CN103419662A - Electric vehicle, power system thereof and battery heating method - Google Patents
Electric vehicle, power system thereof and battery heating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103419662A CN103419662A CN201210160591XA CN201210160591A CN103419662A CN 103419662 A CN103419662 A CN 103419662A CN 201210160591X A CN201210160591X A CN 201210160591XA CN 201210160591 A CN201210160591 A CN 201210160591A CN 103419662 A CN103419662 A CN 103419662A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
- B60L58/27—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by heating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/63—Control systems
- H01M10/633—Control systems characterised by algorithms, flow charts, software details or the like
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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Abstract
The invention provides a power system of an electric vehicle and a battery heating method. The system comprises a battery pack, a battery heater, a battery manager, a power distributing box, a motor, a motor controller and an isolated inductor. The battery heater is connected with the battery pack, the battery manager is connected with the battery pack and the battery heater and is used for controlling the battery heater for heating the battery pack when the temperature of the battery pack is smaller than a first temperature threshold value and the remaining power is larger than a power threshold value. The power distributing box is used for distributing the voltage outputted by the battery pack. The motor controller is connected with the motor and the power distributing box and is provided with a first input end, a second input end and a pre-charge capacitor connected between the first input end and the second input end. The isolated inductor is required to match with the pre-charge capacitor. The power system can realize heating, limit of usage of the electric vehicle in low-temperature environment is reduced greatly, heating efficiency is high, cost is lower, and practicability is high. The invention further provides an electric vehicle.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the electric vehicle engineering field, particularly power system, a kind of electronlmobil with this power system of the electronlmobil of a kind of heating of battery method of electronlmobil and employing the method.
Background technology
Along with scientific and technological development, new-energy automobile especially pure electric vehicle as a kind of walking-replacing tool, enter just at leisure each family, the user is particularly more and more higher to the requirement of traveling comfort to the performance requriements of automobile, and this just requires vehicle must adapt to different driving demands.Yet present stage, most pure electric vehicle obviously can't meet this requirement, and particularly, in cold winter, temperature is too low, no matter the hydraulic performance decline of electrokinetic cell, be on discharge capability, or all can descend to some extent on capacity of cell, even can not use.Specifically, the electrokinetic cell especially general work temperature of lithium ion battery is-20 ℃ to 55 ℃, and battery does not allow charging at low temperatures.When ambient temperature is too low, the battery-driven car internal cell there will be following problem: under (1) low temperature, lithium ion is easily in negative pole deposition, loses electroactively, even may cause safety problem.Therefore, vehicle and power brick are often used at low temperatures, greatly the infringement power brick life-span, when more serious, may have potential safety hazard.(2), under low temperature, during lithium ion cell charging, lithium ion easily deposits at negative pole, become dead lithium, the capacity that battery can be brought into play significantly descends, and in the process of constantly using, these lithium deposition are more long larger, even may cause internal short-circuit, cause potential safety hazard.This is the reason that vehicle can not charge (comprising feedback) at low temperatures.(3) under low temperature, the discharge capability of battery is limited, is unfavorable for driving.These problems, concerning the pure electric vehicle of bragging about the new forms of energy environmental protection, are undoubtedly very awkward thing.Therefore more and more higher to the cry of the electrokinetic cell heat protocol that can change this awkward situation.
The heating of battery scheme is a kind of very important technology in the pure electric automobile field.The quality of the quality of heating of battery strategy and cell heater performance directly has influence on traveling comfort, operational stability and the safety of automobile.At present, there are a lot of new techniques to start to apply to storage battery and heat up, but, due to self performance deficiency, do not used widely at automotive field.As at the outside batteries lag, carry out heat-insulation warm keeping by warm material, but this just plays effect of heat insulation, does not play the effect of heating; Be exactly to use infrared radiation diaphragm to heating of battery in addition, then at the outside batteries lag, to play insulation effect; Or add heat patch etc. at the battery outside face.But these schemes are mostly to utilize outside huge heating device and power supply to heating of battery, so these schemes only are suitable for the fixing example of battery location.In addition, use external power supply to make the heating of battery of pure electric automobile there is limitation, be not suitable for the unfixed automobile in position.Therefore, these heating techniques are not applied widely on pure electric automobile.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is intended at least solve one of above-mentioned technological deficiency.
For this reason, first purpose of the present invention is to propose a kind of power system of electronlmobil, this system is without additional power source, heating required electric weight is provided by the self power battery fully, greatly reduce the restriction that battery-driven car is used at low temperature environment, the efficiency of heating surface also high and cost is lower, practical.Second purpose of the present invention is to propose a kind of electronlmobil with above-mentioned power system.Another object of the present invention also is to propose a kind of heating of battery method of electronlmobil.
