 100 come with its neighbouring effective communication region in instrument 5,6,
7 set up connection；Step 3, modular converter 8 send Active Registration order；Step 4, the radio node 100 receive the active
Log-in command is to start the Active Registration function of table end module 41,51,61, and feeds back Active Registration reported data to modular converter
8；Step 5, concentrator 3 set up power line communication by the instrument 4,5,6 in modular converter 8 and a predeterminable area 201；Step
6, concentrator 3 carries out 5 active data collection to instrument 4,5,6 and copies, and this number of times depends on the result of active power line communication.
Further in step 6, when the 5th active data collection is copied, by 4 unsuccessful numbers before concentrator 3 pairs
Copy according to carrying out supplementing collection.For example, in the 1st time after Active Registration success is checked meter, concentrator 3 can send 3 orders of checking meter,
In the data that first time order is fed back after sending, it is understood that there may be empty part, Communications failure is represented, therefore gives copying for limited number of time
Table command machine meeting.After the 1st time is checked meter end, 4 feedback data of ammeter.
For in further detail, further include between step 3 and 4：Step a, concentrator 3 send Active Registration life
Order, is sent broadcast message to instrument 4,5,6 by concentrator side module 31, equipment is added by the data in aforesaid address field
To recognize；Step b, after Active Registration sends success, concentrator side module 31 receives count off on the Active Registration of instrument 4,5,6
According to；
Step c, judges whether to reach a threshold time (being for example set in second level), wherein concentrator 3 by concentrator 3
Can be communicated by Q/GDW376.2 agreements between concentrator side module 31；Step d, if reaching this threshold time, controls
Make the transmission of concentrator side module 31 broadcast message to report to stop Active Registration to instrument 4,5,6, if not reaching described facing
Between in limited time, then step b is back to.
More specifically, further include in stepb：Step a ', table end module 41,51,61 receives described wide
Information is broadcast, starts its controller 412 to carry out Active Registration, only send address field frame；Step b ', 4,5,6 control table end of instrument
Module 41,51,61 sends Active Registration reported data to concentrator side module 31；Step c ', concentrator side module 31 judges which
In valid data content, and feed back to concentrator 3；Step d ', concentrator 3 is in a preset time t1Interior transmission confirms data
Frame is to concentrator side module 31 and preserves described Active Registration reported data；Step e ', concentrator side module 31 is pre- at one
If time t2Interior transmission confirms Frame to table end module 41,51,61.
Further in step 6, when the 5th active data collection copies operation, 41,51,61 active of table end module is to PLC
Network 2 sends front 4 failure reported datas, receives the failure reported data by concentrator side module 31, judges wherein
Valid data content, and feed back to concentrator 3.In more detail, for example, after the 4th checks meter end, table end module 41 is produced
A raw Frame, wherein contains this metrical information checked meter in application data domain, and concentrator side module 31 is by solution
Content in analysis application data domain, if finding there is empty, disappearance or redundancy in data, sends to the table end module 41 of ammeter 4 and freezes
Knot data command, then ammeter 4 confirm this time to check meter and there is failure, then freeze this secondary data and preserved into EEPROM.Together
When, ammeter 4 is set to feed back primary fault reported data, and concentrator side module 31 is received after confirming and preserved.Then the 5th
Secondary when checking meter, concentrator side module 31 is set to mandatory continue to carry out supplementing checking meter according to the application data domain content of the 4th
According to concentrator 3, program, judges that the content that (such as) lacks carries out corresponding action, for the reading technique according to routine, with
One day for checking meter computation of Period, to the continuous data in certain time lacking in proxima luce (prox. luc), power factor, active/idle work(
Rate pulse value makes compensating movement, with the meter reading data of completion proxima luce (prox. luc), afterwards, carries out the action of checking meter of the 5th.
Therefore, according to previous embodiment, compensated before the action of checking meter of the 5th when checking meter, without the need for command frame
Repeat to couple or decoupling action and the content in extracting directly application data domain, therefore simplify flow chart of data processing, carry
The high efficiency of communication.
