CN103389389A - Gravity flow velocity sensor and open channel flow velocity and flow rate monitoring device - Google Patents
Gravity flow velocity sensor and open channel flow velocity and flow rate monitoring device Download PDFInfo
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- CN103389389A CN103389389A CN2013103810379A CN201310381037A CN103389389A CN 103389389 A CN103389389 A CN 103389389A CN 2013103810379 A CN2013103810379 A CN 2013103810379A CN 201310381037 A CN201310381037 A CN 201310381037A CN 103389389 A CN103389389 A CN 103389389A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a sensor for measuring a flow velocity of a fluid, in particular to a sensor for measuring the flow velocity of a water flow, and an open channel flow velocity and flow rate monitoring device. The gravity flow velocity sensor measures an angle of a gravity component through a three-axis acceleration sensor, so that fluid resistance of the water flow to a sphere is ascertained, and the flow velocity of the water flow is computed indirectly by utilizing a fluid resistance equation. The open channel flow velocity and flow rate monitoring device measures the flow velocity of the water flow by utilizing the gravity flow velocity sensor, and converts a flow cross-section by utilizing a distance measuring sensor, so that a flow rate of an open channel is computed. According to the gravity flow velocity sensor and the open channel flow velocity and flow rate monitoring device, acquisition and processing of flow velocity and flow rate data of the water flow of the open channel, and a remote monitoring function are achieved by a microcontroller and a GSM (Global System for Mobile)/GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) communication module, and the gravity flow velocity sensor and the open channel flow velocity and flow rate monitoring device can be widely applied to flow velocity and flow rate monitoring of complicated water flow environments of various open channels, and provide real-time reference data for operation and management of water conservancy facilities or command and dispatch work of flood control and drought relief.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of rate of flow of fluid survey sensor, particularly relate to a kind of sensor and a kind of open channel flow velocity flow monitoring device of measuring the open-channel flow flow velocity.
Background technology
At present, relatively more universal rate of flow of fluid measuring method and equipment has: the revolving cup knotmeter of Mechanical Method, the Pitot tube of dynamic pressure method, the hot line knotmeter of rate of heat dissipation method and the Laser Doppler Velocimeter of Doppler effect.Although improved all kinds of open-channel flow speed measuring equipment can be realized the automatic continuous monitoring of flow rate of water flow on this basis, these measuring methods and equipment have the weak point that device structure is complicated, Installation and Debugging are inconvenient, the product maintenance cost is high, price is comparatively expensive.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention, be in order to overcome the weak point of existing open-channel flow flow-speed measurement method and equipment, and proposed a kind ofly according to the fluid resistance equation, utilizes 3-axis acceleration sensor indirectly to inquire into the method for flow rate of water flow.Simple in structure according to the gravity type flow sensor of the method invention clear, be convenient to install.And the open channel flow velocity flow monitoring device debugging of invention is convenient, maintenance cost is low on this basis, cheap.Can be widely used in the flow rate monitoring of all kinds of open-channel flows.
The present invention realizes that the technical scheme that purpose adopts is as follows.
A kind of gravity type flow sensor, this sensor consists of gravitation ball, connecting line and 3-axis acceleration sensor three parts., quality large with tensile strength gently, not hydrophilic connecting line, with certain mass, density is greater than water-mass density, ganoid ball hangs among open-channel flow,, at the stiff end of connecting line, connects 3-axis acceleration sensor.Smooth sphere in current, can be under the pulling force and the acting in conjunction of current to the horizontal thrust of spheroid of gravity, buoyancy, connecting line, dynamic stress balance.According to the fluid resistance equation as can be known, when flow rate of water flow is larger, current are also just larger to the thrust of spheroid.The horizontal thrust size has determined the size and Orientation of pulling force, and the direction of pulling force has determined the angle angle of pulling force and gravity.Utilize 3-axis acceleration sensor to measure the angle angle of pulling force and gravity,, then according to the triangle geometric relationship, can inquire into the horizontal thrust of current to spheroid, this horizontal thrust is fluid resistance, then, according to the fluid resistance equation, can calculate the speed of current.
In the current of constant flow rate, the material of gravitation ball and radius size have determined gravity, buoyancy and the horizontal thrust that spheroid is subject to, thereby have determined the size and Orientation of pulling force, and the direction of pulling force has determined the angle that 3-axis acceleration sensor is measured.Therefore, in the current of fixed flow rate, the gravitation ball of unlike material and different radii all can affect the sensitivity of gravity type flow sensor measures flow velocity.Can choose according to actual needs the gravitation ball of unlike material or different radii thus, measure different flow rates.
