CN103392647A - Method for scientifically and precisely breeding rice field eels - Google Patents
Method for scientifically and precisely breeding rice field eels Download PDFInfo
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- CN103392647A CN103392647A CN2013103094326A CN201310309432A CN103392647A CN 103392647 A CN103392647 A CN 103392647A CN 2013103094326 A CN2013103094326 A CN 2013103094326A CN 201310309432 A CN201310309432 A CN 201310309432A CN 103392647 A CN103392647 A CN 103392647A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for scientifically and precisely breeding rice field eels. The method is characterized in that a culture pond is arranged in the east-west direction, a length-width ratio of the culture pond is 3:2, the area of the culture pond ranges from 2000m<2> to 10000m<2>, the heights of ridges of the culture pond range from 1.8m to 2.0m, the water level of the culture pond needs to be kept stable in a range from 1.4m to 1.5m for a long term, and water inlet and drainage facilities of the pond are perfect; the pond needs to be cleaned and disinfected 10-15d before rice field eel seeds are released into the pond, water in the pond is pumped completely, whether loopholes are formed in the pond or not is checked, then the pond is cleaned by the aid of quicklime, the consumption quantity of the quicklime ranges from 1125kg/hm<2> to 2250kg/hm<2> when the depth of water in the pond ranges from 7cm to 10cm, the pond is cleaned by the aid of bleaching powder if the water in the pond cannot be completely drained, new water is filled into the pond 7d after the pond is cleaned and needs to be filtered in advance, and basic fertilizers are applied after the water is filled into the pond. The water is cultivated by a process including that organic fertilizers such as chicken manure and pig manure are stacked at four corners of the pond, consumption of the organic fertilizers ranges from 2250kg/hm<2> to 3000kg/hm<2>, and the rice field eels can be bred in the pond 5-7d after the fertilizers are applied. The method has the advantages that fast growth of the rice field eels can be promoted by means of adding the compound microbial fertilizers, the EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) content is increased, rice field eel diseases are reduced, the quantity of shrimps which die of diseases is reduced, beneficial microorganisms in the water are increased, and both the final quality and the quality are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for aquaculture, especially a kind of non-nuisance swamp eel method.
Background technology
Swamp eel, belong to Cypriniformes, and Cobitidae, be small-sized economic fish, belongs to temperate water fishes, and the growth water temperature is 15 ~ 30 ℃, and optimum water temperature is 22 ~ 28 ℃, and water temperature pierces in mud higher than 32 ℃, and water temperature slips into hibernation in mud lower than 7 ℃.Loach can not only be used gill respiration, can also utilize skin and intestines to breathe, and strong to adaptive capacity to environment, hypoxia-bearing capability is stronger.Usually live in water-bed layer, the custom of sludge is arranged, like neutral and slightly acidic cohesive soil.Swamp eel is ominivore-fish, and that often ingests has a microorganism in water flea, silk earthworm, pasture and water and water, commonly usedly stacks that the methods such as chicken manure, cow dung, pig manure are bred bait or the artificial pellet of throwing something and feeding is fed swamp eel.Monopterus Albus Feeding is much more general between the lights and night, and as at egg-laying period and growth animated period, also ingest daytime, and the swamp eel in egg-laying period food ration than usual increases, and female swamp eel ingests many than realgar eel.General 2 rheological properties of swamp eel are ripe, can repeatedly lay eggs in 1 year, and the egg-laying period is 4 ℃ of Augusts, and wherein are egg production peak times 5 ℃ of June, the weak stickiness of fertilized egg tool.Swamp eel be a kind of widely distributed, adaptability is very strong, the Small Freshwater Fishes not high to requirement for environmental conditions, is one of important aquatic products of China's foreign trade outlet.Swamp eel because of its strong adaptability, disease is few, survival rate is high, and fertility is strong, convenient transportation, bait are easy to get, and has become important aquaculture kind, the cultivation prospect is very wide.The pond culture swamp eel is to adopt at present more a kind of breeding way, and unit yield is high, and the technical operation level requires also high, and general output can reach 23 ~ 36t/hm
2Existing single type fish guano and compound fish guano also have a common shortcoming, and that can not be killed harmful bacteria, worm exactly, therefore, lack the effectively effect of control of fish disease.Can increase the content of beneficial bacterium in fishpond by the compound fish guano of microorganism, effectively reduce the generation of fish diseases, also not report about being exclusively used in this complex microorganism fish guano at present.
