CN103389220A - Test detection method of load shedding equivalent weight of large bridge crane - Google Patents
Test detection method of load shedding equivalent weight of large bridge crane Download PDFInfo
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- CN103389220A CN103389220A CN2013103314237A CN201310331423A CN103389220A CN 103389220 A CN103389220 A CN 103389220A CN 2013103314237 A CN2013103314237 A CN 2013103314237A CN 201310331423 A CN201310331423 A CN 201310331423A CN 103389220 A CN103389220 A CN 103389220A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of detection of bridge cranes, particularly relates to a test detection method of load shedding equivalent weight of a large bridge crane, and solves the problem existing in a load test of a large-tonnage bridge crane. According to the method, stress data and displacement data of bridge cranes with different spans under different lifting loads are tested and recorded, continuous approximately-real mapping of the lifting loads, stress and displacement is obtained with a neural network numerical method; stress and displacement of a structure under the load shedding and lifting load actions are obtained through a load shedding test of a to-be-detected bridge crane, stress similitude ratios and displacement similitude ratios of the to-be-detected bridge crane and a detected crane are calculated when the lifting load ratios of the to-be-detected bridge crane and the detected crane are equal to rated lift load ratios, and stress and displacement of the to-be-detected bridge crane in the static test are calculated according to the stress, the displacement data, the stress similitude ratio and the displacement similitude ratio of the detected crane in the static test. The method improves the economic efficiency and the safety of the detection test of the large bridge crane.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to overhead travelling crane check field, be specifically related to a kind of large bridge crane load shedding method for testing and detecting.
Background technology
According to relevant rules, special equipment supervision and inspection department needs regularly crane to be detected, to guarantee that crane normally uses.At present, generally adopt method of testing to be in overhead traveling crane machinery supervision and inspection,, by progressively being loaded on 1.25 times of test loads of specified lifted load, observe crane structure and have or not the span centre displacement of obvious crackle and measurement crane whether to meet the correlation technique regulation.The pass of crane system load and stress, displacement is reduced to linearity, not yet system research experiment while tying up to design.Along with continuous maximization, the heavy loading of crane, large bridge crane detects in test and following problem occurred: 1, the test load quality is large, and load prepares, deposits, transports difficulty, and what have also needs to prepare suspender.2, the accurate preparation difficulty of test load, the accuracy of test load directly affects the accuracy of testing result.Load is less can not reach test objective, load than the conference damaged structure, affect safety.3, unknown to the crane structure load-bearing capacity before the detection, there is safety problem in test.
The Crane Load test method, be to start with from load mode mostly at present, utilizes the testing field condition, carries the charger of ladle test method, craning weight of same test etc. such as casting overhead travelling crane string.But these methods are for large-scale, ultra-large type crane, and experimentation cost is higher, are difficult to effectively solve the safety problem of test.Some methods adopts model test to verify the load-bearing capacity of crane structure design, but this test can not reflect the practical structures performance of the impacts such as crane concrete is restrictedly made, installation, and is therefore not pointed to detected object.
Summary of the invention
The problems referred to above that the present invention exists in order to solve existing large-tonnage overhead travelling crane load test, provide a kind of large bridge crane load shedding equivalent method for testing and detecting.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize:
Large bridge crane load shedding equivalent method for testing and detecting,, by at crane structure material working range build-in test, the overhead travelling crane that records the different spans of GB/T790-1995 regulation span series, namely having surveyed the data of crane Stress and displacement under different lifted loads, adopt the neural network numerical method to obtain the lifted load of continuous approaching to reality and stress, displacement map; By wish being detected the test of overhead travelling crane load shedding, obtain the Stress and displacement of structure under the effect of load shedding lifted load, calculate wish and detect crane and the stress similitude ratio of testing the crane hoisting load ratio and equal specified lifted load ratio, the displacement ratio of similitude,, by surveying stress, displacement data and stress, the displacement ratio of similitude of crane under the static test lifted load, calculate stress, displacement under wish detection crane static test lifted load.
