CN103392591B - A kind of breeding of new variety method that rice high yield and nitrogen efficiently utilize - Google Patents
A kind of breeding of new variety method that rice high yield and nitrogen efficiently utilize Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of rice high yield and breeding of new variety method that nitrogen efficiently utilizes, the Oryza sativa L. utilizing different N efficiency has the physiological property of significant difference in fringe phase beginning with period of maturation content of glutamic acid, by under the conditions of the relatively low background nitrogen of middle-and-low-yielding fields, select Parents or mixing breed that high yield and high quality kind and nitrogen efficiently utilizes, use regular pedigree selection-breeding method, fine individual plant carries out high yield selection according to yield and Main Agronomic Characters, and strain carries out nitrogen high efficiency selected according to content of glutamic acid.The application present invention can select the efficient strain of nitrogen effectively, on the basis of high yield and high quality, can select the new varieties that nitrogen efficiently utilizes more accurately.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to new crop varieties breeding technique field, a kind of breeding of new variety method efficiently utilized more particularly to rice high yield and nitrogen.
Background technology
At present, nitrogen is the fundamental of crop growth and yield composition.Cultivate and promote the resistance to fertile type conventional rice kind of semi-dwarf mutant and hybrid rice new combination from 60 to the seventies of 20th century since, spread super hybridized rice the most in recent years, the rice yield level making China has had and has increased substantially, but brings sharply increasing of amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer therewith.Excess applied nitrogen not only reduces the utilization ratio of nitrogen, causes the huge waste of the energy, and improves the production cost of crop, has dampened the enthusiasm for production of peasant.It is reported, current China nitrogen fertilizer for paddy rice utilization rate is only 28%～40%, remaining nitrogen then by leaching, volatilize and flushing etc. is with NH3、NO- 3Enter environment etc. form and lose, and polluted underground water, soil, river and air, and then affect health.Further, since the middle-and-low-yielding fields that the factors such as soil degradation cause have accounted for the 2/3 of total cultivated area.In the Yangtze river basin, each province and city middle-and-low-yielding fields all have distribution;Wherein the soil barren type middle-and-low-yielding fields whole nation amounts to 22,000,000 hectares；Henan and Gansu two province is had more than 2,000,000 hectares；Having Anhui, Hubei, Sichuan (including Chongqing City), Jilin, Shandong, Guizhou, Hebei more than 1,000,000 hectares, Jiangxi etc. saves.Therefore, by screening with cultivate new rice variety that high yield and nitrogen efficiently utilize to ensureing national food security；Improve farmland quality；Improve China's soil barren type middle-and-low-yielding fields rice yield；Reduce widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area；The sustainable development promoting agricultural is of great significance.
At present, domestic and international Oryza sativa L. nitrogen efficient evaluations method is a lot, not yet forms unified standard.Due to the not ipsilateral of distinct methods reflection nitrogen use efficiency, the evaluation methodology wherein having there is also some defects.Have plenty of from the angle of fertilising to estimate nitrogen efficiency；Have plenty of with Oryza sativa L. amount of nitrogen sucking to weigh nitrogen utilization efficiency.Therefore, when carrying out different research it should be understood that target and emphasis；And efficiently utilize the target of genetic improvement should be Oryza sativa L. nitrogen efficiency (NUE, Grain based on Oryza sativa L. nitrogen
nitrogen eficiency ；Its computing formula is corn weight and Soil Nitrogen quantity delivered and the ratio of amount of nitrogen sum；Soil quantity delivered is with the accumulation gauge of not nitrogen fertilizer application rice plant nitrogen).Numerous nitrogen high efficiency gene type identification of indicator is created under different nitrogen efficient evaluations methods；Wherein physiological and biochemical index has functional leaf carbon and nitrogen metabolism key enzyme such as nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase, RuBP carboxylase activity under the conditions of low nitrogen；At panicle primordium dif ferentiation stage activity of glutamine synthetase, soluble protein content, pustulation period fringe collar injury flow liquid free aminoacid content；In the density of jointing stage root, the total absorption area of root system etc.；But the identification of indicator of the nitrogen high efficiency gene type proposed is difficult to field breeding practice, detection test error such as enzyme is bigger, big Tanaka is difficult to investigate root, and operability is not strong and traditional method is not easy to coordinate rice high yield very well with the contradiction that nitrogen efficient absorption utilizes on choosing seeds in land for growing field crops for these identification of indicator.Therefore, it is necessary to innovation research rice high yield nitrogen efficient Utilization assessment method and identification of indicator.