For achieving the above object, the embodiment of first aspect present invention discloses a kind of power system of electronlmobil, comprising: battery pack; Cell heater, described cell heater is connected with described battery pack, and described cell heater is configured to described battery pack is discharged and recharged to described battery pack is heated; Battery manager, described battery manager is connected with described cell heater with described battery pack respectively, for the temperature of described battery pack lower than the dump energy of the first temperature threshold and described battery pack higher than power threshold after, controlling described cell heater is described battery pack heating; Switch box, described switch box is distributed for the voltage to described battery pack output; Motor; Electric machine controller, described electric machine controller is connected with described switch box with described motor respectively, and described electric machine controller there is first input end, the second input end and be connected to described first input end and the second input end between pre-charging capacitor, described electric machine controller is for being that the voltage that described electric machine controller distributes is described motor power supply according to control command and described switch box; And the isolation inductance, described isolation inductance is connected between described battery pack and described switch box, and the pre-charging capacitor of the inductance of described isolation inductance and described electric machine controller coupling.
According to the power system of the electronlmobil of the embodiment of the present invention, utilize electrokinetic cell heavy-current discharge on car, battery self internal resistance heating, reach the purpose to the battery pack heating.This power system is without additional power source, heating required electric weight is provided by electrokinetic cell own fully, by battery manager and cell heater, battery pack is heated to management, greatly reduce the restriction that electronlmobil is used at low temperature environment, can meet the client and drive a vehicle and charging requirement when low temperature.In addition, this power system directly heats battery pack, and the efficiency of heating surface is higher, and cost is lower, practical.
The embodiment of second aspect present invention discloses a kind of electronlmobil, comprises the power system of above-mentioned electronlmobil.This electronlmobil can normally travel in cold area, on one side and can drive a vehicle, Yi Bian battery pack is heated, thus safety driving smoothly guaranteed.
The embodiment of third aspect present invention discloses a kind of heating of battery method of electronlmobil, comprises the following steps:
Detect the dump energy of temperature and the described battery pack of described battery pack;
If the temperature of described battery pack is lower than the dump energy of the first temperature threshold and described battery pack higher than power threshold, to control described cell heater be described battery pack heating to described battery manager;
If the temperature of described battery pack is lower than the dump energy of described the first temperature threshold and described battery pack lower than described power threshold, described battery manager sends and forbids described electronlmobil heating, the prompting of travelling or charging; And
If the temperature of described battery pack is higher than described the first temperature threshold, described battery manager is controlled the main contactor closure in described switch box.
Heating of battery method according to the electronlmobil of the embodiment of the present invention, can make pure electric automobile disobey outer power supply and realize the heating to battery pack, battery temperature is risen to temperature required, again according to normal electric discharge and charging strategy use battery, greatly reduce the restriction that electronlmobil is used at low temperature environment, can meet the client and drive a vehicle and charging requirement when low temperature.
The aspect that the present invention is additional and advantage part in the following description provide, and part will become obviously from the following description, or recognize by practice of the present invention.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Above-mentioned and/or the additional aspect of the present invention and advantage will become from the following description of the accompanying drawings of embodiments and obviously and easily understand, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation according to the power system of the electronlmobil of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the power system of electronlmobil according to another embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the electrical schematic diagram according to the power system of the electronlmobil of the embodiment of the present invention;
The electrical connection schematic diagram of the power system that Fig. 4 is electronlmobil according to another embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the electrical connection schematic diagram according to the power system of the electronlmobil of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation according to switch box in the power system of the electronlmobil of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the diagram of circuit according to the heating of battery method of the electronlmobil of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the further diagram of circuit according to the heating of battery method of the electronlmobil of the embodiment of the present invention; With
The detail flowchart of the heating of battery method that Fig. 9 is electronlmobil according to another embodiment of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Below describe embodiments of the invention in detail, the example of described embodiment is shown in the drawings, and wherein same or similar label means same or similar element or the element with identical or similar functions from start to finish.Be exemplary below by the embodiment be described with reference to the drawings, only for explaining the present invention, and can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
In description of the invention, it will be appreciated that, term " vertically ", " laterally ", " on ", orientation or the position relationship of the indications such as D score, 'fornt', 'back', " left side ", " right side ", " vertically ", " level ", " top ", " end " " interior ", " outward " be based on orientation shown in the drawings or position relationship, only the present invention for convenience of description and simplified characterization, rather than indicate or imply that the device of indication or element must have specific orientation, construct and operation with specific orientation, therefore can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
In description of the invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise prescribed and limit, term " installation ", " being connected ", " connection " should be done broad understanding, for example, can be mechanical connection or electrical connection, can be also the connection of two element internals, can be directly to be connected, and also can indirectly be connected by intermediary, for the ordinary skill in the art, can understand as the case may be the concrete meaning of above-mentioned term.
With reference to following description and accompanying drawing, these and other aspects of embodiments of the invention will be known.These describe and accompanying drawing in, specifically disclose some specific implementations in embodiments of the invention, mean to implement some modes of the principle of embodiments of the invention, still should be appreciated that the scope of embodiments of the invention is not limited.On the contrary, embodiments of the invention comprise spirit and interior all changes, modification and the equivalent of intension scope that falls into additional claims.
Below with reference to Fig. 1 to Fig. 6, the power system according to the electronlmobil of first aspect present invention embodiment is described.
