CN103403435B - The residual gas of liquefied natural gas storage/carry vessel and liquefied natural gas storage/carry vessel produces suppressing method - Google Patents

The residual gas of liquefied natural gas storage/carry vessel and liquefied natural gas storage/carry vessel produces suppressing method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103403435B
CN103403435B CN201280010359.6A CN201280010359A CN103403435B CN 103403435 B CN103403435 B CN 103403435B CN 201280010359 A CN201280010359 A CN 201280010359A CN 103403435 B CN103403435 B CN 103403435B
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natural gas
liquefied natural
lng
storage tank
loading
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CN103403435A (en
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石田聪成
小形俊夫
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MITSUBISHI Shipbuilding Corporation
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C6/00—Methods and apparatus for filling vessels not under pressure with liquefied or solidified gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0128—Shape spherical or elliptical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0169—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL subcooled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/035—High pressure (>10 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/046—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid
    • F17C2223/047—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid with a dip tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2225/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2225/0169—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL subcooled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/035—High pressure, i.e. between 10 and 80 bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/04—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid after transfer
    • F17C2225/042—Localisation of the filling point
    • F17C2225/043—Localisation of the filling point in the gas
    • F17C2225/044—Localisation of the filling point in the gas at several points, e.g. with a device for recondensing gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/04—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid after transfer
    • F17C2225/042—Localisation of the filling point
    • F17C2225/046—Localisation of the filling point in the liquid
    • F17C2225/047—Localisation of the filling point in the liquid with a dip tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
    • F17C2260/031—Dealing with losses due to heat transfer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/011—Barges

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of liquefied natural gas storage/carry vessel, it reduces the amount of natural gas produced when being loaded by liquefied natural gas (LNG) to the LNG that storage tank in LNG carrier loads, and the volume of rest gas produced being loaded by LNG suppresses into Min..A kind of liquefied natural gas storage/carry vessel, possesses storage tank (2) in the LNG carrier of the liquefied natural gas storing extremely low temperature state, wherein, when loading liquefied natural gas to storage tank in LNG carrier (2), lift pot is intrinsic pressure and makes boiling point increase so that loading liquefied natural gas to become supercooling state, further, it is provided with for being loaded into liquefied natural gas from top liquefied natural gas input coefficient (20) loaded to input in tank near tank top.

Description

The residual gas of liquefied natural gas storage/carry vessel and liquefied natural gas storage/carry vessel produces suppressing method
Technical field
The present invention relates to the residual gas of the liquefied natural gas storage/carry vessel of the storage/carrying etc. for liquefied natural gas and liquefied natural gas storage/carry vessel and produce suppressing method, especially relate to suppress the technology of the residual gas of generation when the liquefied natural gas for liquefied natural gas storage/carry vessel loads.
Background technology
In the past, the known liquefied natural gas carry vessel (LNGC, SRV) having in the carrying being used in liquefied natural gas (hereinafter referred to as " LNG ") or possess liquefied natural gas storage/carry vessel that LNG is processed like that by float type liquefied natural gas storage ship (FSRU) of regasification plant.
In existing liquefied natural gas carry vessel, when loading to the LNG of LNG storage tank, LNG gasification and produce substantial amounts of natural gas, therefore the most residual gas for consuming at carrying shipboard, such as shown in Fig. 4, transport back to onshore base and carry out in side, base processing (usually burning disposal).
Liquefied natural gas carry vessel 1 shown in Fig. 4 possesses storage tank 2 in spherical LNG ship.In each LNG ship, storage tank 2 possesses: the LNG that the solid line used when the LNG that LNG land storage tank 10 grade loaded from side, onshore base is sent by LNG pump 11 represents loads piping system 12；The gas that the dotted line used when discharging the natural gas of gasification from each LNG storage tank 2 represents discharges piping system 13.
Gas is discharged piping system 13 and is supplied to engine portion 3 by the natural gas in storage tank 2 in each LNG ship, and guides to the flare stack 14 of side, onshore base and make it burn.
