CN103396280A - Nanometer lead oxide-coated modified boron fuel and preparation methods thereof - Google Patents
Nanometer lead oxide-coated modified boron fuel and preparation methods thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103396280A CN103396280A CN2013103441340A CN201310344134A CN103396280A CN 103396280 A CN103396280 A CN 103396280A CN 2013103441340 A CN2013103441340 A CN 2013103441340A CN 201310344134 A CN201310344134 A CN 201310344134A CN 103396280 A CN103396280 A CN 103396280A
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- lead oxide
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Abstract
The invention discloses a nanometer lead oxide-coated modified boron fuel and two kinds of preparation methods thereof. The modified boron fuel comprises the components, in percentage by mass: 30-60 of superfine boron powder and 70-40 of nanometer lead oxide. The first preparation method comprises the steps of metering raw materials, preparing a raw material solution, adding the boron powder, preparing a precursor and calcinating; and the second preparation method comprises the steps of metering raw materials, preparing the precursor and calcinating. The nanometer lead oxide-coated modified boron fuel has low ignition temperature, releases a large amount of heat, has high combustion efficiency, and has a stable combustion state when being added in a fire explosive formulation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the high energy fuels technical field for fiery explosive, particularly a kind of thermal discharge is large, and efficiency of combustion is high, and being added on boron mooring points gunpowder and boron is modification boron fuel that in defering medicine prescription, the stable Nanometer sized lead oxide of state of combustion coats and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
In the various fuel that can be used for fiery explosive field, the plurality of advantages such as boron has that the quality calorific value is high, the volume calorific value is high, advantages of nontoxic raw materials, products of combustion are nontoxic, wide material sources, become the study hotspot in current fiery explosive field.The boron powder is in the application in fiery explosive field, and mainly containing boron mooring points gunpowder and boron is delay powder.Boron mooring points gunpowder, as high-energy igniter charge, has the larger combustion heat and stronger ignition ability, is the focus of Loading Materials for Initiating Explosive Devices research always; Boron is that delay powder has advantages of that accuracy delay time is high, defer time is short, temperature of combustion is high, ignition energy is sufficient.
Table 1 has been listed the physico-chemical property of the higher fuel of 5 kinds of calorific values, comprises lithium (Li), beryllium (Be), boron (B), magnesium (Mg), aluminium (A1).Can be found out by properties Data Comparison in table 1, boron is the high energy fuels that application potential is arranged most.
The physico-chemical property of the fuel that five kinds of calorific values of table 1 are higher
Although the theoretical combustion heat of boron is very high, the actual performance of its calorific value is very difficult.Reason is:
1, the fusing point of pure boron and boiling point are higher, are difficult to fusing and gasification, B
2O
3Boiling point also higher (fusing point is 460 ℃, and boiling point is 1860 ℃), therefore will reach very high-temperature just can make the boron particles ignition, and combustion processes will experience B
2O
3The evaporation of zone of oxidation, this makes the boron particles sustained combustion more difficult;
2, the efficiency of combustion of boron is low, oxygen-consumption large, it is many to produce residue, can't give full play to its high-energy calorific value;
3, there is B in the surface of boron
2O
3, H
3BO
3, Deng impurity, make boron and fiery explosive system incompatible.
Therefore, the problem that prior art exists is: how to improve ignition characteristic, combustionproperty and the surface property of boron fuel, give full play to its high-energy calorific value, thereby make boracic fire explosive obtain applying more widely.
Summary of the invention
The modification boron fuel that the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Nanometer sized lead oxide to coat, this fuel ignition temperatures is low, thermal discharge is large, efficiency of combustion is high, is added on state of combustion in fiery explosive formulation and stablizes.
Another object of the present invention is to provide two kinds of preparation methods of the modification boron fuel that Nanometer sized lead oxide coats.
Nanometer PbO is a kind of very important industrial raw material, is widely used in the pigment white lead, makes the fields such as lead soap, metallurgical solubility promoter, pottery, promotor and lead glass industry.Nanometer sized lead oxide can be used for active substance of making by burningrate catalyst, chemical power source etc.Nanometer sized lead oxide is coated on boron powder surface, the boron powder is carried out modification, both can realize the good characteristic of term, can bring into play again the catalytic performance of Nanometer sized lead oxide.
