CN103419088A - Numerical control machine tool cutting force load simulation device and method - Google Patents
Numerical control machine tool cutting force load simulation device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103419088A CN103419088A CN2013103429226A CN201310342922A CN103419088A CN 103419088 A CN103419088 A CN 103419088A CN 2013103429226 A CN2013103429226 A CN 2013103429226A CN 201310342922 A CN201310342922 A CN 201310342922A CN 103419088 A CN103419088 A CN 103419088A
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Abstract
The invention provides a numerical control machine tool cutting force load simulation device and method. The device comprises a simulation tool device capable of bearing a radial force and an axial force simultaneously, a fixed device is installed at one end of the simulation tool device, a detection device for detecting magnitude of three-way acting forces of the simulation tool device is installed on the fixed device, and the detection device is further fixedly connected with a power device for providing three-way simulation cutting forces for the simulation tool device. After the devices are connected well, the pressure of the power device is adjusted, displacement and deformation of a measuring point are measured in the operating state of a machine tool, and therefore the rigidity of the whole machine tool and the rigidity of the parts can be obtained. According to the device, the three-way acting forces can be simultaneously applied to a machine tool spindle in the normal operating state of the machine tool spindle to simulate an actual machine tool cutting force, and therefore a rigidity chain composed of the rigidity of the whole machine tool and the rigidity of the parts of the machine tool is tested. A weak link in the rigidity chain is found out according to a test result, optimization design is performed on the weak link, and therefore the machining accuracy of the whole machine tool is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the mechanical device field, relate to a kind of numerical control machine tool cutting power analog loading device and method.
Background technology
The rigidity of complete machine tool rigidity and parts is important factor in order that affect the Digit Control Machine Tool machining accuracy, insufficient rigidity can cause machining accuracy to reduce and not reach processing request, and therefore designing a set of cutting force analog loading device, to test complete machine rigidity and the parts rigidity of lathe be very necessary.Although at present developed the rigidity that some corresponding chargers detect machine tool chief axis, but current most of charger only can apply at the static action Imitating cutting force of a direction, or apply the cutting force on direction at the state Imitating of main shaft work.The working angles of this and actual lathe has certain difference, can not react very really the actual cut process of lathe
If can under the state of machine tool chief axis work, apply the active force of three directions simulates actual Cutting Process and just can record more really the rigidity of main shaft in lathe actual cut process simultaneously.Thereby, design one and can under the lathe duty, apply the charger that three direction cutting force simulate actual processing technology simultaneously and have a very big significance.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of numerical control machine tool cutting power analog loading device and method, the active force that can under the state of machine tool chief axis normal operation, simultaneously apply three directions is simulated actual cutting technology.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of numerical control machine tool cutting power analog loading device, comprise the simultaneously simulation knife system of bearing radial force and axial force, one end of simulation knife system is equipped with fixture, checkout gear for detection of the amount of force on three directions of simulation knife system is installed on fixture, and checkout gear also with for the simulation knife system provides the power set of three simulation cutting power on direction to be fixedly connected with.
Described simulation knife system comprises the handle of a knife be arranged on machine tool chief axis, one end of handle of a knife is equipped with knife handle nut, be set with the simultaneously bearing of bearing radial force and axial force on knife handle nut, thereby the inner ring of bearing utilizes the ring flange on knife handle nut to position the movement that limits bearing, and the outside of bearing is equipped with fixture.
Described bearing is taper roll bearing or angular contact ball bearing.
Be provided with axle sleeve between described bearing and fixture, be provided with the shoulder hole matched with the outer ring size of bearing in axle sleeve, the step surface of shoulder hole acts on the outer ring of bearing.
Described simulation knife system is provided with the displacement transducer that detects its displacement.
Described power set are fixed on bracing frame, and bracing frame is fixed on workbench.
Described checkout gear with for showing that the computer that detects data is connected; Checkout gear comprises three pressure sensors that are arranged on fixture, and the contact-making surface of pressure sensor and fixture is plane, one of them pressure sensor be positioned at the simulation knife system axial direction and with the simulation knife system coaxial, another two pressure sensors are positioned at the radial direction of simulation knife system mutually vertical, and three pressure sensors are fixedly connected with power set respectively.