Amino acid metabolism is a significant process changed to results seed from vegetable nutritorium.Therefore, amino acid whose metabolism, especially in the metabolism of grain filling period, can reflect nitrogen use efficiency.Glutamic acid be the Primary product of nitrogen metabolism, glutamic acid and glutamine or both ratio be prior metabolic factor in nitrate reductase, phosphoric acid enol pyruvic acid carboxylase, the regulation of Sucrose Phosphate Synthase short-lived reactive.It is all remarkably higher than check variety in fringe phase beginning and period of maturation at Oryza sativa L. nitrogen efficient kind Glutamic Acid content.The field comparison using hybridization segregating population and parent becomes parent or the super close strain yield of the forward method with content of glutamic acid selection, it is achieved the innovation choice of high yield nitrogen high-efficiency rice breeding of new varieties method, raising efficiency of selection.So far, this technology has no report.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is aiming at existing high yield nitrogen high-efficiency rice screening varieties and selects deficiency with cultivating, there is provided a kind of in the efficient breeding of hybridized rice of nitrogen, F2 segregating population, backcross nitrogen efficient strain screening technique such as selection colony etc., utilize the method can select target strain rapidly and accurately from filial generation, nitrogen high-efficiency rice breeding selection efficiency can be significantly improved.
In Rice Population, owing to glutamic acid is metabolic factor important in the regulation of Oryza sativa L. C N metabolism key enzyme (nitrate reductase, phosphoric acid enol pyruvic acid carboxylase, Sucrose Phosphate Synthase) short-lived reactive, and related intimate (fringe beginning, r=0.467 phase, notable) between functional leaf content of glutamic acid and nitrogen efficiency (NUE).Therefore inventor utilizes fringe phase nitrogen high-efficiency rice kind beginning and period of maturation content of glutamic acid to weigh the height that nitrogen efficiently utilizes；The rice yield utilizing the period of maturation comprehensively weighs rice yield with economical character.
The technical problem to be solved is achieved through the following technical solutions；
The present invention be a kind of utilize content of glutamic acid to identify Nitrogen in Rice efficiently utilizes and combines the rice variety selective method that rice yield and economical character select high yield nitrogen efficiently to utilize, Chief technology is the selection-breeding to conventional variety or restorer, and its step is as follows:
(1) middle-and-low-yielding fields (between per kilogram soil is containing 0.75 gram to 1.5 grams, content of organic matter per kilogram soil is less than 30 grams to total nitrogen content of soil) are selected.Fertilizing method routinely, mu executes pure nitrogen level at 10 kilograms to 15 kilograms；
(2) select Parents or mixing breed that high yield and high quality kind and nitrogen efficiently utilizes, gather in the crops first generation of hybrid seed；Set up check variety simultaneously；
(3) add generation one-tenth second filial generation seed, and plant into second generation of hybrid colony；Plantation check variety；
(4) Single-plant selection；Plant check variety simultaneously；All carry out Single-plant selection when strain is not stablized, Single-plant selection method is as follows:
A, field primary election: to dough stage after each individual plant beginning fringe, field observation Growing Characters (including, fringe phase beginning, period of maturation etc.) and investigation Other Main Agronomic Characters (including tiller, plant height, effective fringe etc.), choose seeds for the first time, and labelling；
B, field final election: labelling individual plant was carried out in full ripe stage the final election of Other Main Agronomic Characters (including, later stage annesl, lodging property, seed holding etc.)；
C, indoor final election: field selects individual plant plant division results；Indoor species test, eliminates single plant yield amplification ratio check variety and is less than 3%, and the individual plant that setting percentage is less than 80%；
(5) strain selects: plant check variety simultaneously；Strain system of selection is as follows:
A, field primary election: be often field observation Growing Characters (including, fringe phase beginning, period of maturation etc.) and investigation Other Main Agronomic Characters (including tiller, plant height, effective fringe etc.), choose seeds for the first time, and labelling；Eliminate yield level less than check variety strain；
B, field final election: labelling strain is taken functional leaf (i.e. sword-like leave, two leaves, SANYE of falling) 20-30 strain in fringe phase beginning and period of maturation, detection content of glutamic acid, strain content of glutamic acid amplification is higher than selected each strain glutamic acid average content 10%, and amplification is selected and the most paid higher than the strain of comparison 5%；
C, real producing contrast and species test, and lab analysis content of glutamic acid amplification is higher than selected each strain glutamic acid average content 10%, and amplification is higher than compareing the 5% of content of glutamic acid, and rice yield amplification, higher than the strain of comparison more than 5%, participates in variety test of lines；
(6) strain contrast: carry out community strain contrast according to a conventional method, plants check variety, and screening rice yield is higher than check variety more than 5% excellent strain,.
