CN103492160A - 用于制造三维物体的立体平版印刷机以及可应用于所述机器的立体平版印刷方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明是立体平版印刷机(1),其包括:适于容纳流体物质(3)的容器(2),该流体物质适于通过暴露于预定的辐射(4a)而固化;装置(4),其适于发射预定的辐射并且固化流体物质(3)的具有预定厚度并设置成与容器(2)的底部(2a)相邻的层;造型板(5),其适于支承固化层(6);致动器装置(7),其适于使造型板按照垂直于容器(2)的底部(2a)的方向移动;整平装置(8),其与流体物质(3)接触地设置并且与动力装置相关联,该动力装置适于使整平装置(8)相对于容器(2)移动,以便在容器(2)中再分配流体物质(3)。动力装置构造为使得容器(2)沿移动方向(Y)的每一个方位或两个相反的方位移动,整平装置(8)包括相对于造型板(5)彼此相反的两个桨部(9、10)。
Description
描述
本发明涉及一种立体平版印刷机以及可应用于所述立体平版印刷机的立体平版印刷方法。
如所知,立体平版印刷技术用于通过如下方式制造三维物体,即,使得能够通过暴露于光源而聚合的光敏液体树脂的若干层连续地沉积。
特别地,每层树脂层被叠加至待制造的三维物体的前一层,并且允许选择性地在对应于物体自身容积的位置固化。
根据已知实施方式的立体平版印刷机包括适合于容纳所述液体树脂并且设置有透明底部的容器。
该机器还有通常是激光发射器或投影仪的光源,该光源能够选择性地照射与容器的底部相邻地设置的液体树脂的层,从而使其固化。
机器还包括适合于支承三维物体的固化层的造型板,该造型板与致动器装置相关联,该致动器装置适合于提供使该板沿垂直于容器底部的方向的移动。
根据使用上述机器的已知类型的立体平版印刷方法,首先,将造型板设置在离容器底部的距离等于待固化的层的厚度处。
随后,通过光源选择性地照射与容器的底部相邻的液体树脂层,以使该树脂层固化。
造型板构造为使得固化层粘附于其,而相反地,容器的底部设置有减小这种粘附的覆盖物。
造型板随后移动离开容器的底部,以便使得固化层从液体树脂中出现,并且因此能够恢复液体树脂的厚度,这对处理物体的相继的层是所需的。
事实上,提升造型板和固化层意味着在液体树脂中留下凹陷,该凹陷由树脂本身的自发流动填充。
所述整平行为恢复了流体树脂的厚度,这对固化物体的新一层是所需的,此外,该整平行为还避免了在随后造型板的下降过程中气泡仍被限制在液体树脂中,其会影响三维物体的相继层的完整性。
一旦完成了所述自发整平,那么再次将造型板沉浸在液体树脂中,并且使物体的下一层固化。
上述方法造成大幅延长三维物体的总处理时间的缺点,这是由于在物体的每一层固化之后用于使液体树脂平整所需的等待时间造成的。
由于通过立体平版印刷获得的形成物体的层的数量可达数百层,因此,应当理解上文提到的等待时间将导致处理时间的大幅增加。
明显地,等待时间与液体树脂的粘度成比例。
因此,当使用所谓的“混合”型树脂时,上述缺点特别重要,该混合型树脂包括混合有聚合组分的陶瓷或其它材料的颗粒。
所述杂化树脂适于制造如下物体,即,该物体具有高机械阻力但另一方面其粘度远高于在立体平版印刷中通常使用的其它的树脂。
在专利申请WO2010/045950中描述的已知的实施方式中,立体平版印刷机包括圆形的旋转储罐和设置成与树脂接触的固定的整平桨部,该桨部相对于储罐径向地延伸。
在固化每一层之前,使储罐旋转使得整平桨部填充由造型板当其被提升造型时造型留下的凹陷。
该实施方式造成如下缺点,即,储罐的直径至少是桨部长度的两倍,并且因此与造型所需的最小表面相比占据了明显更大的空间。
本发明旨在克服如上文所概述的已知技术的所有缺点。
特别地,本发明的目的是提供一种立体平版印刷方法和立体平版印刷机,使得能够比利用上文描述的已知类型的方法时更快地通过使流体物质分层地固化来制造三维物体。
本发明的另一目的是与已知类型的机器相比限制了机器的总尺寸。
上述目的通过根据权利要求1的用于分层地制造三维物体的立体平版印刷机实现。
上述目的还通过根据权利要求3的适合用于如上文所述的立体平版印刷机的立体平版印刷方法实现。
在相应的从属权利要求中描述了本发明的其它特征和细节。
有利地,本发明主题的方法和机器使得能够以基本上与使用的流体物质的粘度无关的总时间制造三维物体。
因此有利地,本发明特别地适合于与例如上述的混合树脂的高粘度的液体物质、或者与粘度甚至更高的流体浆状物质一起使用。
仍然有利地,减小的总尺寸使得能够在较小的空间中使用机器。
在参考附图作为非限制性示例而提供的对于本发明的某些优选实施方式的描述中,说明了所述目的与优点及在下文中强调的其它目的与优点,其中:
图1至图6示出了以不同的操作构造的本发明的立体平版印刷机的示意侧视图。
