CN103397196B - One waters die casting aluminium product a refining unit and technique thereof - Google Patents

One waters die casting aluminium product a refining unit and technique thereof Download PDF

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CN103397196B
CN103397196B CN201310333663.0A CN201310333663A CN103397196B CN 103397196 B CN103397196 B CN 103397196B CN 201310333663 A CN201310333663 A CN 201310333663A CN 103397196 B CN103397196 B CN 103397196B
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holding furnace
aluminium
calciner
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aluminium liquid
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CN103397196A (en
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郭自刚
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Fuan Guangyuan Electromechanical Co., Ltd.
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FUAN GUANGYUAN ELECTROMECHANICAL Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention provides one and water die casting aluminium product a refining unit, comprise calciner and closed holding furnace, be provided with liftable stirring shaft above described calciner and be placed on the agitating vane of stirring shaft, be provided with for passing into through hole in rare gas element in described stirring shaft, described calciner is connected with sealed thermal insulating stove through carrier pipe, the liquid discharge pipe that described holding furnace is provided with, described a refining unit also comprises vacuum pumping pump, described holding furnace is connected with vacuum pumping pump by taking out true pipeline, the present invention also provides one to water die casting aluminium product refinery practice <b>, </b> the present invention also comprises one and waters die casting aluminium product refinery practice, this technique can make aluminium ingot melt through dehydrogenation to the whole course of conveying of heat preservation method, refinery molten aluminium secondary in transfer process is effectively avoided to inhale hydroxide, reduce pore and the impurity of aluminum products, greatly improve the quality of watering die casting aluminium product, application prospect is extensive.

Description

One waters die casting aluminium product a refining unit and technique thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to one and water die casting aluminium product a refining unit and technique thereof.
Background technology
The advantages such as cast aluminium alloy is little with its density, specific tenacity is high, plasticity good, the good and easy processing of electrical and thermal conductivity, and be widely used in the every field such as aerospace, automobile, machinery and electronics.But cast aluminium alloy may cause foundry goods to produce a series of defect, as pin hole, pore, slag inclusion etc. in fusion process.Therefore, how to improve Melting Quality and always be in foundry goods actual production the problem needing to think deeply.The inclusion of cast aluminium alloy in melting is mainly hydrogen and aluminium sesquioxide, if refinery practice is improper, continuity and the compactness of aluminium casting are damaged, and must reduce the performance of foundry goods.
The method of alloy refining is more, is mainly divided into absorption method and non-adsorbed method.Non-adsorbed comprises DC electrical method, pressure crystallizing method and chemical combination degassing method etc., but these techniques rest on laboratory stage mostly, and still has certain distance in large-scale application to actual production.Absorption method mainly comprises and uses media filtration method and the large class of method two of swimming, and because the method for swimming is simple to operate and can not produce flux mixture, therefore the method for swimming is most widely used.
The method of swimming is when refined aluminum, in aluminium liquid, pass into gas (Cl 2, N 2or Ar), in aluminium liquid, form bubble floating, in floating, the hydrogen trap in aluminium liquid enters in bubble, is taken out of by hydrogen, and reach the object of dehydrogenation after bubble effusion liquid level while being dispersed in air.But adopt Cl 2though dehydrogenation has excellent effect, cause Heavy environmental pollution, rear employing N 2or the non-active gas dehydrogenation such as Ar, need not exhaust-gas treatment facilities, become environment-friendly type technique.
Also have based on bubble floating Design Theory degasification bell jar in addition, use this bell jar can reduce the size of bubble, reduce the speed of bubble floating, extend floating interval of floating dock, reacted impurity can be avoided to carry out secondary pollution to aluminium liquid simultaneously, bell jar adopts high purity graphite manufacture, and aluminium alloy can be avoided again to increase iron.
FOSECO company of Britain also develops rotor getter, for aluminum alloy melt degasification.Its action principle is: rotor breaks up common inert gas atmosphere bubble becomes tiny bubble, and make it be dispersed in molten metal, by reducing bubble diameter, bubble surface area is sharply increased, then there is more inertia bubble surface to contact with impurity with the hydrogen in molten metal, thus improve degassing efficiency.
