CN103424160B - A kind of method measuring rice field water holding layer water level depth - Google Patents
A kind of method measuring rice field water holding layer water level depth Download PDFInfo
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- CN103424160B CN103424160B CN201310375486.2A CN201310375486A CN103424160B CN 103424160 B CN103424160 B CN 103424160B CN 201310375486 A CN201310375486 A CN 201310375486A CN 103424160 B CN103424160 B CN 103424160B
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- 238000001579 optical reflectometry Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
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- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001269238 Data Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010835 comparative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010205 computational analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method measuring rice field water holding layer water level depth, comprise the following steps: (1) chooses the near infrared light launching site of multiple rice fields sample site and correspondence, each near infrared light launching site is identical apart from the degree of depth of corresponding rice field sample site; (2) on each near infrared light launching site, launch the near infrared light of 950 ~ 1000nm respectively to corresponding rice field sample site, obtain near infrared light reflectivity; (3) with the near infrared light reflectivity of each rice field sample site for input, with the actual measurement rice field sample site water holding layer depth of correspondence for export, Modling model; (4) selected distance rice field water holding layer surface level predetermined depth actual measurement near infrared light launching site and to rice field site to be measured launch the near infrared light of 950 ~ 1000nm, acquisition near infrared light reflectivity substitutes into the model in step (3) simultaneously, obtains site to be measured, rice field water holding layer depth.The present invention is simple to operate, and the rice field water holding layer water level depth degree of accuracy recorded is high.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field information acquisition field, particularly relate to a kind of method measuring rice field water holding layer water level depth.
Background technology
Paddy rice is in growth course, if water layer management is improper, vine growth and development can be caused bad, very easily bring out the harm of Pest organism, cause the serious consequences such as the underproduction.Therefore, run rice field water layer well, to alleviating disease pest and weed and volume increase, synergy, water saving are all very important.
In order to ensure the good growth of paddy rice, seedling phase water holding layer remains within the scope of 10 ~ 35mm; Require during rice transplanting that water holding layer is at about 10mm, after rice transplanting, face, field water holding layer remains on about 20mm; Water holding layer in earlier stage of tillering preferably controls within 20mm; The booting of paddy rice jointing is to the heading flowering stage, and face, field water holding layer should keep 20 ~ 40mm.As can be seen here, the water holding layer water level of suitable paddy growth is lower, is usually less than 50mm.
The control operation of current rice field water holding layer water level is all judged by rule of thumb by peasant, and because water holding layer water level is lower, result of determination error is large, affects seriously, thus have impact on the good growth of paddy rice by subjective factor.In the accurate operating system of paddy rice, the surveying instrument of a kind of science of decision-making requirements of Precision Irrigation completes the detection of field capacity automatically, and the measuring method seeking to realize apparatus measures has great importance.
Traditional soil moisture detection relies on Dielectric Constant of NaCl Soil characteristic, soil conductivity, electromagnetic wave, NEUTRON METHOD etc., but these methods are subject to the impact of the physicochemical characteristicss such as the soil weight, the soil texture, soil texture, soil chemistry composition and salt content and produce limitation.And traditional soil moisture sensor test specification is limited, when the complete submergence soil of the water in rice field, just reached conventional soil moisture transducer and measured maximum value, after water depth increases, sensor is reactionless.But water depth must be kept within the specific limits for some time in Rice Cropping process.The water holding layer water level that must realize rice terrace is irrigated in the intellectuality realizing Rice Cropping.The field water layer depth detecting sensor of a kind of applicable farmland Rice Cropping must be sought.
The application for a patent for invention that publication number is " CN101281183A " discloses a kind of paddy field moisture sensor, it comprises shell, be arranged at the soil moisture content probe of outer casing bottom, be affixed on the water layer probe of shell both sides, and be located at the testing circuit of enclosure, this invention utilizes water layer probe to measure paddy field water layer depth, testing circuit sends pulse square wave pumping signal to water layer probe, again by receiving and the peak signal of the charging voltage at computational analysis water layer probe two ends, thus draw the degree of depth of rice field water layer, but the method affects larger by salt content and impurity etc. in water, different soils medium will produce different peak responses, thus affect its measuring accuracy.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of method measuring rice field water holding layer water level depth, solve the problem that in the water holding layer water level depth measuring process of rice field, precision is low.