In liquefied natural gas carry vessel 1, as the main reason producing substantial amounts of residual gas to the LNG of storage tank in LNG ship 2 when loading, 2 following points can be enumerated.
1) storage tank in LNG ship 2 is carried out pre-cooling after start LNG load, but in LNG ship storage tank 2 be not cooled to load LNG saturation temperature.Accordingly, because load the LNG of extremely low temperature in storage tank in LNG ship 2, and produce the movement of the heat shown in Fig. 5 arrow, load LNG and be warming up to saturation temperature at the contact surface place with storage tank in LNG ship 2 or natural gas.As a result of which it is, in LNG ship the inside of storage tank 2, produce substantial amounts of natural gas.
2) LNG remained in LNG ship in storage tank 2 before loading operation is owing to placing and heaviness (volatilization of methane content) development for a long time, as a result of which it is, be in the state that liquid temperature rises.Accordingly, because the new LNG stream lower than the liquid temperature remaining LNG enters, and the inside of storage tank 2 produces bumping phenomenon in LNG ship, therefore particularly in loading the substantial amounts of natural gas of initial stage generation.
When ship stored by float type liquefied natural gas, the process of the residual gas produced when LNG loads becomes more difficult.Namely, as shown in Figure 3, when the LNG storing ship 1F from liquefied natural gas reciprocal carry vessel (SHUTTLELNGC) 1S to float type liquefied natural gas loads operation, substantially restricted into the capacity identical with from the liquefied natural gas reciprocal carry vessel 1S LNG volume supplied to transported back the gas flow of liquefied natural gas reciprocal carry vessel 1S side.
Therefore, release under the situation being not permitted at air, suitable position equipment reliquefaction installation (not shown) on the ship that ship 1F stored by float type liquefied natural gas, liquefies to residual gas and is only capable of again returning to storage tank in LNG ship 2.It should be noted that, label 4 in figure is LNG pump, and 5 is regasification plant on ship, and 12 is that LNG loads piping system, 13 is that gas discharges piping system, and 15 is that the gases at high pressure that the natural gas (CNG) of the high pressure gasified by regasification plant on ship 5 is supplied to land based installation etc. are discharged piping system.
As the prior art relevant to LNG ship, it is known to following technology: in order to reduce the boil-off gas (BOG) produced in transport from LNG storage tank, and be set to be allowed in the tank intensity of the rising of the interior tank inner vapor pressure regulated of pressure limit near normal pressure.(for example, referring to patent documentation 1)
It addition, in liquefied gas at low temp storage tank, it is proposed that prevent laminarization from preventing the upset generation prevention method occurred of the BOG sharply in operating.(for example, referring to patent documentation 2)
[at first technical literature]
[patent documentation]
[patent documentation]
[patent documentation 1] Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2008-196685 publication
[patent documentation 2] Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2000-179798 publication
Summary of the invention
As described above, the process of the residual gas for producing when LNG loads, in cannot be carried out the float type liquefied natural gas of process of side, onshore base storage ship, become especially difficult.Although this residual gas can also carry out the process based on reliquefaction installation, but volume of rest gas reliquefaction installation more at most also more maximizes, and therefore installation space aboard ship guarantees or becomes present aspect unfavorable.
Therefore, if the amount of natural gas that can reduce the gasification when LNG loads and produce, then the amount of natural gas becoming residual gas also reduces and tails off, and therefore the process of residual gas becomes easy or do not need.
From this background, wish that the residual gas of a kind of liquefied natural gas storage/carry vessel and liquefied natural gas storage/carry vessel produces suppressing method, when in the LNG carrier to liquefied natural gas storage/carry vessel, storage tank loads the LNG loading of liquefied natural gas, it can suppress the gasification in tank to reduce the amount of natural gas of generation.
The present invention makes in view of the above circumstances, the residual gas that its object is to provide a kind of liquefied natural gas storage/carry vessel and liquefied natural gas storage/carry vessel produces suppressing method, it reduces the amount of natural gas produced when being loaded by liquefied natural gas to the LNG that storage tank in LNG carrier loads, and the volume of rest gas produced owing to LNG loads is suppressed into Min..