本发明的方法参考图1中作为整体以1表示的立体平版印刷机进行了描述,该立体平版印刷机1包括容纳流体物质3的容器2,该流体物质3适合于通过暴露于预定的辐射4a进行固化。
应当指明,自此术语“流体物质”意味着适合于分布在容器2中使得其表面呈现基本平坦形状的物质,例如像流体或浆状物质。
优选地但非必须地,流体物质3是光敏的聚合物液体树脂,预定的辐射是光辐射。
特别地,所述树脂是所谓的“混合”型树脂,该树脂包括陶瓷或其它材料形式的颗粒,其一旦已经固化则能够增加树脂的机械阻力。
然而,本发明的方法以及机器可以与任何类型的流体物质一起使用,只要其在暴露于预定的辐射之后能够固化。
机器1还包括适合于发射预定的辐射4a的装置4,该装置4能够选择性地照射流体物质3的具有预定的厚度且设置成与容器2的底部2a相邻的层以便使其固化。
发射器装置4优选地设置在容器2下方并且构造为将预定的辐射4a朝向容器2的辐射可透过的底部2a引导,如图2中所示。
优选地,如果流体物质3是光敏的树脂,则发射器装置4包括激光发射器,该激光发射器与适合于将光束朝向流体物质3的上述层的任何点引导的装置相关联。
根据在此未示出的本发明的实施方式变体,发射器装置4包括投影仪,该投影仪适合于产生与待固化的流体物质3的层的表面积相对应的发光图像。
立体平版印刷机1还包括造型板5,该造型板5面向容器2的底部2a并且适合于支承所形成的三维物体11。
造型板5与致动器装置7相关联,该致动器装置7适合于使该造型板5相对于底部2a按照垂直于相同的底部2的造型方向X移动。
特别地,以如下方式构造造型板5,使得一旦已经固化流体物质3,该流体物质3粘附于造型板5。
相反地,容器2的底部2a优选地由避免所述粘附的材料制成。
根据本发明的方法,将造型板5沉浸在流体物质3中,直到将该造型板5设置成与离底部2a的距离等于将获得的固化层的厚度。
然后,选择性地照射流体物质3的层以获得固化层6,该固化层6粘附于造型板5,如在图2和图3中所示。
随后,以此方式提起造型板5,使得将固化层6移动离开底部2a,直到该固化层6从流体物质3中出现,如在图4中所示。
在上述固化层6移动离开底部2a之后,在容器2中容纳的流体物质3中仍然存在凹陷区域3a,该凹陷区域3a位于由造型板5和/或由所形成的三维物体11之前占据的位置的水平面处。
根据本发明的方法,为了填充上述凹陷3a,凭借通过设置成与流体物质3接触的整平装置8将流体物质3朝向凹陷3a推动,使流体物质3在容器2中再分配。
特别地,所述整平装置8与在此未图示但本身是已知的动力装置相关联,该动力装置构造为使整平装置8相对于容器2的底部2a与流体物质3接触地移动,以便如上文所述对流体物质3再分配。
随后,再次使造型板5下降并重复上述操作,以获得物体11的下一层的固化。
应当理解,上述的整平装置8使得能够以远快于先前所述的已知方法的方式填充凹陷3a,在已知方法中填充行为是由于流体物质的自发再分配。
因此,大幅缩短了在固化物体的每层之后用于整平流体物质3的等待时间,从而实现了与已知类型方法所需的时间相比,缩短总处理时间的目的。
特别地,使用的流体物质3的粘度越大,总处理时间越短。
因此,如之前所释,当流体物质3是具有高粘度的混合树脂时,特别适合使用本发明的方法。
优选地,将整平装置8安置成与流体物质3的位于如下区域的表面相接触,在该区域处流体物质3的水平面高于流体物质3的在凹陷3a的高度处的水平面,以便于能够将流体物质3朝向凹陷3a推动。
此外,容器2可沿移动方向Y相对于造型板5移动。
整平装置8包括两个桨部9、10,该两个桨部9、10设置在相对于造型板5的相反侧上并且主要按照垂直于所述移动方向Y的纵向方向延伸。
优选地,桨部9、10的长度对应于容器2的宽度。
在图示中,桨部9和10以侧视图示出,因此它们的纵向方向垂直于图示本身的平面。
明显地,桨部9、10可具有甚至与图示中示出的形状不同的任何形状,只要这些形状适合于与容器2中容纳的流体物质3的表面发生接触以整平该表面。
如图5和图6中所示,通过保持桨部9、10固定并且沿所述移动方向Y移动容器2,执行流体物质3的再分配。
以此方式,如图6中所示,设置在凹陷3a的相对于移动方向的上游的桨部推动流体物质3进入凹陷,从而填充凹陷。
有利地,两个桨部9和10的存在使得能够沿容器2的两个移动方向中的任一个方向再分配流体物质3,因此避免了在使每一层固化之前要将容器2带回至其初始位置的需要。
更准确地,在使层固化之后,移动容器2使得在图5中可见的存在凹陷3a的区域相对于造型板5移位,因此使造型板5在不受凹陷3a影响的情况下与容器2的不同的区域对齐,如图6中所示。
因此,相继的层的固化可在容器2的该新区域的水平面上进行。
同时,在容器2的移动期间,凹陷3a被填充使得可在随后的对另一层的固化中使用先前的区域。