Described power set comprise three hydraulic cylinders or pneumatic cylinder, and each hydraulic cylinder or pneumatic cylinder coaxially are connected with a pressure sensor respectively.
While adopting three hydraulic cylinders as power set, three hydraulic cylinders are connected on hydraulic power unit, and are equipped with for showing the Pressure gauge of cylinder pressure on the pipeline that is connected with hydraulic power unit of each hydraulic cylinder.
A kind of numerical control machine tool cutting power simulation loading method comprises the following steps:
1) handle of a knife is installed on machine tool chief axis, then knife handle nut is arranged on handle of a knife, bearing is installed on knife handle nut, then axle sleeve is installed on the outer ring of bearing, the step surface in axle sleeve is acted on bearing outer ring;
2) fixture is installed on axle sleeve, three pressure sensors are separately fixed at the upper of fixture and contact with fixture formation face, one of them pressure sensor is positioned at the axial direction of handle of a knife coaxial with handle of a knife, and another two pressure sensors are positioned at the radial direction of handle of a knife mutually vertical;
3) three hydraulic cylinders or pneumatic cylinder are respectively fixed on bracing frame, then bracing frame are placed on the workbench of lathe, the position of adjusting bracing frame makes the axis of the push rod axis of hydraulic cylinder or pneumatic cylinder and pressure sensor on the same straight line;
4) customize corresponding stiffness measurement system according to different machine tool types, place displacement transducer at the handle of a knife place, at lathe, each parts place arranges displacement transducer, to measure the deflection at selected measuring point place;
5) primer fluid cylinder pressure or pneumatic cylinder, the given processing technology according to workpiece, adjust the hydraulic cylinder of three different directions or the pressure of pneumatic cylinder, measures the displacement of measuring point under the lathe duty;
6) the complete machine rigidity that deflection and the displacement by measuring point can obtain lathe and the rigidity of parts.
With respect to prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
Can not under the lathe duty, apply to it problem that three-dimensional active force is simulated actual processing technology in order to solve existing charger, the invention provides a kind of numerical control machine tool cutting power analog loading device simultaneously.Be provided with the simultaneously simulation knife system of bearing radial force and axial force in the present invention, the simulation knife system provides the feasibility that applies the active force of three directions under the machine tool high speed duty to it, an end at the simulation knife system is equipped with the checkout gear for detection of active force (three-dimensional active force) size on three directions of simulation knife system by fixture, checkout gear also with for the simulation knife system provides the power set of three simulation cutting power on direction to be fixedly connected with, therefore the present invention can apply by power set the cutting force (active force) of three directions to the simulation knife system, and detect the size of the cutting force on these three directions by testing fixture.So the present invention can apply the three-dimensional active force to machine tool chief axis and simulate actual cutting technology under the normal high speed operation state of machine tool chief axis simultaneously, thereby the rigidity chain to complete machine tool rigidity and each parts rigidity composition of lathe is tested, and the weak link of finding out in the rigidity chain according to test result is optimized the complete machine machining accuracy that design improves lathe.
Further, simulation knife system of the present invention comprises the handle of a knife be arranged on machine tool chief axis, is arranged on the knife handle nut of handle of a knife one end, and is sleeved on taper roll bearing or angular contact ball bearing on knife handle nut.Knife handle nut is on the one hand for being fixed on machine tool chief axis by handle of a knife, on the other hand for the suit bearing of bearing radial force and axial force simultaneously, thereby the inner ring of bearing utilizes the ring flange on knife handle nut to position the movement that limits bearing, bearing is installed can make the power set can be because not acting directly on handle of a knife the normal operation that affects lathe on the one hand, make on the other hand handle of a knife can bear axial force and radial load simultaneously, thus can applying and measuring for the cutting force of three directions of lathe.
Further, the present invention is installed axle sleeve additional between bearing and fixture, size and the bearing of axle sleeve are supporting, and the step surface of the shoulder hole in axle sleeve acts on the outer ring of bearing, and do not affect the rotation of bearing inner race, applying like this centripetal force (axial direction along handle of a knife is exerted pressure) just can not affect the rotation of machine tool chief axis.