The present invention is to solve above-mentioned problem, have employed following means.
Liquefied natural gas storage/the carry vessel of the 1st aspect of the present invention possesses the liquefied natural gas storage tank of the liquefied natural gas storing extremely low temperature state, wherein, when loading described liquefied natural gas to described liquefied natural gas storage tank, lift pot is intrinsic pressure and makes boiling point increase so that loading liquefied natural gas to become supercooling state, further, be provided with for by described loading liquefied natural gas near tank top to the top liquefied natural gas input coefficient put in tank and load.
Liquefied natural gas storage/carry vessel according to described first method, when loading liquefied natural gas to liquefied natural gas storage tank, lift pot is intrinsic pressure and makes boiling point increase so that loading liquefied natural gas to become supercooling state, further, be provided with for be loaded into liquefied natural gas near tank top to the top liquefied natural gas input coefficient put in tank and load.Therefore, effectively utilize the loading liquefied natural gas being in supercooling state as the Cooling and Heat Source making the natural gas in tank condense again, and, the liquefied natural gas that loads put in tank from top liquefied natural gas input coefficient drops to liquid level naturally from the top in tank, it is possible to carry out high efficiency heat exchange.
In described first method, described top liquefied natural gas input coefficient can be that to make described loading liquefied natural gas be the structure that naturally falls of heavy curtain shape ground from top liquefied natural gas stream, make the structure that described loading liquefied natural gas falls naturally from the one or more spray-holes being arranged in top liquefied natural gas stream, make described loading liquefied natural gas from any structure that the one or more spray nozzles being installed on top liquefied natural gas stream are the structure that naturally falls of spray form ground, as long as naturally fall etc. the structure arranging top liquefied natural gas stream and making loading liquefied natural gas naturally fall from the pipe end of top liquefied natural gas stream, unrestricted.
So, if making liquefied natural gas naturally be fallen by gravity from top liquefied natural gas input coefficient and putting in tank, then loading in liquefied natural gas and tank between natural gas, contact area increases and time of contact is also elongated.Therefore, in loading liquefied natural gas and tank, heat exchange can be promoted between natural gas such that it is able to carry out high efficiency heat exchange.
The residual gas of the liquefied natural gas storage/carry vessel of the 2nd aspect of the present invention produces liquefied natural gas storage/carry vessel that suppressing method is applicable to possess the liquefied natural gas storage tank of the liquefied natural gas storing extremely low temperature state, suppress to be loaded into liquefied natural gas to described liquefied natural gas storage tank load time generating gasification the generation amount of natural gas, wherein, form lift pot intrinsic pressure and make boiling point increase so that described loading liquefied natural gas becomes the state of supercooling state, make described loading liquefied natural gas load to naturally falling in tank near tank top.
Residual gas according to this liquefied natural gas storage/carry vessel produces suppressing method, forming lift pot intrinsic pressure and make boiling point increase so that loading liquefied natural gas to become the state of supercooling state, making loading liquefied natural gas load to naturally falling in tank near tank top.Therefore, what use supercooling state loads liquefied natural gas as the Cooling and Heat Source making the natural gas in tank condense again, and, load liquefied natural gas and naturally fallen by gravity from tank top and put into, therefore, it is possible to carry out high efficiency heat exchange.
[invention effect]
According to the above-mentioned present invention, the residual gas that can be provided a kind of liquefied natural gas storage/carry vessel and liquefied natural gas storage/carry vessel produces the such significant effect of suppressing method, it is when loading liquefied natural gas to the LNG that storage tank in LNG carrier loads, if liquefied natural gas being pressurizeed by applying, become the characteristic of the such cryogenic substance of supercooling state, reducing the amount of natural gas produced in tank because of gasification, the volume of rest gas produced being loaded by LNG suppresses into Min..
