CN103433584A - Medium-temperature brazing method of dissimilar metals of titanium and aluminium under atmospheric condition - Google Patents
Medium-temperature brazing method of dissimilar metals of titanium and aluminium under atmospheric condition Download PDFInfo
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- CN103433584A CN103433584A CN2013102703327A CN201310270332A CN103433584A CN 103433584 A CN103433584 A CN 103433584A CN 2013102703327 A CN2013102703327 A CN 2013102703327A CN 201310270332 A CN201310270332 A CN 201310270332A CN 103433584 A CN103433584 A CN 103433584A
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Abstract
The invention provides a medium-temperature brazing method of dissimilar metals of titanium and aluminium under the atmospheric condition. The medium-temperature brazing method comprises the following key points of: before brazing, firstly carrying out hot-dip aluminum plating on a titanium plate, forming an aluminium-plating layer with certain thickness on the surface of the titanium plate, then preparing a zinc-aluminium brazing material melting layer on the surfaces of the aluminium-plating layer of the aluminium plate and the titanium plate by a mechanical scratching and melting method, and then carrying brazing connection. The medium-temperature brazing method provided by the invention has the advantages that oxidation films are removed by mechanical scratching, so that the zinc-aluminium brazing materials can be wet and spread on the surfaces of the aluminium-plating layers of the aluminium plate and the titanium plate to form uniform melting, and brazing materials do not need to be added in the following brazing process; due to lower brazing temperature, a large amount of titanium-aluminium friable intermetallic compounds on the interface can be limited from generating to a certain extent, and further the toughness of joints is improved; the medium-temperature brazing method is simple and easy in operation, can be carried out under the atmospheric condition, does not need special atmosphere for protection and is suitable for practical engineering application.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to welding technology field, specifically a kind of middle temperature brazing method under titanium, aluminum dissimilar metal atmospheric conditions.
Background technology
Titanium alloy and aluminium alloy have been widely used in the fields such as Aeronautics and Astronautics and automobile as light-weight high-strength material.Titanium alloy has high specific strength and good low-temperature flexibility, good corrosion resistance, yet its expensive serious extensive application that limits titanium alloy.The aluminium alloy plasticity and toughness are good, light specific gravity, and with respect to titanium alloy, aluminium alloy all has obvious advantage aspect cost, however intensity of aluminum alloy and heat resistance are not good, have limited its further application yet.Titanium aluminum dissimilar metal composite component both can have been taken into account two kinds of metals characteristic separately, received the effect of making the best use of everything, and had reduced to a great extent again cost, contributed to realize lightweight, the structure-function integration requirement of modern industry simultaneously.Therefore, titanium aluminium composite component has boundless application prospect in above-mentioned field, and the connectivity problem of titanium aluminum dissimilar metal has also caused scholars' great attention and extensive concern in the industry in recent years.
The reliable connection that how to realize the titanium aluminum dissimilar metal is the key that enlarges its application, gives full play to its unique advantage, be also perplexing always scholar in the industry subject matter and where the shoe pinches.Because titanium, aluminum dissimilar metal are huge in aspect differences such as lattice types, lattice paprmeter, atomic number, electronegativity, there is not the describing property on metallurgy, under room temperature, titanium atom is very little in the intracell solid solubility of aluminium, easily generate the intermetallic compound of multiple fragility in welding process, and the physical and chemical performance differences such as the two thermal conductivity, linear expansion coefficient are also very large, easily cause titanium aluminium jointing to have larger residual stress, make joint easily produce low stress damage, reduced the serviceability of joint.
With regard to grasped literature content, the method of attachment of titanium, aluminum dissimilar metal at present mainly contains soldering, diffusion welding (DW), Laser Welding, friction welding (FW) and molten soldering etc., common fusion welding method generates compound between a large amount of brittle metals because a large amount of fusings of mother metal in connection procedure cause in weld seam and makes the joint performance severe exacerbation, has not been suitable for the connection of titanium, aluminum dissimilar metal.