But, the method of above-described refined aluminum is all only applied in aluminium ingot calciner, when need the aluminium liquid after by refining pour into mould water be cast into aluminium product time, artificial or mechanical means is then adopted to pour in holding furnace by aluminium liquid, again via holding furnace conveying aluminum liquid to mould, the aluminium liquid that such refining completes cannot invariably contact with outside air or with the air in holding furnace in the process of transfer, thus cause the secondary of refinery molten aluminium to inhale hydroxide.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is poor and water aluminium liquid in die casting aluminium product process and be vulnerable to secondary and inhale the problem of hydroxide to above-mentioned existing refinery practice refining effect, designs one and waters die casting aluminium product a refining unit and one waters die casting aluminium product refinery practice.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme one of the present invention is: one waters die casting aluminium product a refining unit, comprise calciner and closed holding furnace, be provided with liftable stirring shaft above described calciner and be placed on the agitating vane of stirring shaft, be provided with for passing into through hole in rare gas element in described stirring shaft, described calciner is connected with sealed thermal insulating stove through carrier pipe, the liquid discharge pipe that described holding furnace is provided with, described a refining unit also comprises vacuum pumping pump, and described holding furnace is connected with vacuum pumping pump by taking out true pipeline.
Further, described calciner is built-in with the first crucible for containing aluminium liquid, and described first crucible perisporium and bottom are enclosed with thermal insulation layer, and described thermal insulation layer perimembranous is provided with heating unit.
Further, described holding furnace is built-in with the second crucible for containing aluminium liquid, and described second crucible perisporium and bottom are enclosed with thermal insulation layer, and described thermal insulation layer perimembranous is provided with heating unit, is provided with projection bottom described second stone crucible.
Further, described carrier pipe is provided with the keying valve controlling the circulation of aluminium liquid, described in take out true pipeline and be provided with vacuum pumping valve.
Further, described holding furnace is connected with air compressor machine and connecting tube is provided with air intake valve, and described holding furnace is also provided with tensimeter and safety valve.
Further, aluminium liquid filtration unit is provided with in described liquid discharge pipe.
Further, described carrier pipe and liquid discharge pipe inwall are coated with boron nitride, aluminum fluoride or cupric fluoride coating.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme two of the present invention is: one waters die casting aluminium product refinery practice, comprises one as claimed in claim 1 and waters die casting aluminium product refining unit, and carry out according to the following steps:
(1) preheated aluminium ingot is put into molten aluminium stove and carry out overheated melting, the temperature of superheat that setting melts is 680 ~ 800 DEG C;
(2) treat that aluminium ingot melts in backward calciner and insert whipping appts stirring aluminium liquid, in the stirring shaft of whipping appts, through hole passes into rare gas element;
(3) open vacuum pumping pump, make sealed thermal insulating stove be in vacuum state;
(4) make the aluminium liquid after melting enter holding furnace by carrier pipe to be incubated, be piled up in rare gas element above calciner aluminium liquid owing to also entering in holding furnace than great thereupon, and sealing coat is formed above heat preserving furnace aluminum liquid, the temperature of described holding furnace controls at 670 ~ 750 DEG C;
(5) in holding furnace, pass into gas, to improve holding furnace internal pressure, improve the potential energy of aluminium liquid when discharge opeing works in holding furnace, aluminium liquid is discharged fast by liquid discharge pipe.
Further, described rare gas element is argon gas or nitrogen.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
One, before aluminium liquid pours holding furnace into, holding furnace is vacuumized, efficiently avoid on the one hand that aluminium liquid is subject to being incubated the impact of furnace air and secondary inhales hydroxide, pile up above the aluminium liquid introduced by calciner on the other hand and have rare gas element, because the proportion of rare gas element is larger, also enter holding furnace with aluminium liquid and form sealing coat at the upper surface of heat preserving furnace aluminum liquid, the whole course of conveying making aluminium ingot melting enter holding furnace again through dehydrogenation all realizes and isolate from outer air, substantially increases the quality product of cast aluminum-molykote composite material product.