Further, the present invention by arranging pressure sensor on three directions, pressure sensor is positioned at the axial direction of simulation knife system coaxial with the simulation knife system, another two pressure sensors are positioned at the radial direction of simulation knife system mutually vertical, therefore not only can record accurately the cutting force of three different directions, and because the cutting force of these three directions lays respectively at the x-axis, y-axis and z-axis direction of space coordinates, can also obtain easily the making a concerted effort of cutting force of three different directions, to facilitate, carry out follow-up data analysis.And the contact-making surface of pressure sensor and checkout gear is plane, make like this contact area of the two large, easily fixing, and make measurement result of the present invention more accurate.
Further, in the present invention, each pressure sensor coaxially is connected with hydraulic cylinder or pneumatic cylinder respectively, makes measurement result of the present invention more accurate.
The invention provides numerical control machine tool cutting power simulation loading method simple to operation, only need customize corresponding stiffness measurement system according to machine tool type, and according to workpiece given processing technology, adjust the pressure of hydraulic cylinder or pneumatic cylinder, measure displacement and the deflection of measuring point under the lathe duty, the complete machine rigidity that deflection and displacement by measuring point can obtain lathe and the rigidity of parts, to reach the purpose of Digit Control Machine Tool being carried out to the cutting force simulation loading.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is part sectioned view of the present invention;
Wherein: 101 is that handle of a knife, 102 is that knife handle nut, 103 is that bearing, 104 is that axle sleeve, 105 is that fixture, 201 is that power set, 301 are that checkout gear, 401 is that bracing frame, 501 is workbench.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, numerical control machine tool cutting power analog loading device of the present invention comprises the simultaneously simulation knife system of bearing radial force and axial force, the simulation knife system is provided with the displacement transducer that detects its displacement, the simulation knife system comprises handle of a knife 101, one end of handle of a knife is equipped with knife handle nut 102, being set with the simultaneously bearing 103(of bearing radial force and axial force on knife handle nut 102 is taper roll bearing or angular contact ball bearing), the outside of bearing 103 is equipped with the axle sleeve 104 supporting with bearing 103 sizes, be provided with the shoulder hole matched with the outer ring size of bearing 103 in axle sleeve 104, the step surface of shoulder hole acts on the outer ring of bearing 103, axle sleeve 104 outsides are set with fixture 105.Checkout gear 301 for detection of the amount of force on three directions of simulation knife system is installed on fixture 105, and fixture 105 is plane with the contact-making surface of checkout gear 301.Checkout gear 301 with for showing that the computer that detects data is connected; Checkout gear 301 comprises three pressure sensors that are arranged on fixture 105, one of them pressure sensor is positioned at the axial direction of handle of a knife 101 coaxial with handle of a knife 101, another two pressure sensors are positioned at the radial direction of handle of a knife 101 mutually vertical, and three pressure sensors provide the power set 201 of three simulation cutting power on direction to be fixedly connected with respectively with for the simulation knife system.Power set 201 are fixed on bracing frame 401, and bracing frame 401 is fixed on workbench 501.Power set 201 comprise three hydraulic cylinders or pneumatic cylinder, and each hydraulic cylinder or pneumatic cylinder coaxially are connected with a pressure sensor respectively.While adopting three hydraulic cylinders as power set 201, three hydraulic cylinders are connected on hydraulic power unit, and are equipped with for showing the Pressure gauge of cylinder pressure on the pipeline that is connected with hydraulic power unit of each hydraulic cylinder.