Technical essential of the present invention mainly contains 2 points: first is matrix boron and the stoichiometric of surface oxidation lead and each chemical reaction in mechanism of combustion, and second point is method and the technique of this nano composite powder fluid fuel of preparation.
The burning that Nanometer sized lead oxide is coated on the prepared modification boron fuel in boron powder surface relates to three kinds of chemical equations:
2B+3PbO → 3Pb+B
2O
3(formula 1)
4B+3O
2→ 2B
2O
3(formula 2)
2Pb+O
2→ 2PbO (formula 3)
The burning thermal discharge of formula 1 is 0.878kJg
-1, the burning thermal discharge of formula 2 is 57.455kJg
-1, the burning thermal discharge 1.059kJg of formula 3
-1The thermal discharge of formula 1 is less,, in order to improve the burning thermal discharge of modification boron fuel, need to improve the boron powder content, but because the restriction of boron powder self-condition, and its efficiency of combustion is low, be not easy the characteristic such as igniting, and the boron powder content can not infinitely increase.
The technical scheme that realizes the object of the invention is: the modification boron fuel that a kind of Nanometer sized lead oxide coats, its component and quality percentage composition are: Superfine Boron Powder 30～60, Nanometer sized lead oxide 70～40.
The quality percentage composition of described Nanometer sized lead oxide is preferably 60～40, is preferably 50.
The particle diameter of described Superfine Boron Powder is preferably 4.9～5.3 μ m, is preferably 5.07 μ m.
Realize the preparation method of the modification boron fuel that the Nanometer sized lead oxide of another purpose of the present invention coats, can adopt any one in two kinds of nano-powder preparation methods of the precipitator method or solid-phase synthesis.
While adopting the precipitator method to prepare the modification boron fuel of Nanometer sized lead oxide coating, comprise the steps:
61) raw material metering: by the accurate weighing raw materials lead nitrate of following reaction mechanism (analytical pure), Superfine Boron Powder (technical pure), sodium hydroxide and ethanol,
The first step reaction: Pb
2++ 2OH
-→ Pb (OH)
2↓,
The second step reaction:
According to its reaction mechanism, the starting material consumption that needs in whole technical process, the boron fuel quality 2.23g(boron that coats modification take the target product Nanometer sized lead oxide with the mass ratio of plumbous oxide as 50:50) measure as example, needed various starting material consumption is: lead nitrate 1.655g, sodium hydroxide 0.6g, Superfine Boron Powder 1.115g(median size is 5.07 μ m), ethanol 200ml.
62) raw materials solution: lead nitrate is dissolved in dehydrated alcohol and forms the lead nitrate ethanolic soln according to the ratio of 1g:100ml, sodium hydroxide is dissolved in dehydrated alcohol and forms the sodium hydroxide ethanolic soln according to the ratio of 1g:80ml, standby;
63) add the boron powder: under normal temperature and agitation condition, add Superfine Boron Powder in described lead nitrate ethanolic soln, and fully stirring makes it be dispersed in formation mixing suspension liquid in solution;
64) prepare precursor: slowly drip described sodium hydroxide ethanolic soln in described mixing suspension liquid, it is fully reacted; Product is filtered, with deionized water and ethanol, wash respectively 3 times, 60 ℃ of vacuum-drying 2h, form dry precursor;
65) calcining: at 200 ℃ of calcining 2h, gained powder product is the modification boron fuel that Nanometer sized lead oxide coats with described dry precursor.
While adopting solid-phase synthesis to prepare the modification boron fuel of Nanometer sized lead oxide coating, comprise the steps:
71) raw material metering: by the accurate weighing raw materials lead nitrate of following reaction mechanism (analytical pure), Superfine Boron Powder (technical pure) and sodium hydroxide,
The first step reaction: Pb
2++ 2OH
-→ Pb (OH)
2↓,
The second step reaction:
According to its reaction mechanism, the starting material consumption that needs in whole technical process, the boron fuel quality 1.593g(boron that coats modification take the target product Nanometer sized lead oxide with the mass ratio of plumbous oxide as 30:70) measure as example, needed various starting material consumption is: lead nitrate 1.655g, sodium hydroxide 0.6g, Superfine Boron Powder 0.478g (boron powder footpath 5.07 μ m).