Concrete steps are as follows,
1), the overhead travelling crane of the different spans of GB/T790-1995 regulation span series namely surveyed the crane step stress test,
Testing and record girder is overhead travelling crane stress under different lifted loads of box-type section
And displacement
, lifted load
By
Increase and be about step by step
Until
,
It is the static test lifted load;
It is as follows that overhead travelling crane loads the test detailed step step by step:
A), record the design parameter of overhead travelling crane type, comprise that each is to physical dimension, specified lifted load
, the crane fixed load
, the suspender quality
, each comprises span to physical dimension
S、Web is high
h, flange plate is wide
B, the top flange thickness of slab
, the lower flange thickness of slab
,
B), at the dangerous point place of bridging crane main beam dangerouse cross-section, paste some foil gauges,
C), that dolly is reached girder span centre position is unloaded, the calibration strain sheet is measured 0 point, measure girder span centre vertical direction position and be designated as displacement 0 point,
D), the 0.1 times of specified lifted load that hoists in girder span centre position, during the strain testing value stabilization, the stress value that records of record
, measure and record girder span centre displacement this moment
,
E), lifted load
By
Beginning with
Increase step by step for increment until
Be the static test lifted load, value stabilization to be tested records respectively the lifted load of every one-level and stress, displacement data,
F), the data that obtained by above-mentioned test, set up the Nonlinear Mapping of lifted load and stress, displacement with the BP neural net method; The BP neural network is input as lifted load, is output as Stress and displacement, and transfer function is the sigmoid function,
2), the overhead travelling crane load shedding test that detects of wish,
A), obtain the two girder overhead travelling crane of box-type section of wish detection respectively to physical dimension, specified lifted load
, fixed load
, the suspender quality
, the load ratio of similitude is
,
Detect the specified lifted load of overhead travelling crane for wish,
The overhead travelling crane that has carried out step stress test test for step 1) has namely been surveyed the specified lifted load of crane;
B), load shedding ratio
k=load shedding lifted load/static test load, as guarantee that the displacement measurement under the load shedding lifted load meets GB/T21457-2008 to the dimensional measurement requirement, i.e. test allows relative error less than 2%, requirement
, by crane structure design rigidity condition as can be known,
, use
Approximate representation load shedding ratio is
kThe time displacement, the load shedding ratio
kNeed to meet
, in like manner can obtain stress test error, stress test permissible error and load shedding proportionate relationship
, consider, guarantee displacement, stress test determine precision load shedding ratio
k, preparation meets the load shedding lifted load of testing tool error and accuracy requirement
,
D), detect crane by wish and load the load shedding lifted load
With the load ratio of similitude be
, calculate the similar load shedding lifted load of having surveyed overhead travelling crane
,
E), utilize the neural network mapping of the load set up in step 1) and stress, displacement, calculation procedure 1) in surveyed crane in similar load shedding lifted load
Under, similar stress
, displacement
,
F), with step 2) in c) and e) in stress, shift value calculated stress ratio of similitude
, the displacement ratio of similitude
,
G), different crane structure material is all steel, the elastic modulus modular ratio
, by static problem in similarity theory, dimension theory, physical quantity similarity relation
,
, wherein
The expression wish detects and surveys overhead travelling crane respective physical amount ratio of similitude, and is concrete
For the span ratio of similitude,
For cross section composite bending modulus ratio of similitude,
For the cross sectional moment of inertia ratio of similitude,
For modular ratio; When the span ratio of similitude
, the load ratio of similitude
, modular ratio
The time, girder displacement ratio of similitude
, additional displacement and stress that the crane stand under load is subjected to displacement rear generation still are similar to and meet former stress, displacement similarity relation, can be similar to and think that stress, displacement ratio of similitude do not change with lifted load; By step 2) d) as can be known
, static test load
, can obtain
By with co-relation as can be known: if wish detects and surveyed crane and determine, if the load ratio of similitude of lifted load
Identical, stress similitude ratio so
, the displacement ratio of similitude
, namely under static load load, wish detection crane stress is
, displacement is
, wherein
,
Represent respectively in step 1) to have surveyed stress, the displacement of crane under static test load.
The present invention based on the overhead travelling crane load shedding test unit that hoists, corresponding device comprises: the test pre-processing module, be calculating section, be used for calculating the load shedding ratio., by error of calculation requirement, test error precision and load shedding ratio Relations Among calculative determination load shedding ratio, select loading for stress, displacement measurement and do homework.
Stress, displacement measurement module, be existing member, is used for stress, the displacement of test overhead travelling crane structure and inputs computing machine so that the data subsequent treatment.Stress test can be used the strain electrical measurement, and displacement measurement can be used transit, for stress, displacement calculating provide data.
The software for calculation processing module, be calculating section,, based on the mapping of similarity theory and neural network, draws wish by software for calculation and detect Stress and displacement under crane static test load.
