CN103441641A - Detonation wave ejection loop type magnetic fluid power generation system - Google Patents
Detonation wave ejection loop type magnetic fluid power generation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN103441641A CN103441641A CN2013103903710A CN201310390371A CN103441641A CN 103441641 A CN103441641 A CN 103441641A CN 2013103903710 A CN2013103903710 A CN 2013103903710A CN 201310390371 A CN201310390371 A CN 201310390371A CN 103441641 A CN103441641 A CN 103441641A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a detonation wave ejection rotary road type magnetic fluid power generation system. The detonation wave ejection rotary road type magnetic fluid power generation system is characterized in that at least one detonation engine ejects denotation fuel gas into a fuel gas magnetic fluid closed loop through an ejection mixer, magnetic fluid power generation units is connected in series in the closed loop, each magnetic fluid power generation unit is composed of a strong ionization discharge non-equilibrium plasma chemical reactor and a section of magnetic fluid power generation channel, the plasma chemical reactors are arranged in the closed loop, a strong ionization discharge magnetic fluid working medium is generated while high-pressure raw material gas including methane, carbon dioxide and vapor are synthesized into gas fuel through autothermal combination and reforming, and the strong ionization discharge magnetic fluid working medium passes through the magnetic fluid power generation channel at a high speed and cuts magnetic lines of force to directly output electricity. Due to the fact that closed-loop circulation is adopted for fuel gas magnetic fluid and no exhaust system is adopted, natural resources are fully utilized, and the magnetic fluid power generation efficiency is improved.
Description
One, technical field
Detonation wave injection loop-type magnetohydrodynamic electricity generation system belongs to the generating mechanical device, particularly relates to a kind of natural gas detonation combustion gas iterative cycles in closed circuit circuit, heat energy is directly changed into to the novel magnetohydrodynamic electricity generation system of electric energy.Relate in addition a kind of hyperbar slippage arc dense ionization discharging nonequilibrium plasma body generator and a kind of plasma shock wave and focus on the repetition detonation engine that detonates.
Two, technical background
As everyone knows, magnetohydrodynamic electricity generation system divides by its duty cycle, can be divided into open-cycle magnetohydrodynamics power generation and closed-cycle magnetohydrodynamics power generation.Open loop and closed-loop system are all that to take fossil fuel (can be also nuclear energy) be thermal source, closed loop is only that the heat energy that combustion of fossil fuel is produced is passed to inert gas or liquid metal by certain heat exchanger, therefore in the magnetohydrodynamic generation that is thermal source at combustion of fossil fuel, to have most of heat energy and follow tail gas directly discharged to atmosphere, cause the pollution of environment and the significant wastage of the energy, how controlling the discharge of carbon dioxide after combustion of fossil fuel and the recycling that it is carried out to effective energy, is global scientist's urgent need to solve the problem.
Chemical energy is by the difference of the shock propagation speed after burning, and combustion wave can be divided into deflagration ripple and detonation wave.The deflagration of fuel can be similar to thinks isobaric procedure, and the detonation combustion process is similar to constant volume process, and the efficiency of cycle is higher than nearly one times of isobaric combustion efficiency.Imagination, by the detonation of fuel, is converted into chemical energy the kinetic energy of working medium, although can obtain the high speed magnetic fluid, the conductivity of combustion gas generally only has 10
-2～10
-1the S/M order of magnitude, even by additional nonequilibrium plasma electric discharge, improve the conductivity of magnetic fluid working medium, also belongs to light current from magnetic fluid, and its degree of ionization is 10
-6in<a<0.01 scope.Mainly in plasma, electron concentration determines plasma conductivity.The so-called non-equilibrium electronics that refers generally in system is compared with heavy particle and is had larger kinetic energy, show as the temperature of electronics far away higher than heavy particle temperature, under non-equilibrium condition, the energy Main Function of additional highfield is in electronics, can make electron temperature in plasma be easy to reach several ten thousand K, and heavy particle temperature is almost constant, fluid now just has higher conductivity, has also avoided the restriction of generating working medium to high-temperature material simultaneously.