Further in step 1, the modular converter 8 judges having for power line communication according to data acquisition success rate
Effect region and failed areas, wherein data acquisition success rate include m secondary datas collection success rate η to n instrument and periodicity
According to collection success rate μ.M secondary datas collection success rate η=(1/n) Σ (sum of x: th successful acquisition data/should gather
Data count) (1/ successful acquisition instrumentation number y), wherein x={ 1,2 ..., m }, y={ 1,2 ..., n }；Cycle data
Collection success rate μ=Σ (sum of successful acquisition data in cycle t/should gather data count).
In one embodiment, if 0.85<η<0.9 or 0.95<μ<0.98, then deposit in this region 201 of the judgement of modular converter 8
In the failed areas or node that have power line communication, wirelessly (such as microwave, RF) is set up in this wireless zone 101
A radio node 100, technical staff can carry out radio meter register to the instrument in region 101, it is also possible to by node
100 connecting its instrument nearby in active power line communications zone, the purpose for obtaining data so as to hit pay dirk.
With reference to Fig. 5, another teaching of the present invention is, according to previous embodiment, needs to increase and conversion for instrument 4,5,6,7
The function of wireless telecommunications and power supply between module 8, it is mainly made up of emitter and reception device.In one embodiment
In, emitter selects the communication module 83 of concentrator side module 31 or modular converter 8, and reception device is from the table of water meter 5
The table end module 71 of end module 51, the table end module 61 of gas meter 6 or calorimeter 7.
As shown in fig. 6, another preferred embodiment of concentrator side module 31 includes：Antenna 330, used as a receiving terminal；
Microcontroller 312, receives the wireless signal from antenna 330 and is processed；The frequency converter being connected with the microcontroller 312
360, for signal is coupled；And clock 314, for controlling the microcontroller 312, so as to control frequency converter 360
Coupling sequential.
In another embodiment, the table end module 51 of water meter 5 includes：Antenna 510, before coupling according to communication protocol
The wireless network stated；Microcontroller 512, receives the signal from antenna 510 and is processed；Connect with the microcontroller 512
The resonant capacitance 550 for connecing, for being decoupled or being coupled again signal.It is preferred that the emitter is arranged on electricity
Automatic data logging terminal device that the line of force is accessed (such as concentrator 3 or modular converter 8, it might even be possible to be ammeter 4) on, and described connect
Receiving apparatus are arranged on instrumentation, refer in particular to passive measuring instrument.
With reference to Fig. 6, by taking concentrator side module 31 as an example, 220V alternating currents are through AC/DC change-over circuits 350 and frequency converter
360 are converted into the pulse current with rf frequency, and pulse current emitted coil (antenna 330) is converted into radio-frequency electromagnetic
Ripple covers the effective range of wireless charging；The effect of microcontroller 312 is to monitor the charging shape that the device of wireless receiving is returned
The size of the output charging tranmitting frequency of state information, adjustment and control frequency converter 360, power, waveform and electric current so that wireless charging
Electric energy is normal and efficient operation.
The series resonant circuit of receiving coil (antenna 510) and the composition of resonant capacitance 550 is in penetrating that emitter 31 sends
Produce resonance under the excitation of frequency electromagnetic waves in a resonant circuit, so that electric charge, resonant capacitance is generated in resonant capacitance 550
550 another electronic rectifier pump 560 for being terminated with an one-way conduction, the electronic rectifier pump 560 is by the resonant capacitance 550
Electric charge be sent on energy storage device 530 and stored, when the circuit that the electric charge accumulated on energy storage device 530 reaches more than 2V swashs
Intermittent work power supply during voltage living, when this device 530 can work as the circuit of its place equipment.
The effect of microcontroller 512 is, when the voltage of energy storage device 530 reaches Circuit activation voltage, to start to accumulator
The further rising of the voltage of part 530 is monitored, while by the working condition time-triggered report of reception device 51 to emitter
31, so that the control circuit of emitter 31 decides whether to continue to charge or stop to charge.