Summary of the invention
One of purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
1. science Precision feeding swamp eel method comprises the following steps:
1) select to have abundant water resources, irrigation and drainage are convenient, and water retention capacity is strong, the Heavenly Stems are not non-irrigated, and flood does not flood, and ecotope is good, pollution-free source on every side, fertile soil, the rice field of substrate natural structure, support ditch along the inboard surrounding excavation of rice field ridge annular, 2 meters dark 1 meter of furrow width, annular is supported ditch away from 2 meters of ridges, turning is curved, excavation " ten " font or " one " font field ditch between Tanaka, 0.5～1 meter of field furrow width, dark 0.5 meter; Annular ditch and field ditch area account for rice field area 5%～10%, utilize the soil of ditching to widen, increase, reinforce peripheral ridge, the wide 2--3 rice of ridge end face, exceed at least 0.8 meter, field face, ridge will be tamped, and with water-impervious or cave in, water level generally should be kept above field face 30--60 centimetre; Note anti-escaping; The drainage mouth in rice field will be set up defences and be escaped facility, and water inlet is with 20 ~ 40 purpose net sheet filtered water inlets, and discharge outlet also will surround with close net, to prevent fresh water from relieving oedema or abdominal distension through diuresis or purgation stream, flees; Will enclose and block with the close eye net sheet of 70 centimetres wide or asbestos shingle on the surrounding ridge of rice field, net sheet lower end be buried in the earth 20 centimetres, and native top is divided into 90 degree and slopes inwardly;
2) seed is put in a suitable place to breed: generally in the 9-10 month or the 3-4 month, breeding density is at 20000-30000 tail/mu, select fine weather, according to each case yellow eel specification and survive situation, eel kind specification and density in case are done suitable adjustment and supplemented, put in a suitable place to breed frontly with the sterilization of copper sulphate or 4% ~ 5% saline solution, when water temperature 10 ~ 15 is spent, embathe 20 ~ 30m in;
3) feed is prepared: described feedstuff comprises the composition of following weight ratio: silicate bacterium 0.5-0.8 part, streptococcus fecalis 1-3 part, Trichoderma 0.6-0.8 part, Rhodopseudomonas palustris 2-5 part, saccharomycete 0.3-0.5 part, fishbone dust 50-60 part, vinegar grain powder 65-70 part, waste liquid sediment 50-55 part, rice bran 40-60 part, brown sugar 12-14 part, salt 10-14 part, pig manure 80-85 part, pork slaughter house discarded object 45-55 part, pasture and water 60-65 part, calcium bicarbonate 12-16 part, urea 14-17 part, ironic citrate 1-3 part, vitaminB10 .6-0.8 part, cobalamin 0.2-0.6 part, Chinese prickly ash 20-30 part, ginkgo kind skin 20-30 part, frutus cnidii 20-30 part, azedarach 10-30 part, fruit of Rangoon creeper 15-25 part, gall nut 1-15 part, ilex pubescens 5-15 part, matrine 5-10 part, soapberry exosper 55-60 part, the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) dries pasture and water, makes its water content below 40%, and it is cut to 2-4cm, then according to described ratio, adds fishbone dust, vinegar grain powder, rice bran, brown sugar, salt, fully stirs, and mixes, (2) said mixture is fermented, described fermentation is aerobic composting fermentation, and the fermentation water accounts for the 20-30% of material gross weight, and be 50-60 hour winter oxygen supply time, and be 20-25 hour summer, and fermentation temperature is 45-60 ℃, and fermentation time is 7-10 days, (3) waste liquid sediment, pig manure, pork slaughter house discarded object are mixed according to described ratio, add saccharomycete, streptococcus fecalis to ferment, above-mentioned substance is inserted mixing corruption in pond macerate, plastic film on upper cap, carry out fermenting in advance in 3-5 days, then plastic film is thrown off, and stir, allow mixture contact oxygen, temperature gradually raises, from normal temperature to 50 ℃, keep continuing turning after 1-3 days, then be raised to 60 ℃ from 50 ℃, the retention time is 2-4 days, then cool the temperature to normal temperature, keep 6-8 days, until slaking is fully fermented complete, (4) organic mixture after step (1) and step (2) are fermented, sterilized is carried out drying, baking temperature is 45-60 ℃, and being dried to water content is 15-25%, (5) silicate bacterium, Trichoderma, Rhodopseudomonas