See figures.1.and.2, the power system of this electronlmobil comprises: battery pack 101, cell heater 102, battery manager 103, switch box 104, motor 105, electric machine controller 106 and isolation inductance L 2.Wherein, cell heater 102 is connected with battery pack 101, and cell heater 102 is configured to battery pack 101 is discharged and recharged to battery pack is heated.Battery manager 103 is connected with cell heater 102 by CAN line 107, also by sample line 108, with battery pack 101, is connected simultaneously, has the function that battery is carried out temperature sampling, voltage sample, battery pack 101 outgoing currents are sampled.In addition, battery manager 103 also has the function of calculating battery dump energy, and can send to relevant electric device to control signal by CAN line 107, to realize the management to battery functi on.Specifically, battery manager 103 is for the temperature in battery pack 101 lower than the first temperature threshold, and battery pack 101 dump energies are higher than after power threshold, and controlling cell heater 102 be that battery pack 101 heats.Switch box 104 is high tension apparatus of a large electric current of break-make, and battery manager 103 reaches the purpose that the voltage to battery pack 101 output is distributed to switch box 104 by transmitting control signal.Electric machine controller 106 is connected with switch box 104 with motor 105 respectively, and electric machine controller 106 there is first input end, the second input end and be connected to first input end and the second input end between pre-charging capacitor C2, electric machine controller 106 is for being that the voltage that electric machine controller distributes is motor 105 power supplies according to control command and switch box 104.
Specifically, the DC inverter that electric machine controller 106 driving circuit inner by it provides battery pack 101 becomes the required three plase alternating current of motor 105 to power to motor 105, and the control signal that can send according to battery manager 103, realize motor limit Power operation.Isolation inductance L 2 is connected between battery pack 101 and switch box 104, and the isolation inductance of inductance L 2 and the pre-charging capacitor C2 of electric machine controller are complementary.
In one embodiment of the invention, cell heater 102 carries out, after fault self-checking, testing result is sent to battery manager 103.
Particularly, as shown in Figure 3, cell heater comprises: the first switch module 301, the first capacitor C 1, the first inductance L 1 and second switch module 302.Wherein, an end of the first switch module 301 is connected with isolation inductance L 2 with the first electrode of battery pack 101 respectively; One end of the first capacitor C 1 is connected with the other end of the first switch module 301, and the other end of the first capacitor C 1 is connected with the second electrode of battery pack 101; One end of the first inductance L 1 is connected with the node between the first switch module 301 and the first capacitor C 1; One end of second switch module 302 is connected with the other end of the first inductance L 1, and the other end of second switch module 302 is connected with the second electrode of battery pack 101.The control end of the first switch module 301 and second switch module 302 all is connected with battery manager 103, to battery pack 101 heating the time, battery manager 103 sends a signal to cell heater 102, cell heater 102 is controlled the first switch module 301 and second switch module 302 conducting successively, and second switch module 302 is closed when the first switch module 301 conducting, when 302 conducting of second switch module, the first switch module 301 is closed.
Further, as shown in Figure 3, in battery pack 101, ESR is the battery pack equivalent internal resistance, and ESL is the battery pack equivalent inductance, and E is power brick.L2 is for the isolation inductance, and for heating of battery circuit Part2 and electrical motor equivalent load circuit Part5 is isolated, the inverse voltage of battery pack 101 just is isolated inductance L 2 and absorbs like this, can not be added to the rear class load.C2 is pre-charging capacitor, and R is the electrical motor equivalent load.During cell heater work, its internal switch module is closed and shutoff according to certain sequential.
In an example of the present invention, as shown in Figure 3, switch module can be IGBT(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor, insulated gate bipolar transistor).When heating starts, internal component is as inductance, electric capacity is all in initial condition, do not have stored energy, the cell heater workflow comprises: (1) IGBT1 conducting, when IGBT2 turn-offs, power brick E is charged to the first capacitor C 1 by loop " C1-D1-ESL-ESR-E-C1 ", after charging proceeds to a period of time, the voltage at the first capacitor C 1 two ends equates with the voltage of power brick E, but owing to there being inductive element in circuit, make the first capacitor C 1 continue charging, the first capacitor C 1 both end voltage is higher than power brick E voltage, when charging current is zero, the first capacitor C 1 starts electric discharge, now discharge loop is " C1-D1-ESL-ESR-E-C1 ", until discharge current is zero.(2) IGBT1 turn-offs, and when the IGBT2 conducting, the first capacitor C 1 continues electric discharge.Wherein having discharge loop is " C1-D2-L1-IGBT2-C1 ".Due to the existence of the first inductance L 1, the first capacitor C 1 continues electric discharge, makes the first capacitor C 1 both end voltage lower than power brick E voltage.So repeat said process.
Power system according to the electronlmobil of the embodiment of the present invention, when the first switch module 301 conducting, if do not add isolation inductance L 2, pre-charging capacitor C2 is charged by 301 pairs of the first capacitor C 1 of the first switch module, charging current is determined by the loop middle impedance, cause the first capacitor C 1 current waveform uncontrollable, the heater circuit characteristic is changed, thereby causes the circuit cisco unity malfunction.Therefore when motor 105 and cell heater 102 are worked simultaneously, need add isolation inductance L 2.