Reforming plasma CH
4-CO
2preparing synthetic gas (H2+CO), not only can rationally utilize the abundant CH of nature
4with CO
2resource, and can alleviate the greenhouse effect that both cause, alleviate air environmental pollution.Domestic and international ongoing plasma CH
4-CO
2in the research of reaction preparing synthetic gas, adopt two kinds of technological processes of nonequilibrium plasma and hot plasma more.Nonequilibrium plasma has very high selectivity and energy efficiency, but plasma density is lower, is difficult to be issued to high conversion ratio at high flow capacity.In addition, under atmospheric pressure, the heterogeneity of nonequilibrium plasma electric discharge is difficult to guarantee that unstripped gas, all by plasma slab, causes the energy yields of reaction on the low side, is unfavorable for industrial applications.The heavy particle temperature of hot plasma approaches and equates with electron temperature, can reach 5000K---10000K, not only contain abundant chemically-active particle, be also a kind of good high temperature heat source simultaneously, and can be the strong endothermic reaction process provides enough energy and can accelerate chemical reaction course.Although hot plasma reformation CH
4, CO
2treating capacity is large, but the working medium basal temperature is high, and energy efficiency is very low.
Three, summary of the invention
For prior art the object of the invention, be, a kind of closed-cycle magnetohydrodynamics power generation system that the natural gas detonation wave is power of take is provided, compared with prior art have following features: 1, the burning Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) generator adopts closed circuit loop-type structure, without gas extraction system, does not have the exhaust pollution environment; 2, the energy of recycling in tail gas improves combustion efficiency; 3, carbon dioxide and steam can be converted into to fuel in the magnetohydrodynamic generation passage, and rekindle in the closed circuit circuit of magnetic fluid; 4, improve the conductivity of magnetic fluid by the nonequilibrium plasma strong ionization discharge, increase magnetohydrodynamic generation efficiency; 5, the system movement-less part, simple and reliable for structure; 6, propose a kind of plasma shock wave and focus on the repetition detonation engine that detonates; 7, a kind of slippage arc dense ionization discharging nonequilibrium plasma body generator is proposed.
Technical characteristics of the present invention: on a closed circuit circuit, there is more than one detonation engine to pass through mixer-ejector, by in the closed circuit circuit of detonation gas injection people, in closed circuit circuit, series connection arranges at least one section magnetohydrodynamic generation unit, and every section magnetohydrodynamic generation unit all is provided with a dense ionization discharging nonequilibrium plasma body generator; , dense ionization discharging nonequilibrium plasma body generator in closed circuit circuit, be ion source be also plasma chemical reactor; Plasma methane CO 2 reformation, steam reforming and methane portion oxidation mixed reforming, in closed circuit circuit, during the dense ionization discharging nonequilibrium plasma body chemical reactor of process series connection, occur in the detonation combustion gas; Can be by CH
4, CO
2and H
2o approaches 100% and is converted into H in closed circuit circuit
2+ CO synthesis gas fuel (owing to there being other trace element in gas), and suck and repeat burning through mixer-ejector in closed circuit circuit, so iterative cycles is without gas extraction system, circuit is interior by the combustion gas Nonequilibrium magnetic fluid working substance of dense ionization simultaneously, cutting magnetic line while passing through the magnetohydrodynamic generation passage of connecting at a high speed, be converted into electric energy output by kinetic energy.
Described detonation engine can be pulse detonation engine or the rotation detonation engine, they be all by mixer-ejector by the closed circuit circuit of detonation gas injection people, and in closed circuit circuit the mineralization pressure gradient.
Described magnetohydrodynamic generation unit is comprised of one section magnetohydrodynamic generation passage and a dense ionization discharging nonequilibrium plasma body generator.
Described magnetohydrodynamic generation unit also is comprised of one section magnetohydrodynamic generation passage and a dense ionization discharging nonequilibrium plasma body chemical reactor.
Described dense ionization discharging nonequilibrium plasma body chemical reactor carries out methane self-heating mixed reforming preparing synthetic gas fuel in the magnetohydrodynamic generation passage.