Accompanying drawing explanation
Figure 1A represent the liquefied natural gas to the present invention store/residual gas of carry vessel and liquefied natural gas storage/carry vessel produces the embodiment that suppressing method is relevant, indicates that the figure being loaded into liquefied natural gas from the top liquefied natural gas input coefficient loaded to input in tank near the tank top of liquefied natural gas storage tank.
Figure 1B represent the liquefied natural gas to the present invention store/residual gas of carry vessel and liquefied natural gas storage/carry vessel produces the embodiment that suppressing method is relevant, when indicating that being loaded into liquefied natural gas puts into liquefied natural gas storage tank and load, lift pot is intrinsic pressure and makes boiling point increase so that loading the explanation figure that liquefied natural gas becomes the situation of supercooling state.
Fig. 2 A indicates that the concrete example of the top liquefied natural gas input coefficient of the present invention and the figure of heavy curtain mode.
Fig. 2 B indicates that the first variation of the top liquefied natural gas input coefficient of the present invention and the figure of spray regime.
Fig. 2 C represents the second variation of the top liquefied natural gas input coefficient of the present invention and the figure of spray pattern.
Fig. 3 indicates that the explanation figure storing the LNG loading operation that ship (FSRU) loads liquefied natural gas from the reciprocal carry vessel of liquefied natural gas to float type liquefied natural gas.
Fig. 4 indicates that the explanation figure of the LNG loading operation loading liquefied natural gas from onshore base to liquefied natural gas carry vessel (LNGC, SRV).
Fig. 5 indicates that the explanation figure that the heat in liquefied natural gas storage tank moves.
Detailed description of the invention
Hereinafter, based on accompanying drawing, illustrate that the liquefied natural gas storage/carry vessel of the present invention and the residual gas of liquefied natural gas storage/carry vessel produce an embodiment of suppressing method.
Fig. 3 indicates that and stores ship 1F for float type liquefied natural gas, and the LNG loading liquefied natural gas (LNG) from the reciprocal carry vessel 1S of liquefied natural gas loads the explanation figure operated.Float type liquefied natural gas storage ship 1F is the LNG ship of regasification plant 5 on storage tank 2 and ship in the spherical LNG ship possessing and can storing LNG, is fixed on ocean and accepts LNG from the reciprocal ship 1S of liquefied natural gas.In LNG ship, the LNG in storage tank 2 carries out gasifying as desired by regasification plant on ship 5 and becomes the natural gas (CNG) of high pressure, discharge piping system 15 via the gases at high pressure being layed in seabed etc., store ship 1F from float type liquefied natural gas and send to land based installation etc..
On the other hand, liquefied natural gas reciprocal carry vessel 1S includes receiving place and to the LNG ship of the above-mentioned float type liquefied natural gas storage ship 1F type sent or the LNG ship of type aboard ship sent to land based installation (storage facilities or re-liquefied facility etc.) by pipeline etc. by the natural gas regasified in liquefaction base by being equipped in spherical LNG ship the LNG of storage tank 2 and being delivered to.The reciprocal ship 1S of liquefied natural gas of diagram uses the LNG pump 4 being arranged in tank, and the LNG being equipped in LNG ship storage tank 2 stores the LNG ship of the ship 1F type sent to float type liquefied natural gas.
In figure 3, the gas that the LNG loading piping system 12 represented by solid line between the reciprocal carry vessel 1S of liquefied natural gas and float type liquefied natural gas storage ship 1F and dotted line represent is discharged piping system 13 and is linked.
The LNG of one side loads piping system 12 and uses to store ship 1F from the reciprocal carry vessel 1S of liquefied natural gas to float type liquefied natural gas and sending LNG, and the gas of the opposing party is discharged piping system 13 and is used in when LNG loads and stores transporting back of residual gas that in the LNG ship of ship 1F side, storage tank 2 produces at float type liquefied natural gas.
Discharge piping system 13 it should be noted that LNG loads piping system 12 and gas the reciprocal carry vessel 1S of liquefied natural gas of each handling (sending) carrying out LNG can be easily separated and link.