72) prepare precursor: lead nitrate and Superfine Boron Powder solid are evenly mixed, then with flaky sodium hydrate, put into agate mortar and fully grind, with deionized water and ethanol, wash respectively 5 times, 60 ℃ of vacuum-drying 2h, form dry precursor;
73) calcining: at 200 ℃ of calcining 2h, gained powder product is the modification boron fuel that Nanometer sized lead oxide coats with described dry precursor.
Compared with prior art, its remarkable advantage is in the present invention:
1, ignition characteristic is good: 420～475 ℃ of ignition temperatures,
2, fuel performance is good: thermal discharge is large, efficiency of combustion is high, perfect combustion heat 4.294～5.632kJg
-1
3, compatible good: join in priming charge and defering medicine prescription, state of combustion is stable, and is compatible good.
Embodiment
The following examples can make the present invention of those skilled in the art comprehend.
The practical application performance of the modification boron fuel that coats for check Nanometer sized lead oxide of the present invention, at first prepare the modification boron fuel of Nanometer sized lead oxide coating and carry out the material physicochemical property and characterize, the fuel particle being added on boron mooring points gunpowder and boron again is to be prepared as powder column in defering medicine prescription, detects its combustionproperty.
Starting material in embodiment are commercially available current material.
Boron mooring points gunpowder recipe for detection of combustionproperty is: saltpetre 40%, modification boron fuel 55%, resol 5%; Preparation technology is: at first, modification boron fuel and saltpetre are carried out manual mixing; Secondly, resol and dehydrated alcohol are formulated as solution in the 1g:1ml ratio; Then, phenol resin solution is joined in mixed powder and mixes, and granulation is the particle of 40 order particle diameters under hygrometric state, naturally dries, standby; Finally, the medicament after granulation is placed in mould, with oil press, is compressed to powder column, get final product.
Boron for detection of combustionproperty is that defering medicine prescription is: baryta yellow 82%, modification boron fuel 16%, resol 2%; Preparation technology is: at first, modification boron fuel and baryta yellow are carried out manual mixing; Secondly, resol and dehydrated alcohol are formulated as solution in the 1g:1ml ratio; Then, phenol resin solution is joined in mixed powder and mixes, and granulation is the particle of 40 order particle diameters under hygrometric state, naturally dries, standby; Finally, the medicament after granulation is placed in mould, with oil press, is compressed to powder column, get final product.
The material physicochemical property of detection modification boron fuel and detecting instrument and the detection method of medicament combustionproperty are as shown in table 2.
The physicochemical property of table 2 modification boron fuel and detecting instrument and the detection method of combustionproperty
The modification boron fuel of embodiment 1 precipitator method preparation
Take the mass ratio of target product quality 1.858g(boron and plumbous oxide as 40:60) be the example metering, needed various starting material consumptions are: lead nitrate 1.655g, sodium hydroxide 0.6g, Superfine Boron Powder 0.743g (boron powder footpath 4.9 μ m), ethanol 200ml.Accurate quantitative lead nitrate and the sodium hydroxide of weighing, and be dissolved in respectively in ethanol; Under normal temperature and agitation condition, add Superfine Boron Powder in lead nitrate solution, and fully stir it is dispersed in solution; Drip sodium hydroxide solution to mixing in suspension liquid, it is fully reacted, and product is filtered, wash respectively 3 times with deionized water and ethanol, 60 ℃ of vacuum-drying 2h, 200 ℃ of calcining 2h, products therefrom are the boron fuel of the Nanometer sized lead oxide coating modification of this patent; And the modification boron fuel that will prepare is prepared as priming charge and delay powder test powder column according to aforesaid formula and technique.
Material physicochemical property and medicament combustionproperty that the Nanometer sized lead oxide of the present embodiment preparation coats the boron fuel of modification all detect analysis according to the instrument shown in table 2 and method, and every detected result is as shown in table 3.