A kind of open channel flow velocity flow monitoring device, this device comprises above-mentioned gravity type flow sensor, distance measuring sensor, microcontroller, GSM/GPRS communication module and power supply., by to microcontroller programming, at first utilize above-mentioned gravity type flow sensor measures flow rate of water flow; Then utilize distance measuring sensor to sound the depth of the water,, in conjunction with open channel cross dimensions conversion water-carrying section, calculate the open-channel flow flow; Utilize finally the GSM/GPRS communication module to upload the flow rate Monitoring Data, realize thus long-range automatic monitoring; Can also utilize phone or note to make operational order, realize remote checking and modification to the basic parameter of data processor in microcontroller.
Three ingredients of the gravity type flow sensor that the present invention proposes are with low cost, can directly buy assembling, and part exchanging is easy, and cost of equipment maintenance is low, and fraction is high.Can adapt to all kinds of abominable water quality environments such as silt water, sanitary sewage, industrial waste water., according to the smooth sphere that hangs unlike material or different radii, can measure different flow rates.The Monitoring Data that the open channel flow velocity flow monitoring device that the present invention proposes can gather dynamically, process, checks the open channel flow rate, can also be by the key parameter in phone or the adjustment of short message interacting formula ground or modification equipment, adapt to various different monitoring of environmental, to meet the monitoring needs of the various hydraulic structures such as water drainage flood prevention channel, irrigation flume, reservoir spillway, gear tide water drainage lock station.Gravity type flow sensor and open channel flow velocity flow monitoring device that the present invention proposes can provide effective reference data for operational management or the flood-control and drought relief command scheduling of water conservancy projects.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is structure and the mechanics principle figure of gravity type flow sensor.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of installing and using of open channel flow velocity flow monitoring device.
Fig. 3 is the structure synoptic diagram of open channel flow velocity flow monitoring device.
Fig. 4 is the process flow diagram of flow velocity and data on flows handling procedure.
Description of reference numerals: 1, gravitation ball, 1-1, gravity, 1-2, pulling force, 1-3, buoyancy, 1-4, horizontal thrust, 1-5, angle, 2, connecting line, 3,3-axis acceleration sensor, 4, open channel flow velocity flow monitoring device, 4-1, gravity type flow sensor, 4-2, distance measuring sensor, 4-3, microcontroller, 4-4, GSM/GPRS communication module, 5, water surface curve, 6, Qu Qiang, 7, access bridge, 8, canal base plate, 9, flow direction, 10, power supply.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specification drawings and specific embodiments, content of the present invention is elaborated.
The gravity type flow sensor: as shown in Figure 2, this gravity type flow sensor 4-1 consists of gravitation ball 1, connecting line 2 and 3-axis acceleration sensor 3 three parts., quality large with tensile strength gently, not hydrophilic connecting line 2, one end is fixed in access bridge 7 bottoms of open channel top, the other end connects certain mass, density is greater than water, ganoid gravitation ball 1, hang on open channel base plate 8 tops, near the stiff end of connecting line, connect 3-axis acceleration sensor 3.As shown in Figure 1, be immersed in the gravitation ball 1 of water surface curve below 5, can be under the pulling force 1-2 and the acting in conjunction of current to the horizontal thrust 1-4 of spheroid of gravity 1-1, buoyancy 1-3, connecting line, dynamic stress balance.According to the triangle geometric relationship, by force analysis as can be known, the pulling force 1-2 that spheroid is subject to and horizontal thrust 1-4 are the components of gravity 1-1.
Utilize 3-axis acceleration sensor 3 to measure the angle 1-5 angle of pulling force and gravity: when current 9 flow velocitys are zero, current do not produce horizontal thrust 1-4 to spheroid, the size of pulling force is the difference of the suffered gravity 1-1 of spheroid and buoyancy 1-3, the direction of pulling force straight up, the angle 1-5 of pulling force 1-2 and gravity 1-1 is zero, records the initial acceleration vector (X of 3-axis acceleration sensor 3 this moment
0, Y
0, Z
0).When current 9 flow velocitys greater than zero the time, current must produce horizontal thrust 1-4 to spheroid, horizontal thrust can change the size and Orientation of pulling force 1-2, make pulling force and gravity produce an angle 1-5,3-axis acceleration sensor 3 gathers instantaneous vector acceleration (X, Y at this moment, Z), instantaneous vector (X, Y, Z) and initial vector (X
0, Y
0, Z
0) can calculate the angle of the angle 1-5 of pulling force and gravity by the space vector angle formulae, then, by force analysis, utilize the trigonometric function formula just can inquire into and instantaneous horizontal thrust 1-4, this horizontal thrust is fluid resistance.Calculate finally the instantaneous velocity of current according to the fluid resistance equation.
