CN103389049B - The adjustment that lathe cradle-type composite turntable axial space intersects vertically and detection method - Google Patents
The adjustment that lathe cradle-type composite turntable axial space intersects vertically and detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103389049B CN103389049B CN201210141478.7A CN201210141478A CN103389049B CN 103389049 B CN103389049 B CN 103389049B CN 201210141478 A CN201210141478 A CN 201210141478A CN 103389049 B CN103389049 B CN 103389049B
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Abstract
The invention provides adjustment and detection method that a kind of lathe cradle-type composite turntable axial space intersects vertically, belong to field of precision measurement, particularly geometry of machinery scale error fields of measurement.The inventive method utilizes laser alignment instrument or laser instrument and two-dimensional position-sensitive detector and the optical element spatial vertical to the A axle of lathe cradle-type composite turntable and B axle to intersect to carry out adjust and detect.The inventive method utilizes optical means to replace traditional mandrel and detects the vertical method of numerically-controlled machine A, B axle, the adjustment of cradle-type worktable two revolving shaft space intersection and the detection of verticality in perfect Machine Manufacture process, improve detection efficiency and accuracy of detection.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of precision measurement, particularly geometry of machinery scale error fields of measurement, be specifically related to adjustment that a kind of lathe cradle-type composite turntable axial space intersects vertically and detection method.
Background technology
Five-axis NC machine center comprises X, Y, Z tri-linear axes and A, B two revolving shaftes, and wherein A axle turntable is along horizontal axis, and B axle turntable is along vertical axes.In numerically-controlled machine manufactures, the axis of A, B turntable needs space intersection and vertical.The mode of current many employings standard mandrel and dial gauge is measured, and it adjusts complexity, wastes time and energy, and the error of mandrel is introduced directly into measuring error, and accuracy of detection is not high.Such as, " three-surface static pressure closed guide rail high speed, Precision numerical control rotary workbench " in " high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment " scientific and technological key special subjects is studied according to traditional adjustment detection method, just can not meet its technical requirement in developing.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve the difficult problem existed in above-mentioned prior art, the adjustment providing a kind of lathe cradle-type composite turntable axial space to intersect vertically and detection method, utilize optical means to replace traditional mandrel and detect the vertical method of numerically-controlled machine A, B axle, simplify the adjustment of cradle-type worktable two revolving shaft space intersection and the detection of verticality in Machine Manufacture process, improve detection efficiency and accuracy of detection.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions: the adjustment that a kind of lathe cradle-type composite turntable axial space intersects vertically and detection method, described lathe cradle-type composite turntable comprises the vertical B axle turntable of the A1 axle turntable of axis of rotation level, A2 axle turntable and axis of rotation and cradle, the revolving shaft of described A1 axle turntable is defined as A1 axle, the revolving shaft of A2 axle turntable is defined as A2 axle, and described A1 axle is defined as A axle together with A2 axle; The revolving shaft of described B axle turntable is defined as B axle; Described A1 axle, A2 axle and B axle are all virtual axis;
Described method utilizes laser alignment instrument or laser instrument and two-dimensional position-sensitive detector and the optical element spatial vertical to the A axle of lathe cradle-type composite turntable and B axle to intersect to carry out adjust and detect.
The optical element that described method adopts comprises high precision pentagonal prism or 90 ° and turns to prism and Amici prism or semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens; The laser beam that described laser alignment instrument or laser instrument emit by described method is as datum axis, and the laser beam of the laser beam described laser alignment instrument or laser instrument emitted after described high precision pentagonal prism or 90 ° turn to prism to turn back is as 90 ° of standard angle of relatively described datum axis.