Further, reception device 51 contains metrical information and charging shape in feeding back to the data message of emitter 31
State information.
Particular technique effect of the present invention be by previous embodiment detailed embodiment in addition, but be not limited, technology
Personnel are it is to be appreciated that the technology of the present invention category is covered by claims.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of electric power data multiplex communication system, including main website terminal (1), PLC network (2), concentrator (3) and instrument
(4,5,6), (4,5,6) by PLC network (2) in addition communicative couplings, which is special for main website terminal (1), concentrator (3) and instrument
Levy and be：Further include to be arranged on the concentrator side module (31) that concentrator (3) is held, and be arranged on instrument (4,5,6) hold
Table end module (41,51,61), described concentrator side module (31) by power line Protocol connection tables end module (41,51,
61)；
Automaticdata collection is carried out based on the electric power data multiplex communication system according to the following steps to copy：Step 1, concentrator (3)
Active Registration order is sent by concentrator side module (31)；Step 2, and instrument (4,5,6) receive the Active Registration order
With start table end module (41,51, Active Registration function 61), and feed back Active Registration reported data and give concentrator side module
(31)；N instrument in step 3, concentrator (3) and a predeterminable area (201) (4,5,6) set up power line communication；Step
4, concentrator (3) to n instrument (4,5,6) carry out m active data collection and copy, wherein the number of times of m is logical depending on active power line
The result of news, and m≤n；
In step 4, when the m time active data collection is copied, first m-1 time unsuccessful data are mended by concentrator (3)
Fill collection to copy；
In step 4, when the m time active data collection copies operation, and table end module (41,51,61) actively send out to PLC network (2)
Front m-1 failure reported data is sent, the failure reported data is received by concentrator side module (31), judge therein have
Effect data content, and feed back to concentrator (3).
2. electric power data multiplex communication system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that concentrator side module (31)
Including：Interface (311), for coupling concentrator (3) or PLC network (2) according to communication protocol；Microcontroller (312), connects
Receive the signal from interface (311) and processed；The modulation circuit (313) being connected with the microcontroller (312), for inciting somebody to action
Signal is coupled；And clock (314), for controlling the microcontroller (312), so as to control modulation circuit (313)
Coupling sequential.
3. electric power data multiplex communication system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that table end module (41) include：
Interface (411), for coupling instrument (4) or PLC network (2) according to communication protocol；Microcontroller (412), receive from
The signal of interface (411) is simultaneously processed；The demodulator circuit (413) being connected with the microcontroller (412), for signal is entered
Row decoupling is coupled again；And clock (414), for controlling the microcontroller (412), so as to control demodulator circuit
(413) coupling again or decoupling sequential.
4. electric power data multiplex communication system according to claim 3, it is characterised in that between step 1 and 2 further
Including：Step a, concentrator (3) send Active Registration order, send broadcast message to instrument by concentrator side module (31)
(4,5,6)；Step b, concentrator side module (31) receive Active Registration reported data；Step c, concentrator (3) judge whether to reach
To a threshold time；Step d, if reaching the threshold time, controls described concentrator side module (31) and sends broadcast letter
Cease to instrument (4,5,6) reported with stopping Active Registration, if not reaching the threshold time, be back to step b.
5. electric power data multiplex communication system according to claim 4, it is characterised in that further include in stepb：
Step a ', and table end module (41,51, the broadcast message 61) is received, starts its microcontroller to carry out Active Registration；Step
B ', instrument (4,5,6) control table end module (41,51,61) send Active Registration reported data give concentrator side module (31)；Step
Rapid c ', concentrator side module (31) judges valid data content therein, and feeds back to concentrator (3)；Step d ', concentrator
(3) send in a preset time t 1 and confirm that Frame is to concentrator side module (31) and preserves Active Registration reported data；
Step e ', concentrator side module (31) send in a preset time t 2 confirm Frame to table end module (41,51,61).
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