CN103394592B - For the method for superplastic formation - Google Patents
For the method for superplastic formation Download PDFInfo
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- CN103394592B CN103394592B CN201310322739.XA CN201310322739A CN103394592B CN 103394592 B CN103394592 B CN 103394592B CN 201310322739 A CN201310322739 A CN 201310322739A CN 103394592 B CN103394592 B CN 103394592B
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of mould for superplastic formation and method.Wherein, the mould for superplastic formation comprises: patrix, patrix is arranged the preformed die cavity with drift, for preformed; And counterdie, counterdie is concaved with shaping mold cavity, shaping mold cavity is corresponding with preformed die cavity, when closing to make counterdie and patrix, shaping mold cavity and preformed die cavity form enclosure space, and, upper die and lower die are respectively arranged with enterprising pore and lower air admission hole, and enterprising pore and lower air admission hole all communicate with enclosure space.Utilize the mould for superplastic formation of the present invention, punch forming and superplastic formation two kinds of techniques can not only be carried out at same mould, and punch forming, preform and three steps that are shaped can complete at same mould, thus creatively combine the advantage of two kinds of techniques, both shortcomings are cancelled each other, not only can Quick-forming, and effectively can control the thickness of product, decrease superplastic forming to the requirement of raw material superplasticity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to manufacturing technology field, in particular to a kind of mould for superplastic formation and method.
Background technology
Superplastic forming technology, especially superplastic gas-bulging forming technique be one more novel, first and then immature technology, there is performance good, precision is high, operation is simple, the advantage such as easy to operate, the energy and equipment is also a saving while guarantee product quality, but existing superplastic forming technology also exists two significant drawback, a problem is that forming speed is slow, general slower than traditional handicraft several times to tens times, deal with need of production much more extremely equipment and the place of a large amount of even flood tide, therefore, the market orientation of superplastic forming generally fixes on middle low-yield products, and be positioned at middle and high end, pursue on the product of details, another problem is that formed product thickness is inconsistent, and the product of especially shaping labyrinth, product is very easy to break.Became uneven can produce two problems: 1. the mechanical property affecting formed product; 2. affect the yield rate of product, waste raw material, cause preparation cost to raise.Due to the particular advantage of superplastic forming, add in industry the effective processing gimmick always lacked such as box-like metal product, market is more and more large to surpassing the demand of moulding box-like one-tenth product, purposes mostly is housing, but thickness is unequal and speed of production all can be had a greatly reduced quality for its feasibility slowly, more contradiction is, conventional punch does not reach the effect of the thicker position of draw ratio in advance to complicated formed product, even thinner place is drawn thinner, be unfavorable for the performance of formed product, even make product break when gas expansion forming.
Therefore, current superplastic forming technology is further improved.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to one of solve the problems of the technologies described above at least to a certain extent.For this reason, the object of the invention is to propose a kind of mould for superplastic formation and method.
In one aspect of the invention, the present invention proposes a kind of mould for superplastic formation.According to the embodiment of the present invention, described mould comprises: patrix, described patrix is arranged the preformed die cavity with drift, for preformed; And counterdie, described counterdie is concaved with shaping mold cavity, described shaping mold cavity is corresponding with described preformed die cavity, when closing to make described counterdie and described patrix, described shaping mold cavity and described preformed die cavity form enclosure space, and, described patrix and described counterdie are respectively arranged with enterprising pore and lower air admission hole, and described enterprising pore and described lower air admission hole communicate with described enclosure space.