Heretofore described content of glutamic acid and rice yield amplification grade scale can be found in table 1.
Table 1
| Rank | Amplification | Evaluate |
| 1 | More than-3% | Low |
| 2 | 0- -3% | Relatively low |
| 3 | 0-3% | Typically |
| 4 | 3-5% | Higher |
| 5 | More than 5% | High |
The inventive method detection content of glutamic acid can use ninhydrin colorimetry, and the method is easy, practical.
The invention have the advantage that
The method of the application present invention can select nitrogen high-efficiency rice strain effectively on the basis of high yield, can more accurately select the efficient new lines of high yield nitrogen, the most easily efficient new varieties of breeding high-yield nitrogen.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 be the present invention begin fringe phase Oryza sativa L. content of glutamic acid relevant to NUE figure.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
(1) select high yield economical character excellent with nitrogen high-efficiency rice parent or mixing breed, gather in the crops first generation of hybrid seed；Set check variety simultaneously；
(2) adding generation becomes second generation of hybrid seed, and plants Cheng Yao second generation of hybrid colony；Plantation check variety；
(3) Single-plant selection: simultaneously plant check variety；All carry out Single-plant selection when strain is not stablized, Single-plant selection method is as follows:
A, field primary election: to dough stage after each individual plant beginning fringe, carry out field observation Growing Characters (including, fringe phase beginning, period of maturation etc.) and investigation Other Main Agronomic Characters (including tiller, plant height, effective fringe etc.), choose seeds for the first time, and labelling；
B, field final election: labelling individual plant was carried out in full ripe stage the final election of Other Main Agronomic Characters (including, later stage annesl, lodging property, seed holding etc.)；
C, indoor final election: field selects individual plant plant division results；Indoor species test, eliminates single plant yield amplification ratio check variety and is less than 3%, and the individual plant that setting percentage is less than 80%；
4) strain selects: plant check variety simultaneously；Strain system of selection is as follows:
A, field primary election: be often to observe growing way appearance, and record the jointing stage, eliminating yield level before the neat fringe after ripening phase and be less than check variety strain, and labelling；
B, field final election: labelling strain is taken functional leaf (i.e. sword-like leave, two leaves, SANYE of falling) 20-30 strain in fringe phase beginning and period of maturation, detection content of glutamic acid, strain content of glutamic acid amplification is higher than selected each strain glutamic acid average content 10%, and amplification is selected and the most paid higher than the strain of comparison 5%；
C, real producing contrast and species test, and lab analysis content of glutamic acid amplification is higher than selected each strain glutamic acid average content 10%, and amplification is higher than compareing the 5% of content of glutamic acid, and yield amplification, higher than comparison more than 5%, participates in variety test of lines；
(5) strain contrast: carry out community strain contrast according to a conventional method, plants check variety, and screening yield is higher than check variety more than 5% excellent strain,.
