A kind of floating support oil cylinder
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of supporting oil cylinder, particularly relating to a kind of hydraulic floating supporting oil cylinder that can improve work mounting s power by increasing piston lifting surface area.
Background technique
Hydraulic floating supporting oil cylinder is mainly used in machining, after workpiece to be machined compresses and contacts, supporting force is produced to workpiece to be machined, to reduce the vibration of workpiece to be machined in course of working, prevent the distortion of workpiece to be machined, be a kind of device that workpiece to be machined provides floating aiding support.If Chinese patent Authorization Notice No. is disclose a kind of hydraulic support oil cylinder structure in the patent documentation of CN201513409U, it comprises: hydraulic support oil cylinder body, the plunger (supporting rod) being installed on intrinsic ascending piston (ejecting piston) and being promoted by ascending piston, piston spring (ejector spring), one support piston is also installed in oil cylinder body and sandwiches the collet chuck (elastomer) of plunger, support piston has a rising conical surface, collet chuck has the stressed conical surface corresponding with this rising conical surface, support piston is moved up by hydraulic pressure, its rising conical surface produces horizontal-clamping power to the stressed conical surface.This utility model patent also specifically discloses the Organizational Structure relation between each parts: ascending piston, plunger, collet chuck, support piston are sleeved in hydraulic support oil cylinder body from inside to outside successively, and bottom is hydraulic oil cavity.Effective work area of the thrust size that support piston can produce and support piston is closely related, usual area more high thrust is larger, and this structure will deduct the larger sectional area that intermediate member occupies due to effective work area (cross section) of support piston, the support piston thrust that remaining annular working area produces is less.Similar structure is also have in the patent documentation of CN203081897U openly at Chinese patent Authorization Notice No..
Can see that from said structure support piston thrust upwards not only will meet the needs that elastomer holds supporting rod tightly, and will meet the needs of whole supporting force.In other words, the thrust that support piston can produce and elastomer hold smaller among frictional force that supporting rod obtains tightly, determine the supporting force of supporting oil cylinder.General support piston and elastomeric cone angle only need be accomplished to be less than 5 °, its enclasping force obtained can reach more than tens times of support piston thrust, friction factor between steel and steel is greater than 0.12, the friction supporting force obtained can be more much bigger than support piston thrust, therefore, the supporting force of supporting oil cylinder just depends on the thrust size that support piston produces.And effective work area of the thrust size that support piston can produce and support piston is closely related, usual area more high thrust is larger.
And the common ground of hydraulic floating supporting oil cylinder of the prior art is: 1, ejecting piston is only play the effect ejected by supporting rod; 2, owing to there being the existence ejecting piston, annulus area remaining after the basal area that effective work area of support piston equals support piston deducts the core area ejected occupied by piston.I.e. existing hydraulic floating supporting oil cylinder, ejects piston and just plays the effect ejecting supporting rod, and effective work area of support piston is only annulus area, and the thrust causing support piston to produce is had a greatly reduced quality.This is for the operating on low voltage pressure range (≤7MPa) of current machine tool hydraulic system, want the supporting force obtaining larger supporting oil cylinder under this lower pressure, raising oil cylinder volume can only be relied on to solve, but do like this and can raise the cost, and also unrestrictedly can not depend on and increase oil cylinder volume and solve.Therefore under volume little as far as possible, how to make low pressure supporting oil cylinder produce supporting force large as far as possible, become technical problem in the urgent need to address at present.
Secondly, in existing hydraulic floating supporting oil cylinder, the opposing side of support piston and collet chuck (elastomer) is the smooth conical surface matched, make steel ball respectively and elastomer, be point cantact between support piston, such structure causes the stress of receiving between steel ball and elastomer, support piston larger, thus the bearing capacity of supporting oil cylinder can be reduced to a certain extent, simultaneously also can reduction of service life, and require high to the mechanical characteristic of collet chuck (elastomer) material therefor, otherwise working life can be shorter.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is the present situation for prior art, provides a kind of floating support oil cylinder that can significantly improve supporting force under the condition of same cylinder diameter and pressure.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above adopted technological scheme: a kind of floating support oil cylinder, include cylinder body, liftout attachment and supporting holding device, wherein liftout attachment comprise again there is piston channel base, be arranged in piston channel eject piston, with eject the ejector rod that piston fixes, the supporting rod being enclosed within the retracting spring on ejector rod and being promoted by ejector rod, described supporting holding device then includes the support piston and elastomer that are positioned at described cylinder body, described elastomer sleeve is between described supporting rod and support piston, and described support piston internal surface and elastomeric outer surface are designed to the inner conical surface that mutually mates and male cone (strobilus masculinus) respectively, interior at this, steel ball is provided with between male cone (strobilus masculinus), it is characterized in that: the lower end of described support piston is provided with the cylindrical boss of hollow, this cylindrical boss extend in the piston channel of described base, match with described supporting rod through after this cylindrical boss in described ejector rod upper end.