Measure a method for rice field water holding layer water level depth, comprise the following steps:
(1) choose the near infrared light launching site of multiple rice fields sample site and correspondence, and each near infrared light launching site is identical apart from the degree of depth of corresponding rice field sample site;
(2) on each near infrared light launching site, launch the near infrared light of 950 ~ 1000nm respectively to corresponding rice field sample site, and obtain near infrared light reflectivity;
(3) with the near infrared light reflectivity of each rice field sample site for input, with the actual measurement rice field sample site water holding layer depth of correspondence for export, Modling model;
(4) the actual measurement near infrared light launching site of selected distance rice field water holding layer surface level predetermined depth, the near infrared light of 950 ~ 1000nm is launched in site to be measured to rice field by this actual measurement near infrared light launching site, and obtain near infrared light reflectivity, the near infrared light reflectivity in site to be measured for described rice field is substituted into the model in step (3), obtains site to be measured, rice field water holding layer depth.
Moisture has stronger absorption near infrared light under specific wavelength, and its absorption intensity is subject to the impact that water holding floor height is low, and the spectral reflectivity therefore obtained after the reflection of rice field water holding layer is also low with water holding floor height close contacting; By gathering a large amount of sample datas, setting up the model between near infrared light reflectivity and water holding layer depth, according to the near infrared light reflectivity in the site to be measured, rice field obtained, substituting into the model set up, site to be measured, rice field water holding layer depth can be drawn.
In step (1), the height of the rice field sample site that each near infrared light launching site distance of described depth representing is corresponding is all identical, namely the distance of each near infrared light launching site distance upper soll layer is all identical, and at least ensure that each near infrared light launching site is in more than the water surface, with ensure obtain different rice fields sample site between reflectivity there is comparability and correlativity.
In order to better obtain the near infrared light reflectivity of field sample site, the degree of depth described in step (1), for being 10 ~ 50mm, is preferably 20mm.
In step (2), a large number of experiments show that, water has obvious absorption to the near infrared light that wavelength is 950 ~ 1000nm, simultaneously stability intensity is remarkable by the impact of water holding layer depth, affect less by impurities in water, therefore select wavelength be the near infrared light of 950 ~ 1000nm as characteristic spectrum, for the detection of modeling and rice field site to be measured water holding layer depth.
As preferably, the wavelength of near infrared light is 980nm, and at this wavelength, the degree of absorption of near infrared light affects the most remarkable by water holding layer depth, and site to be measured, the rice field the recorded degree of depth is more accurate.
The selection of rice field sample site number has material impact for the accuracy of model and the complicacy of modeling process, and the number of described rice field sample site is 70 ~ 100, and each rice field sample site water holding layer depth is different simultaneously.
In step (3), adopt intuitive and accurate telemetry to obtain described actual measurement rice field sample water holding layer depth, concrete grammar is: by mark post paddy field harvester water holding layer, paddy soil layer surface is contacted bottom mark post, namely bottom rice field water holding layer, mark the degree of depth of its submergence, utilize vernier caliper measurement mark post submergence, obtain described rice field sample water holding layer water level depth.
The degree of accuracy that the accuracy of described model will directly affect by site to be measured, the rice field of the model prediction degree of depth, described model is preferably Y
s=32.95 × k
2(1-1.35 × v
iR);
Wherein, Y
sfor detecting the water depth value obtained, v
iRfor the reflectivity of near infrared spectrum in testing process, k
2for correction parameter.K
2be redefined for 1.
In step (4), site to be measured, rice field water holding layer depth is unknown, and described predetermined depth refers to that the degree of depth of surveying infrared light emission point distance rice field water holding layer surface level is all identical, and actual measurement near infrared light launching site is in more than the water surface.
Described correction parameter k
2defining method be:
To rice field, site to be measured emission wavelength ranges is the broadband near infrared light of 780 ~ 950nm and wavelength is the ruddiness of 500 ~ 600nm, obtains described broadband near infrared light and red light reflectance;
According to formula
obtain correction factor; Wherein, K is correction factor, R
ifor broadband near infrared light reflectance, R
rfor red light reflectance;
As adjusted coefficient K <0, it is invalid to detect;
When adjusted coefficient K>=0, detect effectively, correction parameter
wherein: BK is fixed light intensity values, S
nfor the intensity of illumination of current detection.
In order to eliminate the metrical error that below the water holding layer of rice field, the reflection of soil near infrared light causes, utilize wavelength coverage to be the broadband near infrared light of 780 ~ 950nm and wavelength to be the ruddiness of 500 ~ 600nm to obtain correction factor, the impact of Soil Background on testing result can be eliminated by correction factor.