Utilize the mould for superplastic formation according to the embodiment of the present invention, punch forming and superplastic formation two kinds of techniques can not only be carried out at same mould, and punch forming, preform and three steps that are shaped can complete at same mould, thus creatively combine the advantage of two kinds of techniques, both shortcomings are cancelled each other, not only can Quick-forming, and effectively can control the minimal thickness of product, decrease superplastic forming to the superplastic requirement of raw material, be applicable to industrialization, large-scale production, there is wide application space and huge market popularization value.Use and carry out shapingly being divided into three key steps, the first step according to the mould for superplastic formation of the embodiment of the present invention: counterdie and patrix is closed forms enclosure space, raw material carry out punch forming in the punching press condition of drift, to obtain punch forming workpiece; Second step, after completing punch forming, inputs the gas of certain air pressure from lower air admission hole to enclosure space, punch forming workpiece is stretched, until paste mould completely, to obtain pre-formed workpieces to preformed die cavity; 3rd step, after completing preformed, inputs the gas of certain air pressure, pre-formed workpieces is stretched to shaping mold cavity from enterprising pore to enclosure space, until paste mould completely, to obtain shaping workpiece, then utilize the ejecting mechanism depanning of mould, can obtain shaped article.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the above-mentioned mould for superplastic formation can also have following additional technical feature:
According to one embodiment of present invention, described preformed die cavity have annular groove, spherical, oval spherical, fan-shaped, waveform, the shape of a saddle and square at least one preformed configuration.Thus, when being shaped, due to the existence of preformed configuration, raw material can heave difform bubble according to design, to heave lower thickness after bubble, two positive roles can be played: (1). when the thin place of raw material is shaped, required strength is little, can more preferably be out of shape and thinning when being shaped, if the more difficult thinning position of Forming Workpiece is dropped on by perfect condition in this position, further raw material can be used the position needed; (2). based on Mechanics Vector analysis; the position that during gas expansion forming, bubble heaved by raw material can be inclined to and shakeout; what therefore can utilize the bubble heaved shakeouts the desirable position be inclined to and pushed to thickness protection zone design in advance; help the corner thickness protection zone of sheet material being dropped on final workpiece; thus the problem such as other positions of corner Thickness Ratio of soluble such as box-like workpiece are thin; make the thin and thick of product even, mechanical performance is better.
According to one embodiment of present invention, described drift is the drift with preform constructions.Thus, drift can have shaping mold cavity, further can the product of molding structure complexity, makes the kind of preparing product abundanter, increases selling point, thus make the scope of application of mould of the present invention more extensive.
And/or the presumptive area of described punch head surface caves inward or outwardly.Thus, can shaping multiple types, different structure product, meet the different needs.
And/or the precalculated position of described mould is provided with graphite.Thus, graphite can fill up any small space under the pressure of hydraulic press, and at high temperature can not melt or decompose, and can keep envelope gas effect for a long time, envelope gas effect is ideal, produces hole when being conducive to suppressing shaping.
And/or described patrix and described counterdie are connected to heating plate and lower heating plate, described upper heating plate and described lower heating plate are connected to thermal insulation board and lower thermal insulation board.Thus, can, according to the actual requirements to mold heated, mould be enable to keep rational forming temperature.
Further, temperature control system and pneumatic control system can also be applied on above-mentioned mould.
In another aspect of the present invention, the present invention proposes a kind of method for superplastic formation.According to embodiments of the invention, described method comprises: punch forming, to carry out the punch forming of the first step to raw material, obtains punch forming workpiece; Preformed, so that the preformed described punch forming workpiece being carried out to second step, obtains pre-formed workpieces; And shaping, to carry out the shaping of the 3rd step to described pre-formed workpieces, obtain shaped article, and, described punch forming, described preformed and described in be molded in same mould and complete.
Utilize the method for superplastic formation according to the embodiment of the present invention; punch forming and superplastic formation two kinds of techniques can be carried out at same mould; punch forming, preform and shaping three steps can complete at same mould; thus ideally combine the advantage of two kinds of techniques; both shortcomings are cancelled each other; not only can Quick-forming; and effectively can control the minimal thickness of product; decrease superplastic forming to the superplastic requirement of raw material; be applicable to industrialization, large-scale production, there is wide application space and huge market popularization value.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the above-mentioned method for superplastic formation can also have following additional technical feature:
According to one embodiment of present invention, described punch forming is heat stamping and shaping.Thus, avoid the problems such as the such as dimension overproof that resilience causes, make shaping product surface quality out good.