In one embodiment of the invention, the inductance value L of isolation inductance L 2 determines according to following formula:
Wherein, the equivalent load cycle of operations that T is motor, the capacitance that C is pre-charging capacitor C2.
In one embodiment of the invention, cell heater 102 also comprises the power connector, for connecting and stationary power line 109.This power connector need to meet anti-eddy current requirement, and, because cell heater 102 on period curent change frequencies are very fast, cause the magnetic permeable material temperature rise of power connector inside very fast, so the permeability of power connector is low.In addition, cell heater 102 also comprises a low pressure connector, for being connected with external system and communication, comprising the CAN line 107 for connecting battery manager 103 and self-test signal line and breakdown signal line.
With reference to Fig. 2 and Fig. 4, in one embodiment of the invention, as shown in Figure 4, isolation inductance L 2 is placed on cell heater 102 inside.Cell heater 102 inside comprise isolation inductance L 2, insure 401 and temperature booster self electricity consumption device.In addition, cell heater 102 also comprises four power connectors, and wherein two are connected with battery pack 101 by power line 109, and two other power connector is connected with switch box 104 by power line 109, as shown in Figure 2.In one embodiment of the invention, the power connector is for top and the end of high-voltage wiring harness.
According to the power system of the electronlmobil of the embodiment of the present invention, isolation inductance L 2 is arranged on cell heater 102 inside, and its advantage is when not needing heating of battery, can pull down cell heater 102 is whole, directly makes switch box 104 be connected with battery pack 101.The local electronlmobil higher at temperature be without the external battery temperature booster, and, in cold place, cell heater is installed, therefore when automobile development without for adapting to sales territory, doing too many change, greatly be conducive to save cost.
With reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. 5, in another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 5, isolation inductance L 2 also can be placed on switch box 104 inside.Be understandable that, isolation inductance L 2 is no matter be placed in cell heater or, in switch box, it is all between battery pack and switch box.As shown in Figure 1, between switch box 104 and cell heater 102, do not have power line to connect, specifically, battery pack 101 comprises four power connectors, be connected with switch box 104 by two power lines 112, then be connected with cell heater 102 by other two power lines 112.But, need to increase a relay 501, as the on-off system of isolation inductance L 2, as shown in Figure 5.Between cell heater 102 and switch box 104, it is relation in parallel.In addition, insure 401 and be arranged on battery pack 101 inside.
According to the power system of the electronlmobil of the embodiment of the present invention, next door inductance L 2 is arranged on switch box 104 inside, and its advantage is that the impact of the suffered cell heater 102 of switch box 104 greatly reduces.In addition, when heating of battery, relay 501 is isolation inductance L 2 incircuits; When battery does not heat, relay 501 shifts out circuit to isolation inductance L 2.
In one embodiment of the invention, with reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the cell heater 102 in the power system of electronlmobil also comprises cooling module 110, for the first switch module 301 to cell heater 102 and second switch module 302, carries out cooling.
In one embodiment of the invention, cooling module 110 further comprises the air channel be arranged in cell heater and the fan that is arranged on air channel one end.Cell heater adopts fan to be dispelled the heat.
In another embodiment of the present invention, cooling module 110 further comprises and is arranged on the coolant channel in cell heater and is arranged on cooling liquid inlet and the cooling liquid outlet on cell heater.
The cell heater that adopts refrigerant fluid to be dispelled the heat, good heat dissipation effect, and sealing property is excellent.
In one embodiment of the invention, as shown in Figure 6, the switch box 104 in the power system of electronlmobil further comprises: main contactor 601 and preliminary filling contactless switch 602.Wherein, main contactor 601 is under the control at battery manager 103, the output voltage of switch box 104 being dispensed to the consumer of electronlmobil, as motor 105 etc.One of them is connected the first input end 603 of preliminary filling contactless switch 602 and electric machine controller 106 and the second input end 604.In the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 6, preliminary filling contactless switch 602 is connected with first input end 603.Be understandable that, preliminary filling contactless switch 602 also can be connected with the second input end 604 in other embodiment.Preliminary filling contactless switch 602, under the control at battery manager 103, before electric machine controller 106 is controlled motor 105 startups, is pre-charging capacitor C2 charging.
According to the power system of the electronlmobil of the embodiment of the present invention, utilize battery pack 101 heavy-current discharges on car, power brick E self internal resistance heating, reach the purpose to battery pack 101 heating.This power system is without additional power source, heating required electric weight is provided by battery pack 101 own fully, heat management by battery manager 103 and 102 pairs of battery pack 101 of cell heater, greatly reduce the restriction that electronlmobil is used at low temperature environment, and can realize the heating of driving limit, electronlmobil limit, can in heating of battery, can meet electronlmobil limit Power operation, meet the client and drive a vehicle and charging requirement when low temperature.In addition, this power system directly heats battery, and the efficiency of heating surface is higher, and cost is lower, practical, easily carries out industrialization.
The embodiment of second aspect present invention discloses a kind of electronlmobil, comprises the power system of above-mentioned electronlmobil.This vehicle can normally travel in cold area, on one side and can drive a vehicle, Yi Bian battery pack is heated, thus safety driving smoothly guaranteed.