In the present invention, handle of a knife 101 is arranged on machine tool chief axis, handle of a knife 101 1 ends are equipped with knife handle nut 102, a while is installed on knife handle nut 102 and can bears the bearing 103 of axial force and radial load, power set 201 can be because not acting directly on handle of a knife 101 the normal operation that affects lathe like this.To apply applying of main shaft radial load in order simulating, an axle sleeve 104 to be installed on bearing 103, the step surface in axle sleeve 104 acts on the outer ring of bearing 103, while applying centripetal force like this, just can not affect the rotation of machine tool chief axis.Fixture 105 is arranged on axle sleeve 104, and three pressure sensors are separately fixed on the boss of fixture 105, the contact of formation face.Three hydraulic cylinders or pneumatic cylinder are separately fixed on three bracing frames 401 and act on respectively on three pressure sensors.Hydraulic cylinder does not act directly on handle of a knife 101, and the hydraulic cylinder push rod acts directly on pressure sensor, and the thrust of generation is delivered to fixture 104 successively, axle sleeve 104, the outer ring of bearing 103 and then be delivered on handle of a knife 101.Therefore realized applying the purpose of simulation cutting power under the machine tool high speed duty.
When using hydraulic cylinder as power set, hydraulic cylinder provides pressure by hydraulic power unit, by Pressure gauge, obtains certain force value, has the phenomenons such as leakage of oil due to hydraulic cylinder, and therefore the actual power be applied on machine tool chief axis may not reach requirements.Pressure sensor records the amplification translation function of force value by universal amplifier and directly on computer display, shows the value of the actual force (cutting force) on machine tool chief axis that is applied to.
Numerical control machine tool cutting power simulation loading method of the present invention comprises the following steps:
(1) handle of a knife 101 is installed on machine tool chief axis, then knife handle nut 102 is arranged on handle of a knife 101, bearing 103 is installed on knife handle nut 102, thereby the inner ring of bearing 103 utilizes the ring flange on knife handle nut 102 to position the movement that limits bearing 103, axle sleeve 104 is installed on the outer ring of bearing 103, the step surface in axle sleeve 104 acts on bearing outer ring and bears the main shaft radial load again.
(2) fixture 105 is installed on axle sleeve 104, three pressure sensors are separately fixed at the upper of fixture 105 and contact with fixture 105 formation faces, one of them pressure sensor is positioned at the axial direction of handle of a knife 101 coaxial with handle of a knife 101, and another two pressure sensors are positioned at the radial direction of handle of a knife 101 mutually vertical.
(3) three hydraulic cylinders or pneumatic cylinder are respectively fixed on bracing frame 401, then bracing frame 401 is placed on the workbench 501 of lathe, the position of adjusting bracing frame 401 makes the axis of the push rod axis of hydraulic cylinder or pneumatic cylinder and pressure sensor on the same straight line.
(4) when using hydraulic cylinder, connect the related components such as hydraulic cylinder and hydraulic power unit; When using pneumatic cylinder, connect the related components such as pneumatic cylinder and pulsometer station.
(5) customize corresponding stiffness measurement system according to different machine tool types, at handle of a knife, displacement transducer is placed at 101 places, and at lathe, each parts place arranges displacement transducer, to measure the deflection at selected measuring point place.
(6) start hydraulic power unit or air pressure pumping plant, the given processing technology according to workpiece, adjust the hydraulic cylinder of three different directions or the pressure of pulsometer, measures the displacement of measuring point under the lathe duty.
(7) the complete machine rigidity that deflection and the displacement by measuring point can obtain lathe and the rigidity of parts, be optimized design to improve the rigidity of machine tool, to reach the purpose of Digit Control Machine Tool being carried out to the cutting force simulation loading thereby find out the rigidity weak link.
The present invention can apply three-dimensional cutting force load at Digit Control Machine Tool high speed operation state Imitating, under the state of machine tool chief axis work, simulate complete machine rigidity that actual Cutting Process tests lathe and the rigidity of parts by the active force that applies three directions simultaneously, find out the rigidity weak link simultaneously and be optimized design and improve the rigidity of machine tool.Utilize charger of the present invention and method, formulating corresponding testing scheme according to different machine tool types is tested the rigidity of each parts of lathe, the weak link of finding out in the rigidity of machine tool chain is optimized design to its joint, improve the complete machine rigidity of lathe with this, this has very large effect for improving machine finish.
Claims (10)
1. a numerical control machine tool cutting power analog loading device, it is characterized in that: comprise the simultaneously simulation knife system of bearing radial force and axial force, one end of simulation knife system is equipped with fixture (105), checkout gear (301) for detection of the amount of force on three directions of simulation knife system is installed on fixture (105), and checkout gear (301) also with for the simulation knife system provides the power set (201) of three simulation cutting power on direction to be fixedly connected with.