Said method comprising the steps of:
(1), when cradle and B axle turntable not being loaded onto, using laser alignment instrument by A1 axle and A2 shaft assignment, both axis are located on the same line;
(2), the Laser emission end S of laser alignment instrument is arranged on A1 axle turntable center, first receiving end M1 of laser alignment instrument is arranged on A2 axle turntable center, second receiving end M2 of laser alignment instrument is arranged on the top of A axle, and Amici prism or semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens is fixed in the light path between Laser emission end S and the first receiving end M1; Adjust the position of the first receiving end M1 and the second receiving end M2 until the light beam that Laser emission end S sends overlaps completely with the axis of A1 axle and A2 axle;
(3) Laser emission end S is taken off from A1 axle turntable, and cradle and B axle turntable are loaded onto, then in light path high precision pentagonal prism or 90 ° being turned to prism to be fixed between A1 axle turntable and Amici prism or semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens, and making high precision pentagonal prism or 90 ° turn to the plane of incidence of prism to aim at B axle center, exit facet aims at Amici prism or semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens; Laser emission end S is arranged on B axle turntable center, and the position and the attitude that then adjust B axle turntable and Laser emission end S make B axle and A axle intersect vertically.
The top that described the second receiving end M2 by laser alignment instrument in described step (2) is arranged on A axle is achieved in that to be fixed in a two-dimentional levelling moving stage by the second receiving end M2, then described two-dimentional levelling moving stage is fixed on above A axle by a mechanical connection plate.
Described adjustment first receiving end M1 in described step (2) and the position of the second receiving end M2 are until the axis of the light beam that sends of Laser emission end S and A1 axle and A2 axle overlaps completely specifically comprises the following steps:
(A1) keep the first receiving end M1 and the second receiving end M2 motionless, read in the reading value that A1 axle turntable rotates the first receiving end M1 and the second receiving end M2 shown to laser alignment instrument when 0 ° and 180 ° of two angle positions respectively; Again along the position adjusting the first receiving end M1 and the second receiving end M2 from the luminous point of Amici prism or semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens light beam out in the direction of the first receiving end M1 and the second receiving end M2 movement respectively, make reading value equal and opposite in direction when 0 ° of its each comfortable A1 axle turntable and 180 ° of angle positions, symbol is contrary;
(A2) keep the first receiving end M1 and the second receiving end M2 motionless, read in the reading value that A1 axle turntable rotates the first receiving end M1 and the second receiving end M2 shown to laser alignment instrument when 90 ° and 270 ° of two angle positions respectively; Again along the position adjusting the first receiving end M1 and the second receiving end M2 from the luminous point of Amici prism or semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens light beam out in the direction of the first receiving end M1 and the second receiving end M2 movement respectively, make reading value equal and opposite in direction when 90 ° of its each comfortable A1 axle turntable and 270 ° of angle positions, symbol is contrary;
(A3) step (A1) and step (A2) several times are repeated, until the absolute value of the first receiving end M1 and the second receiving end M2 reading value is separately all equal when four angle positions of A1 axle turntable, now the position adjustment of the first receiving end M1 and the second receiving end M2 is complete;
(A4), adjust the Laser emission end S be positioned on A1 axle, position and the direction of the light beam making it send change, when the reading value of the first receiving end M1 and the second receiving end M2 is 0, the light beam that Laser emission end S sends overlaps completely with A axle, at this time light beam is simultaneously by the center of the first receiving end M1 and the second receiving end M2, and the light beam that namely Laser emission end S sends overlaps completely with the axis of A1 axle and A2 axle; This step is whether the position adjustment in order to verify the first receiving end M1 and the second receiving end M2 is correct, if the reading value of the first receiving end M1 and the second receiving end M2 cannot be made in this step to be 0 simultaneously, so just illustrate that position adjustment is incorrect, needs are readjusted, and namely return step (A1).