Two, during calciner refined aluminum, in aluminium liquid, pass into rare gas element, form the bubble of small rare gas element in aluminium liquid, the hydrogen atom in aluminium liquid will move to rare gas element walls, form hydrogen molecule and diffuse into bubble, with H 2rare gas element bubble when floating, constantly absorb hydrogen, after final effusion liquid level, be dispersed in air, rare gas element forms sealing coat on aluminium liquid surface thus realizes the object of aluminium liquid dehydrogenation, and the method is simple to operate, and hydrogen addition rate is high.
Three, in described holding furnace, the second crucible bottom is provided with projection, the quick shunting of aluminium liquid can be realized, form circulation phenomenon, avoid the direct impact of aluminium liquid to crucible bottom, greatly reduce crucible loss, extend the durability of crucible, simultaneously, the rare gas element of aluminium liquid inside also can be overflowed fast, forms sealing coat on the surface of heat preserving furnace aluminum liquid.
Four, air gas pressurizing valve is also provided with in holding furnace, utilizing holding furnace to apply the potential energy that on air pressure, the deadweight of aluminium liquid material and holding furnace, liquid level and several factor of mould cavity surface drop pressure are formed jointly makes the aluminium liquid in holding furnace have higher flow velocity when entering mold cavity, to improve shaping aluminium product surface quality.
Five, described carrier pipe inside is coated with boron nitride or aluminum fluoride, cupric fluoride coating, makes pipeline all still remain good electrical insulation capability more than 400 ~ 1000 DEG C.
To sum up, it is simple that the present invention waters die casting aluminium product a refining unit structure, easy to operate, use this device to be formed water die casting aluminium product fining process can avoid refinery molten aluminium in transfer process secondary inhale hydroxide, reduce pore and the impurity of aluminum products, greatly improve the quality of watering die casting aluminium product, application prospect is extensive.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention.
In figure: 1-calciner, 2-holding furnace, 3-vacuum pumping pump, 4-heating unit, 5-air compressor machine, 11-stirring shaft, 12-first crucible, 13-thermal insulation layer, 21-carrier pipe, 22-liquid discharge pipe, 23-takes out true pipeline, 24-second crucible, 25-tensimeter, 26-safety valve, 51-air intake valve, 111-agitating vane, 211-opens and closes valve, 221-filtration unit, 231-vacuum pumping valve.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention will be further described in detail.
As shown in Figure 1, one waters die casting aluminium product a refining unit, comprise calciner 1 and closed holding furnace 2, be provided with liftable stirring shaft 11 in described calciner 1 and be placed on the agitating vane 111 of stirring shaft 11, be provided with in described stirring shaft 11 for passing into through hole in rare gas element, described calciner 1 is connected with sealed thermal insulating stove 2 through carrier pipe 21, described holding furnace 2 is provided with liquid discharge pipe 22, described a refining unit also comprises vacuum pumping pump 3, and described holding furnace is connected with vacuum pumping pump 3 by taking out true pipeline 23.
Described calciner 1 can be positioned at the eminence of closed holding furnace 2, and to improve the potential energy of aluminium liquid, stirring shaft 11 liftable, is positioned at the top of calciner 1 at the beginning, and put into melt after for liquid when aluminium ingot and fall, the aluminium liquid being placed in calciner 1 stirs.
When aluminium ingot melts, stirring shaft 11 with agitating vane 111 is stretched into bottom calciner, while rotating paddle 111 stirs aluminium liquid, pass into rare gas element to airway simultaneously, described rare gas element can be argon gas or nitrogen, and the rare gas element of ejection forms tiny bubble and rises in the shape of a spiral in aluminium liquid.Because the dividing potential drop of the H2 in the bubble of rare gas element is about 0Pa, hydrogen atom in aluminium liquid will move to rare gas element walls, form hydrogen molecule and diffuse in the bubble of rare gas element formation, with H2 rare gas element bubble float time, continuous absorption hydrogen, after final effusion liquid level, to be dispersed in air and with oxygen catalytic combustion in air, thus reach the object of dehydrogenation.