Soldering be utilize fusing point lower (lower than welded metal) thus brazing flux fusing after react and realize a kind of method that it is connected with welded metal generation series of physicochemical, can be divided into furnace brazing, gas brazing and high-frequency induction brazing etc. again with regard to mode of heating.Due to brazing temperature, lower than the mother metal fusing point, in brazing process, mother metal does not melt, therefore the brazing of titanium aluminum dissimilar metal can effectively suppress the generation of compound between brittle metal and grow up, and then improves to a certain extent the obdurability of titanium element in aluminium joint.But, because aluminium base solder is very poor in the titanium wettability of the surface, the difficulty that obtains high-quality titanium element in aluminium joint is increased.Based on this, the present invention is intended to provide a kind of and improves aluminium base solder in the titanium wettability of the surface and control intermetallic compound generation quantity, obtains the method for good titanium element in aluminium joint.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of middle temperature brazing method under titanium, aluminum dissimilar metal atmospheric conditions, solve the problem that in common brazing process, aluminium base solder is difficult to wetting titanium mother metal, realize the reliable brazing filler metal of titanium, aluminum dissimilar metal.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of middle temperature brazing method under titanium, aluminum dissimilar metal atmospheric conditions, specifically comprise the following steps:
(1) titanium plate surface heat dip calorizing
The clean super-purified aluminium welding wire section of being cut into by surface treatment, put into graphite crucible, graphite crucible is heated to 700 ℃～750 ℃ and makes the super-purified aluminium welding wire fusing, and insulation is above to guarantee the temperature of aluminum liquid homogenising half an hour; Titanium plate end be will be connected and oxide-film and greasy dirt removed; The NOCOLOK brazing flux is dissolved in to acetone and forms suspension, brush in the positive and negative surface of the end of titanium plate 10～20mm width; The titanium plate that will scribble brazing flux one side after the acetone volatilization is dipped vertically in aluminium liquid, keeps with the speed of 2cm/s～3cm/s, at the uniform velocity extracting out after 0.5～3min, completes hot-dip, forms aluminium coated;
(2) the scraping cladding of zinc-aluminum brazing filler metal
Heat aluminium sheet to be welded end and titanium plate aluminium coated position with flame of combustible gases, zinc-aluminum brazing filler metal is melted in aluminium sheet and titanium plate aluminium coated place, zinc-aluminum brazing filler metal and test specimen surface that the limit heating edge is repeatedly swiped and melted with wire, make the zinc-aluminum brazing filler metal of fusing form wetting and spreading evenly cladding on aluminium sheet and titanium plate aluminium coated.
(3) soldering under atmospheric conditions
Aluminium sheet after above-mentioned cladding zinc-aluminum brazing filler metal and the titanium plate of aluminizing are assembled into to lap joint (the zinc-aluminum brazing filler metal cladding layer contacts), make solder layer fusing reaction bonded with the heating of imflammable gas even flame, and the butt joint overlapping part imposes certain pressure and guarantee the test specimen close contact, postwelding can obtain the second best in quality titanium element in aluminium joint.
The present invention also has following feature:
1, above-described NOCOLOK brazing flux or be active stronger chloride and fluoride mixing brazing flux.
2, above-described imflammable gas flame is acetylene and oxygen flame or is propane and oxygen flame.
3, in above-described step (1), by surface treatment, clean super-purified aluminium welding wire is employing acetone wiping removal super-purified aluminium welding wire surface and oil contaminant.
4, excessively unsuitable with wire scraping titanium plate aluminium coated surface in above-described step (2), prevent the aluminium coated heavy damage, wire need have certain rigidity and not react with solder.
5, in above-described step (2) (3), heating and temperature control makes the zinc-aluminum brazing filler metal fusing get final product 390 ℃～420 ℃ left and right, to prevent a large amount of generations of mother metal fusing and intermetallic compound.
6, the middle imflammable gas flame of above-described step (3) heats or is high-frequency induction heating.
7, the certain pressure that in above-described step (3), the butt joint overlapping part applies can be static(al),
8, the certain pressure that the butt joint overlapping part applies in above-described step (3) or be mechanical oscillation or ultrasonic vibration.
Effect of the present invention is:
(1) at titanium plate surface heat dip calorizing as pre-treating technology, make titanium plate surface form certain thickness aluminum layer, make wetting the become possibility of zinc-aluminum brazing filler metal on titanium plate surface, for follow-up scraping cladding process has been created condition.
(2) in cladding process, mechanical scraping can be removed aluminium sheet and titanium plate aluminium coated surface film oxide, promotes the wetting and spreading of zinc-aluminum brazing filler metal, simple to operate, the use of simultaneously having saved brazing flux.
(3) because zinc-aluminum brazing filler metal is able to even cladding, during soldering without adding again solder, and brazing temperature is lower, be 390 ℃～420 ℃ left and right, limited to a certain extent the raised growth of compound between brittle metal, be easy to obtain the titanium element in aluminium joint of better quality under homogeneous heating and certain pressure effect.