As described above, liquefied natural gas storage/carry vessel (hereinafter referred to as LNG ship) as liquefied natural gas storage ship 1F or liquefied natural gas reciprocal carry vessel 1S possesses storage tank 2 in the spherical LNG ship of the LNG storing extremely low temperature state.
Therefore, in the present embodiment, when loading LNG to storage tank in the LNG ship be equipped on LNG ship 2, lift pot is intrinsic pressure and makes boiling point increase so that loading liquefied natural gas (loading LNG) to become supercooling state, and such as shown in Figure 1A, it is provided with and is loaded into LNG and puts into from the near top of storage tank in LNG ship 2 to tank and the top liquefied natural gas input coefficient (top LNG input coefficient) 20 that loads.
That is, when loading LNG to storage tank in LNG ship 2, be pressed into the pressure higher than conventional operating pressure (maximum below 0.25barG) if being added by storage tank in LNG ship 2, then the boiling point loading LNG rises in tank and becomes supercooling state.Therefore, the inside of storage tank 2 in LNG ship, as the Cooling and Heat Source for making the natural gas (survival gas and generation gas) in tank condense again, it is possible to use load the sensible heat of LNG.
In this case, if being set to spherical by storage tank in LNG ship 2, then the pressure higher than the structure of film type structurally can be forced into, therefore, it is possible to the boiling point being loaded into LNG is set as that higher temperature obtains big cold and hot amount.It should be noted that when film type, thus it is speculated that the upper limit for pressurization is about 0.6BarG, but in the case of a spherical shape, it is easy to add and be pressed into more than 0.6BarG.
In other words, as shown in Figure 1B, the LNG that loads put in storage tank 2 in LNG ship is pressed into more than 0.25BarG and is in the supercooling state of temperature T1, therefore, becomes the state (T1 < T2) of temperature T2 more low temperature than natural gas.Thus, the loading LNG of the supercooling state that temperature is relatively low, in the drawings as shown in hollow arrow H, absorbs heat from the natural gas in tank and cools down, therefore, it is possible to utilize as making natural gas condensation make the LNG of liquid carry out the Cooling and Heat Source of state change.
Now, in LNG ship, the internal pressurization of storage tank 2 can be easily achieved by utilizing the spontaneous evaporation of loading LNG.
That is, by starting the loading operation of LNG, putting into the loading LNG generating gasification of the inside of storage tank 2 in LNG ship and become natural gas, this natural gas makes the intrinsic pressure rising of tank, and thus, the boiling point loading LNG put in tank rises and becomes supercooling state.Therefore, supercooling state load LNG as the Cooling and Heat Source that the natural gas of the reason being present in tank to become residual gas is cooled down, owing to making it condense it is thus possible to become LNG from natural gas heat absorption.It should be noted that when carrying out above-mentioned internal pressurization, be located at gas and discharge the diagram elliptical switch valve closedown of piping system 13.
Top LNG input coefficient 20, such as shown in Figure 1A, is the piping system loading piping system 12 branch from LNG and arranging, and in LNG ship, the near top of storage tank 2 possesses top liquefied natural gas stream (LNG stream road, top) 21.
Namely, existing LNG loads near the pot bottom that piping system 12 is directed in LNG ship storage tank 2, therefore, the heat exchange hollow arrow H LNG liquid level in tank like that as shown in Figure 1B based on sensible heat difference only carrying out locally between liquid phase and gas phase, condensation number is also insufficient.
But, by arranging above-mentioned top LNG input coefficient 20, LNG is loaded with the natural gas being present in tank owing to loading LNG drops to LNG liquid level naturally from the top in tank from what top LNG input coefficient 20 put into, and the shown such heat exchange of hollow arrow Ha carrying out Figure 1A, therefore contact area increases, and is able to ensure that long time of contact.As a result of which it is, loading LNG and being present between the natural gas in tank, promote mutual heat exchange and heat exchanger effectiveness improves.It should be noted that the hollow arrow Hb in figure represents the heat exchange of storage tank 2 and outside atmosphere in LNG ship.