Because rare gas element is large relative to the hydrogen in air, oxygen molecule weight, the aluminium liquid surface that thus can be deposited in melting furnace 1 forms rare gas element sealing coat, thus stops the hydrogen in calciner 1 upper air again to be absorbed by aluminium liquid.Innovative point of the present invention is, holding furnace 2 can vacuumize by vacuum pumping pump 3, holding furnace 2 is made to be in vacuum state, after the aluminium liquid in calciner 1 all flows into holding furnace 2 by pipeline, originally the rare gas element of indwelling above melting furnace 1 also enters in holding furnace 2 thereupon, aluminium liquid surface in holding furnace 2 also forms rare gas element sealing coat, and achieve the completely isolated of whole process from melting to be incubated and air, the secondary avoiding aluminium liquid inhales hydroxide.
In addition, can also add the refining agents such as Repone K, sodium-chlor, sodium fluoroaluminate in calciner 1, these materials also can form oxide protective layer on the surface of aluminium liquid, melting in the process of insulation, avoid aluminium liquid by dioxygen oxidation in air.
Described calciner is built-in with the first crucible 12 for containing aluminium liquid, and described first crucible perisporium and bottom are enclosed with thermal insulation layer 13, and described thermal insulation layer 13 perimembranous is provided with heating unit 4.
Described holding furnace is built-in with the second crucible 24 for containing aluminium liquid, and described second crucible perisporium and bottom are enclosed with thermal insulation layer, and described thermal insulation layer perimembranous is provided with heating unit, is provided with projection bottom described second crucible 24.
The first described crucible 12 and the second crucible 24 material are that graphite or clay etc. have and have good heat conductance and the material of high thermal resistance, projection is provided with in the middle part of described second crucible 24 bottom surface, aluminium liquid can be avoided the direct impact of the second crucible 24, reduce the loss of crucible, extend the work-ing life of crucible.
Described carrier pipe 21 is provided with the keying valve 211 controlling the circulation of aluminium liquid, described in take out true pipeline 23 and be provided with vacuum pumping valve 231.
Described holding furnace is connected with air compressor machine 5 and connecting tube is provided with air intake valve 51, and described holding furnace 2 is provided with tensimeter 25 and safety valve 26.
When equipment is installed, calciner 1 is arranged on the eminence of holding furnace 2, the aluminium liquid of fusing is made to have certain potential energy, can flow in holding furnace 2 by carrier pipe 21 under gravity, carrier pipe 21 is provided with and opens and closes the turnover that valve 211 controls aluminium liquid, the pipeline that holding furnace 2 is connected with outside after mounting is all in closed closed state, after realizing vacuum pumping pump work, form vacuum state.
Filtration unit 221 is provided with in described liquid discharge pipe.Described filtration unit 221 can be filtering net, and the aperture of the mesh of filtering net is 30 ~ 50 orders, is mainly used in isolating the impurity in aluminium liquid.
Described carrier pipe 21 is coated with boron nitride, aluminum fluoride or cupric fluoride coating with liquid discharge pipe 22 inwall, makes pipeline all still remain good electrical insulation capability like this more than 400 ~ 1000 DEG C.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme two of the present invention is: one waters die casting aluminium product refinery practice, comprises above-mentioned one and waters die casting aluminium product refining unit, and carry out according to the following steps:
(1) preheated aluminium ingot is put into molten aluminium stove and carry out overheated melting, the temperature of superheat that setting melts is 680 ~ 800 DEG C;
Before aluminium ingot melts, material preheated zone can be set above calciner 1, utilize the thermal conduction of calciner, thermal radiation heats aluminium ingot, can first except moisture and the crystal water 500 ° on material surface, effectively can reduce like this in liquation and produce hydrogen dissolve in liquation because material surface-moisture decomposes, also can utilize heat energy simultaneously, the aluminium ingot of preheating be put into calciner and melt formation aluminium liquid at 680 ~ 800 DEG C.
Can also add the refining agents such as Repone K, sodium-chlor, sodium fluoroaluminate in calciner 1, these materials also can form oxide protective layer on the surface of aluminium liquid, making aluminium liquid melting in the process of insulation, avoiding aluminium liquid by dioxygen oxidation in air.
(2) treat that aluminium ingot melts in backward calciner and put into whipping appts stirring aluminium liquid, in the stirring shaft of whipping appts, through hole passes into rare gas element;
The melting degree of hydrogen in melt aluminium is about 20 times of solid aluminum, the H existed in melt aluminium 2account for 85% of gas contained by it.Overheated liquation can the aqueous vapor absorbed in fusion processes in air make it to resolve into H 2and O2, the H2 in aqueous vapor will be made like this to enter in aluminum melt, and the hydrogen content in aluminum melt rises along with the rising of temperature.