According to one embodiment of present invention, described mould is the mould according to above embodiment, before for the feature and advantage described by the mould for superplastic formation, also be natch suitable for the method, repeat no more.
According to one embodiment of present invention, in the described drift of described mould, carry out described punch forming, in the described preformed die cavity of described mould, carry out described preformed, carry out described shaping in the described shaping mold cavity of described mould.Thus, three process is put into same mould to carry out, and the shaping speed of existing superplastic air bulge is significantly accelerated, therefore significantly reduces production cost, also makes superplastic forming be enough to deal with large-scale production, can also retain simultaneously superplastic forming be beneficial to.
According to one embodiment of present invention, the described counterdie of described mould and described patrix closed formation enclosure space, raw material complete punch forming in the described preform constructions of described drift, to obtain punch forming workpiece; After completing described punch forming, input the gas of certain air pressure from described lower air admission hole to described enclosure space, described punch forming workpiece is stretched to described preformed die cavity, until paste mould completely, to obtain pre-formed workpieces; After completing preformed, input the gas of certain air pressure from described enterprising pore to described enclosure space, described pre-formed workpieces is stretched to described shaping mold cavity, until paste mould completely, to obtain shaping workpiece, then utilize the ejecting mechanism depanning of mould, to obtain shaped article.
According to one embodiment of present invention, described mould is the mould designed by Computerized three-dimensional simulation optimization.
Following advantages can be realized one of at least according to an embodiment of the invention for the mould of superplastic formation and method:
1, according to an embodiment of the invention for mould and the method for superplastic formation, compared with traditional stamping technology, can be shaping more complicated or have the box-like product of interior button, and compare than the technology of gas expansion forming after existing first punching press, can be shaped more complicated product, such as can mold the minimum wedge angle equaling R0.5, and shaping yield rate is high;
2, according to an embodiment of the invention for mould and the method for superplastic formation, due to the fast advantage of the speed that make use of punching press, add and utilize preformed design, avoid and significantly stretch, and three-procedure is put into same mould to carry out, the shaping speed of existing superplastic air bulge is significantly accelerated, therefore significantly reduces production cost, also make superplastic forming be enough to deal with large-scale production, retain again simultaneously superplastic forming be beneficial to;
3, according to an embodiment of the invention for mould and the method for superplastic formation, compare with the technology of gas expansion forming after simple superplastic air bulge and first punching press, increase substantially the thickness average degree of shaped article, improvement amplitude is that all preformed schemes of prior art all can not be compared;
4, according to an embodiment of the invention for mould and the method for superplastic formation, owing to improve shaped article entirety, the particularly thickness average degree of product corner, such as can ensure the thickness still keeping thinnest part minimum when product has the shaping wedge angle of difficulty as R0.5 for thickness 50%, improve the forming property of box-like shaped article, avoiding product to break too early and the problem causing percent defective high, substantially increasing the physical property of product, as avoided corner place because colliding with distortion simultaneously;
5, according to an embodiment of the invention for mould and the method for superplastic formation, owing to combining inflatable preformed and punching press preformed two kinds of technology, the design freedom of preformed scheme is very big, can distribute, design suitable preformed scheme according to the actual needs of final drip molding and thickness; Conversely, because preformed design freedom rises, product shaping performance rises, and also significantly improves than existing superplastic formation the free degree of product design;
6, according to an embodiment of the invention for mould and the method for superplastic formation, as as described in above 5, the present invention makes super molding technology further, have the shaping free degree that existing metal forming process (comprising punching press, superplastic forming, extrusion molding etc.) is incomparable, the design freedom of designer can be allowed to increase, produce unprecedented new product;
7, according to an embodiment of the invention for mould and the method for superplastic formation, the material resilience that shaped article precision is high, do not have common metal forming technique, and surface quality is good, therefore can be applied on the high product of required precision, as electronic product casing, vehicles shell, engineering structure part, furniture etc.;
8, according to an embodiment of the invention for mould and the method for superplastic formation, preparation technology is simple, shaping speed is fast, cost is low, yield rate is high, be suitable for industrialized mass, quantification for superplastic air bulge is produced and is created advantage, is conducive to the development and the application that promote superplastic forming technology.