Open channel flow velocity flow monitoring device: as shown in Figure 3, this open channel flow velocity flow monitoring device 4 comprises above-mentioned gravity type flow sensor 4-1, distance measuring sensor 4-2, microcontroller 4-3, GSM/GPRS communication module 4-4 and power supply 10.By to microcontroller 4-3 programming, as shown in Figure 4, every basic parameter of preliminary setting data handling procedure, comprise quality, radius of sphericity, fluid density, sample frequency, open channel height and the open channel width of gravitation ball.Adopt the compound filter algorithm to carry out filtering processing, the X of the vector acceleration of first initialization 3-axis acceleration sensor 3 to the white noise signal of 3-axis acceleration sensor 3 outputs
0, Y
0, Z
0Value, then according to sample frequency, X, Y, the Z value of instantaneous acceleration vector are sampled, then utilize the space vector angle formulae to calculate the angle of instantaneous angle, inquire into instantaneous velocity according to the fluid resistance equation finally.Calculate the depth of water by the distance that distance measuring sensor 4-2 measures between open channel flow velocity flow monitoring device 4 and water surface curve 5,, in conjunction with open channel actual profile dimension conversion water-carrying section, calculate the open-channel flow flow according to flow velocity and water-carrying section finally.The Monitoring Data of flow velocity, the depth of water, flow can be uploaded to internet in real time so that inquiry by GSM/GPRS communication module 4-4, can also programme to microcontroller 4-3, use phone and note as operational order, the basic parameter in data processor is revised and adjusted to interactively, thereby make open channel flow velocity flow monitoring device can adapt to various monitoring of environmental.
Claims (10)
1. gravity type flow sensor, formed by gravitation ball (1), connecting line (2), 3-axis acceleration sensor (3) three parts, it is characterized in that: utilize 3-axis acceleration sensor (3) to measure the angle of the angle (1-5) of the suffered pulling force of gravitation ball (1) (1-2) and gravity (1-1), thereby inquire into the horizontal thrust (1-4) of current to spheroid, this horizontal thrust is fluid resistance, calculates flow rate of water flow according to the fluid resistance equation finally.
2. gravity type flow sensor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described 3-axis acceleration sensor (3) can be pressure resistance type, piezoelectric type or capacitive digital sensor.
3. gravity type flow sensor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described connecting line (2) be have that tensile strength is large, quality gently, not nylon fishing line or the wire of water-wet behavior.
4. gravity type flow sensor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described gravitation ball (1) can be hollow ball or medicine ball, but must be smooth surface, and average density is greater than the spherosome of water-mass density, the material of gravitation ball can be glass, organic glass or aluminium alloy.
5. gravitation ball according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the radius of sphericity of gravitation ball (1) and spheroid average density are the key factors that the fluid resistance equation is inquired into flow rate of water flow.
6. gravity type flow sensor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described angle (1-5) is that gravitation ball (1) is immersed in situation in water fully, the initial acceleration vector (X that is gathered by 3-axis acceleration sensor (3)
0, Y
0, Z
0) and the instantaneous angle that calculates in conjunction with the space vector angle formulae of instantaneous acceleration vector (X, Y, Z).
7. gravity type flow sensor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described flow velocity is not limited to the flow velocity of " current " this a kind of fluid, according to the principle of similitude in fluid mechanics and resistance equation as can be known, this sensor goes for the fluid-velocity survey of air, alcohol or other " Newtonian fluids ".
8. open channel flow velocity flow monitoring device, by gravity type flow sensor claimed in claim 1 (4-1), distance measuring sensor (4-2), microcontroller (4-3), GSM/GPRS communication module (4-4), power supply (10) forms, it is characterized in that: by microcontroller (4-3) is programmed, utilize gravity type flow sensor (4-1) to measure flow rate of water flow, utilize distance measuring sensor (4-2) conversion open channel water-carrying section, thereby calculating open channel flow rate, utilize finally GSM/GPRS communication module (4-4) to realize the function with the interactive adjustment parameter of short-message instruction uploaded of Monitoring Data.
9. open channel flow velocity flow monitoring device according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: described distance measuring sensor (4-2) can be ultrasonic distance-measuring sensor, laser range sensor or infrared distance measuring sensor.
10. open channel flow velocity flow monitoring device according to claim 8, is characterized in that: the single-chip microcomputer that described microcontroller (4-3) can be Arduino series, ARM is serial or MCS51 is serial.