明显地,在容器2沿两相反方位中的每一个方位移动的同时使流体物质3再分配的可能性使得有可能使用与已知技术中使用的圆形容器的表面积相比表面积更小的容器2。
事实上,容器2可具有如下的长方形形状,该长方形按照移动方向Y的长度约等于造型所需的最小尺寸的两倍,该长方形的宽度约等于所述最小尺寸。
相反地,在使用圆形储罐的已知类型的机器中,容器的最小直径必须约等于所述最小尺寸的两倍。
优选地,桨部9和10的动力装置构造为使得每个桨部可独立于另一桨部被沉浸在流体物质3中以及从流体物质3中抽出。
以此方式,有利地,可仅使用如下桨部执行流体物质3的再分配,即,按照容器2的移动方向Y,该桨部相对于造型板5设置在下游,或者换言之,凹陷3a的上游。
以此方式,避免了另一桨部将流体物质3推离凹陷3a,并且促进了再分配过程。
上文清晰地示出了本发明实现了所有设定的目的。
特别地,在物体的每一层固化之后使用整平装置填充流体物质中存在的凹陷使得能够缩短相继层的固化之前的等待时间。
因此,与当使用已知类型的立体平版印刷方法时需要的时间相比,显著缩短了制造三维物体需要的总时间,并且随使用的流体物质的粘度增加,所述时间缩短将变得更大。
此外,在造型板的对应的相反侧上设置的两个桨部的存在使得能够通过容器的在两相反方位上的交替运动来整平流体物质,从而避免了需要使用相当庞大的圆形容器。
可以对作为本发明主题的方法以及机器做进一步的改变,即使没有在此描述并且没有在图示中示出,只要它们落入下文权利要求的范围内,也必须被认为全部受本专利的保护。
在任一权利要求中提到的技术特征后跟随有附图标记的情况下,这些附图标记仅出于增加权利要求的可理解性的目的而被包含,并且因此这些附图标记并不对通过由这些附图标记表明的各个元件的保护具有任何限定作用。
Claims (4)
1.一种立体平版印刷机(1),包括:
-容器(2),所述容器(2)用于容纳液态或浆态的流体物质(3),所述流体物质(3)适合于通过暴露于预定的辐射(4a)进行固化;
-用于发射所述预定的辐射(4a)的装置(4),所述装置(4)适合于选择性地照射所述流体物质(3)的具有预定的厚度并设置成与所述容器(2)的底部(2a)相邻的层,以使所述层固化;
-造型板(5),所述造型板(5)适合于支承所述固化层(6);
-致动器装置(7),所述致动器装置(7)适合于使所述造型板(5)相对于所述底部(2a)至少按照垂直于所述底部(2a)的造型方向(X)移动;
-整平装置(8),所述整平装置(8)与动力装置相关联,所述动力装置构造为使得所述整平装置(8)相对于所述容器(2)的所述底部(2a)与所述流体物质(3)接触地移动,从而造成所述流体物质(3)在所述容器(2)中再分配;
其特征在于,所述动力装置构造为使得所述容器(2)沿移动方向(Y)的两个相反方位中的每一个方位移动,所述整平装置(8)包括至少两个桨部(9、10),所述两个桨部(9、10)主要按照垂直于所述移动方向(Y)的纵向方向延伸,所述两个桨部(9、10)设置在相对于所述造型板(5)的两对应的相反侧上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的立体平版印刷机,其特征在于,所述动力装置构造为:使得所述桨部(9、10)中的每一个桨部独立于所述桨部(9、10)中的另一个桨部垂直于所述底部(2a)移动,并且使得所述桨部(9、10)中的每一个桨部独立于所述桨部(9、10)中的另一个桨部沉浸在所述流体物质(3)中以及从所述流体物质(3)中抽出。
3.一种用于通过根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的立体平版印刷机(1)分层地制造三维物体(11)的方法,包括下列操作:
-以这样一种方式来选择性地照射流体物质(3)的所述层的第一层:使得获得所述固化层(6)的对应的一层;
-使所述固化层(6)移动离开所述底部(2a),以便使得所述固化层(6)从所述流体物质(3)出现;
-通过使所述整平装置(8)相对于所述容器(2)移动并且将所述整平装置(8)与所述流体物质(3)接触地放置,使得所述流体物质(3)在所述容器(2)再分配,以便填充由提起所述固化层(6)造成的凹陷(3a);
-对所述层的第二层重复上文描述的所述操作;
其特征在于,所述再分配过程包括按照所述移动方向(Y)的互为相反的方位执行的所述容器(2)的两个运动。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述两个运动中的每一个运动的过程中,按照所述对应的移动方向(Y)设置在所述凹陷(3a)下游的所述桨部(9、10)保持高出所述流体物质(3)。
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