Described adjustment B axle turntable in described step (3) and the position of Laser emission end S and attitude make B axle and A axle intersect vertically specifically to comprise the following steps:
(B1) B axle turntable is rotated successively to 0 °, 90 °, 180 ° and 270 ° of four angle positions, position and the attitude of Laser emission end S is adjusted respectively in each angle position, reading value when making each comfortable four angle positions of the first receiving end M1 and the second receiving end M2 is a fixed value, first receiving end M1 can not be identical with the reading value of the second receiving end M2, now the axis of light beam that sends of Laser emission end S and the dead in line of B axle;
(B2) B axle turntable is rotated successively to 0 °, 90 °, 180 ° and 270 ° of four angle positions, in position and the attitude of each angle position adjustment B axle turntable, make the reading of the first receiving end M1 and the second receiving end M2 be 0, now the Laser emission end S axis of light beam that sends is crossing with the axes normal of A axle simultaneously.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the inventive method utilizes optical means to replace traditional mandrel and detects the vertical method of numerically-controlled machine A, B axle, improve the adjustment of cradle-type worktable two revolving shaft space intersection and the detection of verticality in Machine Manufacture process, improve detection efficiency and accuracy of detection.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram by A1 axle and A2 shaft assignment in the adjustment that intersects vertically of lathe cradle-type composite turntable axial space of the present invention and detection method.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram adjusting the first receiving end M1 and the second receiving end M2 in the adjustment that intersects vertically of lathe cradle-type composite turntable axial space of the present invention and detection method.
Fig. 3 adjusts the position of B axle turntable and transmitting terminal S and the schematic diagram of attitude in the adjustment that intersects vertically of lathe cradle-type composite turntable axial space of the present invention and detection method.
In figure, 1 is Laser emission end S, and 2 is Amici prism, and 3 is pentagonal prism, and 4 is the first receiving end M1, and 5 is the second receiving end M2.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail:
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools cradle-type A, B axle composite turntable, comprises A1 axle turntable and the A2 axle turntable of axis of rotation level, the B axle turntable that axis of rotation is vertical, and cradle, one in A1 axle turntable and A2 axle turntable for driving turntable, another is driven turntable.Cradle arm swings by driving turntable to drive.A1 axle turntable, A2 axle turntable and B axle turntable are all can the worktable of continuous rotary.
The inventive method mainly utilizes laser alignment instrument or laser instrument and Two-dimensional PSD and high precision pentagonal prism or 90 ° to turn to the fixed mechanism of the optical elements such as prism, Amici prism or semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens and the special chucking device of Laser emission end and receiving end, two-dimentional levelling moving stage and optical element to realize the adjustment of A, B two revolving shaft space intersections and the detection of verticality.The angular error 1: 1 of pentagonal prism affects verticality, therefore the more high measuring and adjustation being more conducive to verticality of precision.Below in step to adopt high precision pentagonal prism and Amici prism to illustrate, if use 90 ° turn to prism and semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens, also adopt identical step and mounting means.
Wherein, the high precision collimated light beam (i.e. laser beam) that the laser of laser alignment instrument or laser instrument provides is as datum axis, and 90 ° of standard angle of high precision pentagonal prism generation relative datum axis, meet verticality definition.
Below to adopt laser alignment instrument and high precision pentagonal prism to illustrate that the present invention specifically adjusts detection method, what the laser alignment instrument in the present embodiment adopted is the Easy-laser laser alignment instrument that damalini company of Sweden produces, also the centering instrument of other producer, other form can be adopted, as long as based on laser, PSD principle can, laser is used to provide the straight line of standard, and PSD is used for obtaining the center of laser facula.
The inventive method comprises the following steps:
1, as shown in Figure 1, when cradle and B axle turntable not being loaded onto, use laser alignment instrument, (mode of specific implementation centering please refer to introduction and the instructions of laser alignment instrument by A1 axle and A2 shaft assignment to adopt " 9-12-3 " method or " any 3 points " method.), be located on same straight line, A1 axle is defined as A axle together with A2 axle.
2, utilize laser alignment instrument Laser emission end S (1 in corresponding diagram) and two Position-Sensitive Detector (PSD) receiving ends to adjust.Described PSD receiving end is correspondence 4 and 5 in the drawings, is respectively the first receiving end M1 and the second receiving end M2.Laser emission end S jig is installed in the center (be installed in center and refer to roughly dead in line, subsequent step describes concrete method of adjustment) of A1 axle turntable, and is fixed in light path by Amici prism 2; First receiving end M1 (4 in corresponding diagram) is installed in the center of A2 axle turntable with jig, for receiving in Amici prism 2 transmitted light out; Second receiving end M2 (5 in corresponding diagram) is fixed in two-dimentional levelling moving stage, for receiving in Amici prism 2 reflected light out, described two-dimentional levelling moving stage is fixed on above A axle by a mechanical connection plate, it can carry out left and right in the horizontal plane and front and back (relative to paper) is mobile, as shown in Figure 2.
