CN103390746A - Method for improving performance of lithium ion battery cathode material lithium titanate - Google Patents
Method for improving performance of lithium ion battery cathode material lithium titanate Download PDFInfo
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- CN103390746A CN103390746A CN201210137566XA CN201210137566A CN103390746A CN 103390746 A CN103390746 A CN 103390746A CN 201210137566X A CN201210137566X A CN 201210137566XA CN 201210137566 A CN201210137566 A CN 201210137566A CN 103390746 A CN103390746 A CN 103390746A
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- lithium titanate
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention successfully realizes a production applicable method for preparing a lithium ion battery cathode material lithium titanate with high magnification performance and long cycle life. The method is as below: carrying out ball milling mixing on a lithium source and a titanium source in a certain proportion; and sintering an obtained precursor powder from the mixing in a high temperature furnace, so as to obtain a two-phase coexisting lithium titanate composite material (Li4Ti5O12-Li2TiO3). The method has the following advantages: control of proportion of the lithium source and the titanium source can customize specific capacity and charge-discharge multiplying power performance; and the lithium titanate system prepared by the method charges and discharges by a charge-discharge multiplying power of 10C, has reversible capacity reaching 106 mAh / g and capacity maintenance rate at 98.25, which is almost no attenuation, after 500 times of charge and discharge. The method is environment-friendly, controllable and suitable for large-scale production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of solid phase synthesis technique and prepare the lithium ion secondary battery negative pole lithium titanate composite material, improve its chemical property, belong to the field of researching and producing of lithium rechargeable battery.
Background technology
Enter 21 century, the impact that the energy crisis that is on the rise and the use of fossil energy cause environment has become the weakness of national development, even jeopardizes national stability.Global researcher does a lot of work at Looking For Substitutions Of Oil, such as solar energy, wind energy etc.Yet electric energy discontinuity and the dispersiveness on space in time that these alternative energy sources produce makes its storage become unavoidable problem.The factors such as considering cost, reliability, durability and fail safe, directly energy storage system (ultracapacitor etc.) and power conversion system (flywheel, battery etc.) are widely studied and are applied to the storage of electric energy.Wherein battery system can effectively change electric energy into chemical energy and stores, when needing again the form with electric energy discharge, be considered to one of most suitable system of power storage.As everyone knows, lithium ion battery has been widely used in portable electric appts.Its higher energy density makes its first-selection that becomes electric automobile or battery of hybrid vehicle, and is the very potential member of electrical network energy storage system.As the negative material of lithium ion battery, commercialization of carbon-based material and be widely used in mobile phone and notebook in.Yet the carbon back negative material is easily separated out Li dendrite and is caused internal short-circuit of battery when fast charging and discharging, be difficult to be applied in the main equipments such as electric automobile and hybrid electric vehicle.The silicon of height ratio capacity, the cycle life of tin base cathode material still need further to improve.
And the lithium titanate (Li of spinel structure
4Ti
5O
12) possess following two major advantages: (1) Li
4Ti
5O
12The charging/discharging voltage platform is about 1.55V (Vs.Li/Li
+), can avoid the formation of Li dendrite, thereby not have the danger of short circuit, make battery system safer.(2) Li
4Ti
5O
12A kind of " zero strain " material, lithium ion embed and the process of deviating from almost there is no change in volume.This point makes with Li
4Ti
5O
12Possesses good cycle performance and than the long life as the battery of negative material.Yet, pure phase Li
4Ti
5O
12Material electronics conductivity and ionic conductivity are all lower, are difficult to meet the requirement of the fast charging and dischargings such as electric automobile and hybrid electric vehicle, and this point has hindered Li
4Ti
5O
12Commercially produce.Present research mainly concentrates on and improves Li
4Ti
5O
12The distance of the electron conduction of material and the transmission of shortening lithium ion is to improve Li
4Ti
5O
12The high rate performance of material.Cation doping (Mg, Al, V etc.), surface modification (carbon coated, polyacene, cupric oxide etc.) are the main method of at present main raising material electronics conductivity.Mainly by reducing Li aspect shortening lithium ion transmission range
4Ti
5O
12The particle diameter of material or dimension.