Additional aspect of the present invention and advantage will part provide in the following description, and part will become obvious from the following description, or be recognized by practice of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Above-mentioned and/or additional aspect of the present invention and advantage will become obvious and easy understand from accompanying drawing below combining to the description of embodiment, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the shaping schematic view of a superplastic air bulge of the prior art;
Fig. 2 is the shaping schematic view of another one superplastic air bulge of the prior art;
Fig. 3 is according to an embodiment of the invention for the structural representation of the mould of superplastic formation;
Fig. 4 is according to an embodiment of the invention for the schematic flow sheet of the method for superplastic formation.
Reference numeral:
Patrix 1, counterdie 2, drift 3, enterprising pore 4, lower air admission hole 5, upper heating plate 6, lower heating plate 7, upper thermal insulation board 8, lower thermal insulation board 9.
Detailed description of the invention
Be described below in detail embodiments of the invention, the example of described embodiment is shown in the drawings, and wherein same or similar label represents same or similar assembly or has assembly that is identical or similar functions from start to finish.Being exemplary below by the embodiment be described with reference to the drawings, only for explaining the present invention, and can not limitation of the present invention being interpreted as.
In describing the invention, it will be appreciated that, term " thickness ", " on ", D score, "left", "right" " wait the orientation of instruction or position relationship for based on orientation shown in the drawings or position relationship; to be only the present invention for convenience of description and simplified characterization; instead of the device of instruction or hint indication or assembly must have specific orientation, with specific azimuth configuration and operation, therefore can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.Term " first ", " second " only for describing object, and can not be interpreted as instruction or hint relative importance or imply the quantity indicating indicated technical characteristic.Thus, be limited with " first ", the feature of " second " can express or impliedly comprise one or more these features.In describing the invention, the implication of " multiple " is two or more, unless otherwise expressly limited specifically.In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the term such as term " installation ", " being connected ", " connection ", " fixing " should be interpreted broadly, and such as, can be fixedly connected with, also can be removably connect, or connect integratedly; Can be mechanical connection, also can be electrical connection; Can be directly be connected, also indirectly can be connected by intermediary, can be the connection of two component internal.For the ordinary skill in the art, above-mentioned term concrete meaning in the present invention can be understood as the case may be.
The present invention completes based on the following discovery of inventor:
There is technical problem underlying in existing superplastic forming technology is: 1, punch forming, preform and shaping three process separately carry out often, generally first adopt punching press sheet material to be become the stamping parts close with final workpiece shapes in advance, and then the part of the details that is shaped with superplastic air bulge technology, if but workpiece shapes is complicated, conventional ones technology cannot make shape and finally close performing member, and extends curring time, causes the shaping percent defective of workpiece to increase, 2, the material of easy weakened section first retains by existing preform technique purely, because only retain very possible because pasting mould too early in protection zone in advance, the material now only leaving sub-fraction can stretched minimum fillet, be difficult to the product of molding structure complexity, product mechanical performance also can be caused to decline and the problem such as in uneven thickness, be shaped box-like workpiece for exemplifying out two examples with superplastic gas-bulging forming technique of the prior art at this, example 1: with reference to figure 1, sheet material to be shaped downwards (Article 1 line with a hemispheric form at the beginning, from top to bottom, lower same), when sheet material first time contact die surface (Article 2 line), two surfaces can produce friction, restriction even prevents sheet material from continuing flowing, distortion after not participating in, along with continuous shaping, sheet material is pasted dead area more and more large (Article 3 line) by mould, more the shaping in later stage can be fewer for the material stretched, so that to arrive last, the wedge angle that difficulty is the highest will go stretching to form by the very little sheet material of area, wherein serious with four of box corner problems, example 2: with reference to figure 2, a small amount of part of can only not paste the raw material A of mould yet by both sides at two corner locations stretches out, and cause molding time long, thickness of workpiece is excessively thin, easily breaks.Thus, there is no the mould that can effectively solve the problems of the technologies described above and method in fact at present.The present inventor is surprised to find, and by technical scheme of the present invention, effectively can solve technical problem as escribed above of the prior art.In conjunction with above-described summary of the invention and with lower part, the feature and advantage of technical solution of the present invention will be described in greater detail.