Embodiment 2
The selection-breeding of high yield nitrogen high-efficiency rice K excellent 52, its step is as follows:
(1) blue or green as male parent with specular removal parent Oryza sativa L. spy, with high nitrogen good efficiency parental rice 9019 for maternal, hybridize to obtain a cenospecies generation；
(2) Hainan plantation, adds the generation one-tenth second generation of hybrid；
(3) second generation of hybrid Single-plant selection, investigates single plant yield, Main Agronomic Characters, selection high yield individual plant；
(4) hybrid three generations individual plant Hainan adds generation；
(5) hybrid four generation selection advantage individual plant, investigates single plant yield, Main Agronomic Characters, selection high yield individual plant；
(6) hybrid five generation Hainan adds generation；
(7) hybrid six generation strain is observed, and investigates fringe phase strain beginning and period of maturation content of glutamic acid, selects the efficient strain of nitrogen；
(8) hybrid seven generation strain comparation and assessment, investigate fringe phase strain beginning and period of maturation content of glutamic acid, select the efficient strain of nitrogen；
(9) hybrid eight generation strain compares, and investigates fringe phase strain beginning and period of maturation content of glutamic acid, selects the efficient strain of nitrogen；
(10) hybrid nine generation strain compares, and investigates fringe phase strain beginning and period of maturation content of glutamic acid, and OM052 strain is selected in；
(11) with K17A as female parent, OM052 is male parent preparing hybrid kind (K excellent 52)；
(12) kind rating test, investigates K excellent 52 and promotes mainly variety yield and at fringe phase beginning and period of maturation content of glutamic acid with other land for growing field crops.
(13) little area plantation, proves that high yield nitrogen is efficient further, and shape rice new strain-K excellent 52.
Claims (1)
1. the breeding of new variety method that a rice high yield and nitrogen efficiently utilize, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) selecting total nitrogen content of soil between per kilogram soil is containing 0.75 gram to 1.5 grams, the content of organic matter per kilogram soil middle-and-low-yielding fields less than 30 grams, mu executes pure nitrogen level according to a conventional method at 10-15 kilogram；
(2) select Parents or mixing breed that high yield and high quality kind and nitrogen efficiently utilizes, gather in the crops first generation of hybrid seed；Set up check variety simultaneously；
(3) add generation one-tenth second filial generation seed, and plant into second generation of hybrid colony；Plantation check variety；
(4) Single-plant selection；Plant check variety simultaneously；All carry out Single-plant selection when strain is not stablized, Single-plant selection method is as follows:
A, field primary election: to dough stage after each individual plant beginning fringe, carry out field growing way appearance and choose seeds for the first time, and labelling；
B, field final election: to the final election before full ripe stage of labelling individual plant；
C, indoor final election: field selects individual plant plant division results；Eliminate single plant yield amplification ratio check variety and be less than 5%, and the individual plant that setting percentage is less than 90%；
(5) strain selects: plant check variety simultaneously；Strain system of selection is as follows:
A, field primary election: be often to observe growing way appearance, and record the jointing stage, eliminating yield level before the neat fringe after ripening phase and be less than check variety strain, and labelling；
B, field final election: in fringe phase beginning and period of maturation, take the functional leaf sword-like leave of 20-30 strain labelling strain, two leaves, SANYE of falling, detection content of glutamic acid, strain content of glutamic acid amplification is higher than selected each strain glutamic acid average content 10%, and amplification is selected and the most paid higher than the strain of comparison 5%；
C, real producing contrast and species test, and lab analysis content of glutamic acid amplification is higher than selected each strain glutamic acid average content 10%, and amplification is higher than compareing the 5% of content of glutamic acid, and rice yield amplification, higher than comparison more than 5%, participates in variety test of lines；
(6) strain contrast: carry out community strain contrast according to a conventional method, plants check variety, and screening rice yield is higher than check variety more than 5% excellent strain,.
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| CN106576728A (en) * | 2016-11-17 | 2017-04-26 | 甘肃农业大学 | Method for screening varieties with high utilization rate of nitrogen from multiple wheat varieties |
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| CN107621525A (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2018-01-23 | 沈阳裕赓种业有限公司 | The method identified using content of glutamic acid and screen rice varieties |
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| CN113647322B (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2022-05-20 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | Breeding method for cultivating japonica rice variety with high-efficiency utilization of nitrogen |
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