3, keep the first receiving end M1 and the second receiving end M2 motionless, read in A1 axle turntable respectively and rotate the reading value of the first receiving end M1 and the second receiving end M2 shown to laser alignment instrument when 0 ° and 180 ° of two angle positions (laser alignment instrument directly can measure this reading value of position coordinates of laser spots.If adopt the mode of laser instrument+two PSD, increase the processes and displays circuit of PSD in addition); Along the position adjusting the first receiving end M1 and the second receiving end M2 from the luminous point of Amici prism 2 light beam out in the direction of the first receiving end M1 and the second receiving end M2 movement, make its each comfortable 0 ° and 180 ° time reading value equal and opposite in direction, symbol is contrary;
Keep the first receiving end M1 and the second receiving end M2 motionless, read in the reading value that A1 axle turntable rotates the first receiving end M1 and the second receiving end M2 shown to laser alignment instrument when 90 ° and 270 ° of two angle positions respectively; Adjust the first receiving end M1 and the second receiving end M2 position along from the luminous point of Amici prism 2 light beam out in the direction of the first receiving end M1 and the second receiving end M2 movement again, make its each comfortable 90 ° and 270 ° time reading value equal and opposite in direction, symbol is contrary;
Repeat several times, until the absolute value of two receiving end M1 and M2 reading separately all equal in four angle positions of A1 axle turntable (symbol of 0 ° and 180 ° position symbol that is contrary, 90 ° and 270 ° positions is contrary), now two receiving end M1 and M2 position adjust complete, can not move again.In this step, the reading value of two receiving end M1 and M2 does not need identical.During the adjustment of this step, because not adjusting the position of light beam S and direction, the light that S sends by the center of M1 and M2, so two reading values can be unequal, but may not affect adjustment.
4, whether correct for verifying the position adjustment of the first receiving end M1 and the second receiving end M2, adjust the Laser emission end S be positioned on A1 axle, its position sending light beam and direction are changed, when the reading value of the first receiving end M1 and the second receiving end M2 is 0, the light beam that Laser emission end S sends overlaps completely with A axle, at this time light beam is by the center of the first receiving end M1 and the second receiving end M2, if the reading value of the first receiving end M1 and the second receiving end M2 cannot be made in this step to be 0 simultaneously, so just illustrate that the position adjustment in A2 step is incorrect, needs are readjusted, namely step 3 is repeated,
5, taken off from A1 axle turntable by Laser emission end S, and cradle and B axle turntable are loaded onto, B axle turntable is mounted on cradle.
6, as shown in Figure 3, be fixed in the light path between A1 axle turntable and Amici prism 2 by high precision pentagonal prism 3, and make the plane of incidence of pentagonal prism 3 aim at B axle center, exit facet aims at Amici prism 2, the second receiving end M2 namely on A2 axle.
7, Laser emission end S is installed in B axle turntable center, follows these steps to the position and the attitude (position refers to the volume coordinate of object, and attitude refers to the rotation of each axle of Objects around A XYZ) that adjust B axle turntable and Laser emission end S respectively:
A) B axle turntable is rotated respectively to 0 °, 90 °, 180 ° and 270 ° of four angle positions, adjusted position and the attitude of Laser emission end S by mode that is mobile and beat in each angle position, the first receiving end M1 and the second receiving end M2 reading respectively when four angle positions is made to be a fixed value (M1 with M2 reading can not be identical), the beam axis that now Laser emission end S sends overlaps with B axle, and this step ensure that the light beam that Laser emission end S sends overlaps with the axis of rotation of B axle turntable;
B) B axle turntable is rotated respectively to 0 °, 90 °, 180 ° and 270 ° of four angle positions, the position of adjustment B axle turntable and attitude, make the reading of the first receiving end M1 and the second receiving end M2 be 0, now the beam axis that sends of Laser emission end S and A axle intersect vertical axis simultaneously., because the right angle that light beam is formed by pentagonal prism intersects, certainly so this step ensure that A axle and B axle intersect vertically.