The wavelength of described ruddiness is 600nm.
Paddy field moisture detection background is eliminated in two kinds of situation:
A. during emission of light, Large Amount of Irradiated, on plant canopy and plant, and is not radiated on the water body of field, and so testing result is insincere.If be above-mentioned situation, then point out user to aim at the mark and again detect.Its principle is: when utilizing ruddiness, near infrared light detection background, if be irradiated to ruddiness on rice leaf to be absorbed in a large number by blade face, red light reflectance will greatly reduce, and rice leaf is less to Near-infrared Spectral Absorption, therefore the reflectivity of near infrared spectrum will increase, now correction factor
illustrate that the light detected receives strong stop, can differentiate that this result is invalid according to negative value thus.
B. get rid of crop to except the interference detected except needing, the intensity of external light source is one of key factor affecting this method detection.Therefore, after obtaining adjusted coefficient K>=0, introduce simultaneously
as correction parameter, wherein: BK is fixed light intensity values, the model of its standard does under this light intensity, S
nfor the intensity of illumination of current detection.
Relative to prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) the present invention utilizes near-infrared spectrum technique to measure rice field water holding layer depth, easy and simple to handle, measures fast, accurately, the data recorded have good stability and repeatability;
(2) the present invention's selection is to the near infrared spectrum wave band of 900 ~ 1000nm wave band of water holding layer water level height sensitivity as detection spectrum, impurities in water can be avoided the impact of measurement result, improve the measuring accuracy of rice field water holding layer water level depth.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The structural representation of measuring method when Fig. 1 is modeling of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the present invention's measuring method when measuring rice field water holding layer water level depth.
Embodiment
In order to more specifically describe the present invention, below in conjunction with the drawings and the specific embodiments, technical scheme of the present invention and relative theory thereof are described in detail.
Embodiment
1, the foundation of model
(1) between rice field, 100 water holding layer depth are chosen at 0 ~ 5cm, and the rice field sample site that the degree of depth is different, survey the water holding layer depth of each rice field sample site, concrete measurement method is as follows: be dipped vertically into by mark post in the water holding layer of rice field, paddy soil layer surface is just contacted bottom mark post, namely bottom rice field water holding layer, mark mark post submergence, utilize vernier caliper to measure mark post submergence, record the degree of depth and be described rice field water holding layer water level depth.
As shown in Figure 1, the top layer of soil A and the intersection in rice field 1 are provided with rice field sample site, and in the same degree of depth of distance rice field sample site, i.e. M=20mm place, launches the near infrared light of 980nm, and obtain described near infrared light reflectivity respectively to rice field sample site.
(2) with the near infrared light reflectivity of 100 rice field sample site for input, with the rice field sample site water holding layer depth of correspondence for export, set up as drag:
Y
s＝32.95×k
2(1-1.35×v
IR)；
Wherein, Y
sfor detecting the water depth value obtained, v
iRfor the reflectivity of near infrared spectrum in testing process, k
2for correction parameter.
This experimental situation is identical, does not therefore need the intervention of correction parameter, i.e. k
2=1.Modeling database used is as shown in table 1, as space is limited, only the data of 20 rice field sample site is listed in this.
Table 1 model database
2, the checking of model
In order to the accuracy of verification model, as shown in Figure 2, the site to be measured, rice field that 50 water holding layer depth are different is chosen in field, in the same depth of distance surface level B, i.e. s=15mm place, to rice field, the near infrared light of 980nm is launched in site to be measured, and obtain described near infrared light reflectivity, now depth of water M is unknown, M1, M2, M3 represent that the water holding layer depth of different rice fields sample site is different.
By the spectral reflectivity in site to be measured, acquisition 50 rice fields, substitute into the model Y of embodiment 1
s=32.95 × k
2(1-1.35 × v
iR) in, wherein k2=1, obtains site to be measured, model prediction rice field water holding layer depth.
For the ease of comparative analysis, obtain site to be measured, the actual measurement rice field water holding layer depth in site to be measured, each rice field according to the measurement method in embodiment step 1.
Limit by length size, only by the data list table 2 in wherein representative site to be measured, 10 rice fields.