Preferably, the diameter of piston is ejected described in the external diameter of the cylindrical boss of described hollow is not more than, the lifting surface area ejecting piston like this compensate for effective work area support piston being lost because arranging liftout attachment completely, thus not only compensate for former thrust loss, but also it is supplementary to have the thrust exceeded.Certainly, if allow less lifting surface area loss, also the external diameter of cylindrical boss can be designed to slightly larger than the described structure ejecting the diameter of piston.
In above-mentioned each scheme, further preferably, the inwall of described cylindrical boss is provided with a shoulder, the upper and lower end of described retracting spring is resisted against this shoulder respectively and ejects on piston, like this when ejecting piston when ejecting supporting rod, retracting spring is compressed in the cylindrical boss of hollow gradually, does not affect the conflict of the cylindrical boss lower end ejecting piston and hollow.But when the diameter ejecting piston is obviously greater than the external diameter of cylindrical boss, the upper and lower end of retracting spring can be against base and eject between piston, such scheme, under the effect realizing returning spring restoring force, the conflict of the cylindrical boss lower end ejecting piston and hollow can not be affected equally.
In order to ensure ejecting the moving up and down not by the impact of air in piston channel of piston, in above-mentioned each scheme, preferably, described base is provided with vent cap, described piston channel is connected with outside via this vent cap.The air of such piston channel is freely communicated with mutually with ambient air, to reduce resistance of air when ejecting piston up-down.
In such scheme, be preferably, the upper periphery of described base there is a step and at described base, form a cavity volume between cylinder body and support piston, described base has the oil inlet passage be connected with this cavity volume, hydraulic oil can promote support cylinder from below, makes overall structure more compact.
Be preferably, the 3rd seal ring is installed between the surface of contact of the cylindrical boss of described hollow and the piston channel of described base, reliable sealing between the surface of contact of the piston channel of guarantee support piston and base.
In above-mentioned each scheme, further preferably, the inner conical surface of described support piston has the interior raceway caved inward from top to bottom, and described interior raceway has multiple, the circumference respectively along described support piston distributes; Described elastomeric male cone (strobilus masculinus) is then provided with described multiple interior raceway mutually one to one and the outer raceway caved inward, described steel ball is arranged in the raceway be made up of the inside and outside raceway of correspondence.Such structure can make to change linear contact lay into by point cantact between steel ball and raceway, the stress of receiving between steel ball and elastomer, support piston can be reduced, not only can improve the bearing capacity of supporting oil cylinder, and can increase the service life, and the mechanical characteristic requirement of elastomer material therefor can also be reduced, under equal requirement, can reduce costs.
In above-mentioned further preferred scheme, the cross section of described inside and outside raceway is circular groove, the radius of this circular groove is identical with the radius of steel ball, to make to reach complete linear contact lay between steel ball and raceway, the bearing capacity of supporting oil cylinder is further improved.
Be preferably, two described raceways are one group, and this many groups raceway is respectively circumferentially uniform, like this to supporting rod supporting, stressed more even.
More practical, between described supporting rod and the surface of contact of cylinder body, dust ring is installed, prevents supporting rod from ejecting, foreign matter enters cylinder body when bouncing back, and guarantees that supporting oil cylinder can work stably in a long term.