Four, accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 detonation wave injection loop-type magnetohydrodynamic electricity generation system schematic diagram
Accompanying drawing 2 detonation wave injection loop-type magnetohydrodynamic electricity generation system schematic diagrames
Accompanying drawing 3 detonation wave injection loop-type magnetohydrodynamic electricity generation system schematic diagrames
Accompanying drawing 4 detonation wave injection loop-type magnetohydrodynamic electricity generation system schematic diagrames
The accompanying drawing 5 plasma focuss repetition detonation engine schematic diagram that detonates
Accompanying drawing 6A-----A cutaway view
Accompanying drawing 7B-----B cutaway view
Accompanying drawing 8 high pressure non equilibrium plasma slippage arc strong ionization discharge generator schematic diagrames
In accompanying drawing: 1, closed circuit circuit, 2, detonation engine, 3, the lobe mixer-ejector, 4, repeat the detonation combustion chamber, 5, the magnetohydrodynamic generation unit, 6, dense ionization discharging nonequilibrium plasma body generator/dense ionization discharging nonequilibrium plasma body chemical reactor/slippage arc dense ionization discharging nonequilibrium plasma body generator, 7, magnetohydrodynamic generation passage magnet, 8. detonation combustion gas, 9, ejection gas, 10, premixed gas, 11, the plasma focus repetition detonation engine medium blocking discharge electrode that detonates, the repetition detonation engine Detonation Tube 12. plasma focus detonates, 13, the plasma focus repetition detonation engine cavity that detonates, the 14 plasma focuss repetition detonation dielectric barrier discharge power supply that detonates, 15, high pressure methane, carbon dioxide, the steam mist, 16, dense ionization discharging nonequilibrium plasma body generator medium blocking discharge electrode, 17, dense ionization discharging nonequilibrium plasma body generator dielectric barrier discharge power supply, 18, iontophoresis electrode, 19, the iontophoresis electrode power supply, 20, dense ionization discharging nonequilibrium plasma body jet/slippage arc.
Five, specific embodiment
1, the pulse detonation engine of prior art and continuous rotation detonation engine remain concept engine, from practical engineering application, also have many key technologies to need to solve.According to the power technology requirement of detonation wave injection loop-type magnetohydrodynamic electricity generation system, the present invention proposes a kind of plasma shock wave and focuses on the repetition detonation engine (accompanying drawing 5) that detonates.Engine is comprised of premixed gas feed system, dielectric barrier discharge plasma annular jet, Detonation Tube, lobe mixer-ejector, repetition detonation combustion chamber.Its power cycle is comprised of the two-stage pulse detonation, and first order pulse detonation is in reflecting and concave-cavity, and second level pulse detonation is repeating the detonation combustion chamber.It is characterized in that, the annular inlet nozzle place of Detonation Tube arranges medium blocking discharge electrode, the supersonic speed premixed gas is discharged, form supersonic speed plasma annular jet, the shock wave concave surface ejection values at the bottom of chamber produced by annular supersonic jet focused collision, focus on formation HTHP " focus " and detonate, form the high-frequency pulse detonation wave in Detonation Tube.Another of Detonation Tube is characterised in that, the exhaust end connection lobe mixer-ejector of Detonation Tube and repetition detonation combustion chamber.Lobe mixer-ejector and repetition detonation combustion chamber are arranged in the closed circuit circuit of electricity generation system, by the lobe mixer-ejector, the suction of the synthesis gas fuel of conversion are repeated in the detonation combustion chamber repeat burning.The so-called detonation combustion chamber of repeating, just refer to and increase a sudden expansion cross section in combustion chamber, on cross section, detonation wave bends, and the wave surface area increases, and the Mach number reduces, leading shock wave and reaction zone decoupling zero, leading shock wave after decoupling zero is recompressed part unreacting gas mixture, has further improved the temperature and pressure of admixture of gas, passes through shock wave interaction in combustion chamber, again detonate in this compressed gas, obtain the detonation process that a mistake is driven; This is crossed the detonation wave driven and forms high-pressure side and low-pressure end by the lobe mixer-ejector in circuit.The dynamical system that plasma shock wave focuses on the repetition detonation engine that detonates is high pressure injection premixed gas continuously, without the DDT distance, and without igniter, but the adaptive control direct initiation.