Concrete structure example as top LNG input coefficient 20, for instance having the top LNG input coefficient 20A shown in Fig. 2 A is the structure that the free-falling mode in heavy curtain shape ground is constituted to make loading LNG in tank like that.In this case LNG stream road, top 21A is set to the LNG stream road 22 of the tank shape of opened upper end, making loading LNG from being set to the outer circumferential side wall 22b substantially complete cycle ground overflow lower than inner circumferential side wall 22a, making loading LNG from there through gravity is that heavy curtain shape ground falls naturally.
So, when load LNG in LNG ship the inside of storage tank 2 from LNG stream road, top 21A be heavy curtain shape naturally fall time, the LNG that loads of heavy curtain shape is compared to the contact area of the situation that the situation about putting near tank inner bottom part shown in Figure 1B only contacts like that with LNG liquid level with the contact area of the natural gas in tank, can increase the amount of the area of heavy curtain shape.It is additionally, since and naturally falls from LNG stream road, the top 21A loading LNG put into, therefore, it is possible to guarantee long time of contact.
That is, LNG is loaded with the natural gas being present in tank except the increase of contact area from what top LNG input coefficient 20A put into, additionally it is possible to guarantee long time of contact, therefore can promote that mutual heat exchange makes heat exchanger effectiveness improve.
But, above-mentioned top LNG input coefficient 20 is not defined to make loading LNG from the top LNG input coefficient 20A that LNG stream road, top 21A is that heavy curtain shape ground falls naturally, it is possible to become example variation described as follows.
The top LNG input coefficient 20B of the first variation shown in Fig. 2 B wears, at piping material, one or more spray-holes 23 that LNG stream road 21B injection in oriented top loads LNG.This spray-hole 23 becomes the loading LNG that makes injection and spreads in substantially coniform from each spray-hole 23, and makes the loading LNG of injection naturally drop to the spray regime of the LNG liquid level in tank by gravity.In this case spray-hole 23 is in order to improve heat exchanger effectiveness, and configures equally spacedly on whole of LNG stream road, top 21B.
The top LNG input coefficient 20C of the second variation shown in Fig. 2 C installs oriented top LNG stream road 21C at piping material, and to be loaded into LNG be one or more spray nozzles 24 of spraying of spray form ground, be from each spray nozzle 24 be loaded into LNG be spray form spray and the spray pattern that makes it naturally fall.About spray nozzle 24 in this case, in order to improve heat exchanger effectiveness, and configure equally spacedly on whole of LNG stream road, top 21C.
So, adopt the either type in heavy curtain mode, spray regime and spray pattern, loading LNG is made naturally to fall from top LNG input coefficient 20 and be put in tank, it is possible to guarantee big contact area and time of contact between natural gas in loading LNG and tank, therefore, it is possible to carry out high efficiency heat exchange.And, for instance the situation that the loading LNG naturally fallen in tank is set to the little particle of diameter can be increased and the contact area of natural gas in tank by spray pattern like that further, therefore effective in the efficiency raising of heat exchange.
It should be noted that about heavy curtain mode, spray regime and spray pattern, be not defined to the situation of individually employing, it is also possible to by appropriately combined for multiple modes.
So, in the LNG ship of above-mentioned present embodiment, when being loaded into LNG and put into storage tank in LNG ship 2 and loading, lift pot is intrinsic pressure and makes boiling point increase so that loading LNG to become supercooling state, and be provided be loaded into LNG near tank top to the top LNG input coefficient 20 put in tank and load.Therefore, it is possible to effectively utilize be in supercooling state load that LNG has cold and hot as the Cooling and Heat Source making the natural gas in tank condense again.Additionally, the LNG that loads put into from top LNG input coefficient 20 to tank is heavy curtain shape, naturally falls based on the roughly conical shape sprayed and/or spray form ground.Therefore, increase with the time of contact of natural gas, contact area in tank, it is possible to improve the efficiency of heat exchange.