It should be noted that, above-mentioned " discovery " be all the present inventor after having paid a large amount of arduous labor, unexpected to obtain.
In one aspect of the invention, the present invention proposes a kind of mould for superplastic formation.According to the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 3, this mould comprises: patrix 1 and counterdie 2, patrix 1 arranges drift 3 in preformed die cavity, preformed die cavity is used for carrying out preformed to raw material, preforming mould cavity configuration can be selected from annular groove, spherical, oval spherical, fan-shaped, waveform, the shape of a saddle and square, shape and the structure of drift 3 are not particularly limited, preferably, by arranging preform constructions at drift 3, the presumptive area of such as punch head surface caves inward or outwardly, the preform constructions of drift 3 may be used for carrying out stamping to raw material, counterdie 2 end face is concaved with shaping mold cavity, this shaping mold cavity is corresponding with preformed die cavity, when closing to make patrix 1 and counterdie 2, shaping mold cavity and preformed die cavity form enclosure space, and, patrix 1 and counterdie 2 are respectively arranged with enterprising pore 4 and lower air admission hole 5, can input certain pressure gas by enterprising pore 4 and lower air admission hole 5 to enclosure space.In use, be shapingly divided into three key steps, the first step is punch forming: patrix 1 and counterdie 2 is closed forms enclosure space, and first raw material carry out punch forming in the punching press condition of drift 3, obtain punch forming workpiece; Second step is preformed, inputs the gas of certain air pressure from lower air admission hole 5 to enclosure space, and punch forming workpiece is stretched to preformed die cavity, until paste mould completely, obtains pre-formed workpieces; 3rd step is shaping, inputs the gas of certain air pressure, pre-formed workpieces is stretched to shaping mold cavity from enterprising pore 4 to enclosure space, until paste mould completely, to obtain shaping workpiece, then utilizes the ejecting mechanism depanning of mould, can obtain shaped article.Certainly, person skilled also can use for reference other shaping means of prior art, repeats no more.
In the prior art, drift 3 only has substantially simple shape, although or drift 3 have details, but be directly as final workpiece shapes, therefore only preformed is limited in very simply in shape, lacks the treatment of details to performing member, so there is no preformed effect to give full play of.And in the present invention, drift 3 is made itself to have some details, by arranging preform constructions at drift 3, the such as presumptive area on drift 3 surface caves inward or outwardly, and by punch forming as just shaping step, perfect preformed means, thus make the design freedom of product to greatly improving, such as more shapingly can have the product etc. of pattern, word.
The present inventor finds; owing to needing the thickness protecting some ad-hoc location of raw material; raw material are allowed to contact drift 3 ahead of time when first step punch forming and second step preform; and close to the final form of the 3rd step after second step preform; raw material can be filled directly to difficult shaping position, the shape of drift 3 and structure have to pass through and calculate in detail and appropriate design.In view of this; the present invention is when Design and manufacture drift 3; first computer three-dimensional artificial software designs the shape and structure that raw-material thickness protection zone can be pushed to as the second step pre-formed workpieces in the precalculated positions such as four limits and four corners in advance; and then reverse engineer goes out shape and the structure of stamping the used drift 3 of the first step, finally drift 3 prepared by combining with digital control lathe again.