2, the present invention proposes a kind of hyperbar (p > 0.1MPa) nonequilibrium plasma slippage arc strong ionization discharge generator (accompanying drawing 8), and generator is comprised of high pressure feed methane, carbon dioxide, steam feed system and two-stage nonequilibrium plasma coupling strong ionization discharge.The strong electric discharge of the first order is by dielectric impedance pulse strong ionization discharge, the non-equilibrium plasma jet that produces, and its jet plasma concentration should reach 10
10/ cm
3above; By this strong ionization discharge plasma jet device of two covers, be arranged on closed circuit circuit both sides, the dense ionization plasma jet relatively sprays the circuit center that intersects in circuit.The generation of second level dense ionization discharging nonequilibrium plasma body, the both sides at first order dense ionization plasma jet, again import a new strong discharge electric field by iontophoresis electrode, utilize the conductivity that jet plasma is good, allow two jets intersect arc discharge in channel center, under the coupling of electrical discharge arc high-intensity magnetic field in detonation gas-flow and power channel, from the starting the arc to breath arc iterative cycles, form a kind of new hyperbar (p>0.1Mpa) nonequilibrium plasma strong ionization discharge slippage arc discharge pattern in mobile process.This pattern is that to take two plasma jets be sparking electrode, and the arcing distance of two electrodes is to spray intensity by jet to adjust, for reaching higher non-equilibrium degree and ionizing efficiency, also can adopt the nanosecond pulse discharge power supply, nanosecond pulse discharge makes the very short time of high electric field strength application, and before plasma decay is complete, apply next high-voltage pulse and produce new electronics, the short pulse time of its nanosecond is much smaller than ionization to instability development and be converted into the arc discharge characteristic time, greatly improved the stability of plasma, and nanosecond pulse discharge has realized that higher amounting under field intensity discharge, compare direct current self-maintained discharge and there is higher non-equilibrium degree and ionizing efficiency, maintaining the power that the plasma of equal ionization level consumes will be far below the direct-current discharge mode, the strong discharge mode of this nanosecond pulse and slippage arc discharge pattern are mutually to transform by controlling the power technology parameter.Through two grade coupled strong electric field ionization discharges, can form reduced electric field intensity E/n.>350Td, electronics average energy Te.>10eV, the electron concentration of generation>10
16/ cm
3nonequilibrium plasma, its strong ionization discharge makes the interior gas molecule of closed circuit circuit in upper state, decompose, be ionized into photon, electronics, active atomic, excited atom, free radical and bioactive molecule fragment etc., high energy electron is enough to cut off the chemical bond key of any gas molecule, the necessary process that multivariant a certain specific chemical bond rupture forms the recruit that has is being provided for chemical reaction, its time yardstick is molecular vibration cycle magnitude, be ten to hundreds of femtosecond magnitudes, also simultaneously for Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) generator provide dense ionization (a>10
-4) magnetic fluid working medium.
Dense ionization discharging nonequilibrium plasma body methane self-heating mixed reforming, combine steam reforming, CO 2 reformation and partial oxidation, and be coupled strong heat release and two kinds of reactions of strong heat absorption, by regulating H
2o, CO
2, and CH
4relative response concentration, can obtain different H
2the gas of/CO ratio is all a kind of advanced method of effective use of energy sources from technology and economic angle.The methane self-heating mixed reforming of detonation wave injection loop-type magnetohydrodynamic electricity generation system is to be undertaken by two steps, is at first methane oxidation, by methane/oxygen premixed gas detonation combustion in detonation engine: CH
4+ 2O
2=CO
2+ 2H
2this reaction of O is strong exothermic oxidation reaction, generate carbon dioxide and steam when supplying with magnetic fluid working medium kinetic energy and heat after, and CH
4, CO
2, gaseous state H
2the O high pressure feed, produce the nonequilibrium plasma jet through the dielectric impedance strong ionization discharge and spray in closed circuit circuit, through continuous slippage arc strong ionization discharge, and contingent key reaction in closed circuit circuit nonequilibrium plasma chemical reactor:
Iterative cycles reaction preparing synthetic gas (H in closed circuit circuit
2/ CO) in process, need to exist a certain amount of steam can prevent separating out of blocking, the heat sink specification requirement reduced high-temperature material of steam, hyperbar (P>0.1Mpa) a kind of Athermal plasma of nonequilibrium plasma between hot plasma and cold plasma, it carries high molecular vibrational energy by high energy electron to the vibrational excitation of molecule, than the equilibrium temperature that improves reactant, come fast reaction speed effectively many, also can greatly reduce the energy consumption of system simultaneously.