(4) brazing process can carry out under atmospheric conditions, without the special atmosphere protection, simple.
Middle temperature brazing method under titanium provided by the present invention-aluminum dissimilar metal atmospheric conditions, operation is simple, is subject to the restrictions such as workpiece size and complex-shaped property little, without the special atmosphere protection, is suitable for practical implementation.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 titanium aluminium middle temperature brazing process flow diagram flow chart;
Hot-dip aluminizing process schematic diagram in Fig. 2 resistance furnace;
Fig. 3 zinc-aluminum brazing filler metal cladding process schematic diagram, a) titanium plate surface cladding zinc-aluminum brazing filler metal, b) surface of aluminum plate cladding zinc-aluminum brazing filler metal;
Fig. 4 aluminium sheet and the titanium plate brazing process schematic diagram of aluminizing;
In figure, 1, the titanium plate, 2, graphite crucible, 3, aluminium liquid, 4, heating wire, 5, aluminium coated, 6, the zinc-aluminum brazing filler metal of fusing, 7, wire, 8, the flame torch, 9, aluminium sheet, 10, aluminium coated and zinc-aluminum brazing filler metal cladding layer.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with Figure of description, the invention will be further described for example:
A kind of middle temperature brazing method under titanium, aluminum dissimilar metal atmospheric conditions, it comprises the following steps:
(1) hot-dip aluminizing
To be cut into segment with the super-purified aluminium welding wire of acetone wiping wipe oil and put into graphite crucible 2, and graphite crucible 2 be put into to stove with heating wire 4 and be heated to 700 ℃ and make the super-purified aluminium welding wire fusing, more than insulation half an hour, to guarantee aluminium liquid 3 equalizing temperatures.To be connected titanium plate 1 end cleans and removes oxide-film and greasy dirt with the sand paper cleaning and with acetone.The NOCOLOK brazing flux is dissolved in to acetone and forms suspension, brush in the positive and negative surface of the width of titanium plate 1 end 10mm.The titanium plate 1 that will scribble brazing flux one side after the acetone volatilization is dipped vertically in aluminium liquid 3, keeps with the speed of 2cm/s, at the uniform velocity extracting out after 0.5min, completes hot-dip, forms aluminium coated 5.
(2) the scraping cladding of zinc-aluminum brazing filler metal
With imflammable gas flame by the zinc-aluminum brazing filler metal heat fused in aluminium sheet 9 ends/titanium plate aluminium coated 5 surfaces, zinc-aluminum brazing filler metal 6 and the test specimen surface of with wire 7, repeatedly swiping and melting, to zinc-aluminum brazing filler metal, in aluminium sheet/titanium plate aluminium coated surface formation wetting and spreading evenly cladding, heating and temperature control is 390 ℃～420 ℃ left and right.
(3) soldering of aluminium sheet and the titanium plate of aluminizing
Aluminize titanium plate and aluminium sheet after the cladding zinc-aluminum brazing filler metal are assembled into to lap joint, lap of splice 8mm, the zinc-aluminum brazing filler metal layer contacts, impose certain pressure at overlapping part and guarantee the test specimen close contact, carry out homogeneous heating with acetylene-oxygen flame or propane oxygen flame, brazing temperature is controlled at 390 ℃～420 ℃ left and right, and postwelding can obtain soldered fitting well.
A kind of middle temperature brazing method under titanium, aluminum dissimilar metal atmospheric conditions, it comprises the following steps:
(1) hot-dip aluminizing
To be cut into segment with the super-purified aluminium welding wire of acetone wiping wipe oil and put into graphite crucible 2, and graphite crucible 2 be put into to stove with heating wire 4 and be heated to 750 ℃ and make the super-purified aluminium welding wire fusing, more than insulation half an hour, to guarantee aluminium liquid 3 equalizing temperatures.To be connected titanium plate 1 end cleans and removes oxide-film and greasy dirt with the sand paper cleaning and with acetone.The NOCOLOK brazing flux is dissolved in to acetone and forms suspension, brush in the positive and negative surface of the width of titanium plate 1 end 20mm.The titanium plate 1 that will scribble brazing flux one side after the acetone volatilization is dipped vertically in aluminium liquid 3, keeps with the speed of 3cm/s, at the uniform velocity extracting out after 3min, completes hot-dip, forms aluminium coated 5.