2. numerical control machine tool cutting power analog loading device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described simulation knife system comprises the handle of a knife (101) be arranged on machine tool chief axis, one end of handle of a knife is equipped with knife handle nut (102), be set with the simultaneously bearing (103) of bearing radial force and axial force on knife handle nut (102), the inner ring of bearing (103) utilize knife handle nut (102) thus on ring flange position the movement that limits bearing (103), the outside of bearing (103) is equipped with fixture (105).
3. numerical control machine tool cutting power analog loading device according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described bearing (103) is taper roll bearing or angular contact ball bearing.
4. according to the described numerical control machine tool cutting power of claim 2 or 3 analog loading device, it is characterized in that: between described bearing (103) and fixture (105), be provided with axle sleeve (104), be provided with the shoulder hole matched with the outer ring size of bearing (103) in axle sleeve (104), the step surface of shoulder hole acts on the outer ring of bearing (103).
5. according to the described numerical control machine tool cutting power of any one analog loading device in claim 1-3, it is characterized in that: described simulation knife system is provided with the displacement transducer that detects its displacement.
6. according to the described numerical control machine tool cutting power of any one analog loading device in claim 1-3, it is characterized in that: it is upper that described power set (201) are fixed on bracing frame (401), and bracing frame (401) is fixed on workbench (501).
7. according to the described numerical control machine tool cutting power of any one analog loading device in claim 1-3, it is characterized in that: described checkout gear (301) with for showing that the computer that detects data is connected; Checkout gear (301) comprises three pressure sensors that are arranged on fixture (105), and the contact-making surface of pressure sensor and fixture (105) is plane, one of them pressure sensor be positioned at the simulation knife system axial direction and with the simulation knife system coaxial, another two pressure sensors are positioned at the radial direction of simulation knife system mutually vertical, and three pressure sensors are fixedly connected with power set (201) respectively.
8. numerical control machine tool cutting power analog loading device according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: described power set (201) comprise three hydraulic cylinders or pneumatic cylinder, and each hydraulic cylinder or pneumatic cylinder coaxially are connected with a pressure sensor respectively.
9. numerical control machine tool cutting power analog loading device according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: while adopting three hydraulic cylinders as power set (201), three hydraulic cylinders are connected on hydraulic power unit, and are equipped with for showing the Pressure gauge of cylinder pressure on the pipeline that is connected with hydraulic power unit of each hydraulic cylinder.
10. a numerical control machine tool cutting power simulation loading method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1) handle of a knife (101) is installed on machine tool chief axis, then knife handle nut (102) is arranged on handle of a knife (101), bearing (103) is installed on knife handle nut (102), again axle sleeve (104) is installed on the outer ring of bearing (103), the step surface in axle sleeve (104) is acted on bearing outer ring;
2) fixture (105) is installed on axle sleeve (104), three pressure sensors are separately fixed at the upper of fixture (105) and contact with fixture (105) formation face, one of them pressure sensor is positioned at the axial direction of handle of a knife (101) coaxial with handle of a knife (101), and another two pressure sensors are positioned at the radial direction of handle of a knife (101) mutually vertical;
3) three hydraulic cylinders or pneumatic cylinder are respectively fixed on bracing frame (401), then the workbench (501) that bracing frame (401) is placed into to lathe is upper, and the position of adjusting bracing frame (401) makes the axis of the push rod axis of hydraulic cylinder or pneumatic cylinder and pressure sensor on the same straight line;
4) customize corresponding stiffness measurement system according to different machine tool types, at handle of a knife (101), locate to place displacement transducer, at lathe, each parts place arranges displacement transducer, to measure the deflection at selected measuring point place;
5) primer fluid cylinder pressure or pneumatic cylinder, the given processing technology according to workpiece, adjust the hydraulic cylinder of three different directions or the pressure of pneumatic cylinder, measures the displacement of measuring point under the lathe duty;
6) the complete machine rigidity that deflection and the displacement by measuring point can obtain lathe and the rigidity of parts.
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