The modification boron fuel of embodiment 2 precipitator method preparations
Take the mass ratio of target product quality 2.23g(boron and plumbous oxide as 50:50) be the example metering, needed various starting material consumptions are: lead nitrate 1.655g, sodium hydroxide 0.6g, Superfine Boron Powder 1.115g (boron powder footpath 5.07 μ m), ethanol 200ml.Accurate quantitative lead nitrate and the sodium hydroxide of weighing, and be dissolved in respectively in ethanol; Under normal temperature and agitation condition, add Superfine Boron Powder in lead nitrate solution, and fully stir it is dispersed in solution; Drip sodium hydroxide solution to mixing in suspension liquid, it is fully reacted, and product is filtered, wash respectively 3 times with deionized water and ethanol, 60 ℃ of vacuum-drying 2h, 200 ℃ of calcining 2h, products therefrom are the boron fuel of the Nanometer sized lead oxide coating modification of this patent; And the modification boron fuel that will prepare is prepared as priming charge and delay powder test powder column according to aforesaid formula and technique.
Material physicochemical property and medicament combustionproperty that the Nanometer sized lead oxide of the present embodiment preparation coats the boron fuel of modification all detect analysis according to the instrument shown in table 2 and method, and every detected result is as shown in table 3.
The modification boron fuel of embodiment 3 precipitator method preparations
Take the mass ratio of target product quality 2.788g(boron and plumbous oxide as 60:40) be the example metering, needed various starting material consumptions are: lead nitrate 1.655g, sodium hydroxide 0.6g, Superfine Boron Powder 1.673g (boron powder footpath 5.3 μ m), ethanol 200ml.Accurate quantitative lead nitrate and the sodium hydroxide of weighing, and be dissolved in respectively in ethanol; Under normal temperature and agitation condition, add Superfine Boron Powder in lead nitrate solution, and fully stir it is dispersed in solution; Drip sodium hydroxide solution to mixing in suspension liquid, it is fully reacted, and product is filtered, wash respectively 3 times with deionized water and ethanol, 60 ℃ of vacuum-drying 2h, 200 ℃ of calcining 2h, products therefrom are the boron fuel of the Nanometer sized lead oxide coating modification of this patent; And the modification boron fuel that will prepare is prepared as priming charge and delay powder test powder column according to aforesaid formula and technique.
Material physicochemical property and medicament combustionproperty that the Nanometer sized lead oxide of the present embodiment preparation coats the boron fuel of modification all detect analysis according to the instrument shown in table 2 and method, and every detected result is as shown in table 3.
The modification boron fuel of embodiment 4 solid-phase synthesis preparations
Take the mass ratio of target product quality 1.593g(boron and plumbous oxide as 30:70) be the example metering, needed various starting material consumptions are: lead nitrate 1.655g, sodium hydroxide 0.6g, Superfine Boron Powder 0.478g (boron powder footpath 5.07 μ m).Accurate quantitative lead nitrate and the sodium hydroxide of weighing, and solid is evenly mixed; Then put into agate mortar with flaky sodium hydrate and fully grind, with deionized water and ethanol, wash respectively 5 times, 60 ℃ of vacuum-drying 2h, 200 ℃ of calcining 2h, products therefrom are the boron fuel of the Nanometer sized lead oxide coating modification of this patent; And the modification boron fuel that will prepare is prepared as priming charge and delay powder test powder column according to aforesaid formula and technique.
Material physicochemical property and medicament combustionproperty that the Nanometer sized lead oxide of the present embodiment preparation coats the boron fuel of modification all detect analysis according to the instrument shown in table 2 and method, and every detected result is as shown in table 3.
The pure boron fuel of Comparative Examples 1
This Comparative Examples adopts the matrix boron particles in above each embodiment to contrast Nanometer sized lead oxide and coats the boron particles of modification, according to aforesaid formula and technique, is prepared as priming charge and delay powder test powder column; The material physicochemical property of matrix boron particles and medicament combustionproperty all detect analysis according to the instrument shown in table 2 and method, and every detected result is as shown in table 3.
The mechanical mixture of Comparative Examples 2 boron and plumbous oxide
The matrix boron particles of the identical stoichiometric ratio in the above embodiment 2 of this Comparative Examples employing and the mechanical mixture of conventional plumbous oxide (300 order) contrast Nanometer sized lead oxide and coat the boron particles of modification, be prepared as priming charge and delay powder test powder column according to aforesaid formula and technique, its starting material physicochemical property and medicament combustionproperty all detect analysis according to the instrument shown in table 2 and method, and every detected result is as shown in table 3.