It should be noted that, in described method, described first receiving end M1 can not be equal to distance and the second receiving end M2 of Amici prism 2 or semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens to the distance of Amici prism, and both differences are larger, and adjustment accuracy of detection is higher.
Technique scheme is one embodiment of the present invention, for those skilled in the art, on the basis that the invention discloses application process and principle, be easy to make various types of improvement or distortion, and the method be not limited only to described by the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention, therefore previously described mode is just preferred, and does not have restrictive meaning.
Claims (4)
1. the adjustment that intersects vertically of a lathe cradle-type composite turntable axial space and detection method, described lathe cradle-type composite turntable comprises the vertical B axle turntable of the A1 axle turntable of axis of rotation level, A2 axle turntable and axis of rotation and cradle, the revolving shaft of described A1 axle turntable is defined as A1 axle, the revolving shaft of A2 axle turntable is defined as A2 axle, and described A1 axle is defined as A axle together with A2 axle; The revolving shaft of described B axle turntable is defined as B axle; It is characterized in that:
Described method utilizes laser alignment instrument or laser instrument and two-dimensional position-sensitive detector and the optical element spatial vertical to the A axle of lathe cradle-type composite turntable and B axle to intersect to carry out adjust and detect;
The optical element that described method adopts comprises high precision pentagonal prism or 90 ° and turns to prism and Amici prism or semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens; The laser beam that described laser alignment instrument or laser instrument emit by described method is as datum axis, and the laser beam of the laser beam described laser alignment instrument or laser instrument emitted after described high precision pentagonal prism or 90 ° turn to prism to turn back is as 90 ° of standard angle of relatively described datum axis;
Said method comprising the steps of:
(1) when cradle and B axle turntable not being loaded onto, using laser alignment instrument by A1 axle and A2 shaft assignment, both axis are located on the same line;
(2) the Laser emission end S of laser alignment instrument is arranged on A1 axle turntable center, first receiving end M1 of laser alignment instrument is arranged on A2 axle turntable center, second receiving end M2 of laser alignment instrument is arranged on the top of A axle, and Amici prism or semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens is fixed in the light path between Laser emission end S and the first receiving end M1; Adjust the position of the first receiving end M1 and the second receiving end M2 until the light beam that Laser emission end S sends overlaps completely with the axis of A1 axle and A2 axle;
(3) Laser emission end S is taken off from A1 axle turntable, and cradle and B axle turntable are loaded onto, then in light path high precision pentagonal prism or 90 ° being turned to prism to be fixed between A1 axle turntable and Amici prism or semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens, and making high precision pentagonal prism or 90 ° turn to the plane of incidence of prism to aim at B axle center, exit facet aims at Amici prism or semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens; Laser emission end S is arranged on B axle turntable center, and the position and the attitude that then adjust B axle turntable and Laser emission end S make B axle and A axle intersect vertically.
2. the adjustment that intersects vertically of lathe cradle-type composite turntable axial space according to claim 1 and detection method, it is characterized in that: the top that described the second receiving end M2 by laser alignment instrument in described step (2) is arranged on A axle is achieved in that to be fixed in a two-dimentional levelling moving stage by the second receiving end M2, then described two-dimentional levelling moving stage is fixed on above A axle by a mechanical connection plate.
