CN103396816A - Friction-dragging thermal cracking method of biomass - Google Patents
Friction-dragging thermal cracking method of biomass Download PDFInfo
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- CN103396816A CN103396816A CN2013103572690A CN201310357269A CN103396816A CN 103396816 A CN103396816 A CN 103396816A CN 2013103572690 A CN2013103572690 A CN 2013103572690A CN 201310357269 A CN201310357269 A CN 201310357269A CN 103396816 A CN103396816 A CN 103396816A
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- friction
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- towing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
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Abstract
The invention discloses a friction-dragging thermal cracking method of biomass. The friction-dragging thermal cracking method of the biomass comprises the following steps of: filling the biomass in a sealed friction thermal cracking device, extruding the biomass to a rotor friction dragging unit in the friction thermal cracking device by a spiral extruding unit in the friction thermal cracking device; S2, carrying out friction-dragging on the biomass by virtue of the rotation of a rotor of the rotor friction-dragging unit, so that the biomass is thermally cracked by the friction-dragging to obtain a product mixture; S3, carrying out settling treatment on the product mixture for separating out the solid product charcoal ash in the product mixture; and S4, carrying out gas-liquid separation on the rest of the product mixture to obtain crude fuel gas and water oil liquor. The friction-dragging thermal cracking method of the biomass is simple to operate, and capable of carrying out friction-dragging thermal cracking for converting the biomass into the products including combustible gas, the water oil liquor, the charcoal ash powder and the like, so that the zero-residue, zero-emission, resource-recycling, energy-resource-recycling and industrial development utilization of the biomass is realized, and therefore, the friction-dragging thermal cracking method is environment-friendly.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the biomass processes field, relate in particular to a kind of friction towing thermal-cracking method of biomass.
Background technology
Biomass, include the organic substances such as fowl and animal excrement in the lignocelluloses such as the stalk except grain, fruit, trees in the agroforestry production process, farming industry tankage, agriculture and forestry organic waste material and livestock industry production process and waste.Biomass resource have wide material sources, standing stock huge, easily focus on, the low pollution and the characteristics such as renewable, application potential is huge.
Tradition often the biomass of stalk etc. is adopted in field or open incineration is processed, and not only the spoiled soil structure, also pollute the environment, and cause the waste of biomass resource.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, a kind of friction towing thermal-cracking method of the biomass that biomass are transformed to recycle is provided.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of friction towing thermal-cracking method of biomass is provided, comprises the following steps:
S1, pack biomass into the heat of friction cracker airtight, by the screw extrusion unit in the heat of friction cracker, biomass are squeezed to the friction rotor tractor unit in the heat of friction cracker;
The rotor of S2, friction rotor tractor unit rotates the biomass towing that rub, makes the biomass friction pull thermo-cracking, the acquisition mix products;
S3, mix products is carried out to the sedimentation processing, with the solid product that comprises the charcoal ashes by in mix products, separate;
S4, remaining mix products is carried out to the gas-liquid separation processing, obtain thick combustion G&W fluid.
In the friction towing thermal-cracking method of biomass of the present invention, the solid product charcoal ashes in described mix products; After described step S2, also comprise S2.1, described mix products is carried out to the processing of charcoal aqueous vapor: at high temperature make carbon and water vapour reaction in the charcoal ashes in described mix products generate carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
In the friction of biomass of the present invention towing thermal-cracking method, in described step S4, also obtain flammable derivative, described flammable derivative is that the oily substance in described mix products is adsorbed onto on the described charcoal ashes of the remnants that are not separated and forms.
In the friction towing thermal-cracking method of biomass of the present invention, in described step S2, also comprise described biomass heating; Described Heating temperature is more than 100 ℃.
In the friction towing method of thermal cracking of biomass of the present invention, in described step S2, adopt calorifier to heat described biomass; Described calorifier is arranged on described heat of friction cracker inside; By described calorifier heating, heat, accelerate described biomass dehydration carbonization speed.