Further, can also improve above-mentioned mould, such as according to some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in Figure 3, patrix 1 and counterdie 2 are connected to heating plate 6 and lower heating plate 7, upper heating plate 6 and lower heating plate 7 are connected to thermal insulation board 8 and lower thermal insulation board 9, thus enable mould obtain desirable forming temperature.
In the present invention, the present inventor creatively applies graphite in a mold, in the precalculated position of mould, graphite is set, preferred employing resistance to elevated temperatures can reach the graphite of 1000 degrees Celsius, graphite can fill up any small space under the pressure of hydraulic press, and at high temperature can not melt or decompose, and can keep envelope gas effect for a long time, envelope gas effect is ideal, produces hole when being conducive to suppressing shaping.
In another aspect of the present invention, the present invention proposes a kind of method for superplastic formation.With reference to figure 4, according to embodiments of the invention, the method for superplastic formation can comprise the following steps:
S1: punch forming
In this step, punch forming workpiece can be obtained by carrying out punch forming S1 to raw material.
When utilization forms according to the method for superplastic formation of the embodiment of the present invention, kind and the structure of mould therefor are not particularly limited.Such as according to some embodiments of the present invention, mould therefor is the mould described in above embodiment, with reference to figure 3 and Fig. 4, during punch forming S1, patrix 1 and the closed formation enclosure space of counterdie 2, drift 3 now forms preformed die cavity, and first raw material carry out punch forming in the punching press condition of drift 3, obtains punch forming workpiece.In addition, before for the feature and advantage described by the mould for superplastic formation, also be natch suitable for the method, repeat no more.
The present inventor finds under study for action, and because metal stretching action is long more a lot of for actuation time than bending class, the molding time of a workpiece decided primarily of total time stretched.In view of this, the present invention disassembles as punch forming by shaping, preform and three steps that are shaped, and forming surface curve is through optimizing, the shaping curved surface of such as drift is in advance through optimal design, highly difficult wedge angle position is directly filled with the sheet material prebended, thus make the extensibility of carrying out required for each step significantly reduce (three steps add up total amount of tension also significantly reduce), add fireballing punching press the general shape of workpiece is shaped out, therefore technical scheme of the present invention can obtain the effect of significantly shortening forming time.
S2: preformed
In this step, preformed S2 is carried out to the punch forming workpiece obtained in step S1, can pre-formed workpieces be obtained, and punch forming S1 and preformed S2 must complete in same mould.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, with reference to figure 3 and Fig. 4, after completing punch forming S1, input the gas of certain air pressure from lower air admission hole 5 to enclosure space, punch forming workpiece is stretched, until paste mould completely, to obtain pre-formed workpieces to preformed die cavity.Person skilled also can use for reference other shaping means of prior art, repeats no more.
The present inventor finds under study for action, and the profile design of second step preformed S2 has two main points: 1. close with shape, the i.e. net shape of the 3rd one-step forming S3 (referring to the following stated); 2. position that can not be thinning when the 3rd one-step forming S3 will be drawn thin in advance, can will protect in advance thinning position.The technological means of the protection material stock thickness that the present invention adopts is: 1. allow raw-material protection point contact drift at first when first step heat stamping and shaping S1; 2. allow raw-material protection point contact preformed die cavity (being actually drift) at first when second step preformed S2 (i.e. gas expansion forming).
S3: shaping
In this step, shaping S3 is carried out to the pre-formed workpieces obtained in step S2, can shaped article be obtained, and punch forming S1, preformed S2 and shaping S3 must complete in same mould.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, with reference to figure 3 and Fig. 4, after preformed S2, the gas of certain air pressure is inputted from enterprising pore 4 to enclosure space, pre-formed workpieces is stretched, until paste mould completely, to obtain shaping workpiece to shaping mold cavity, then utilize the ejecting mechanism depanning of mould, can shaped article be obtained.Certainly, person skilled also can use for reference other shaping means of prior art, repeats no more.