(2) the scraping cladding of zinc-aluminum brazing filler metal
With acetylene-oxygen or propane oxygen flame by the zinc-aluminum brazing filler metal heat fused in aluminium sheet 9 ends/titanium plate aluminium coated 5 surfaces, zinc-aluminum brazing filler metal 6 and the test specimen surface of with wire 7, repeatedly swiping and melting, to zinc-aluminum brazing filler metal, in aluminium sheet/titanium plate aluminium coated surface formation wetting and spreading evenly cladding, heating and temperature control is 390 ℃～420 ℃ left and right.
(3) soldering of aluminium sheet and the titanium plate of aluminizing
Aluminize titanium plate and aluminium sheet after the cladding zinc-aluminum brazing filler metal are assembled into to lap joint, lap of splice 16mm, the zinc-aluminum brazing filler metal layer contacts, impose certain pressure at overlapping part and guarantee the test specimen close contact, carry out homogeneous heating with acetylene-oxygen flame or propane oxygen flame, brazing temperature is controlled at 390 ℃～420 ℃ left and right, and postwelding can obtain soldered fitting well.
The TC4 titanium alloy sheet that mother metal is 50mm * 40mm * 2mm and LF6 rustproof aluminium sheet, be cut into segment by the super-purified aluminium welding wire after cleaning and put into graphite crucible, crucible put into to electric furnace and be heated to 750 ℃, is incubated one hour and makes the temperature of aluminum liquid homogenising.Chloride, fluoride mixing brazing flux or NOCOLOK brazing flux are dissolved in after acetone is made suspension and are applied to the tow sides in titanium sheet edge 15mm scope, a side that the titanium plate is scribbled to brazing flux after air-dry is dipped vertically in aluminium liquid, after immersion plating 1min, the titanium plate is at the uniform velocity extracted out with the speed of 2cm/s, naturally cooling.Zinc-aluminum brazing filler metal is swiped to cladding equably in aluminium sheet end and TC4 aluminium coated surface, and the aluminium sheet after the cladding zinc-aluminum brazing filler metal and TC4 plate are assembled into to lap joint, lap of splice 12mm, the zinc-aluminum brazing filler metal layer contacts.The butt joint overlapping part imposes certain pressure and guarantees the test specimen close contact, with imflammable gas flame (acetylene+oxygen, carburizing flame and neutral flame combine) homogeneous heating lap joint position makes zinc-aluminum brazing filler metal fusing combination, brazing temperature is controlled at 390 ℃～420 ℃ left and right, and postwelding can obtain good titanium element in aluminium joint.
The TC4 titanium alloy sheet that mother metal is 50mm * 40mm * 2mm and LF6 rustproof aluminium sheet, be cut into segment by the super-purified aluminium welding wire after cleaning and put into graphite crucible, crucible put into to electric furnace and be heated to 700 ℃, is incubated one hour and makes the temperature of aluminum liquid homogenising.The NOCOLOK brazing flux is dissolved in after acetone is made suspension and is applied to the tow sides in titanium sheet edge 10mm scope, a side that the titanium plate is scribbled to brazing flux after air-dry is dipped vertically in aluminium liquid, after immersion plating 2min, the titanium plate is at the uniform velocity extracted out with the speed of 2.5cm/s, naturally cooling.Zinc-aluminum brazing filler metal is swiped respectively to cladding equably in aluminium sheet end and TC4 aluminium coated surface, and the aluminium sheet after the cladding zinc-aluminum brazing filler metal and TC4 plate are assembled into to lap joint, lap of splice 8mm, the zinc-aluminum brazing filler metal layer contacts.The butt joint overlapping part imposes certain pressure and guarantees the test specimen close contact, with imflammable gas flame (acetylene+oxygen, carburizing flame and neutral flame combine) homogeneous heating lap joint position makes zinc-aluminum brazing filler metal fusing combination, brazing temperature is controlled at 390 ℃～420 ℃ left and right, and postwelding can obtain good titanium element in aluminium joint.