Stirring shaft 11 with agitating vane 111 is stretched into bottom calciner, stirring shaft 11 can by carborudum tube or annealing copper tube, graphite etc. as material, the middle part of stirring shaft 11 is provided with hollow via-hole to form airway, rare gas element is passed into airway while rotating paddle 111 stirs aluminium liquid, described rare gas element can be argon gas or nitrogen, and the rare gas element of ejection forms tiny bubble and rises in the shape of a spiral in aluminium liquid.
Due to the H in the bubble of rare gas element 2dividing potential drop be about 0Pa, the hydrogen atom in aluminium liquid will move to rare gas element walls, form hydrogen molecule and also diffuse in the bubble that rare gas element formed, with H 2rare gas element bubble float time, continuous absorption hydrogen, after final effusion liquid level, to be dispersed in air and with oxygen catalytic combustion in air, thus reach the object of dehydrogenation, rare gas element weight is comparatively large, and the aluminium liquid surface that thus can be deposited in melting furnace 1 forms sealing coat, thus the hydrogen stoping loss to enter in calciner 1 upper air is absorbed by aluminium liquid again.
The rotating speed of agitating vane 111 can not be too fast at the beginning, needs to keep liquid aluminum to stablize, and the oxide film formed to prevent the excessive surface of liquid aluminum surface wave and rare gas element sealing coat are destroyed, and cause surface hydrogen absorption.
(3) open vacuum pumping valve, utilize vacuum pumping pump to make sealed thermal insulating stove be in vacuum state;
Utilize vacuum pumping pump, make the holding furnace 2 under sealed state reach vacuum state, the holding furnace under vacuum state reaches 0.7 ~ 0.95 negative-pressure vacuum degree.
(4) the aluminium liquid after the keying valve 211 opening carrier pipe 21 makes melting enters holding furnace 2 by carrier pipe 21 and is incubated, be piled up in rare gas element above calciner 1 aluminium liquid owing to also entering in holding furnace 2 than great thereupon, and sealing coat is formed above holding furnace 2 aluminium liquid, the temperature of described holding furnace controls at 670 ~ 750 DEG C;
Calciner 1 can be arranged on the eminence of holding furnace 2, the aluminium liquid of fusing is made to have certain potential energy, open after opening and closing valve 211, aluminium liquid passes in holding furnace 2 by carrier pipe 21 rapidly under the impact of negative pressure of vacuum and gravitional force, rare gas element in melting furnace 1 also enters in holding furnace 2 thereupon, projection is provided with bottom the second crucible 24 in holding furnace 2, aluminium liquid can realize the left and right shunting of aluminium liquid after exporting inflow by carrier pipe 21, form circulation phenomenon, direct impact can not be caused to bottom the second crucible 24, the work-ing life of crucible 24 can be extended.
Because rare gas element weight is comparatively large, the aluminium liquid surface that thus can be deposited in melting furnace 1 forms rare gas element sealing coat, thus stops the hydrogen in calciner 1 upper air again to be absorbed by aluminium liquid.Innovative point of the present invention is, holding furnace 2 can vacuumize by vacuum pumping pump 3, holding furnace 2 is made to be in vacuum state, after the aluminium liquid in calciner 1 all flows into holding furnace 2 by pipeline, originally the rare gas element of indwelling above melting furnace 1 also enters in holding furnace 2 thereupon, aluminium liquid surface in holding furnace also forms rare gas element sealing coat, also can be entered in holding furnace 2 at the aluminium liquid surface oxide protective layer that formed by refining agent in calciner 1 simultaneously, aluminium liquid is made to the process of insulation, to achieve the completely isolated of whole process from melting to be incubated and air melting, the secondary avoiding aluminium liquid inhales hydroxide.
In addition, can also can also add grain-refining agent in holding furnace 2, make aluminium liquid crystal grain thinning, uniform formation, and then improve mechanical property.Refining agent not only can also have complex deoxidization function by crystal grain thinning, improves deoxidation effect, effectively improves the mobility of aluminium liquid, significantly reduces being mingled with and pore inside and outside product, significantly reduces shrinkage cavity and porosity, improve the quality of aluminium product.