Compared with prior art, because the present invention is provided with cylindrical boss dexterously, utilize cylindrical boss and eject coordinating of piston, the present invention is made to have the structure of double-piston supporting, namely when ejecting piston, stressed to overcome retracting spring up, when supporting rod being ejected by ejector rod, eject piston by the cylindrical boss of contact support piston lower end, then eject piston and support piston stressed upper top simultaneously, support piston produces radial component by steel ball to elastomer and makes elastomer hold supporting rod tightly.Obviously, at this moment eject piston have supporting rod is ejected after boosting support piston double action that workpiece is supported again, the thrust ejecting piston increased, effective work area of the support piston of losing owing to arranging liftout attachment can be compensated, the overall thrust upwards of supporting oil cylinder is made to reach, even be greater than the work area of complete support piston, thus the present invention can significantly improve supporting force under the condition of same cylinder diameter and pressure, achieves the object of small volume, big bear power under low voltage situations.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of first embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is that A-A in Fig. 1 is to sectional view;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of support piston in Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is the plan view of Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of Fig. 1 elastomer;
Fig. 6 is that B-B in Fig. 5 is to sectional view;
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of second embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiment is described in further detail the present invention.
First embodiment: as shown in Figures 1 to 6, the hydraulic floating supporting oil cylinder in the present embodiment includes cylinder body 1, liftout attachment and supporting holding device, and wherein the internal diameter of cylinder body 1 is 24mm, and outer wall has outside thread, and upper-end surface has through hole, and lower end mouth is opened wide; Liftout attachment includes again base 2, ejects piston 3, ejector rod 4, retracting spring a1, supporting rod 5 and ejector spring a2, described base 2 is positioned in the lower end mouth of cylinder body 1, and between base 2 and cylinder body 1, be provided with the first seal ring b1, base 2 is sealed and is blocked in the lower end mouth of cylinder body 1; Piston channel 21 is also axially arranged with in this base 2, in the present embodiment, the upper diameter of this piston channel 21 is less than lower diameter, above-mentionedly eject the bottom that piston 3 is positioned at this piston channel 21, eject on piston be provided with the second seal ring b2 at this, make to eject piston 3 and seal slip in the bottom of piston channel.The lower end of above-mentioned ejector rod 4 with eject piston 3 and fix, upper end is stretched in the inner chamber 51 of supporting rod 5.The upper end of above-mentioned supporting rod 5 is by exposing to described cylinder body after the through hole on cylinder body, and the threaded upper ends of this supporting rod 5 connects crown cap 6.Above-mentioned ejector spring position a2 is in the inner chamber 51 of supporting rod, and its upper and lower end is respectively with the upper end of ejector rod 4 with push up cap 6 and offset.
Described supporting holding device then includes the support piston 7, elastomer 8, steel ball 9 and the Returnning spring a3 that are positioned at cylinder body, its elastomer 8 is enclosed between above-mentioned supporting rod 5 and support piston 7, and the top wall thickness of support piston 7 is less than bottom wall thickness, and make support piston 7 internal surface become rising inner conical surface, the outer surface of elastomer 8 is then designed to the male cone (strobilus masculinus) mutually mated with this inner conical surface, steel ball 9 is located between this inside and outside conical surface, the top of support piston 7 is provided with the pad 10 that restriction steel ball moves, to ensure that steel ball is always movable between the inside and outside conical surface.The lower end of Returnning spring a3 is against on this pad 10, and the upper edge of upper end and elastomer 8 offsets.In order to increase the effective work area of support piston, the lower end of above-mentioned support piston 7 is provided with the cylindrical boss 71 of hollow, in the present embodiment, the external diameter (external diameter is 10mm) of the cylindrical boss 71 of this hollow is less than the diameter (diameter is 12mm) ejecting piston 3, this cylindrical boss 71 extend in the piston channel 21 of base, and and between the top of piston channel 21, be provided with the 3rd seal ring b3, make this cylindrical boss 71 seal slip in the top of piston channel 21.
For the ease of making, be more conducive to the stability of work, the inwall of above-mentioned cylindrical boss 71 is provided with a shoulder 72, and the upper and lower end of retracting spring a1 is resisted against this shoulder 72 respectively and ejects on piston 3.Base 2 is provided with vent cap 22, by the inside of piston channel 21 and ft connection, can freely breathe in working procedure, reduces the resistance of air ejected when piston 3 moves up and down.Simultaneously at the upper periphery of base, there is a step and make base, between cylinder body and support piston, form a cavity volume 23, base also having the oil inlet passage 24 be connected with this cavity volume.