Claims (8)
1. the middle temperature brazing method under a titanium, aluminum dissimilar metal atmospheric conditions, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) titanium plate surface heat dip calorizing
The clean super-purified aluminium welding wire section of being cut into by surface treatment, put into graphite crucible, graphite crucible is heated to 700 ℃～750 ℃ and makes the super-purified aluminium welding wire fusing, and insulation is above to guarantee the temperature of aluminum liquid homogenising half an hour; Titanium plate end be will be connected and oxide-film and greasy dirt removed; The NOCOLOK brazing flux is dissolved in to acetone and forms suspension, brush in the positive and negative surface of the end of titanium plate 10～20mm width; The titanium plate that will scribble brazing flux one side after the acetone volatilization is dipped vertically in aluminium liquid, keeps with the speed of 2cm/s～3cm/s, at the uniform velocity extracting out after 0.5～3min, completes hot-dip, forms aluminium coated;
(2) the scraping cladding of zinc-aluminum brazing filler metal
Heat aluminium sheet to be welded end and titanium plate aluminium coated position with flame of combustible gases, zinc-aluminum brazing filler metal is melted in aluminium sheet and titanium plate aluminium coated place, zinc-aluminum brazing filler metal and test specimen surface that the limit heating edge is repeatedly swiped and melted with wire, make the zinc-aluminum brazing filler metal of fusing form wetting and spreading evenly cladding on aluminium sheet and titanium plate aluminium coated;
(3) soldering under atmospheric conditions
Aluminium sheet after above-mentioned cladding zinc-aluminum brazing filler metal and the titanium plate of aluminizing are assembled into to lap joint, the lap of splice is less than coating length, make the fusing of zinc-aluminum brazing filler metal layer reaction bonded with the heating of imflammable gas even flame, and the butt joint overlapping part presses and guarantee the test specimen close contact, postwelding obtains the second best in quality titanium element in aluminium joint.
2. the middle temperature brazing method under a kind of titanium according to claim 1, aluminum dissimilar metal atmospheric conditions is characterized in that: described imflammable gas flame is acetylene and oxygen flame or is propane and oxygen flame.
3. the middle temperature brazing method under a kind of titanium according to claim 1, aluminum dissimilar metal atmospheric conditions is characterized in that: in described step (1) by surface treatment clean super-purified aluminium welding wire for adopting the acetone wiping to remove the super-purified aluminium welding wire surface and oil contaminant.
4. the middle temperature brazing method under a kind of titanium according to claim 1, aluminum dissimilar metal atmospheric conditions is characterized in that: the wire used in described step (2) does not react with solder.
5. the middle temperature brazing method under a kind of titanium according to claim 1, aluminum dissimilar metal atmospheric conditions is characterized in that: in described step (2) and (3), heating and temperature control makes the zinc-aluminum brazing filler metal fusing at 390 ℃～420 ℃.
6. the middle temperature brazing method under a kind of titanium according to claim 1, aluminum dissimilar metal atmospheric conditions is characterized in that: imflammable gas flame heating or be high-frequency induction heating in described step (3).
7. the middle temperature brazing method under a kind of titanium according to claim 1, aluminum dissimilar metal atmospheric conditions is characterized in that: in described step (3), butt joint overlapping part applied pressure is static(al).
8. the middle temperature brazing method under a kind of titanium according to claim 1, aluminum dissimilar metal atmospheric conditions is characterized in that: butt joint overlapping part applied pressure or be mechanical oscillation or ultrasonic vibration in described step (3).
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Cited By (6)
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| CN103815769A (en) * | 2014-02-27 | 2014-05-28 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Aluminum bottom compounded titanium pot and preparation method thereof |
| CN106271047A (en) * | 2016-09-08 | 2017-01-04 | 南京理工大学 | A kind of method using femtosecond laser welding titanium aluminum dissimilar metal |
| CN109175658A (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2019-01-11 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | A kind of accurate connection method of aluminium film and dissimilar metal film |
| CN115401281A (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2022-11-29 | 中国兵器装备集团西南技术工程研究所 | Radial friction brazing method for titanium-aluminum dissimilar metal |
| CN115502604A (en) * | 2022-09-29 | 2022-12-23 | 安徽科技学院 | Brazing filler metal for magnesium alloy, using method and soldering flux thereof |
| CN116970949A (en) * | 2023-09-21 | 2023-10-31 | 航天泰心科技有限公司 | Preparation method of intermetallic compound layer between metal parts |
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| CN115401281A (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2022-11-29 | 中国兵器装备集团西南技术工程研究所 | Radial friction brazing method for titanium-aluminum dissimilar metal |
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| CN116970949A (en) * | 2023-09-21 | 2023-10-31 | 航天泰心科技有限公司 | Preparation method of intermetallic compound layer between metal parts |
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