Claims (10)
1. a detonation wave injection loop-type magnetohydrodynamic electricity generation system, feature comprises, a closed circuit circuit of gas magnetic fluid (1), at least one detonation engine (2) sprays detonation combustion gas (8) in the closed circuit circuit of people (1) by mixer-ejector (3), in closed circuit circuit (1), series connection arranges at least one section magnetohydrodynamic generation unit (5), magnetohydrodynamic generation unit (5) is comprised of a dense ionization discharging nonequilibrium plasma body generator (6) and one section magnetohydrodynamic generation passage (7), dense ionization discharging nonequilibrium plasma body generator (6) is in closed circuit circuit, be that ion source is also plasma chemical reactor, plasma chemical reactor (6) is in closed circuit circuit (1), by high pressure feed CH
4, CO
2with gaseous state H
2o self-heating mixed reforming preparing synthetic gas (CO+H
2) time, the dense ionization Nonequilibrium magnetic fluid working substance of generation, at a high speed by the magnetohydrodynamic generation passage (7) of series connection, cutting magnetic line output electric energy.
2. detonation wave injection loop-type magnetohydrodynamic electricity generation system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the gas magnetic fluid adopts closed cycle, without gas extraction system.
3. detonation wave injection loop-type magnetohydrodynamic electricity generation system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, pass through the dense ionization discharging nonequilibrium plasma body chemical reactor (6) of series connection, methane self-heating mixed reforming preparing synthetic gas (CO+H in circuit (1)
2) conversion ratio approach 100% (owing to there being other trace elements in gas).
4. detonation wave injection loop-type magnetohydrodynamic electricity generation system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, detonation engine (2) can be that pulse detonation engine can be also the continuous rotation detonation engine, the detonation combustion gas (8) produced is all by mixer-ejector (3) the spray closed circuit circuit of people (1), and suction synthesis gas (9) repeats burning, mineralization pressure gradient in closed circuit circuit (1).
5. detonation wave injection loop-type magnetohydrodynamic electricity generation system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, magnetohydrodynamic generation unit (5) are comprised of a dense ionization discharging nonequilibrium plasma body chemical reactor (6) and one section magnetohydrodynamic generation passage (7).
6. a plasma shock wave focuses on the repetition detonation engine (2) that detonates, its feature comprises: engine is comprised of two-stage detonation thermodynamic cycle, the first order, supersonic speed plasma premixed gas detonate at cavity (13) inner focusing, the second level, by injection synthesis gas (9), are being repeated detonation combustion chamber (4) detonation again; It is characterized in that, the inlet end annular jet of Detonation Tube (12) is provided with medium blocking discharge electrode (11) and electrode supply (14), and the exhaust end of Detonation Tube (12) connects mixer-ejector (3) and repeats detonation combustion chamber (4).
7. a kind of plasma shock wave focuses on the repetition detonation engine (2) that detonates according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, mixer-ejector can be lobe mixer-ejector (3), and repeating detonation combustion chamber (4) has a sudden expansion cross section.
8. a hyperbar slippage arc dense ionization discharging nonequilibrium plasma body generator (6), feature comprises, generator is comprised of two-stage nonequilibrium plasma coupling strong ionization discharge, the first order, by dielectric impedance strong ionization discharge (16) (17), produces dense ionization nonequilibrium plasma jet (20); The second level is again to import a highfield (18) (19) on two nonequilibrium plasma jets (20) that relatively spray, in two jet intersection starting the arc reignitions; Under the driving of air-flow (8) or magnetic field (7), the starting the arc of electric arc experience, to the iterative cycles process of breath arc, can produce hyperbar slippage arc dense ionization discharging nonequilibrium plasma body (20); Through two grade coupled strong ionization discharge reduced electric field intensity E/n>350Td, electronics average energy Te>10Ev, the electron concentration of generation>10
16/ cm
3the dense ionization nonequilibrium plasma, and within the scope that the generator Temperature of Working still can bear at high-temperature material.
9. a kind of hyperbar slippage arc dense ionization discharging nonequilibrium plasma body generator (6) according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, second level highfield power supply (19) is to pass to plasma jet (20) by iontophoresis electrode (18).
10. a kind of hyperbar slippage arc dense ionization discharging nonequilibrium plasma body generator (6) according to claim 8, is characterized in that, utilizes the good plasma jet of conductivity (20) as sparking electrode.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106065852A (en) * | 2015-06-09 | 2016-11-02 | 熵零股份有限公司 | A kind of electromotor |
| CN107701312A (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2018-02-16 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心计算空气动力研究所 | A kind of hypersonic jets |
| CN107842442A (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2018-03-27 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心计算空气动力研究所 | A kind of aero-engine |
| CN112299373A (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2021-02-02 | 北京佳锐鸿科技发展有限责任公司 | Method for preparing hydrogen by reforming natural gas through magnetic rotation and unbalanced sliding arc |
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