Below with reference to Fig. 7 to Fig. 9, the heating of battery method according to the electronlmobil of third aspect present invention embodiment is described.
As shown in Figure 7, the method for heating of electronlmobil comprise the following steps:
Step S701: detect the temperature of battery pack and the dump energy of battery pack;
Step S702: if the temperature of battery pack lower than the dump energy of the first temperature threshold and battery pack higher than power threshold, to control cell heater be the battery pack heating to battery manager;
Step S703: if the temperature of battery pack lower than the dump energy of the first temperature threshold and battery pack lower than power threshold, battery manager sends and forbids electronlmobil heating, the prompting of travelling or charging;
Step S704: if the temperature of battery pack higher than the first temperature threshold, the main contactor closure in the battery manager distribution control box.
In one embodiment of the invention, as shown in Figure 8, further, the heating of battery method of electronlmobil comprises the following steps:
Step S801: ON shelves electricity on car load.
Step S802: whether detect battery pack temperature lower than the first temperature threshold.The temperature of battery pack in the battery manager inspection vehicle, if the temperature of battery pack higher than the first temperature threshold, battery pack does not need heating, execution step S803; If lower than the first temperature threshold, need to detect the current electric quantity of battery pack.
Step S803: the main contactor closure in the battery manager distribution control box.
Step S804: whether battery manager further calculates current electric quantity higher than power threshold.If not, execution step S805; If so, battery manager sends heating signal to cell heater by the CAN message, allows cell heater to heat battery pack.
Step S805: battery manager sends information and shows that to instrument battery electric quantity is too low, does not allow car load heated, travel and charge.
Step S806: before heating, whether the cell heater self check has fault.If trouble free, heating is normally carried out, execution step S807; If fault is arranged, execution step S808.
Step S807: battery pack is heated.In heat process, cell heater is all being carried out self check always.
Step S808: the cell heater fault does not allow car load heated, travel and charge.
Step S809: judge whether to have heated.If complete, send the CAN message to cell heater, allow cell heater quit work; If do not complete, execution step S807.
Step S810: heating finishes.
Wherein, if break down in the cell heater working process, cell heater sends the CAN message to battery manager, and cell heater quits work simultaneously.
In an example of the present invention, the first temperature threshold can be-10 ℃, and power threshold can be 30% of the total electric weight of battery pack.
In one embodiment of the invention, as shown in Figure 9, particularly, the heating of battery method of electronlmobil comprises the following steps:
Step S901: ON shelves electricity on car load.
Step S902: the temperature and the dump energy that detect battery pack.
Step S903: battery manager is controlled adhesive preliminary filling contactless switch, treats that preliminary filling completes, and controls the adhesive main contactor, and car load is exercised by normal strategy.
Step S904: whether the temperature of battery pack is lower than the first temperature threshold.If so, execution step S905; If not, perform step S903.
Step S905: whether battery manager calculates the current residual electric weight higher than power threshold.If so, perform step S907; If not, perform step S906.
Step S906: battery manager sends message information and shows that to instrument battery electric quantity is too low, does not allow car load heated, exercise and charge.
Step S907: the user is confirmed whether to need heating.If so, perform step S909; If not, perform step S908.
Step S908: battery manager sends information and shows that to instrument the user does not allow heating, does not allow car load heated, exercise and charge.
Step S909: whether the cell heater self check exists fault.If so, perform step S910; If not, perform step S911.
Step S910: battery manager stops power supply being provided and sending message to cell heater, and photos and sending messages shows " heating system fault " to instrument, does not allow car load heated, exercise and charge.
Step S911: battery manager sends heating signal to cell heater, starts heating.
Step S912: battery manager is controlled adhesive preliminary filling contactless switch, treats that preliminary filling completes, after controlling the adhesive main contactor, enter the car load heating, battery manager sends the maximum horsepower output that allows of current battery pack, and car load limit power is exercised, and temperature booster detects oneself state always.
Step S913: whether the user presses heat button, and meets pre-conditionedly, for example keeps 2 seconds.If so, perform step S914; If not, perform step S915.
Step S914: battery manager sends information and shows that to instrument the user stops heating, does not allow car load heated, exercise and charge.
Step S915: whether cell heater fault.If so, perform step S916; If not, perform step S917.
Step S916: cell heater quits work, and the instrument display alarm does not allow car load heated, exercise and charge.
Step S917: whether the temperature of battery pack is higher than the first temperature threshold.If so, perform step S920; If not, perform step S918.
Step S918: whether the single battery temperature is higher than the second temperature threshold.If so, perform step S920; If not, perform step S919.
Step S919: continuous heating overtime threshold value whether.If so, perform step S920; If not, perform step S912.
Step S920: heated, cell heater quits work.