The present invention, by reducing large bridge crane load test loaded load, has improved large bridge crane and has detected economy, the security of testing.Spend up to 170,000 yuan as Ge Zhou Ba 275 tons of load test blocks of Crane Load test preparation in 1989, and adopt method of the present invention, can meet under specified accuracy, the load preparative-scale is significantly dwindled, list prepares with regard to load the objective expense of just can saving.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is process flow diagram of the present invention,
Fig. 2 is the present invention's test unit module relationship used schematic diagram,
Fig. 3 is placed with position view for the test foil gauge,
Fig. 4 is the A-A sectional view of Fig. 3.
Embodiment
Large bridge crane load shedding equivalent method for testing and detecting, by at crane structure material working range build-in test, record the data of overhead travelling crane Stress and displacement under different lifted loads, the lifted load that utilization obtains by test the overhead travelling crane of the different spans of GB/T790-1995 regulation span series and stress, displacement data, employing neural network numerical method obtain the lifted load of continuous approaching to reality and stress, displacement map; By wish being detected the test of overhead travelling crane load shedding, obtain the Stress and displacement of structure under the effect of load shedding lifted load, calculate wish and detect crane and the stress similitude ratio of testing the crane hoisting load ratio and equal specified lifted load ratio, the displacement ratio of similitude,, by surveying stress, displacement data and stress, the displacement ratio of similitude of crane under the static test lifted load, calculate stress, displacement under wish detection crane static test lifted load.
Concrete steps are as follows,
1), the overhead travelling crane step stress test,
Testing and record girder is overhead travelling crane stress under different lifted loads of box-type section
And displacement
, lifted load
By
Increase and be about step by step
Until
,
It is the static test lifted load;
It is as follows that overhead travelling crane loads the test detailed step step by step:
A), record the design parameter of overhead travelling crane type, comprise that each is to physical dimension, specified lifted load
, the crane fixed load
, the suspender quality
, each comprises span to physical dimension
S、Web is high
h, flange plate is wide
B, the top flange thickness of slab
, the lower flange thickness of slab
,
B), at the dangerous point place of bridging crane main beam dangerouse cross-section, paste some foil gauges, be generally 4,
C), that dolly is reached girder span centre position is unloaded, the calibration strain sheet is measured 0 point, measure girder span centre vertical direction position and be designated as displacement 0 point,
D), the 0.1 times of specified lifted load that hoists in girder span centre position, during the strain testing value stabilization, the stress value that records of record
, measure and record girder span centre displacement this moment
,
E), lifted load
By
Beginning with
Increase step by step for increment until
Be the static test lifted load, value stabilization to be tested records respectively the lifted load of every one-level and stress, displacement data,
F), the data that obtained by above-mentioned test, set up the Nonlinear Mapping of lifted load and stress, displacement with the BP neural net method; The BP neural network is input as lifted load, is output as Stress and displacement, and transfer function is the sigmoid function, and the BP method for establishing network model is very ripe, and realization can not describe in detail at this with reference to related data in detail,
2), overhead travelling crane load shedding test,
A), obtain the two girder overhead travelling crane of box-type section of wish detection respectively to physical dimension, specified lifted load
, fixed load
, the suspender quality
, the load ratio of similitude is
,
Detect the specified lifted load of overhead travelling crane for wish,
Carried out the specified lifted load of the overhead travelling crane of step stress test test for step 1);
B), during GB/T21457-2008/ISO9373:1989 crane and relevant device are tested, the measuring accuracy of parameter requires to have stipulated the relative error ultimate value of the basic parameters such as size, quality; GB/T14405-2011 has stipulated that the double girder overhead crane full load allows maximum displacement, and theoretical displacement calculating is less than displacement allowable.The load shedding ratio
k=load shedding lifted load/static test load, as guarantee that the displacement measurement under the load shedding lifted load meets GB/T21457-2008 to the dimensional measurement requirement, namely test error is less than 2%, requirement
.