The present inventor finds under study for action, due to the workpiece movable direction of the 3rd step shaping S3 and final workpiece thickness so that can no in forming process foldover or paste mould too early and have decisive relation, therefore in the present invention, the size and Orientation etc. of the position of mould airflow line, quantity, size, direction and air-flow all has to pass through and calculates in detail and Computerized three-dimensional emulation, can stretch with a moment making workpiece leave drift 3 with downward mold forming chamber, the path of the best.The present invention is in order to improve forming speed, ensure that thickness is even simultaneously, increase the condition of mass production, calculation optimization drift speed, gas expansion forming pressure, these three the technique inputs of gas expansion forming time must be come by parameters such as the complexity of raw material superplasticity, raw-material physical property, Forming Workpiece, the dimension scale of Forming Workpiece, the size of Forming Workpiece and thickness requirements.Certainly, person skilled also can use for reference the available means of prior art, repeats no more.
In the present invention, the design of mould and technology of preparing means are not particularly limited.Such as according to a particular embodiment of the invention, mould is the mould by finite element modelling optimal design, the structure of mould preform die cavity is by finite element modelling optimal design, then digital control processing forms, the amount realized final products are required when being shaped is out preshaped, and preformed structure is intended to the uniformity improving product.
In order to elaborate technical scheme of the present invention further, below by specific embodiment, the present invention will be described, it should be noted that these embodiments are only used to illustration purpose, and can not be construed to limitation of the present invention by any way.In addition, in the examples below that if not otherwise specified, then adopted equipment and material are commercially available.
Embodiment 1
Set forth design and preparation mould as shown in Figure 3 below.
With reference to figure 3 and Fig. 4; first Computerized three-dimensional simulation software is used to design shape and the structure that raw-material thickness protection zone can be pushed to the pre-formed workpieces (being prepared from through S1 and S2) of the second step preformed S2 of four limits and four corners in advance; and then reverse engineer goes out shape and the structure of the drift 3 that first step punch forming S1 and second step preform S2 uses, finally mould prepared by combining with digital control lathe again.
Embodiment 2
Set forth below, utilize mould described in embodiment 1, with the trade mark 5083 aluminum alloy plate materials for the moulding process of notebook computer shell prepared by raw material.
With reference to figure 3 and Fig. 4, first the trade mark 5083 aluminum alloy plate materials is sprayed aqua boron nitride, then 500 degrees Celsius are preheating to, by the effect of hydraulic press, patrix 1 and counterdie 2 closing seam, with the drift 3 pushing the back down material of patrix 1, sheet material is compressed into the shaping mold cavity of counterdie 2, carry out first step punch forming S1, then the positive air pressure of 0.1 ~ 1MPa is applied by lower air admission hole 5, simultaneously can apply a back pressure less than positive air pressure to suppress hole by enterprising pore 4 in the other direction, pressurize 1 ~ 5 minute, sheet material is out of shape gradually, preform die cavity that is final and patrix 2 is fitted, form preformed workpiece, the positive air pressure of 0.1 ~ 4MPa is applied afterwards by enterprising pore 4, equally applying a back pressure less than malleation to suppress Voiding by lower air admission hole 5 in the other direction, pressurize 5 ~ 40 minutes, form shaping workpiece, then die sinking, take out cooling, after machined and surface treatment final products.
Result: product thickness is even, thinnest part is about 60% thickness in thickness, and surface size is accurate, completely the same with die surface precision, meet the requirement of metal notebook computer shell completely, and the internal fastening type housing part being difficult to manufacture for general punching press there is irreplaceable superiority, meet the integrated technique requirement of electronic product, and the process time can save more than 50%.
In the description of this description, specific features, structure, material or feature that the description of reference term " embodiment ", " some embodiments ", " example ", " concrete example " or " some examples " etc. means to describe in conjunction with this embodiment or example are contained at least one embodiment of the present invention or example.In this manual, identical embodiment or example are not necessarily referred to the schematic representation of above-mentioned term.And the specific features of description, structure, material or feature can combine in an appropriate manner in any one or more embodiment or example.