In sum, specifically, on car load, after ON shelves electricity, battery manager is started working, and detects the temperature of battery pack and the break-make situation of the interior main contactor of switch box.The mean temperature that the temperature of battery pack is battery pack 101, battery manager is sampled to the temperature of each battery modules in battery pack by the battery information collector, gather the temperature value of every batteries in battery pack, calculate the temperature of all batteries in battery pack.If battery pack temperature is lower than the first temperature threshold, and the battery pack dump energy is higher than power threshold, and the user presses heat button simultaneously, and keeps 2 seconds, and battery manager sends message by CAN alignment cell heater, allows the car load heating and travels.In an example of the present invention, the first temperature threshold can be-10 ℃, and power threshold can be 30% of the total electric weight of battery pack.Before the driving heating starts, namely, before machine operation, battery manager transmits control signal to switch box, control the adhesive of preliminary filling contactless switch, make battery pack to pre-charging capacitor C2 charging, after pre-charging capacitor voltage approaches battery voltage, just allow machine operation.
Wherein, heat button is arranged on gauge panel, controls the switch of cell heater as the user.Press this button and allow cell heater work, prerequisite is to meet battery pack temperature lower than the first temperature threshold, and the battery pack dump energy is higher than these two conditions of power threshold; If press once this button again, and keep 2 seconds, cell heater is forced to quit work.
The switch box main contactor is positioned at switch box inside, for the power supply of power on/off machine controller.If dump energy is higher than power threshold, battery manager sends control signals to switch box, controls the main contactor adhesive, allows machine operation.The DC inverter that electric machine controller provides battery pack by driving circuit becomes the required three plase alternating current of motor, to the motor power supply, and allows car load limit power to travel.
The preliminary filling contactless switch also is positioned at switch box inside, and with pre-charging capacitor, C2 connects.Especially, before machine operation to pre-charging capacitor C2 charging, be because:
1. the preliminary filling process can be avoided rush of current, sintering while preventing the main contactor adhesive.The current-limiting resistance of connecting between pre-charging capacitor and preliminary filling contactless switch, after preliminary filling completes, battery manager is controlled the main contactor adhesive, then disconnects the preliminary filling contactless switch.
2. motor starting current within the short time just started is larger, can drag down the voltage of whole battery pack, therefore first gives pre-charging capacitor C2 charging, makes its voltage and battery voltage close, restarts motor.Because capacitance voltage moment can not suddenly change, thus by it together with motor parallel, reduce the impact of electric motor starting on battery voltage.
Cell heater, after receiving the permission heating signal sended over by battery manager, starts self system is carried out to self check, starts self check and whether has the system failure.In an example of the present invention, whether the single impulse checking cell heater that the cell heater transmission is 1 0.5 millisecond exists fault.As cell heater is not found fault, cell heater sends control wave (for example the cycle is 20 milliseconds, 20% dutycycle) control the internal switch module circuit, make the short circuit of battery pack short time, reach the purpose to the battery pack heating, simultaneously cell heater sends the CAN signal to instrument, and after instrument receives this signal, instrument shows " electrokinetic cell add hanker ".
In the process of battery pack heating, battery manager and cell heater detect respectively the battery pack state always, if battery pack temperature detected under normal circumstances higher than the first temperature threshold, or time of heat overtime threshold value, or the highest single battery temperature is higher than the second temperature threshold, cell heater stops the transmitted control signal to switch module, stops battery pack being heated.Cell heater sends the CAN signal to instrument, and instrument shows " heating completes " after receiving this signal, and now car load battery pack heat process finishes.In an example of the present invention, the second temperature threshold can be 20 ℃, and time threshold can be 20 minutes.As preferably, in order to prevent the heating schedule repeated priming, in battery pack heat process, while battery pack temperature being detected higher than 5 ℃ of the first temperature thresholds, stop battery pack being heated.
Workflow under normal trouble free situation as mentioned above.
If the battery pack temperature that battery manager detects is higher than the first temperature threshold, battery manager is according to the startup strategy work of car load under normal temperature; If battery pack temperature is lower than the first temperature threshold, and battery dump energy is lower than power threshold, main contactor is in attracting state not, battery manager sends the CAN signal to cell heater and instrument, do not allow the battery pack heating, after instrument receives this signal, show " battery pack dump energy deficiency ", now car load does not allow heating, travels and charge.
If any one in cell heater fault, under-voltage protection, overvoltage protection, overheating protection, pulse width interval and the protection of maximum ON time occur in the cell heater process of self-test; do not allow to heat to battery pack; cell heater sends breakdown signal; instrument receives this signal and shows " heating system fault ", does not now allow heating.
Any one in cell heater fault, under-voltage protection, overvoltage protection, overheating protection, pulse width interval and the protection of maximum ON time appears in to battery pack heat process at cell heater; cell heater stops heating to battery pack; and transmission breakdown signal; instrument receives this signal and shows " heating system fault ", and this time battery pack heating is ended.
In an example of the present invention, for the above-mentioned fault type of mentioning, further, the protection circuit that cell heater inside is made has following description:
1) failure reset circuit.When breakdown signal is arranged, IGBT cut-off, inner ERROR(fault) pin is low level, by optocoupler, breakdown signal exported to the output of pin ERROUT(fault) be low level.If think the de-preservation state, PWM(Pulse Width Modulation, pulse width modulation) ripple should remain high level 2 seconds, the breakdown signal that resets, circuit recovers normal working.If can not reset in 2 seconds, illustrate that circuit has produced permanent fault, cisco unity malfunction.