Recently, the fake capacitance effect successfully has been used for improving the high rate performance of lithium ion battery electrode material, also finds to have at the boundary place of composite material the ability of extra electrochemical reversible storage lithium ion, and this is conducive to improve the energy density of electrode material.It is reported, Li
4Ti
5O
12-TiO
2The nano-complex negative material, due to the effect of Faraday pseudo-capacitance effect, has shown higher specific capacity under the high power charging-discharging condition.But, about Li
4Ti
5O
12-TiO
2Open report is not yet seen in the preparation of nano composite material and the application in lithium ion battery.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of two-phase coexistent composite L i for preparing
4Ti
5O
12-Li
2TiO
3Method.A kind of simple, energy-conservation, solid sintering technology that suitability for industrialized is produced of the synthetic employing of this material.The two-phase coexistent material of the method preparation can effectively embed with lithium ion the Faraday pseudo-capacitance effect and deviate to combine in active material, make composite L i
4Ti
5O
12-Li
2TiO
3Possess higher specific capacity, good charge-discharge magnification performance, during up to 10C, circulation did not almost have capacity attenuation in 500 weeks at charge-discharge magnification.
The concrete technical scheme of this invention is as follows:
1. by Li: Ti mol ratio (4～4.16): 5 take lithium source and titanium source.
2. the lithium source that will take, titanium source mixture are by (4～10): 1 ratio of grinding media to material is carried out ball mill mixing in planetary ball mill.
3. the presoma that batch mixing is obtained carries out drying, and the powder that obtains after drying is positioned over the programming rate with 2～10 ℃ in high temperature furnace and is warming up to 700～850 ℃, and is incubated 5～15 hours, naturally cools to subsequently room temperature and can obtain this two-phase coexistent composite material.
The titanium source that relates in such scheme is anatase structured TiO
2, the lithium source is that the lithium source is the cooperation in lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, lithium nitrate, lithium acetate, lithium oxalate or several lithiums source, Li: the Ti mol ratio is (4～4.16): 5.
The ratio of grinding media to material during batch mixing that relates in such scheme is (4～10): 1, and rotating speed is 300～500r/min, and Ball-milling Time is 3～6 hours, and dispersant can use the mixing of ethanol, deionized water, acetone or several dispersants.
The sintering atmosphere that relates in such scheme can be direct sintering in air, also can argon gas, nitrogen, helium or CO 2 gas-shielded under carry out sintering.
The temperature increasing schedule that relates in such scheme is 2～10 ℃/min, and sintering temperature is 700～850 ℃, and temperature retention time is 5～15 hours.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: the method prepares Li
4Ti
5O
12-Li
2TiO
3The XRD diffraction pattern of composite material.
Fig. 2: the method prepares Li
4Ti
5O
12-Li
2TiO
3The SEM figure of composite material.
Fig. 3: the method prepares Li
4Ti
5O
12-Li
2TiO
3The constant current charge-discharge high rate performance curve of composite material.
Fig. 4: the method prepares Li
4Ti
5O
12-Li
2TiO
3Composite material when charge-discharge magnification is 10C, the constant current charge-discharge efficiency curve when cycle-index is 500 times.
Embodiment
Case study on implementation one:
By Li: the Ti mol ratio takes lithium carbonate and titanium dioxide at 4.08: 5, and the lithium carbonate and the titanium dioxide ratio of grinding media to material by 5: 1 in deionized water that take were carried out batch mixing in 4 hours with rotating speed 400r/min ball milling in planetary ball mill.The slurry that batch mixing is obtained is at air drying, and the precursor powder that obtains after drying is placed in Muffle furnace at air and is warming up to 750 ℃ with the programming rate of 2 ℃/min, and is incubated 12 hours, and nature is to room temperature subsequently.