The physicochemical property of table 3 boron and modification boron fuel and combustionproperty
As can be seen from the above table, the prepared modification boron fuel median size 5.37 μ m of the present invention～5.72 μ m, the mass ratio 30:70～60:40 of matrix boron and Nanometer sized lead oxide, reduced ignition temperature, 420～475 ℃ of flare point, perfect combustion heat 4.294～5.632kJg
-1After joining in priming charge and defering medicine prescription, obviously improved temperature of combustion, thermal discharge and the combustionvelocity of fiery explosive, compatible good.
Claims (7)
1. the modification boron fuel that coats of a Nanometer sized lead oxide, its component and quality percentage composition are:
Superfine Boron Powder 30～60,
Nanometer sized lead oxide 70～40.
2. the modification boron fuel that coats of Nanometer sized lead oxide according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the quality percentage composition of described Nanometer sized lead oxide is 60～40.
3. the modification boron fuel that coats of Nanometer sized lead oxide according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the quality percentage composition of described Nanometer sized lead oxide is 50.
4. the modification boron fuel that coats of Nanometer sized lead oxide according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the particle diameter of described Superfine Boron Powder is 4.9～5.3 μ m;
5. the modification boron fuel that coats of Nanometer sized lead oxide according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the particle diameter of described Superfine Boron Powder is 5.07 μ m.
6. the preparation method of the modification boron fuel of a Nanometer sized lead oxide coating as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
61) raw material metering: by the accurate weighing raw materials lead nitrate of following reaction mechanism, Superfine Boron Powder, sodium hydroxide and ethanol,
The first step reaction: Pb
2++ 2OH
-→ Pb (OH)
2↓,
The second step reaction:
62) raw materials solution: lead nitrate is dissolved in dehydrated alcohol and forms the lead nitrate ethanolic soln according to the ratio of 1g:100ml, sodium hydroxide is dissolved in dehydrated alcohol and forms the sodium hydroxide ethanolic soln according to the ratio of 1g:80ml, standby;
63) add the boron powder: under normal temperature and agitation condition, add Superfine Boron Powder in described lead nitrate ethanolic soln, and fully stirring makes it be dispersed in formation mixing suspension liquid in solution;
64) prepare precursor: slowly drip described sodium hydroxide ethanolic soln in described mixing suspension liquid, it is fully reacted; Product is filtered, with deionized water and ethanol, wash respectively 3 times, 60 ℃ of vacuum-drying 2h, form dry precursor;
65) calcining: at 200 ℃ of calcining 2h, gained powder product is the modification boron fuel that Nanometer sized lead oxide coats with described dry precursor.
7. the preparation method of the modification boron fuel of a Nanometer sized lead oxide coating as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
71) raw material metering: by the accurate weighing raw materials lead nitrate of following reaction mechanism, Superfine Boron Powder and sodium hydroxide,
The first step reaction: Pb
2++ 2OH
-→ Pb (OH)
2↓,
The second step reaction:
72) prepare precursor: lead nitrate and Superfine Boron Powder solid are evenly mixed, then with flaky sodium hydrate, put into agate mortar and fully grind, with deionized water and ethanol, wash respectively 5 times, 60 ℃ of vacuum-drying 2h, form dry precursor;
73) calcining: at 200 ℃ of calcining 2h, gained powder product is the modification boron fuel that Nanometer sized lead oxide coats with described dry precursor.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111484384A (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2020-08-04 | 西安近代化学研究所 | Metal/carbon-coated boron-based composite fuel and preparation method thereof |
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| WO2008045101A2 (en) * | 2005-10-28 | 2008-04-17 | The Curators Of The University Of Missouri | Ordered nanoenergetic composites and synthesis method |
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2013
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3954530A (en) * | 1966-03-08 | 1976-05-04 | Ministry Of Defence | Ignitable compositions comprising lead monoxide and boron |
| WO2008045101A2 (en) * | 2005-10-28 | 2008-04-17 | The Curators Of The University Of Missouri | Ordered nanoenergetic composites and synthesis method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111484384A (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2020-08-04 | 西安近代化学研究所 | Metal/carbon-coated boron-based composite fuel and preparation method thereof |
| CN111484384B (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2021-07-27 | 西安近代化学研究所 | Metal/carbon-coated boron-based composite fuel and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20131120 |