In the friction towing method of thermal cracking of biomass of the present invention, in described step S3, the temperature when sedimentation is processed is more than 100 ℃; In described step S4, the temperature of gas-liquid separation is less than 100 ℃.
In the friction of biomass of the present invention towing method of thermal cracking, in described step S4, described thick combustion gas comprises in combustible gas, nitrogen and carbonic acid gas one or more; But described water fluid comprises in water, tar and fuel oil one or more.
In the friction towing thermal-cracking method of biomass of the present invention, in described step S2, the velocity of rotation of described rotor is 1200-2800r/min.
In the friction towing method of thermal cracking of biomass of the present invention, in described step S2, the surface of described rotor is smooth sphere or cone surface.
In the friction towing thermal-cracking method of biomass of the present invention, described biomass comprise agriculture and forestry organic waste material and animal excrement.
The present invention is simple to operate, biomass are carried out to the heat of friction cracking to be changed into the products such as solid product, flammable G&W fluid such as charcoal ashes and recycles, the biomass energy that realizes " zero residue, zero release, innoxious, resource utilization, energy, industrialization " develops, and environmental protection.
Embodiment
The friction towing thermal-cracking method of biomass of the present invention comprises the following steps:
S1, pack biomass into the heat of friction cracker airtight, by the screw extrusion unit in the heat of friction cracker, biomass are squeezed to the friction rotor tractor unit in the heat of friction cracker.
Described biomass comprise agriculture and forestry organic waste material and animal excrement.Wherein, agriculture and forestry organic waste material comprises stalk, straw, wood chip, branch, leaf, weeds, corn cob, bagasse, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae etc.
Above-mentioned heat of friction cracker, can include cylindric casing, and two ends are respectively equipped with screw extrusion unit and friction rotor tractor unit in casing, and on casing, this end of corresponding screw extrusion unit is provided with opening for feed and packs in casing for biomass.Preferably, biomass are filled to casing inside, and by the screw extrusion unit rotational, biomass are expressed to the friction rotor tractor unit.This screw extrusion unit can comprise screw rod, by bolt rotary, biomass is squeezed to the friction rotor tractor unit.The friction rotor tractor unit can comprise rotor, for when rotating to the biomass towing that rubs.
The rotor of S2, friction rotor tractor unit rotates the biomass towing that rub, makes the biomass friction pull thermo-cracking, the acquisition mix products.
In this step, biomass are squeezed to this friction rotor tractor unit by the screw extrusion unit, and contact with rotor, and rotor rotates by its surface the biomass towing that rub, can produce heat of friction and traction, biomass is rubbed and pull thermo-cracking.The pressure that the screw extrusion unit is applied to biomass does not limit, and only needing can be by the biomass extruding to friction rotor unit pressurized close contact, getting final product.And, along with the increase of screw extrusion cell pressure, the increase of rotor rotation speed, to the increase of the frictional strength of biomass, the heat of friction of generation and traction are larger, and biomass friction towing thermo-cracking speed is faster, wherein macromolecular cleavage becomes small molecules, and degree of carbonization is higher.The velocity of rotation of rotor is preferably 1200-2800r/min.Rotor is metallic rotator.The surface of rotor is preferably smooth sphere or cone surface.This step S2 preferably carries out under oxygen free condition.
Wherein, biomass are subjected to the extruding of screw extrusion unit and the friction of friction rotor tractor unit in the heat of friction cracker, rotor orientation high speed rotating friction towing biomass, produce heat of friction and traction, heat energy makes the biomass molecule capacitation, and molecular thermalmotion strengthens under heating condition, bonding electrons transition, electron motion range extension, it is large that radius becomes, magnetism diminishes, and binding force weakens, and is and enlivens state.Enliven the state macromole, suppressing under the strong friction towing that runs up with rotor orientation, produce traction greater than the magnetism in chemical structure, the direct friction towing destroys hybridized orbital electronic cloud structure, make into the electron detachment track of key, chemical bond rupture, functional group breaks away from, the carbochain brisement, cause molecule dehydration carbonization, cracking to generate the multicomponent mix products.