palustris are joined in above-mentioned material according to described ratio, fully mix, stir, (6) calcium bicarbonate, urea, ironic citrate, vitamin B1, cobalamin, rheum officinale, Radix Astragali part, Divine Comedy are joined in mixture according to described ratio, fully mix, stir, (7) add Chinese prickly ash 20-30 part, ginkgo kind skin 20-30 part, frutus cnidii 20-30 part, azedarach 10-30 part, fruit of Rangoon creeper 15-25 part, gall nut 1-15 part, ilex pubescens 5-15 part, matrine 5-10 part, soapberry exosper 55-60 part above-mentioned material to be carried out low temperature drying under the condition of 18-45 ℃ afterwards, making its water content is below 10%,
4) tame and docile food: on the intensive water surface of pasture and water, 2 feed tables are set, swamp eel enters behind field does not throw in any bait in 3 d, makes it be in starvation, the feed in the 4th day step 3) that is about swamp eel body weight 1.5% that starts to throw something and feed at dusk;
5) aquaculture management: in time topdress according to the water quality girth of a garment, general every 30 ~ 40d topdresses 1 time, each 900 ~ 1125 kg/hm
2, water transparence is controlled at 15 ~ 20cm, the water colour yellow green; Throwing raises and accomplishes, fixes a point, regularly, determine matter, quantitatively, it is 5% ~ 8% of fish body weight that day in fingerling stage is thrown the amount of raising, the adult fish stage is 5% left and right, water temperature is higher than 30 ℃ and should reduce during lower than 10 ℃ and throw something and feed.During beginning, feed 1 time every day at dusk, and domestication later changes into throwing and raises daytime, and the upper and lower noon respectively throws and raises 1 time, and high temperature season should be taken shading shed on the food platform;
6) damage by disease and insect prevention and control: at 7,8,9 three months; to use quicklime and disinfectant alternately once sterilizing to be carried out in pond and net cage in every 15-20 days; while every 15 days pharmaceutical chemistry of throwing something and feeding a time; the strict sterilization diseases prevention; guarantee swamp eel seedling healthy growth, the swamp eel adaptive capacity is very strong, as long as management is proper; avoid the mechanical damage of loach body, generally seldom morbidity.Should note at ordinary times prevention, often sterilize, do a good job of it the sterilization of fish body, pond disinfection, feed table sterilization,, if the swamp eel that discovery is died of illness should in time be pulled out, with other swamp eels of protecting from infection, and in time treat: (1) saprolegniasis: loach ovum control 1m
3Water is put salt 400g and is added the solution bathing 1h of sodium bicarbonate 400g, and sick swamp eel can be embathed with 3% saline solution 5 ~ 10m in, and severe one can be embathed 5 ~ 15m in only with water mold; Red fin fish disease: external application 1 bleaching powder is splashed; Seed is put the salt water-bath wash disinfection of front application 5% in a suitable place to breed; Pharmaceutical chemistry for oral administration, with reaching the gram bacterium, orfloxacin is made bait feeding; Parasitosis: available copper sulphate and mixture of ferrous sulfate are splashed or with trichlorphon, are splashed.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) added that fish produce needed organic matter and inorganic mineral, trace element can provide comprehensive nutrition to the growth of fish;
(2) add bacillus subtilis, ferment bacterium and bacteriophagic Bdellovibrio, can kill the harmful bacteria in fishpond, suppressed the breeding growth of pathogen in water body, reduced the generation of disease, improved the yield and quality of fish.
(3) added the solid photosynthetic bacteria, the noxious materials such as nitrite in water body, sulphide of can degrading, and can restrain oneself the organic waste water of high concentration, the poisonous substances such as phenol, cyanogen are had and necessarily stand and capacity of decomposition, have stronger decomposition and inversion ability, reduce the accumulation of noxious material in the fish body.
(4) these mushrooms that add, can continue breeding in water body, enlarge survival rate, the balance of keeping microorganisms in water is had a very important role, and can regulate and adjust microecological balance in fish body enteron aisle, can also decomposer in the Harmful Residue, strengthen the fingerling premunition.