Prepared powder sample is analyzed through X-ray diffraction analysis instrument (XRD, x ' pert MPD), and sweep limits is 10～85 °, and leg speed is 0.03 °/min.The XRD diffraction pattern is as shown in Fig. 1 (a), and the diffraction maximum of sample comprises the Li of spinel structure
4Ti
5O
12With a small amount of Li
2TiO
3.The granule-morphology of prepared sample is recorded by field emission scanning electron microscope (CFSEM, Hitachi S-4800), and particle diameter is even, substantially is distributed in 300～600nm, as shown in Fig. 2 (a).
Li
4Ti
5O
12-Li
2TiO
3Composite material grinds approximately and it was fully mixed in 20 minutes with acetylene black in agate mortar, then add the n-methyl pyrrolidone solution that contains the polyvinylidene binding agent fully to grind, wherein Li
4Ti
5O
12-Li
2TiO
3Composite material: acetylene black: the ratio of binding agent is 80: 10: 10.Slurry after grinding evenly spreads upon on a slice Copper Foil, after 80 ℃ of dryings 5～6 hours, be pressed into the disk that diameter is 1cm, in moving into after vacuum drying chamber continues dry 12 hours with 110 ℃ and being filled with 99.99% argon gas glove box, in glove box take the lithium sheet as electrode assembling being become half-cell and carrying out electro-chemical test.Constant current charge-discharge is at the electric battery test system (CT2001A/CT2001C of indigo plant; Wuhan Kinguo Electronics Co., Ltd.) on carry out.As shown in Figure 3, when charge-discharge magnification was 0.5C, its reversible specific capacity can reach 155mAh/g to constant current charge-discharge high rate performance curve; When charge-discharge magnification was 10C, reversible capacity still can remain on 104.5mAh/g.
Case study on implementation two:
By Li: the Ti mol ratio takes lithium hydroxide and titanium dioxide at 4.04: 5, and the lithium hydroxide and the titanium dioxide ratio of grinding media to material by 5: 1 in ethanol that take were carried out batch mixing in 4 hours with rotating speed 400r/min ball milling in planetary ball mill.The slurry that batch mixing is obtained is at air drying, and the precursor powder that obtains after drying is placed in tube furnace at argon gas and is warming up to 750 ℃ with the programming rate of 2 ℃/min, and is incubated 12 hours, naturally cools to subsequently room temperature.
Li
4Ti
5O
12-Li
2TiO
3The sign of composite material and the test of battery performance are as implementing case one, and the diffraction maximum of sample comprises the Li of spinel structure
4Ti
5O
12With a small amount of Li
2TiO
3, the XRD diffraction pattern is as shown in Fig. 1 (b).Particle diameter is even, substantially is distributed in 300～600nm, and SEM schemes as shown in Fig. 2 (b).As shown in Figure 3, when charge-discharge magnification was 0.5C, its reversible specific capacity can reach 146mAh/g to constant current charge-discharge high rate performance curve; When charge-discharge magnification was 10C, reversible capacity still can remain on 106mAh/g.
Case study on implementation three:
By Li: the Ti mol ratio takes lithium nitrate and titanium dioxide at 4.12: 5, and the lithium nitrate and the titanium dioxide ratio of grinding media to material by 5: 1 in ethanol that take were carried out batch mixing in 4 hours with rotating speed 400r/min ball milling in planetary ball mill.The slurry that batch mixing is obtained is at air drying, and the precursor powder that obtains after drying is placed in tube furnace at nitrogen and is warming up to 750 ℃ with the programming rate of 2 ℃/min, and is incubated 12 hours, naturally cools to subsequently room temperature.
Li
4Ti
5O
12-Li
2TiO
3The sign of composite material and the test of battery performance are as implementing case one, and the diffraction maximum of sample comprises the Li of spinel structure
4Ti
5O
12With a small amount of Li
2TiO
3, the XRD diffraction pattern is as shown in Fig. 1 (c).Particle diameter is even, substantially is distributed in 300～600nm, and SEM schemes as shown in Fig. 2 (c).As shown in Figure 3, when charge-discharge magnification was 0.5C, its reversible specific capacity can reach 122.5mAh/g to constant current charge-discharge high rate performance curve; When charge-discharge magnification was 10C, reversible capacity still can remain on 85mAh/g.