And, in the LNG ship of above-mentioned structure, namely, in the LNG ship possessing the LNG storing extremely low temperature state in the LNG ship of storage tank 2, for the generation amount of the natural gas of generating gasification when being loaded into LNG and loading to storage tank in LNG ship 2, put into by utilizing the method for following description to be loaded into LNG, and can suppress.
Namely, the residual gas of LNG ship produces suppressing method: form that to promote the tank of storage tank 2 in LNG ship intrinsic pressure and make boiling point increase so that loading LNG to become the state of supercooling state, makes loading LNG be loaded from the LNG liquid level naturally dropping in tank near tank top by gravity.As a result of which it is, can effectively utilize be in supercooling state load LNG have cold and hot as the Cooling and Heat Source making the natural gas in tank condense again.And, from tank top put into loading LNG naturally fall from tank top by gravity, therefore, it is possible to increase and tank in the time of contact of natural gas, contact area and carry out high efficiency heat exchange.
And, the residual gas of above-mentioned liquefied natural gas storage/carry vessel and liquefied natural gas storage/carry vessel produces suppressing method and is capable of having more the cargo operation of tediously long property, that is, reduce pressure thus the natural gas carried out generates to the tank of storage tank in LNG ship 2 is intrinsic pressure.
Illustrating, fully in the LNG ship after pressurization, the LNG in storage tank 2 becomes the supercooling state that boiling point is high.Therefore, even if the LNG in storage tank 2 accepts heat input in LNG ship, also it was only that liquid temperature rises and do not produce gas before arriving its boiling point.In other words, this situation is properly termed as the state accumulating in LNG by heat.
Otherwise, when being opened etc. by the diagram elliptical switch valve being located at gas and discharging piping system 13 and reduce that in LNG ship, the tank of storage tank 2 is intrinsic pressure, the saturation temperature of LNG declines, therefore the LNG generating gasification of a part.If utilizing this principle, then in the operation after LNG loads, for instance if as LNG ship engine portion 3 grade the needs of gas consumption place and to control the tank of storage tank 2 in LNG ship intrinsic pressure, then be free to generate natural gas.
According to above-mentioned present embodiment, when LNG is loaded to the LNG that storage tank in LNG ship 2 loads, if LNG being pressurizeed by applying, become the characteristic of the such cryogenic substance of supercooling state, then can reduce the amount of natural gas produced in tank because of gasification, it is possible to the volume of rest gas produced being loaded by LNG suppresses into Min..
Therefore, do not produce remaining natural gas when loading LNG to storage tank in LNG ship 2, therefore the compressor on ship need not be utilized to be transported back to onshore base by natural gas and carry out burning disposal as in the past.Namely, it is not necessary to transport the required power of the operating of the compressor of natural gas back and consume the gas burning disposal of natural gas in vain.And, store in LNG ship as ship 1F at float type liquefied natural gas, for the process device of residual gas as reliquefaction disposal device, it may not be necessary to or realize miniaturization.
If it addition, the intrinsic pressure of storage tank in LNG ship 2 is reduced pressure, then can carry out the adjustment of the amount of vaporization corresponding with decompression, therefore, it is possible to expressly generate natural gas.This amount of vaporization adjustment is compared to the method that such as regasification plant 5 utilizes the forced gasification device (vaporizer) generally arranged in conventional LNG ship to adjust amount of vaporization like that, becomes the efficient and easy methods such as thermal source such as not needing steam.
So, above-mentioned present embodiment is possessing in LNG ship in the boats and ships such as LNG ship of storage tank 2, being applicable to load the situation of LNG to storage tank in LNG ship 2, the kind etc. about boats and ships is not defined to above-mentioned embodiment, can suitably change in without departing from the scope of its purport.