In order to accelerate the thermo-cracking efficiency of biomass, in this step, also comprise biomass are heated, can accelerate like this biomass dehydration carbonization speed.Heating temperature is more than 100 ℃, as 100-600 ℃.Preferably, can adopt calorifier to heat biomass, this calorifier is arranged on heat of friction cracker inside; By calorifier, generate heat and heat, accelerate biomass dehydration carbonization speed.Calorifier between friction rotor tractor unit and screw extrusion unit, and is formed with preheating zone in heat of friction cracker inside between friction rotor tractor unit and screw extrusion unit; Calorifier is mainly to being arranged on outer casing inner wall preheating zone.Calorifier can adopt the electro-induction calorifier.After biomass were squeezed to this preheating zone and are preheated by the screw extrusion unit, pressurized contacted with rotor, by rotor, rotated friction towing on rotor surface, and friction towing thermo-cracking occurs.
In step S2 processed, the outside surface of heat of friction cracker can reach 85-420 ℃.
S3, mix products is carried out to the sedimentation processing, with the solid product that comprises the charcoal ashes by in mix products, separate, obtain to comprise the solid product of charcoal ashes.
Biomass produce after cracking mix products includes solid product, water vapour, H
2, O
2, CH
4, CO, C
2H
2, C
2H
4, C
2H
6, N
2And CO
2Deng gaseous substance and oily substance, solid product mainly is included as the charcoal ashes.Solid product collects to recycle after separating.
Separate the charcoal ashes that obtains, mainly include carbon, also contain various metals.This charcoal ashes can be used for: produce carbon fertilizer, carbon is submitted oneself in soil, reduce carbon to airborne release; Activated carbon processed, carbon black; Charcoal is converted into to combustible gas, as at high temperature with the water vapour reaction, generated carbon monoxide and hydrogen, or is mixed and made into water-gas etc. with coal.
In this step S3, the temperature when sedimentation is processed is more than 100 ℃, can guarantee that water vapour etc. can not be mixed by the charcoal ashes in this stage is condensed into water and solid product.Sedimentation is processed and can be adopted the settling vessel realization, and this settling vessel is connected to the below of friction towing thermal cracker respective rotor friction tractor unit and pulls the thermal cracker internal communication with friction.When biomass can be transported in settling vessel and carry out sedimentation by the friction rotor tractor unit after friction towing thermo-cracking.Negative area is formed on the settling vessel bottom, and the solid product that settles down can accumulate in negative area, and can collect recycling.Remaining mix products (mainly containing gaseous substance and the oily substances such as water vapour) enters next step by this settling vessel.Further, can in negative area, establish the spiral exhaust unit, solid product is discharged; Described spiral exhaust unit can comprise screw rod, by the screw rod directional rotating, solid product can be discharged to the outlet that negative area one end arranges, to collect recycling.
Before this step S3, namely after step S2, also can comprise S2.1, mix products is carried out to the processing of charcoal aqueous vapor: at high temperature make the carbon of the charcoal ashes in mix products and water vapour reaction generate carbon monoxide and hydrogen.By carbon monoxide and the hydrogen that the processing of charcoal aqueous vapor obtains, can increase in final acquisition product the output of combustible gas in gaseous matter.The processing of charcoal aqueous vapor can adopt charcoal water gasifier to realize, this charcoal water gasifier is connected between settling vessel and heat of friction cracker, can make mix products be delivered to settling vessel after charing is processed again.
S4, remaining mix products is carried out to the gas-liquid separation processing, obtain thick combustion G&W fluid.