(5) the Chinese medicine sterilizing composition is little on natural enemy of fish impact, helps to keep ecotope, and is more friendly to environment, to Dactylogyrus, Trichodina desinsection better, meet nuisanceless, green production requirement.
Embodiment
Below will be described in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention; Should be appreciated that preferred embodiment only for the present invention is described, rather than in order to limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of science Precision feeding swamp eel method comprises the following steps: select to have abundant water resources, irrigation and drainage are convenient, water retention capacity is strong, and the Heavenly Stems are not non-irrigated, and flood does not flood, and ecotope is good, pollution-free source on every side, fertile soil, the rice field of substrate natural structure, support ditch, 2 meters dark 1 meter of furrow width along the inboard surrounding excavation of rice field ridge annular, annular is supported ditch away from 2 meters of ridges, and turning is curved, excavation " ten " font or " one " font field ditch between Tanaka, 0.5～1 meter of field furrow width, dark 0.5 meter.Annular ditch and field ditch area account for rice field area 5%～10%, utilize the soil of ditching to widen, increase, reinforce peripheral ridge, the wide 2--3 rice of ridge end face, exceed at least 0.8 meter, field face, ridge will be tamped, and with water-impervious or cave in, water level generally should be kept above field face 30--60 centimetre; Note anti-escaping; The drainage mouth in rice field will be set up defences and be escaped facility, and water inlet is with 20 ~ 40 purpose net sheet filtered water inlets, and discharge outlet also will surround with close net, to prevent fresh water from relieving oedema or abdominal distension through diuresis or purgation stream, flees; Will enclose and block with the close eye net sheet of 70 centimetres wide or asbestos shingle on the surrounding ridge of rice field, net sheet lower end be buried in the earth 20 centimetres, and native top is divided into 90 degree and slopes inwardly;
Seed is put in a suitable place to breed: generally in the 9-10 month or the 3-4 month, breeding density is at 20000-30000 tail/mu, select fine weather, according to each case yellow eel specification and survive situation, eel kind specification and density in case are done suitable adjustment and supplemented, put in a suitable place to breed frontly with the sterilization of copper sulphate or 4% ~ 5% saline solution, when water temperature 10 ~ 15 is spent, embathe 20 ~ 30m in;
feed is prepared: described feedstuff comprises the composition of following weight ratio: silicate bacterium 0.5-0.8 part, streptococcus fecalis 1-3 part, Trichoderma 0.6-0.8 part, Rhodopseudomonas palustris 2-5 part, saccharomycete 0.3-0.5 part, fishbone dust 50-60 part, vinegar grain powder 65-70 part, waste liquid sediment 50-55 part, rice bran 40-60 part, brown sugar 12-14 part, salt 10-14 part, pig manure 80-85 part, pork slaughter house discarded object 45-55 part, pasture and water 60-65 part, calcium bicarbonate 12-16 part, urea 14-17 part, ironic citrate 1-3 part, vitaminB10 .6-0.8 part, cobalamin 0.2-0.6 part, Chinese prickly ash 20-30 part, ginkgo kind skin 20-30 part, frutus cnidii 20-30 part, azedarach 10-30 part, fruit of Rangoon creeper 15-25 part, gall nut 1-15 part, ilex pubescens 5-15 part, matrine 5-10 part, soapberry exosper 55-60 part, the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) dries pasture and water, makes its water content below 40%, and it is cut to 2-4cm, then according to described ratio, adds fishbone dust, vinegar grain powder, rice bran, brown sugar, salt, fully stirs, and mixes, (2) said mixture is fermented, described fermentation is aerobic composting fermentation, and the fermentation water accounts for the 20-30% of material gross weight, and be 50-60 hour winter oxygen supply time, and be 20-25 hour summer, and fermentation temperature is 45-60 ℃, and fermentation time is 7-10 days, (3) waste liquid sediment, pig manure, pork slaughter house discarded object are mixed