Although illustrate and describe embodiments of the invention above, be understandable that, above-described embodiment is exemplary, can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art can change above-described embodiment within the scope of the invention when not departing from principle of the present invention and aim, revising, replacing and modification.
Claims (3)
1. for a method for superplastic formation, it is characterized in that, described method comprises:
Punch forming, so that punch forming raw material being carried out to the first step, obtains punch forming workpiece;
Preformed, so that the preformed described punch forming workpiece being carried out to second step, obtains pre-formed workpieces; And shaping, to carry out the shaping of the 3rd step to described pre-formed workpieces, obtain shaped article,
Further,
Described punch forming, described preformed and described in be molded in same mould and complete;
Described mould comprises:
Patrix, described patrix is arranged the preformed die cavity with drift, for preformed
;and
Counterdie, described counterdie is concaved with shaping mold cavity, and described shaping mold cavity is corresponding with described preformed die cavity, and when closing to make described counterdie and described patrix, described shaping mold cavity and described preformed die cavity form enclosure space,
Further,
Described patrix and described counterdie are respectively arranged with enterprising pore and lower air admission hole, and described enterprising pore and described lower air admission hole all communicate with described enclosure space;
Described preformed die cavity have annular groove, spherical, oval spherical, fan-shaped, waveform, the shape of a saddle and square at least one structure;
Described drift is the drift with preform constructions;
The presumptive area of described punch head surface caves inward or outwardly;
And/or the precalculated position of described mould is provided with graphite;
And/or described patrix is connected with heating plate, described counterdie is connected with lower heating plate, and described upper heating plate is connected with thermal insulation board, and described lower heating plate is connected with lower thermal insulation board,
In the described drift of described mould, carry out described punch forming, in the described preformed die cavity of described mould, carry out described preformed, carry out described shaping in the described shaping mold cavity of described mould.
2. the method for superplastic formation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the described counterdie of described mould and described patrix closed formation enclosure space, raw material complete punch forming in the described preform constructions of described drift, to obtain punch forming workpiece; After completing described punch forming, input the gas of certain air pressure from described lower air admission hole to described enclosure space, described punch forming workpiece is stretched to described preformed die cavity, until paste mould completely, to obtain pre-formed workpieces; After completing preformed, input the gas of certain air pressure from described enterprising pore to described enclosure space, described pre-formed workpieces is stretched to described shaping mold cavity, until paste mould completely, to obtain shaped article.
3. the method for superplastic formation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described mould is the mould designed by Computerized three-dimensional simulation optimization.
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| CN103691784A (en) * | 2013-12-24 | 2014-04-02 | 南京航空航天大学 | Method for manufacturing corrugated sandwich layer |
| CN105335568B (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2019-03-08 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of superplastic forming die design method considering thermal expansion based on finite element technique |
| CN108213213A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-06-29 | 昆山邦泰汽车零部件制造有限公司 | The hot stamping die of service life length |
| CN108188245A (en) * | 2018-03-02 | 2018-06-22 | 沈阳飞机工业（集团）有限公司 | A kind of manufacturing process of airplane intake lip superplastic forming die |
| CN109570379B (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2024-05-14 | 广东永强奥林宝国际消防汽车有限公司 | Stamping die for tank body seal head and stamping process for tank body seal head |
| CN110534765B (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2021-07-13 | 上海佑戈金属科技有限公司 | Forming method of high-precision metal bipolar plate required by fuel cell |
| CN110586731A (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2019-12-20 | 中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司 | Rapid superplastic forming method for complex aluminum alloy parts for railway vehicles |
| CN113118275A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-07-16 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Cylindrical ultra-deep aluminum alloy fender superplastic forming process method |
| CN114193103B (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2023-04-07 | 北京星航机电装备有限公司 | Preparation method of closed cabin |
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