Remaining compounding substances includes gaseous substance and the oily substances such as water vapour and combustible gas.In this step S4, the temperature of gas-liquid separation is less than 100 ℃.Under the environment less than 100 ℃, water vapour is condensable is water, thereby separates with other gaseous substances.The oily substance that in gaseous substance, some molecules are larger can be with water vapor condensation with moisture from out.The preferred 70-95 ℃ of the temperature of gas-liquid separation.The thick combustion gas that this step obtains comprises in combustible gas, nitrogen and carbonic acid gas one or more; Combustible gas comprises H
2, O
2, CO and CH
4, C
2H
2, C
2H
4, C
2H
6Deng CxHy(CxHy: hydrocarbon gas, x, y are nonzero integer) in one or more.Combustible gas can be used for fuel gas generation, makes fuel gas etc.; Carbonic acid gas can be used for producing carbonate and CO
2Fertile etc.; Nitrogen can be used for producing nitrogenous fertilizer, industrial nitrogen etc.But water fluid comprises in water, tar fuel oil one or more.
In addition, this step also can obtain flammable derivative, and flammable derivative is that the oily substance in mix products is adsorbed onto on the charcoal ashes of the remnants that are not separated and forms.The charcoal ashes of the remnants that are not separated refers to when in precipitation step, have part (or few part) charcoal ashes not sedimentation go down, and be transported in the gas-liquid separation step with gaseous substance.In the gas-liquid separation process, the oily substance that in gaseous substance, some molecules are larger is with water vapor condensation, and oily substance has flammable characteristics usually, and condensed oily substance can be attached on remaining charcoal ashes, namely form flammable derivative, can export with water fluid.Flammable derivative fuel value is high, can make fuel.
Gas-liquid separation is processed and can be adopted gas-liquid separator to realize.This gas-liquid separator is connected to settling vessel one side, and can be positioned at the top, negative area.All the other mix products after sedimentation is processed are transported in this gas-liquid separator and carry out gas-liquid separation.Gas-liquid separator comprises the housing with two-layer sidewall, and the space Cooling Water between two-layer sidewall circulates to lower the temperature, and regulates the temperature that gas-liquid separation is processed.The water fluid that obtains after condensation can be exported to recycle by the liquid outlet of gas-liquid separator lower end, and gaseous matter can be exported to recycle by the air outlet of gas-liquid separator upper end.
Below the present invention is described in detail with specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1-2
Get at random wood chip, in the heat of friction of packing into cracker, by treatment process of the present invention, process.Embodiment 1,2 feedstock conversion amounts and thermo-cracking after product are as shown in following table 1, table 2.
Embodiment 3-4
Get the biomass that weeds, straw, withe leaf and wood chip mix, in the heat of friction of packing into cracker, by treatment process of the present invention, process, embodiment 3,4 feedstock conversion amounts are as shown in table 1 below.
Each embodiment raw material weight of table 1. and thermo-cracking after product
Attached: inversion quantity (kg)=starting material amount (kg)-residue unconverted material amount (kg).
In above-described embodiment, the heat of friction cracker of employing: diameter 1000mm, length 6000mm; Screw rod in the screw extrusion unit: diameter 990mm, length 2000mm; Rotor: diameter 980mm; Settling vessel: volume 2.5-4m
3Gas-liquid separator: volume 2.5-4m
3.
As can be known from above-mentioned table 1 data, treatment process changing effect of the present invention is good, can finely become the products such as solid product of thick combustion gas, water fluid and charcoal ashes to recycle Wood Adhesives from Biomass.
The product component detected result of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 sees the following form 2.
Table 2. embodiment 1,2 product component detected results
Wherein "-" be not for detecting.
Each product of the various embodiments described above all can comprise combustible gas, water fluid and charcoal ashes solid product etc., and concrete composition can be according to the difference (as embodiment 3,4) of each embodiment raw material and difference.