according to described ratio, add saccharomycete, streptococcus fecalis to ferment, above-mentioned substance is inserted mixing corruption in pond macerate, plastic film on upper cap, carry out fermenting in advance in 3-5 days, then plastic film is thrown off, and stir, allow mixture contact oxygen, temperature gradually raises, from normal temperature to 50 ℃, keep continuing turning after 1-3 days, then be raised to 60 ℃ from 50 ℃, the retention time is 2-4 days, then cool the temperature to normal temperature, keep 6-8 days, until slaking is fully fermented complete, (4) organic mixture after step (1) and step (2) are fermented, sterilized is carried out drying, baking temperature is 45-60 ℃, and being dried to water content is 15-25%, (5) silicate bacterium, Trichoderma, Rhodopseudomonas palustris are joined in above-mentioned material according to described ratio, fully mix, stir, (6) calcium bicarbonate, urea, ironic citrate, vitamin B1, cobalamin, rheum officinale, Radix Astragali part, Divine Comedy are joined in mixture according to described ratio, fully mix, stir, (7) add Chinese prickly ash 20-30 part, ginkgo kind skin 20-30 part, frutus cnidii 20-30 part, azedarach 10-30 part, fruit of Rangoon creeper 15-25 part, gall nut 1-15 part, ilex pubescens 5-15 part, matrine 5-10 part, soapberry exosper 55-60 part above-mentioned material to be carried out low temperature drying under the condition of 18-45 ℃ afterwards, making its water content is below 10%,
Tame and docile food: on the intensive water surface of pasture and water, 2 feed tables are set, swamp eel enters behind field does not throw in any bait in 3 d, makes it be in starvation, the feed in the 4th day step 3) that is about swamp eel body weight 1.5% that starts to throw something and feed at dusk;
Aquaculture management: in time topdress according to the water quality girth of a garment, general every 30 ~ 40d topdresses 1 time, each 900 ~ 1125 kg/hm
2, water transparence is controlled at 15 ~ 20cm, the water colour yellow green; Throwing raises and accomplishes, fixes a point, regularly, determine matter, quantitatively, it is 5% ~ 8% of fish body weight that day in fingerling stage is thrown the amount of raising, the adult fish stage is 5% left and right, water temperature is higher than 30 ℃ and should reduce during lower than 10 ℃ and throw something and feed.During beginning, feed 1 time every day at dusk, and domestication later changes into throwing and raises daytime, and the upper and lower noon respectively throws and raises 1 time, and high temperature season should be taken shading shed on the food platform;
Damage by disease and insect prevention and control: at 7,8,9 three months; to use quicklime and disinfectant alternately once sterilizing to be carried out in pond and net cage in every 15-20 days; while every 15 days pharmaceutical chemistry of throwing something and feeding a time; the strict sterilization diseases prevention; guarantee swamp eel seedling healthy growth, the swamp eel adaptive capacity is very strong, as long as management is proper; avoid the mechanical damage of loach body, generally seldom morbidity.Should note at ordinary times prevention, often sterilize, do a good job of it the sterilization of fish body, pond disinfection, feed table sterilization,, if the swamp eel that discovery is died of illness should in time be pulled out, with other swamp eels of protecting from infection, and in time treat: (1) saprolegniasis: loach ovum control 1m
3Water is put salt 400g and is added the solution bathing 1h of sodium bicarbonate 400g, and sick swamp eel can be embathed with 3% saline solution 5 ~ 10m in, and severe one can be embathed 5 ~ 15m in only with water mold; Red fin fish disease: external application 1 bleaching powder is splashed; Seed is put the salt water-bath wash disinfection of front application 5% in a suitable place to breed; Pharmaceutical chemistry for oral administration, with reaching the gram bacterium, orfloxacin is made bait feeding; Parasitosis: available copper sulphate and mixture of ferrous sulfate are splashed or with trichlorphon, are splashed.
Embodiment 2
The preparation method is with embodiment 1.