In order to improve the bearing capacity of supporting oil cylinder further, the above-mentioned inside and outside conical surface is also designed to following structure: the inner conical surface of support piston 7 has the interior raceway 73 caved inward from top to bottom, and interior raceway 73 has multiple, the circumference respectively along support piston 7 distributes; The male cone (strobilus masculinus) of elastomer 8 is then provided with multiple interior raceway 73 phase one to one and the outer raceway 81 caved inward, steel ball 9 is arranged in the raceway be made up of the inside and outside raceway of correspondence.In the present embodiment, interior raceway is preferably 16, then outer raceway also has 16 and the cross section of inside and outside raceway is circular groove, and the radius of this circular groove is identical with the radius of steel ball.Two described raceways are formed one group, this many groups raceway is circumferentially uniform respectively, and please refer to the drawing 2, can improve the bearing capacity of supporting oil cylinder further simultaneously.After adopting so inside and outside cone structure, can make to be linear contact lay between steel ball and raceway, thus the stress of receiving that can reduce between steel ball and elastomer, support piston, can increase the service life while improve the bearing capacity of supporting oil cylinder, and the mechanical characteristic requirement of elastomer material therefor can also be reduced.
Except above-mentioned seal ring, the 4th seal ring b4 is provided with between support piston 7 and cylinder body 1, also and between cylinder body through hole surface of contact the 5th seal ring b5 is provided with at supporting rod 5, between supporting rod and the through hole surface of contact of cylinder body, dust ring b6 is installed simultaneously, this dust ring b6 can prevent supporting rod 5 from ejecting, foreign matter enters cylinder body 1 when bouncing back, and guarantees that supporting oil cylinder can work stably in a long term.
The working procedure of this hydraulic floating supporting oil cylinder is as follows: when hydraulic oil enters after in the rodless cavity 25 ejected below piston, hydraulic oil promotes to eject piston 3, and it is up to overcome retracting spring a1, by ejector spring a2, supporting rod 5 is ejected, retracting spring a1 is compressed gradually, the straight piston 3 that only ejects is when touching the cylindrical boss 71 of support piston 7 bottom, and retracting spring a1 is fully compressed in the cylindrical boss 71 of support piston 7, and supporting rod 5 ejects contact to workpiece 100 completely.In the process, hydraulic oil enters in cavity volume 23 through oil inlet passage 24 simultaneously, but because Returnning spring a3 is prefixed downforce to support piston 7, this downforce is greater than the hydraulic coupling sum ejecting and piston 3 thrust now and support piston 7 obtain, thus support piston 7 can not with supporting rod 5 eject and up.
Afterwards, hydraulic fluid pressure raises, at this moment hydraulic oil enters rodless cavity 25, enter cavity volume 23 by oil inlet passage 24 simultaneously, overcome the pretightening force of Returnning spring a3, promote support piston 7 and eject piston 3 up simultaneously, under the effect of the inside and outside conical surface, make elastomer 8 hold supporting rod 5 tightly by steel ball 9, complete the supporting to workpiece 100, until reach the working pressure of setting.
When discharging hydraulic fluid pressure, steel ball 9 guarantees that support piston 7 can not produce self-locking, support piston 7 successfully can be pushed into the initial position contacted with base 1 by Returnning spring a3, simultaneously retracting spring a1 also will eject piston 3 and push back to initial position, and eject the ejector rod 4 that piston 3 is connected supporting rod 5 is retracted home position.
In the present embodiment, the oil pressure of hydraulic oil selects 7MPa, and the conical surface gradient of support piston 7 is set to 5 °, and radial component and the enclasping force of generation reach 36.60kN, at least can obtain the friction supporting force of 4.4kN.And support piston 7 thrust is upwards 2.56kN, adds and eject piston 3 thrust 0.77kN upwards, reach the comprehensive thrust of 3.33kN altogether, be the actual supporting force of supporting oil cylinder.The supporting force of this actual acquisition improves about 30% relative to 2.56kN.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, should be understood that, for the ordinary skill in the art, do not departing under principle prerequisite of the present invention, various deformation and improvement can also be made, such as when the diameter ejecting piston is obviously greater than the external diameter of cylindrical boss, as shown in Figure 7, now retracting spring a1's is upper, lower end can be against base 2 and eject between piston 3, the lifting surface area now ejecting piston 3 compensate for effective work area support piston 7 being lost because arranging liftout attachment, not only compensate for former thrust loss, and eject part lifting surface area that piston 3 is greater than cylindrical boss face area and also there is thrust supplement, make actual supporting force beyond the supporting force of complete support piston, thus such structure has better support effects.Or, when allowing less lifting surface area loss, also the external diameter of cylindrical boss can be designed to the structure slightly larger than the diameter ejecting piston.Namely such scheme also should be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.