3. the adjustment that intersects vertically of lathe cradle-type composite turntable axial space according to claim 1 and detection method, is characterized in that: the described adjustment first receiving end M1 in described step (2) and the position of the second receiving end M2 are until the axis of the light beam that sends of Laser emission end S and A1 axle and A2 axle overlaps completely specifically comprises the following steps:
(A1) keep the first receiving end M1 and the second receiving end M2 motionless, read in the reading value that A1 axle turntable rotates the first receiving end M1 and the second receiving end M2 shown to laser alignment instrument when 0 ° and 180 ° of two angle positions respectively; Again along the position adjusting the first receiving end M1 and the second receiving end M2 from the luminous point of Amici prism or semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens light beam out in the direction of the first receiving end M1 and the second receiving end M2 movement respectively, make reading value equal and opposite in direction when 0 ° of its each comfortable A1 axle turntable and 180 ° of angle positions, symbol is contrary;
(A2) keep the first receiving end M1 and the second receiving end M2 motionless, read in the reading value that A1 axle turntable rotates the first receiving end M1 and the second receiving end M2 shown to laser alignment instrument when 90 ° and 270 ° of two angle positions respectively; Again along the position adjusting the first receiving end M1 and the second receiving end M2 from the luminous point of Amici prism or semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens light beam out in the direction of the first receiving end M1 and the second receiving end M2 movement respectively, make reading value equal and opposite in direction when 90 ° of its each comfortable A1 axle turntable and 270 ° of angle positions, symbol is contrary;
(A3) step (A1) and step (A2) several times are repeated, until the absolute value of the first receiving end M1 and the second receiving end M2 reading value is separately all equal when four angle positions of A1 axle turntable, now the position adjustment of the first receiving end M1 and the second receiving end M2 is complete;
(A4) the Laser emission end S be positioned on A1 axle is adjusted, position and the direction of the light beam making it send change, when the reading value of the first receiving end M1 and the second receiving end M2 is 0, the light beam that Laser emission end S sends overlaps completely with A axle, at this time light beam is simultaneously by the center of the first receiving end M1 and the second receiving end M2, and the light beam that namely Laser emission end S sends overlaps completely with the axis of A1 axle and A2 axle; If the reading value of the first receiving end M1 and the second receiving end M2 cannot be made in this step to be 0 simultaneously, so just illustrate that position adjustment is incorrect, return step (A1).
4. the adjustment that intersects vertically of lathe cradle-type composite turntable axial space according to claim 3 and detection method, is characterized in that: the described adjustment B axle turntable in described step (3) and the position of Laser emission end S and attitude make B axle and A axle intersect vertically specifically to comprise the following steps:
(B1) B axle turntable is rotated successively to 0 °, 90 °, 180 ° and 270 ° of four angle positions, position and the attitude of Laser emission end S is adjusted respectively in each angle position, reading value when making each comfortable four angle positions of the first receiving end M1 and the second receiving end M2 is a fixed value, first receiving end M1 can not be identical with the reading value of the second receiving end M2, now the axis of light beam that sends of Laser emission end S and the dead in line of B axle;
(B2) B axle turntable is rotated successively to 0 °, 90 °, 180 ° and 270 ° of four angle positions, in position and the attitude of each angle position adjustment B axle turntable, make the reading of the first receiving end M1 and the second receiving end M2 be 0, now the Laser emission end S axis of light beam that sends is crossing with the axes normal of A axle simultaneously.
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CN106482667A (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2017-03-08 | 国网北京市电力公司 | Detection means |
CN111015253A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-17 | 苏州古田自动化科技有限公司 | Five-axis structure of cam-type cradle |
CN111272076B (en) * | 2020-04-01 | 2022-08-02 | 江苏理工学院 | Method for measuring position tolerance of hole type automobile composite material molded part to reference shaft |
CN111272079B (en) * | 2020-04-01 | 2022-08-02 | 江苏理工学院 | Position tolerance measurement method for axis automobile composite material molded part to reference axis |
CN111272077B (en) * | 2020-04-01 | 2022-08-02 | 江苏理工学院 | Method for measuring position tolerance of hole type automobile composite material molded part to reference hole |
CN111272078B (en) * | 2020-04-01 | 2022-08-02 | 江苏理工学院 | Position tolerance measurement method for reference hole of shaft automobile composite material molded part |
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CN201016713Y (en) * | 2007-04-09 | 2008-02-06 | 上海远超微纳技术有限公司 | Optical centering instrument with air bearing rotating platform |
CN101236076A (en) * | 2008-02-29 | 2008-08-06 | 成都工具研究所 | Laser angle interferometry system possessing standard angle rotating platform and its measurement method |
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