At the swamp eel juvenile stage of growth, pull out, minute to support in the middle of five ponds, 300, every pond, throw in respectively according to the injected volume of every mu of 200kg in four ponds that the microorganism swamp eel of the embodiment of the present invention 1 is fertile and common swamp eel is fertile (contrasts 1, originate from
Beijing Century AMMS Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), swamp eel fertilizer (contrast 2) is not thrown in the another one pond, but throws in the common fish food of same amount, and remaining feeding amount is identical, and culture environment is identical,, through the cultivation of 2-4 month, contrasts the upgrowth situation of its output and swamp eel, specifically as shown in Table 1 and Table 2:
The microorganism shrimp of table 1 the present invention preparation is fertile and contrast 1 relatively
 | Output increases (%) | Individual increase (%) | The fish reduction of dying of illness (%) | EPA content increment (%) |
| Embodiment 1 | 21 | 19 | 17 | 13 |
The microorganism shrimp of table 2 the present invention preparation is fertile and contrast 2 relatively
 | Output increases (%) | The fish body increases (%) | The fish reduction of dying of illness (%) | EPA content increment (%) |
| Embodiment 1 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 67 |
Contrast through table 1, table 2 can be found, adds composite microbe fertilizer of the present invention and can promote the Fast Growth of swamp eel, and EPA content increases, swamp eel class disease reduces, the shrimp that dies of illness reduces, and the beneficial microbe in water body is increased, and final quality and quality all are improved.
Claims (1)
1. science Precision feeding swamp eel method comprises the following steps:
1) prepare in rice field: select to have abundant water resources, irrigation and drainage are convenient, and water retention capacity is strong, the Heavenly Stems are not non-irrigated, and flood does not flood, and ecotope is good, pollution-free source on every side, fertile soil, the rice field of substrate natural structure, support ditch along the inboard surrounding excavation of rice field ridge annular, 2 meters dark 1 meter of furrow width, annular is supported ditch away from 2 meters of ridges, turning is curved, excavation " ten " font or " one " font field ditch between Tanaka, 0.5～1 meter of field furrow width, dark 0.5 meter;
Annular ditch and field ditch area account for rice field area 5%～10%, utilize the soil of ditching to widen, increase, reinforce peripheral ridge, the wide 2--3 rice of ridge end face, exceed at least 0.8 meter, field face, ridge will be tamped, and with water-impervious or cave in, water level generally should be kept above field face 30--60 centimetre; Note anti-escaping; The drainage mouth in rice field will be set up defences and be escaped facility, and water inlet is with 20 ~ 40 purpose net sheet filtered water inlets, and discharge outlet also will surround with close net, to prevent fresh water from relieving oedema or abdominal distension through diuresis or purgation stream, flees; Will enclose and block with the close eye net sheet of 70 centimetres wide or asbestos shingle on the surrounding ridge of rice field, net sheet lower end be buried in the earth 20 centimetres, and native top is divided into 90 degree and slopes inwardly;
2) seed is put in a suitable place to breed: generally in the 9-10 month or the 3-4 month, breeding density is at 20000-30000 tail/mu, select fine weather, according to each case yellow eel specification and survive situation, eel kind specification and density in case are done suitable adjustment and supplemented, put in a suitable place to breed frontly with the sterilization of copper sulphate or 4% ~ 5% saline solution, when water temperature 10 ~ 15 is spent, embathe 20 ~ 30m in;
3) feed is prepared: described feedstuff comprises the composition of following weight ratio: silicate bacterium 0.5-0.8 part, streptococcus fecalis 1-3 part, Trichoderma 0.6-0.8 part, Rhodopseudomonas palustris 2-5 part, saccharomycete 0.3-0.5 part, fishbone dust 50-60 part, vinegar grain powder 65-70 part, waste liquid sediment 50-55 part, rice bran 40-60 part, brown sugar 12-14 part, salt 10-14 part, pig manure 80-85 part, pork slaughter house discarded object 45-55 part, pasture and water 60-65 part, calcium bicarbonate 12-16 part, urea 14-17 part, ironic citrate 1-3 part, vitaminB10 .6-0.8 part, cobalamin 0.2-0.6 part, Chinese prickly ash 20-30 part, ginkgo kind skin 20-30 part, frutus cnidii 20-30 part, azedarach 10-30 part, fruit of Rangoon creeper 15-25 part, gall nut 1-15 part, ilex pubescens 5-15 part, matrine 5-10 part, soapberry exosper 55-60 part, the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) dries pasture and water, makes its water content below 40%, and it is cut to 2-4cm, then according to described ratio, adds fishbone dust, vinegar grain powder, rice bran, brown