(5) in holding furnace, pass into gas, to improve holding furnace internal pressure, aluminium liquid in holding furnace is discharged by liquid discharge pipe.
In aluminium formed product process, need the aluminium hydraulic pressure in holding furnace 2 to inject in mold cavity, in order to ensure the Forming Quality of aluminium product, avoid flow velocity to cross slow aluminium liquid premature set and the defect of mold cavity cannot be full of, gas pressurization device is also provided with in holding furnace 2, open air compressor machine 5 and air intake valve 51, gas is passed in holding furnace 2, to improve holding furnace 2 internal pressure, aluminium liquid in holding furnace 2 is discharged by liquid discharge pipe 22, utilize the air pressure that holding furnace applies, the potential energy that aluminium liquid material is conducted oneself with dignity and on holding furnace, liquid level and several factor of mould cavity surface drop pressure are formed jointly makes the aluminium liquid in holding furnace 2 have higher flow velocity when entering mold cavity, to improve shaping aluminium product surface quality and mechanical property.
It is simple that the present invention waters die casting aluminium product a refining unit structure, easy to operate, use this device to be formed water die casting aluminium product fining process can effectively avoid refinery molten aluminium in transfer process secondary inhale hydroxide, reduce pore and the impurity of aluminum products, greatly improve the quality of watering die casting aluminium product, application prospect is extensive.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, all equalizations done according to the present patent application the scope of the claims change and modify, and all should belong to covering scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. one kind is watered die casting aluminium product refinery practice, it is characterized in that, comprise one and water die casting aluminium product refining unit, described equipment comprises calciner and closed holding furnace, be provided with liftable stirring shaft above described calciner and be placed on the agitating vane of stirring shaft, be provided with for passing into through hole in rare gas element in described stirring shaft, described calciner is connected with sealed thermal insulating stove through carrier pipe, described holding furnace is provided with liquid discharge pipe, described refining unit also comprises vacuum pumping pump, described holding furnace is connected with vacuum pumping pump by taking out true pipeline, described calciner is built-in with the first crucible for containing aluminium liquid, described first crucible perisporium and bottom are enclosed with thermal insulation layer, described thermal insulation layer perimembranous is provided with heating unit, described holding furnace is built-in with the second crucible for containing aluminium liquid, described second crucible perisporium and bottom are enclosed with thermal insulation layer, described thermal insulation layer perimembranous is provided with heating unit, described second crucible bottom is provided with projection, described carrier pipe is provided with the keying valve controlling the circulation of aluminium liquid, describedly take out true pipeline and be provided with vacuum pumping valve, described holding furnace is connected with air compressor machine and connecting tube is provided with air intake valve, described holding furnace is also provided with tensimeter and safety valve, aluminium liquid filtration unit is provided with in described liquid discharge pipe, and carry out according to the following steps:
(1) preheated aluminium ingot is put into molten aluminium stove and carry out overheated melting, the temperature of superheat that setting melts is 680 ~ 800 DEG C;
(2) treat that aluminium ingot melts in backward calciner and insert whipping appts stirring aluminium liquid, in the stirring shaft of whipping appts, through hole passes into rare gas element;
(3) open vacuum pumping pump, make sealed thermal insulating stove be in vacuum state;
(4) make the aluminium liquid after melting enter holding furnace by carrier pipe to be incubated, be piled up in rare gas element above calciner aluminium liquid owing to also entering in holding furnace than great thereupon, and sealing coat is formed above heat preserving furnace aluminum liquid, the temperature of described holding furnace controls at 670 ~ 750 DEG C;
(5) in holding furnace, pass into gas, to improve holding furnace internal pressure thus to improve the potential energy of aluminium liquid when discharge opeing works in holding furnace, aluminium liquid is discharged fast by liquid discharge pipe.
2. according to claim 1ly water die casting aluminium product refinery practice, it is characterized in that, described carrier pipe and liquid discharge pipe inwall are coated with boron nitride, aluminum fluoride or cupric fluoride coating.
CN201310333663.0A 2013-08-03 2013-08-03 One waters die casting aluminium product a refining unit and technique thereof Active CN103397196B (en)

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