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Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103591925A (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2014-02-19 | 浙江理工大学 | Mobile platform rotation angle measuring method based on three-axis acceleration sensor |
| CN103953855A (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2014-07-30 | 兰州交通大学 | Non-full-flow round tube real-time flow remote monitoring device |
| CN104166012A (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2014-11-26 | 华中科技大学 | Flow speed and flow direction monitoring device suitable for muddy fluid |
| CN105527453A (en) * | 2015-08-04 | 2016-04-27 | 珠江水利委员会珠江水利科学研究院 | Self-recording different sand content water flow rate measuring device and measuring method |
| CN106483326A (en) * | 2016-09-21 | 2017-03-08 | 北京南科大蓝色科技有限公司 | A kind of subsoil water detecting system |
| CN108548936A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-09-18 | 冉乔文 | A kind of measurement device and method suitable for liquid surface flow velocity |
| CN108601558A (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2018-09-28 | 普林斯顿大学 | Elastic filament velocity sensor |
| CN110794169A (en) * | 2019-10-10 | 2020-02-14 | 沈阳化工大学 | Intelligent monitoring system for water flow condition in seabed-imitated ocean current experiment |
| CN110986935A (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-04-10 | 陕西瑞特测控技术有限公司 | Indoor pipeline positioning method based on inertial sensor |
| CN110987091A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-04-10 | 中绿环保科技股份有限公司 | Liquid flow and liquid level continuous online monitoring method and device |
| CN111812351A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-10-23 | 上海大学 | Method for measuring flow velocity of molten steel near surface of crystallizer |
| CN112484790A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-03-12 | 江阴威尔胜仪表制造有限公司 | Flow measuring device |
| CN113375733A (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2021-09-10 | 水利部水土保持监测中心 | Open channel automatic flow measuring device based on flow cross section area measurement and flow measuring method thereof |
| CN117233415A (en) * | 2023-11-16 | 2023-12-15 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | Method and device for monitoring flow velocity of dam opening of barrier lake |
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Cited By (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103591925A (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2014-02-19 | 浙江理工大学 | Mobile platform rotation angle measuring method based on three-axis acceleration sensor |
| CN103953855A (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2014-07-30 | 兰州交通大学 | Non-full-flow round tube real-time flow remote monitoring device |
| CN103953855B (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2017-05-17 | 兰州交通大学 | Non-full-flow round tube real-time flow remote monitoring device |
| CN104166012A (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2014-11-26 | 华中科技大学 | Flow speed and flow direction monitoring device suitable for muddy fluid |
| CN104166012B (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2017-08-01 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of flow rate and direction monitoring device for being applied to muddy fluid |
| CN105527453B (en) * | 2015-08-04 | 2018-12-25 | 珠江水利委员会珠江水利科学研究院 | A kind of note formula wide sediment concentration range flow velocity measuring device and measuring method certainly |
| CN105527453A (en) * | 2015-08-04 | 2016-04-27 | 珠江水利委员会珠江水利科学研究院 | Self-recording different sand content water flow rate measuring device and measuring method |
| CN108601558B (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2020-12-18 | 普林斯顿大学 | Elastic wire speed sensor |
| CN108601558A (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2018-09-28 | 普林斯顿大学 | Elastic filament velocity sensor |
| CN106483326B (en) * | 2016-09-21 | 2019-09-13 | 北京南科大蓝色科技有限公司 | A kind of underground water detection system |
| CN106483326A (en) * | 2016-09-21 | 2017-03-08 | 北京南科大蓝色科技有限公司 | A kind of subsoil water detecting system |
| CN108548936A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-09-18 | 冉乔文 | A kind of measurement device and method suitable for liquid surface flow velocity |
| CN110794169B (en) * | 2019-10-10 | 2021-09-10 | 沈阳化工大学 | Intelligent monitoring system for water flow condition in seabed-imitated ocean current experiment |
| CN110794169A (en) * | 2019-10-10 | 2020-02-14 | 沈阳化工大学 | Intelligent monitoring system for water flow condition in seabed-imitated ocean current experiment |
| CN110987091A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-04-10 | 中绿环保科技股份有限公司 | Liquid flow and liquid level continuous online monitoring method and device |
| CN110986935A (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-04-10 | 陕西瑞特测控技术有限公司 | Indoor pipeline positioning method based on inertial sensor |
| CN111812351A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-10-23 | 上海大学 | Method for measuring flow velocity of molten steel near surface of crystallizer |
| CN112484790A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-03-12 | 江阴威尔胜仪表制造有限公司 | Flow measuring device |
| CN112484790B (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2024-03-08 | 江苏威尔胜电子科技有限公司 | Flow measuring device |
| CN113375733A (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2021-09-10 | 水利部水土保持监测中心 | Open channel automatic flow measuring device based on flow cross section area measurement and flow measuring method thereof |
| CN117233415A (en) * | 2023-11-16 | 2023-12-15 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | Method and device for monitoring flow velocity of dam opening of barrier lake |
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Application publication date: 20131113 |