sugar, salt, fully stirs, and mixes, (2) said mixture is fermented, described fermentation is aerobic composting fermentation, and the fermentation water accounts for the 20-30% of material gross weight, and be 50-60 hour winter oxygen supply time, and be 20-25 hour summer, and fermentation temperature is 45-60 ℃, and fermentation time is 7-10 days, (3) waste liquid sediment, pig manure, pork slaughter house discarded object are mixed according to described ratio, add saccharomycete, streptococcus fecalis to ferment, above-mentioned substance is inserted mixing corruption in pond macerate, plastic film on upper cap, carry out fermenting in advance in 3-5 days, then plastic film is thrown off, and stir, allow mixture contact oxygen, temperature gradually raises, from normal temperature to 50 ℃, keep continuing turning after 1-3 days, then be raised to 60 ℃ from 50 ℃, the retention time is 2-4 days, then cool the temperature to normal temperature, keep 6-8 days, until slaking is fully fermented complete, (4) organic mixture after step (1) and step (2) are fermented, sterilized is carried out drying, baking temperature is 45-60 ℃, and being dried to water content is 15-25%, (5) silicate bacterium, Trichoderma, Rhodopseudomonas palustris are joined in above-mentioned material according to described ratio, fully mix, stir, (6) calcium bicarbonate, urea, ironic citrate, vitamin B1, cobalamin, rheum officinale, Radix Astragali part, Divine Comedy are joined in mixture according to described ratio, fully mix, stir, (7) add Chinese prickly ash 20-30 part, ginkgo kind skin 20-30 part, frutus cnidii 20-30 part, azedarach 10-30 part, fruit of Rangoon creeper 15-25 part, gall nut 1-15 part, ilex pubescens 5-15 part, matrine 5-10 part, soapberry exosper 55-60 part above-mentioned material to be carried out low temperature drying under the condition of 18-45 ℃ afterwards, making its water content is below 10%,
4) tame and docile food: on the intensive water surface of pasture and water, 2 feed tables are set, swamp eel enters behind field does not throw in any bait in 3 d, makes it be in starvation, the feed in the 4th day step 3) that is about swamp eel body weight 1.5% that starts to throw something and feed at dusk;
5) aquaculture management: in time topdress according to the water quality girth of a garment, general every 30 ~ 40d topdresses 1 time, each 900 ~ 1125 kg/hm
2, water transparence is controlled at 15 ~ 20cm, the water colour yellow green; Throwing raises and accomplishes, fixes a point, regularly, determine matter, quantitatively, it is 5% ~ 8% of fish body weight that day in fingerling stage is thrown the amount of raising, the adult fish stage is 5% left and right, water temperature is higher than 30 ℃ and should reduce during lower than 10 ℃ and throw something and feed;
During beginning, feed 1 time every day at dusk, and domestication later changes into throwing and raises daytime, and the upper and lower noon respectively throws and raises 1 time, and high temperature season should be taken shading shed on the food platform;
6) damage by disease and insect prevention and control: at 7,8,9 three months, to use quicklime and disinfectant alternately once sterilizing to be carried out in pond and net cage in every 15-20 days, while every 15 days pharmaceutical chemistry of throwing something and feeding a time, the strict sterilization diseases prevention, guarantee swamp eel seedling healthy growth, the swamp eel adaptive capacity is very strong, as long as management is proper, avoid the mechanical damage of loach body, generally seldom morbidity;
Should note at ordinary times prevention, often sterilize, do a good job of it the sterilization of fish body, pond disinfection, feed table sterilization,, if the swamp eel that discovery is died of illness should in time be pulled out, with other swamp eels of protecting from infection, and in time treat: (1) saprolegniasis: loach ovum control 1m
3Water is put salt 400g and is added the solution bathing 1h of sodium bicarbonate 400g, and sick swamp eel can be embathed with 3% saline solution 5 ~ 10m in, and severe one can be embathed 5 ~ 15m in only with water mold; Red fin fish disease: external application 1 bleaching powder is splashed; Seed is put the salt water-bath wash disinfection of front application 5% in a suitable place to breed; Pharmaceutical chemistry for oral administration, with reaching the gram bacterium, orfloxacin is made bait feeding; Parasitosis: available copper sulphate and mixture of ferrous sulfate are splashed or with trichlorphon, are splashed.
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| CN105724294A (en) * | 2016-03-07 | 2016-07-06 | 安徽农业大学 | Method for preventing roes from being attacked by saprolegniasis |
| CN107912335A (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2018-04-17 | 五河县金塘水产养殖有限公司 | A kind of feeding method for improving swamp eel growth performance |
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