2) pulse width interval and the protection of maximum ON time.For guaranteeing the inner IGBT discharge module normal operation of cell heater, by DSP(Digital Signal Processor, digital signal processor) impulse rate that sends can not be too fast, and the pulsewidth time can not be oversize.For example, the pulse width maximum can be 5 milliseconds, and the interval minimum can be the 7-10 millisecond, otherwise breakdown signal output is arranged.
3) secondary power supply produces.In an example of the present invention, the inner IGBT of cell heater drives and adopts the DC-to-DC insulating power supply, and the voltage recommendation of gate pole positive bias can be+15V, and negative bias can be-7V.Negative bias can accelerate to turn-off IGBT, and prevents that surge current is excessive and cause IGBT to mislead.
4) under-voltage protection.Under-voltage protecting circuit is mainly the problems such as the inner IGBT power consumption of cell heater increase in order to prevent from causing due to the driving voltage deficiency.During to the first voltage threshold, under-voltage protection appears when cell heater internal power supply control circuit voltage drop.In an example of the present invention, the first voltage threshold can be 9V.
5) overheat protector.Overheating protection circuit can prevent that excess Temperature from causing the damage to IGBT, is mainly to carry out temperature sampling by thermally dependent resistor, occurs overheating protection during higher than the safety temperature threshold value when the module baseplate temp.Whether this circuit can also open a way for detection of thermally dependent resistor, when thermally dependent resistor is opened a way, and this resistance infinity of equivalence, output protection signal.In an example of the present invention, the safety temperature threshold value can be 85 ℃.
6) overvoltage protection.Because usually there is larger inductance in discharge loop, when IGBT turn-offs, collecting electrode can inspire very high potential, therefore between the collector and emitter of IGBT parallel connection high-voltage capacitance.Overvoltage protective module is mainly to prevent that IGBT collecting electrode transient voltage when turn-offing is too high, causes the IGBT overvoltage and burns out, and when collector voltage surpasses the second voltage threshold value, the output protection signal.In an example of the present invention, the second voltage threshold value can be 800V.
In heating system heat process, if the user presses suddenly heat button, and keep 2 seconds, cell heater stops, to the battery pack heating, not allowing battery pack is charged, and does not also allow running car.
Heating of battery method according to the electronlmobil of the embodiment of the present invention, can make pure electric automobile disobey outer power supply and realize the heating to electrokinetic cell, battery temperature is risen to temperature required, again according to normal electric discharge and charging strategy use battery, greatly reduce the restriction that electronlmobil is used at low temperature environment, can meet the client and drive a vehicle and charging requirement when low temperature.
In the description of this specification sheets, the description of reference term " embodiment ", " some embodiment ", " example ", " concrete example " or " some examples " etc. means to be contained at least one embodiment of the present invention or example in conjunction with specific features, structure, material or the characteristics of this embodiment or example description.In this manual, the schematic statement of above-mentioned term not necessarily referred to identical embodiment or example.And the specific features of description, structure, material or characteristics can be with suitable mode combinations in any one or more embodiment or example.
Although illustrated and described embodiments of the invention, for the ordinary skill in the art, be appreciated that without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention and can carry out multiple variation, modification, replacement and modification to these embodiment, scope of the present invention is by claims and be equal to and limit.
Claims (16)
1. the power system of an electronlmobil, is characterized in that, comprising:
Battery pack;
Cell heater, described cell heater is connected with described battery pack, and described cell heater is configured to described battery pack is discharged and recharged to described battery pack is heated;
Battery manager, described battery manager is connected with described cell heater with described battery pack respectively, for the temperature of described battery pack lower than the dump energy of the first temperature threshold and described battery pack higher than power threshold after, controlling described cell heater is described battery pack heating;
Switch box, described switch box is distributed for the voltage to described battery pack output;
Motor;
Electric machine controller, described electric machine controller is connected with described switch box with described motor respectively, and described electric machine controller there is first input end, the second input end and be connected to described first input end and the second input end between pre-charging capacitor, described electric machine controller is for being that the voltage that described electric machine controller distributes is described motor power supply according to control command and described switch box; And
The isolation inductance, described isolation inductance is connected between described battery pack and described switch box, and the pre-charging capacitor of the inductance of described isolation inductance and described electric machine controller coupling.
2. the power system of electronlmobil as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the inductance value L of described isolation inductance determines according to following formula:
3. the power system of electronlmobil as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described cell heater carries out, after fault self-checking, testing result is sent to described battery manager.
4. the power system of electronlmobil as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described cell heater further comprises:
The first switch module, an end of described the first switch module is connected with described isolation inductance with the first electrode of described battery pack respectively;
The first electric capacity, an end of described the first electric capacity is connected with the other end of described the first switch module, and the other end of described the first electric capacity is connected with the second electrode of described battery pack;
The first inductance, an end of described the first inductance is connected with the node between described the first switch module and described the first electric capacity;
The second switch module, one end of described second switch module is connected with the other end of described the first inductance, and the other end of described second switch module is connected with the second electrode of described battery pack, the control end of described the first switch module and second switch module all is connected with described battery manager, to described battery pack heating the time, described battery manager sends a signal to described cell heater, described cell heater is controlled described the first switch module and the conducting successively of second switch module, and described second switch module is closed when described the first switch module conducting, when described second switch module conducting, described the first switch module is closed.