The measurement data in site to be measured, table 2 part rice field
3, the further correction of data is detected
In order to eliminate the impact of Soil Background on testing result, need revise further detection data, concrete steps are as follows:
To rice field, site to be measured emission wavelength ranges is the broadband near infrared light of 900nm and wavelength is the ruddiness of 600nm, obtains described broadband near infrared light and red light reflectance;
According to formula
obtain correction parameter; Wherein: BK is fixed light intensity values, S
nfor the intensity of illumination of current detection.
By the correction parameter k obtained
2be updated to model Y
s=32.95 × k
2(1-1.35 × v
iR) in, obtain the revised degree of depth Y of site to be measured, rice field water holding layer
s, and with the site water holding layer depth Y to be measured that obtains in embodiment 2
scompare.
Now the representative data of 10 in site to be measured, 50 rice fields (carrying out when experimental situation is respectively different ambient light photograph, different location) are listed in table 3.
The measurement data in site to be measured, table 3 part rice field
As seen from the table, the degree of accuracy of site to be measured, revised rice field water holding layer depth is higher.
Claims (6)
1. measure a method for rice field water holding layer water level depth, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) choose the near infrared light launching site of multiple rice fields sample site and correspondence, and each near infrared light launching site is identical apart from the degree of depth of corresponding rice field sample site;
(2) on each near infrared light launching site, launch the near infrared light of 950 ~ 1000nm respectively to corresponding rice field sample site, and obtain near infrared light reflectivity;
(3) with the near infrared light reflectivity of each rice field sample site for input, with the actual measurement rice field sample site water holding layer depth of correspondence for export, Modling model;
(4) the actual measurement near infrared light launching site of selected distance rice field water holding layer surface level predetermined depth, the near infrared light of 950 ~ 1000nm is launched in site to be measured to rice field by this actual measurement near infrared light launching site, and obtain near infrared light reflectivity, the near infrared light reflectivity in site to be measured for described rice field is substituted into the model in step (3), obtains site to be measured, rice field water holding layer depth;
In step (3), described model is Y
s=32.95 × k
2(1-1.35 × v
iR);
Wherein, Y
sfor detecting the water depth value obtained, v
iRfor the reflectivity of near infrared spectrum in testing process, k
2for correction parameter;
Described correction parameter k
2defining method be:
To rice field, site to be measured emission wavelength ranges is the broadband near infrared light of 780 ~ 950nm and wavelength is the ruddiness of 500 ~ 600nm, obtains described broadband near infrared light and red light reflectance;
According to formula
obtain correction factor; Wherein, K is correction factor, R
ifor broadband near infrared light reflectance, R
rfor red light reflectance;
As adjusted coefficient K <0, it is invalid to detect;
When adjusted coefficient K>=0, detect effectively, correction parameter
wherein: BK is fixed light intensity values, S
nfor the intensity of illumination of current detection.
2. the method measuring rice field water holding layer water level depth as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (2), the wavelength of described near infrared light is 980nm.
3. the method measuring rice field water holding layer water level depth as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (1), the described degree of depth is 10 ~ 50mm.
4. the method measuring rice field water holding layer water level depth as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (1), the described degree of depth is 20mm.
5. the method measuring rice field water holding layer water level depth as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step (1), described rice field sample site is 70 ~ 100.
6. the method measuring rice field water holding layer water level depth as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the wavelength of described ruddiness is 600nm.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101017133A (en) * | 2006-11-14 | 2007-08-15 | 西北农林科技大学 | Soil water measuring instrument based on infrared radiation |
| CN101281183A (en) * | 2008-06-03 | 2008-10-08 | 华南农业大学 | Paddy field moisture sensor |
| CN102252973A (en) * | 2011-03-10 | 2011-11-23 | 王桥 | Method for performing remote-sensing monitoring on soil moisture content |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101017133A (en) * | 2006-11-14 | 2007-08-15 | 西北农林科技大学 | Soil water measuring instrument based on infrared radiation |
| CN101281183A (en) * | 2008-06-03 | 2008-10-08 | 华南农业大学 | Paddy field moisture sensor |
| CN102252973A (en) * | 2011-03-10 | 2011-11-23 | 王桥 | Method for performing remote-sensing monitoring on soil moisture content |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 基于MSP430F149的土壤水分测量仪的设计;刑振等;《农机化研究》;20080301(第3期);第98-100页 * |
| 红外土壤表面水分测量仪的研制;石要武等;《农业工程学报》;19981230(第4期);第52-56页 * |
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