, use
Approximate representation load shedding ratio is
kThe time displacement, the load shedding ratio
kNeed to meet
, in like manner can obtain stress test error, stress test permissible error and load shedding proportionate relationship
.Consider, guarantee displacement, stress test determine precision load shedding ratio
k, preparation meets the load shedding lifted load of measuring accuracy requirement
,
D), detect crane by wish and load the load shedding lifted load
With the load ratio of similitude be
, calculate the similar load shedding lifted load of having surveyed overhead travelling crane
,
E), utilize the neural network mapping of the load set up in step 1) and stress, displacement, calculation procedure 1) in surveyed crane in similar load shedding lifted load
Under, similar stress
, displacement
,
F), with step 2) in c) and e) in stress, shift value calculated stress ratio of similitude
, the displacement ratio of similitude
,
G), different crane material is all steel, the elastic modulus modular ratio
, by static problem in similarity theory, dimension theory, physical quantity similarity relation
,
, wherein
The expression wish detects and surveys overhead travelling crane respective physical amount ratio of similitude, and is concrete
For the span ratio of similitude,
For cross section composite bending modulus ratio of similitude,
For the cross sectional moment of inertia ratio of similitude,
For modular ratio; When the span ratio of similitude
, the load ratio of similitude
, modular ratio
The time, girder displacement ratio of similitude
, additional displacement and stress that the crane stand under load is subjected to displacement rear generation still are similar to and meet former stress, displacement similarity relation, can be similar to and think that stress, displacement ratio of similitude do not change with lifted load; By step 2) d) as can be known
, static test load
, can obtain
By with co-relation as can be known: if wish detects and surveyed crane and determine, if the load ratio of similitude of lifted load
Identical, stress similitude ratio so
, the displacement ratio of similitude
, namely under static load load, wish detection crane stress is
, displacement is
, wherein
,
Represent respectively in step 1) to have surveyed stress, the displacement of crane under static test load.
Embodiment:
1, by loading step by step the stress of the box-type section double girder overhead crane that specified lifted load of test is 50t
And displacement
, partial data such as following table:
The data that obtained by test, set up the Nonlinear Mapping of lifted load and stress, displacement with the BP neural net method; The BP neural network is input as lifted load and is output as Stress and displacement, and the sigmoid function is transfer function.Need computer to realize with BP neural network model, and have the documents and materials can reference, at this, do not describe in detail.
Now wish is that 200t span 28.5m working level is that the box-type section double girder overhead crane of A5 carries out the load shedding test to a specified lifted load.
1, obtain goliath respectively to physical dimension (the high 2080mm of web, the thick 14mm of main web, the thick 12mm of secondary web, the wide 1450mm of top flange plate, the wide 1300mm of bottom wing listrium, top flange thickness of slab 22mm, lower flange thickness of slab 22mm), wish detects crane and loads step by step test Crane Load ratio of similitude
.
2, specified lifted load is that the overhead travelling crane static test load of 200t is 250t, and displacement allowable is 35.6mm, with measuring accuracy be ± transit of 0.2mm tests displacement,
The stress test relative error is 0.5%, if stress test allows relative error, is 2%,
Consider, guarantee displacement, stress test precision, choose the load shedding ratio
, the load shedding lifted load is 75t.
3, wish is detected crane and load 75 tons of lifted loads, test stress is that 30.8Mpa, displacement are 9.1mm.
4,
T, these data not in the test data table, needing to obtain lifted load with the generalization ability that utilizes the BP neural network is that stress 21.9Mpa, displacement under 18.75 tons is 9.0mm.
5, calculating wish detects and surveys overhead travelling crane stress similitude ratio
, the displacement ratio of similitude
.
7, the stress of wish detection overhead travelling crane under static load load 250t is
Mpa, displacement are
Mm.
As adopt Static Load Test Method to detect this crane, be subjected to the testing expenses of concrete site condition differentia influence widely different.This load shedding test method is compared with general Static Load Test Method, heap(ed) capacity saving 70%, can save and loads cost approximately 70%, and time, human cost also have certain reduction.
Claims (2)
1. large bridge crane load shedding equivalent method for testing and detecting, it is characterized in that: by at crane structure material working range build-in test, record, the overhead travelling crane of the different spans of GB/T790-1995 regulation span series has namely been surveyed the data of crane Stress and displacement under different lifted loads, adopts the neural network numerical method to obtain the lifted load of continuous approaching to reality and stress, displacement map; By wish being detected the test of overhead travelling crane load shedding, obtain the Stress and displacement of structure under the effect of load shedding lifted load, calculate wish and detect crane and the stress similitude ratio of surveying the crane hoisting load ratio and equal specified lifted load ratio, the displacement ratio of similitude,, by surveying stress, displacement data and stress, the displacement ratio of similitude of crane under the static test lifted load, calculate stress, displacement under wish detection crane static test lifted load.