Detect standard used: GB/T21923-2008 " solid biomass fuel inspection general rule ", NY/T12-1985 " biomass fuel test of heating value method ", JY/T017-1996 " elemental analyser method general rule ", JY/T020-1996 " ion look general analytical procedure general rule ", SH/T0246-2004 " Water content determination method (coulometry) in oils ")
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby limit the scope of the claims of the present invention; every equivalent structure or equivalent flow process conversion that utilizes description of the present invention to do; or directly or indirectly be used in other relevant technical fields, all in like manner be included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the friction of biomass towing thermal-cracking method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
S1, pack biomass into the heat of friction cracker airtight, by the screw extrusion unit in the heat of friction cracker, biomass are squeezed to the friction rotor tractor unit in the heat of friction cracker;
The rotor of S2, friction rotor tractor unit rotates the biomass towing that rub, makes the biomass friction pull thermo-cracking, the acquisition mix products;
S3, mix products is carried out to the sedimentation processing, with the solid product that comprises the charcoal ashes by in mix products, separate;
S4, remaining mix products is carried out to the gas-liquid separation processing, obtain thick combustion G&W fluid.
2. thermal-cracking method is pulled in the friction of biomass according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, after described step S2, also comprise S2.1, described mix products is carried out to the processing of charcoal aqueous vapor: at high temperature make carbon and water vapour reaction in the charcoal ashes in described mix products generate carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
3. thermal-cracking method is pulled in the friction of biomass according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step S4, also obtain flammable derivative, described flammable derivative is that the oily substance in described mix products is adsorbed onto on the described charcoal ashes of the remnants that are not separated and forms.
4. the friction of biomass according to claim 1 towing thermal-cracking method, is characterized in that, in described step S2, also comprises described biomass heating; Described Heating temperature is more than 100 ℃.
5. the friction of biomass according to claim 4 towing thermal-cracking method, is characterized in that, in described step S2, adopts calorifier to heat described biomass; Described calorifier is arranged on described heat of friction cracker inside; By described calorifier heating, heat, accelerate described biomass dehydration carbonization speed.
6. the friction of biomass according to claim 1 towing thermal-cracking method, is characterized in that, in described step S3, the temperature when sedimentation is processed is more than 100 ℃; In described step S4, the temperature of gas-liquid separation is less than 100 ℃.
7. the friction of biomass according to claim 1 towing thermal-cracking method, is characterized in that, in described step S4, described thick combustion gas comprises in combustible gas, nitrogen and carbonic acid gas one or more; But described water fluid comprises in water, tar and fuel oil one or more.
8. the friction of biomass according to claim 1 towing thermal-cracking method, is characterized in that, in described step S2, the velocity of rotation of described rotor is 1200-2800r/min.
9. the friction of biomass according to claim 1 towing thermal-cracking method, is characterized in that, in described step S2, the surface of described rotor is smooth sphere or cone surface.
10. the friction of the described biomass of according to claim 1-9 any one towing thermal-cracking method, is characterized in that, described biomass comprise agriculture and forestry organic waste material and animal excrement.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4316873A (en) * | 1979-10-27 | 1982-02-23 | Hermann Berstorff Maschinenbau Gmbh | Apparatus for converting coal to hydrocarbons by hydrogenation |
| CN101616970A (en) * | 2006-08-11 | 2009-12-30 | 恩尔卡特S.R.L.公司 | Be used to make the molecular structure cracked equipment of long chain organic substances |
-
2013
- 2013-08-15 CN CN201310357269.0A patent/CN103396816B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4316873A (en) * | 1979-10-27 | 1982-02-23 | Hermann Berstorff Maschinenbau Gmbh | Apparatus for converting coal to hydrocarbons by hydrogenation |
| CN101616970A (en) * | 2006-08-11 | 2009-12-30 | 恩尔卡特S.R.L.公司 | Be used to make the molecular structure cracked equipment of long chain organic substances |
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