[label declaration]
1 liquefied natural gas carry vessel
The reciprocal carry vessel of 1S liquefied natural gas
1F float type liquefied natural gas storage ship
Storage tank in 2 liquefied natural gas (LNG) ship
12 liquefied natural gas (LNG) load piping system
13 gases discharge piping system
20,20A～20C top liquefied natural gas input coefficient (top LNG input coefficient)
21,21A～21C top liquefied natural gas stream (LNG stream road, top)
22 liquefied natural gas (LNG) stream
23 spray-holes
24 spray nozzles

Claims (5)

1. liquefied natural gas storage/carry vessel, possesses:
Store the liquefied natural gas storage tank of the liquefied natural gas of extremely low temperature state；
It is loaded into the liquefied natural gas loading piping system that liquefied natural gas guiding loads to the near-bottom of described liquefied natural gas storage tank；And
Load piping system branch from described liquefied natural gas and described loading liquefied natural gas guided the top liquefied natural gas input coefficient of the near top to described liquefied natural gas storage tank,
The described loading liquefied natural gas being directed onto described top liquefied natural gas input coefficient puts into the inside of described liquefied natural gas storage tank from the described near top of described liquefied natural gas storage tank and loads,
When loading described liquefied natural gas to described liquefied natural gas storage tank, the natural gas described liquefied natural gas storage tank of lifting of described loading liquefied natural gas generating gasification is intrinsic pressure and makes boiling point increase so that described loading liquefied natural gas becomes supercooling state
What had by the described loading liquefied natural gas being in supercooling state is cold and hot as the Cooling and Heat Source making the natural gas in described liquefied natural gas storage tank condense again, it is suppressed that the generation amount of the described natural gas of generating gasification when loading.
2. liquefied natural gas storage/carry vessel according to claim 1, wherein,
Described top liquefied natural gas input coefficient makes described loading liquefied natural gas be that heavy curtain shape ground falls naturally from top liquefied natural gas stream.
3. liquefied natural gas storage/carry vessel according to claim 1, wherein,
Described top liquefied natural gas input coefficient makes described loading liquefied natural gas naturally fall from the one or more spray-holes being arranged in top liquefied natural gas stream.
4. liquefied natural gas storage/carry vessel according to claim 1, wherein,
Described top liquefied natural gas input coefficient makes described loading liquefied natural gas be that spray form ground falls naturally from the one or more spray nozzles being installed on top liquefied natural gas stream.
5. the residual gas of a liquefied natural gas storage/carry vessel produces suppressing method, it is adaptable to liquefied natural gas storage/carry vessel, described liquefied natural gas storage/carry vessel possesses: store the liquefied natural gas storage tank of the liquefied natural gas of extremely low temperature state；It is loaded into the liquefied natural gas loading piping system that liquefied natural gas guiding loads to the near-bottom of described liquefied natural gas storage tank；And piping system branch the top liquefied natural gas input coefficient by described loading liquefied natural gas guiding to the near top of described liquefied natural gas storage tank is loaded from described liquefied natural gas, the residual gas of described liquefied natural gas storage/carry vessel produce suppressing method suppress by described loading liquefied natural gas to described liquefied natural gas storage tank load time generating gasification the generation amount of natural gas
The residual gas of described liquefied natural gas storage/carry vessel produces in suppressing method,
Guiding is made naturally to fall to the inside of described liquefied natural gas storage tank from the described near top of described liquefied natural gas storage tank to the described loading liquefied natural gas of described top liquefied natural gas input coefficient and load,
When loading described liquefied natural gas to described liquefied natural gas storage tank, the natural gas described liquefied natural gas storage tank of lifting of described loading liquefied natural gas generating gasification is intrinsic pressure and makes boiling point increase so that described loading liquefied natural gas becomes supercooling state
What had by the described loading liquefied natural gas being in supercooling state is cold and hot as the Cooling and Heat Source making the natural gas in described liquefied natural gas storage tank condense again, it is suppressed that the generation amount of the described natural gas of generating gasification when loading.
CN201280010359.6A 2011-02-25 2012-02-03 The residual gas of liquefied natural gas storage/carry vessel and liquefied natural gas storage/carry vessel produces suppressing method Active CN103403435B (en)

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PCT/JP2012/052516 WO2012114851A1 (en) 2011-02-25 2012-02-03 Liquefied natural gas storage / transport ship and method of suppressing excess gas generation for said liquefied natural gas storage / transport ship

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