5. the power system of electronlmobil as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, described cell heater also comprises:
Cooling module, carry out cooling for the first switch module to described cell heater and second switch module.
6. the power system of electronlmobil as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, described cooling module further comprises:
Be arranged on the air channel in described cell heater; And
Be arranged on the fan of described air channel one end.
7. the power system of electronlmobil as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, described cooling module further comprises:
Be arranged on the coolant channel in described cell heater; And
Be arranged on cooling liquid inlet and cooling liquid outlet on described cell heater.
8. the power system of electronlmobil as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described cell heater also comprises:
The power connector, for connecting and fixing the power line be connected with described battery pack.
9. the power system of electronlmobil as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described switch box further comprises:
Main contactor, described main contactor for being dispensed to the output voltage of described switch box the consumer of described electronlmobil under the control of described battery manager; And
The preliminary filling contactless switch, one of them is connected the first input end and the second input end of described preliminary filling contactless switch and described electric machine controller, described preliminary filling contactless switch, under the control of described battery manager, before the described electric motor starting of described motor controller controls, is described pre-charging capacitor charging.
10. an electronlmobil, is characterized in that, comprises the power system as the described electronlmobil of claim 1-9 any one.
11. the heating of battery method as electronlmobil as described in claim 1-10 any one, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Detect the dump energy of temperature and the described battery pack of described battery pack;
If the temperature of described battery pack is lower than the dump energy of the first temperature threshold and described battery pack higher than power threshold, to control described cell heater be described battery pack heating to described battery manager;
If the temperature of described battery pack is lower than the dump energy of described the first temperature threshold and described battery pack lower than described power threshold, described battery manager sends and forbids described electronlmobil heating, the prompting of travelling or charging; And
If the temperature of described battery pack is higher than described the first temperature threshold, described battery manager is controlled the main contactor closure in described switch box.
12. the heating of battery method of electronlmobil as claimed in claim 11, is characterized in that, controlling described cell heater at described battery manager is, before described battery pack heats, also to comprise:
The preliminary filling contactless switch closure that described battery manager is controlled in described switch box is described pre-charging capacitor charging, and turn-offs described preliminary filling contactless switch after described pre-charging capacitor charging.
13. the heating of battery method of electronlmobil as claimed in claim 11, is characterized in that, also comprises:
Described cell heater carries out, after fault self-checking, testing result is sent to described battery manager, and described battery manager sends the prompting of forbidding that described electronlmobil heats, travels or charge when described cell heater breaks down.
14. the heating of battery method of electronlmobil as claimed in claim 11, is characterized in that, controlling described cell heater at described battery manager is, before described battery pack heats, also to comprise:
Judge whether to receive the heating instruction of the chaufeur input of described electronlmobil, if received described battery manager to control described cell heater be the heating of described battery pack, if do not receive described battery manager sends and forbids described electronlmobil heating, the prompting of travelling or charging.
15. the heating of battery method of electronlmobil as claimed in claim 11, is characterized in that, controlling described cell heater at described battery manager is, after described battery pack heats, also to comprise:
Described battery manager receives the enabled instruction of the chaufeur input of described electronlmobil;
Described battery manager calculates Current Temperatures and the dump energy of described battery pack, and calculates the maximum permission horsepower output of described battery pack; And
According to the described maximum described electronlmobil limit of the output power power that allows, travel.
16. the heating of battery method of electronlmobil as claimed in claim 11, is characterized in that, when any one of following condition meets, described battery manager is controlled described cell heater and is stopped heating,
The temperature of described battery pack is higher than described the first temperature threshold;
In described battery pack, arbitrary single battery temperature is higher than the second temperature threshold, and described the second temperature threshold is higher than described the first temperature threshold; Or
The continuous heating time of described cell heater is higher than time threshold.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201210160591.XA CN103419662B (en) | 2012-05-22 | 2012-05-22 | The power system of electronlmobil, electronlmobil and heating of battery method |
| PCT/CN2013/076115 WO2013174280A1 (en) | 2012-05-22 | 2013-05-22 | Power system of electric vehicle, electric vehicle comprising the same and method for heating battery group of electric vehicle |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210160591.XA CN103419662B (en) | 2012-05-22 | 2012-05-22 | The power system of electronlmobil, electronlmobil and heating of battery method |
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| CN103419662A true CN103419662A (en) | 2013-12-04 |
| CN103419662B CN103419662B (en) | 2015-11-25 |
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| WO (1) | WO2013174280A1 (en) |
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| CN110544808A (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2019-12-06 | 大众汽车有限公司 | Vehicle electrical system, driving device and circuit for heating a battery |
| CN113508053A (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2021-10-15 | 纬湃科技有限责任公司 | Method for controlling the activation of an electric machine in a hybrid traction network |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN103419662B (en) | 2015-11-25 |
| WO2013174280A1 (en) | 2013-11-28 |
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