2. large bridge crane load shedding equivalent method for testing and detecting according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: concrete steps are as follows,
1), the overhead travelling crane of the different spans of GB/T790-1995 regulation span series namely surveyed the crane step stress test,
Testing and record girder is overhead travelling crane stress under different lifted loads of box-type section
And displacement
, lifted load
By
Increase and be about step by step
Until
,
It is the static test lifted load;
It is as follows that overhead travelling crane loads the test detailed step step by step:
A), record the design parameter of overhead travelling crane type, comprise that each is to physical dimension, specified lifted load
, the crane fixed load
, the suspender quality
, each comprises span to physical dimension
S、Web is high
h, flange plate is wide
B, the top flange thickness of slab
, the lower flange thickness of slab
,
B), at the dangerous point place of bridging crane main beam dangerouse cross-section, paste some foil gauges,
C), that dolly is reached girder span centre position is unloaded, the calibration strain sheet is measured 0 point, measure girder span centre vertical direction position and be designated as displacement 0 point,
D), the 0.1 times of specified lifted load that hoists in girder span centre position, during the strain testing value stabilization, the stress value that records of record
, measure and record girder span centre displacement this moment
,
E), lifted load
By
Beginning with
Increase step by step for increment until
Be the static test lifted load, value stabilization to be tested records respectively the lifted load of every one-level and stress, displacement data,
F), the data that obtained by above-mentioned test, set up the Nonlinear Mapping of lifted load and stress, displacement with the BP neural net method; The BP neural network is input as lifted load, is output as Stress and displacement, and transfer function is the sigmoid function,
2), the overhead travelling crane load shedding test that detects of wish,
A), obtain the two girder overhead travelling crane of box-type section of wish detection respectively to physical dimension, specified lifted load
, fixed load
, the suspender quality
, the load ratio of similitude is
,
Detect the specified lifted load of overhead travelling crane for wish,
The overhead travelling crane that has carried out step stress test test for step 1) has namely been surveyed the specified lifted load of crane;
B), load shedding ratio
k=load shedding lifted load/static test load, as guarantee that the displacement measurement under the load shedding lifted load meets GB/T21457-2008 to the dimensional measurement requirement, i.e. test allows relative error less than 2%, requirement
, by crane structure design rigidity condition as can be known,
, use
Approximate representation load shedding ratio is
kThe time displacement, the load shedding ratio
kNeed to meet
, in like manner can obtain stress test error, stress test permissible error and load shedding proportionate relationship
, consider, guarantee displacement, stress test determine precision load shedding ratio
k, preparation meets the load shedding lifted load of testing tool error and accuracy requirement
,
D), detect crane by wish and load the load shedding lifted load
With the load ratio of similitude be
, calculate the similar load shedding lifted load of having surveyed overhead travelling crane
,
E), utilize the neural network mapping of the load set up in step 1) and stress, displacement, calculation procedure 1) in surveyed crane in similar load shedding lifted load
Under, similar stress
, displacement
,
F), with step 2) in c) and e) in stress, shift value calculated stress ratio of similitude
, the displacement ratio of similitude
,
G), different crane structure material is all steel, the elastic modulus modular ratio
, by static problem in similarity theory, dimension theory, physical quantity similarity relation
,
, wherein
The expression wish detects and surveys overhead travelling crane respective physical amount ratio of similitude, and is concrete
For the span ratio of similitude,
For cross section composite bending modulus ratio of similitude,
For the cross sectional moment of inertia ratio of similitude,
For modular ratio; When the span ratio of similitude
, the load ratio of similitude
, modular ratio
The time, girder displacement ratio of similitude
, additional displacement and stress that the crane stand under load is subjected to displacement rear generation still are similar to and meet former stress, displacement similarity relation, can be similar to and think that stress, displacement ratio of similitude do not change with lifted load; By step 2) d) as can be known
, static test load
, can obtain
By with co-relation as can be known: if wish detects and surveyed crane and determine, if the load ratio of similitude of lifted load
Identical, stress similitude ratio so
, the displacement ratio of similitude
, namely under static load load, wish detection crane stress is
, displacement is
, wherein
,
Represent respectively in step 1) to have surveyed stress, the displacement of crane under static test load.
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CN106441867A (en) * | 2016-09-22 | 2017-02-22 | 北京航空航天大学 | Spiral bevel gear tooth root bending stress testing method in consideration with dynamic load based on similarity theory |
CN114279294A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-04-05 | 中车大同电力机车有限公司 | Displacement testing method for coupler for locomotive |
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104483149A (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2015-04-01 | 大连船舶重工集团有限公司 | Stowage obtaining method for floating ocean platform crane load test |
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CN106441867B (en) * | 2016-09-22 | 2019-01-29 | 北京航空航天大学 | Based on the considerations of the spiral bevel gear Dedenda's bending stress test method of similarity theory dynamic loading |
CN114279294A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-04-05 | 中车大同电力机车有限公司 | Displacement testing method for coupler for locomotive |
CN114279294B (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2023-10-03 | 中车大同电力机车有限公司 | Locomotive coupler displacement testing method |
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