The result of case study on implementation shows: along with the increase of lithium source ratio, the high rate performance of battery significantly improves, and cycle life obviously increases; Simultaneously due to Li
2TiO
3Existence, can reducing with the battery specific capacity.Wherein at Li: the Ti mol ratio is that 4.08: 5 o'clock combination properties reach optimization: be 0.5C at charge-discharge magnification, its specific capacity can reach 155mAh/g; Be 10C at charge-discharge magnification, capacity still can keep 72.56%.Aspect cycle life, when charge-discharge magnification was 10C, after 500 weeks of circulation, capability retention was 98.2%, almost not decay, as shown in Figure 4.
Claims (9)
1. method that improves the lithium ionic cell cathode material lithium titanate performance.It is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
A. with lithium source and titanium source (mol ratio: (4～4.16): 5) add in dispersant in proportion, with ratio of grinding media to material (4～10): 1 carried out batch mixing 3～6 hours with 300～500r/min rotating speed in planetary ball mill, and it is stand-by that dried presoma is transferred in agate mortar grind into powder;
B. mixed powder be placed in high temperature furnace with the programming rate of 2～10 ℃/min in 700～850 ℃ of sintering 5～15 hours, can obtain the lithium titanate (Li of two-phase coexistent
4Ti
5O
12-Li
2TiO
3) composite material.
2., according to the preparation method of claims 1 described lithium titanate composite material, it is characterized in that in steps A, the lithium source is in lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, lithium nitrate, lithium acetate, oxalic acid or the cooperation in several lithiums source.
3., according to the preparation method of claims 1 described lithium titanate composite material, it is characterized in that in steps A, the lithium source is technical pure and above purity.
4., according to the preparation method of claims 1 described lithium titanate composite material, it is characterized in that in steps A, the titanium source is anatase phase titanium dioxide.
5. according to the preparation method of claims 1 described lithium titanate composite material, it is characterized in that dispersant in steps A can use the mixing of ethanol, deionized water, acetone or several dispersants.
6. according to the preparation method of claims 1 described lithium titanate composite material, it is characterized in that in steps A with 300～500r/min ball mill mixing 3～6 hours.
7., according to the preparation method of claims 1 described lithium titanate composite material, it is characterized in that the programming rate in step B is 2～10 ℃.
8. according to the preparation method of claims 1 described lithium titanate composite material, it is characterized in that in step B that precursor powder was 700～850 ℃ of sintering of temperature 5～15 hours.
9., according to the preparation method of claims 1 described lithium titanate composite material, it is characterized in that in step B, the atmosphere in sintering process can be air, argon gas, nitrogen, helium or carbon dioxide.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103682244A (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2014-03-26 | 上海纳米技术及应用国家工程研究中心有限公司 | Surface coating method for electrode material of lithium ion battery |
| CN106783192A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-31 | 宁波中车新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of lithium titanate/metatitanic acid lithium composite material and its preparation method and application |
| CN106847543A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-06-13 | 宁波中车新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of nanometer Li4Ti5O12/Li2TiO3Combination electrode material and preparation method thereof |
| CN109704395A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-05-03 | 北方奥钛纳米技术有限公司 | Preparation method, lithium titanate material and the battery of lithium titanate material |
| CN110350172A (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2019-10-18 | 贵州大学 | A kind of metatitanic acid lithium cladding lithium titanate electrode material method |
| CN115121335A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2022-09-30 | 瑞海泊有限公司 | Positive electrode material and preparation method and application thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103682244A (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2014-03-26 | 上海纳米技术及应用国家工程研究中心有限公司 | Surface coating method for electrode material of lithium ion battery |
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| CN106783192A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-31 | 宁波中车新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of lithium titanate/metatitanic acid lithium composite material and its preparation method and application |
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| CN110350172A (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2019-10-18 | 贵州大学 | A kind of metatitanic acid lithium cladding lithium titanate electrode material method |
| CN115121335A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2022-09-30 | 瑞海泊有限公司 | Positive electrode material and preparation method and application thereof |
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